The entry to record the declaration on April 25 would include a debit to Retained Earnings for $1,160,000 and a credit to Common Stock Dividends Distributable for $800,000 and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for $360,000.
To record the declaration of a stock dividend, we need to adjust the company's Retained Earnings and allocate the stock dividend amount to Common Stock Dividends Distributable and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par.
The stock dividend is declared as 40% of the outstanding common stock. The company had 100,000 shares of $20 par value common stock outstanding on March 1.
Therefore, the total par value of the outstanding common stock is 100,000 shares * $20 par value = $2,000,000.
The stock dividend declared is 40% of $2,000,000, which is $2,000,000 * 40% = $800,000.
The market value per share on April 25 is $29. Multiplying this by the number of shares gives us the total market value of the stock dividend: $29 * 100,000 shares = $2,900,000.
To record the declaration on April 25, we need to debit Retained Earnings for the market value of the stock dividend, which is $2,900,000. This represents the distribution of retained earnings to the shareholders.
We credit Common Stock Dividends Distributable for the par value of the stock dividend, which is $800,000. This account reflects the allocation of the stock dividend to the common stockholders.
Finally, we credit Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for the difference between the market value and the par value of the stock dividend, which is $2,900,000 - $800,000 = $2,100,000. This account represents the allocation of the excess value of the stock dividend over its par value.
Therefore, the entry to record the declaration on April 25 would include:
Dr. Retained Earnings $2,900,000
Cr. Common Stock Dividends Distributable $800,000
Cr. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par $2,100,000
This entry reflects the decrease in retained earnings (debit) due to the distribution of the stock dividend, the allocation of the stock dividend to Common Stock Dividends Distributable (credit), and the allocation of the excess value to Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par (credit).
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Part I: Importance of writing a will.
Zoe and William Hawkins are in their mid-30s and have two children, ages 8 and 5. They have combined annual income of $95,000 and own a house in joint tenancy with a market value of $410,000, on which they have a mortgage of $300,000. William has $100,000 in group term life insurance and an individual universal life policy for $150,000. However, the Hawkins haven’t prepared their wills. William plans to draw one up soon, but the couple thinks that Zoe doesn’t need one because the house is jointly owned. Explain why it’s important for both Zoe and William to draft wills as soon as possible.
It is important for both Zoe and William to draft wills as soon as possible, even though the house is jointly owned. Here are some of the reasons why:
To ensure that their wishes are carried out. A will is a legal document that sets out your wishes for the distribution of your assets after your death. If you do not have a will, your assets will be distributed according to the laws of intestacy, which may not be in line with your wishes.
To appoint guardians for your children. If you and William die without wills, the courts will decide who will become the guardians of your children. This could be someone you would not have chosen, or it could lead to a long and drawn-out legal battle.
To avoid probate. Probate is the legal process of transferring your assets to your beneficiaries after your death. It can be a long, expensive, and complicated process. Having a will can help to simplify the probate process and save your loved ones time and money.
To provide peace of mind. Having a will can give you peace of mind knowing that your wishes will be carried out after your death. It can also help to reduce the stress and uncertainty for your loved ones.
Even though the house is jointly owned, it is still important for Zoe to have a will. If she dies before William, her share of the house will pass to her heirs according to the laws of intestacy. If she does not have a will, her share of the house could go to someone she would not have chosen.
I hope this helps to explain the importance of drafting wills. I encourage Zoe and William to sit down with an attorney as soon as possible to discuss their estate planning needs.
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When does a corporation need a board of directors?
( no picture ) and unique answers please
(no more 150 words)
A corporation needs a board of directors to provide oversight, make strategic decisions, and ensure the company acts in the best interests of its shareholders.
The board of directors provides oversight and governance, ensuring that the company is operating in compliance with laws and regulations. They also act as a fiduciary for the shareholders, making decisions.
They play a crucial role in making strategic decisions for the corporation. They provide guidance and expertise in setting the company's long-term goals and objectives. They bring diverse backgrounds and experiences, offering different perspectives and insights to help shape the company's strategic direction.
They are responsible for appointing and evaluating the company's executive management team. They ensure that capable and qualified individuals are leading the organization and hold them accountable for their performance.
They represent the interests of the shareholders and act as a communication channel between the shareholders and the management. They provide transparency by disclosing financial information, company performance, and major decisions to the shareholders.
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problem-identification research involves going below the surface to identify the true underlying problem that the marketing manager is facing.
True, problem-identification research involves going below the surface to identify the true underlying problem that the marketing manager is facing.
Problem-identification research indeed involves going beyond surface-level observations to uncover the root or underlying problem that a marketing manager is facing. It aims to delve deeper and gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation, challenges, and potential causes behind the issue at hand. By conducting thorough research and analysis, the true problem can be identified, allowing for more effective problem-solving and decision-making.
Problem-identification research typically involves techniques such as market research, data analysis, surveys, interviews, and observation to gather relevant information and insights. It helps marketing managers avoid making assumptions or addressing superficial symptoms of a problem, leading to more accurate problem diagnosis and solution development. By uncovering the true underlying problem, managers can implement targeted strategies and initiatives to address the root cause, ultimately improving business outcomes and marketing effectiveness.
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East Bay Fisheries Inc. processes King Salmon for various distributors. Two departments are involved-processing and packaging. Data relating to tons of King Salmon processed in the processing department during June 2016 are provided below:
Tons of King Salmon Percent Completed
Materials Conversion
Work-in-process inventory-June 1 1,500 90 80
Work-in-process inventory-June 30 2,800 60 40
Started processing during June 7,800
Total equivalent units for materials under the weighted-average method are calculated to be:
A. 6,830 equivalent units
B. 8,180 equivalent units
C. 6,980 equivalent units
D. 7,140 equivalent units
E. 7,620 equivalent units
The total equivalent units for materials under the weighted-average method are 3,030 equivalent units.
The total equivalent units for materials under the weighted-average method can be calculated by adding the equivalent units of the work-in-process inventory from June 1st to the equivalent units of the units started and completed during June.
First, let's calculate the equivalent units for the work-in-process inventory on June 1st:
- Tons of King Salmon: 1,500
- Percent Completed for Materials: 90%
- Equivalent Units for Materials: 1,500 tons * 90% = 1,350 equivalent units
Next, let's calculate the equivalent units for the units started and completed during June:
- Tons of King Salmon started processing during June: 7,800
To calculate the equivalent units for materials, we need to consider the percentage completed for materials for the work-in-process inventory on June 30th. Given that the percentage completed for materials for the work-in-process inventory on June 30th is 60%, we can calculate the equivalent units for materials for the work-in-process inventory on June 30th:
- Work-in-process inventory on June 30th: 2,800 tons
- Percent Completed for Materials: 60%
- Equivalent Units for Materials: 2,800 tons * 60% = 1,680 equivalent units
Finally, let's add the equivalent units from June 1st and the equivalent units from June 30th to get the total equivalent units for materials:
- Total equivalent units for materials = Equivalent units on June 1st + Equivalent units on June 30th
- Total equivalent units for materials = 1,350 equivalent units + 1,680 equivalent units = 3,030 equivalent units
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Prepare a bond discount amortization table for Ayayai Corp., assuming Ayayai uses the effective interest method required by IFRS. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75.)
In the case of Ayayai Corp., if they are using the effective interest method as required by IFRS, an amortization table can be prepared to track the bond discount.
To create the bond discount amortization table, the following steps are typically followed:
1. Determine the initial carrying value of the bond, which is the face value of the bond minus the bond discount.
2. Calculate the periodic interest expense by multiplying the carrying value of the bond by the effective interest rate.
3. Calculate the amortization of the bond discount by subtracting the periodic interest expense from the interest payment made.
4. Update the carrying value of the bond by subtracting the amortization of the bond discount from the previous carrying value.
5. Repeat steps 2-4 for each period until the bond reaches maturity.
The resulting table will show the interest expense, the bond discount amortization, and the carrying value of the bond for each period. By following the effective interest method, the bond discount is gradually reduced over time, leading to an increase in the carrying value of the bond towards its face value.
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Ms. Cloud opened a business checking account at Wells Fargo Bank by depositing $50,000. The corporation issued her a stock certificate for 5,000 shares of common stock.
How would this look on a journal entry?
The journal entry for Ms. Cloud opening a business checking account at Wells Fargo Bank and receiving stock certificates for 5,000 shares of common stock would involve debiting the Cash account for $50,000 and crediting the Common Stock account for the corresponding value of the shares.
To record Ms. Cloud's deposit and issuance of stock certificates, the following journal entry would be made:
Debit: Cash (or Business Checking Account) for $50,000
Credit: Common Stock for the value of the shares issued
The debit to the Cash account reflects the increase in the checking account balance as a result of the deposit. The credit to the Common Stock account represents the issuance of shares to Ms. Cloud, indicating her ownership in the corporation.
The specific value assigned to the Common Stock depends on the par value or stated value of the shares. If the par value is $0.01 per share, for example, the credit to the Common Stock account would be $50 ($0.01 x 5,000 shares). If there is no par value or stated value, the credit would be the full $50,000.
It's important to note that the exact account names and values may vary depending on the specific chart of accounts used by the company. Consulting with an accountant or referring to the company's financial policies would ensure the accurate recording of the transaction
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Reading a stock quote, you see that Builtrite pays a $3.50 dividend and has a PE of 16. You also note that Builtrite pays out one quarter of its earnings as dividends. What is the price of Builtrite's stock? $88 $104 $144 $224
The price of Builtrite's stock is $224.
To calculate the stock price, we need to use the price-earnings (PE) ratio and the dividend payout ratio. The dividend payout ratio is given as one quarter of earnings. This means that the dividend per share ($3.50) is equal to one quarter of the earnings per share.
Dividing the dividend per share by the dividend payout ratio (1/4) gives us the earnings per share (EPS) of $14.
Next, we use the PE ratio (16) to calculate the stock price. The PE ratio is the price of the stock divided by the earnings per share. Rearranging the formula, we can calculate the stock price by multiplying the PE ratio by the earnings per share.
Stock price = PE ratio * EPS = 16 * $14 = $224.
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As a strategic consultant to ABC Ltd., explain to the board of directors, a reliable approach to developing and implementing staffing policy guidelines that will ensure reinforcement of the desired culture in the organization, essential to achieving its goals and objectives
As a consultant, it is essential to be able to develop and implement staffing policy guidelines that will ensure reinforcement of the desired culture in the organization.
The following is a reliable approach to developing and implementing such guidelines:1. Analyzing the organization's culture: A consultant should analyze the organization's culture to determine what it is currently and what it should be in the future. This will provide a starting point for developing policies that are aligned with the desired culture.2. Identifying the organization's goals and objectives: The consultant should also identify the organization's goals and objectives, which will help in developing policies that are aligned with them.3. Developing policy guidelines: Based on the analysis of the organization's culture and goals and objectives, the consultant should develop policy guidelines that are aligned with them. The guidelines should be clear and concise, and they should provide a framework for making staffing decisions.4. Implementing policy guidelines: The consultant should work with the organization to implement the policy guidelines. This may involve training staff on the guidelines, establishing procedures for making staffing decisions, and monitoring the implementation of the guidelines.5. Evaluating the effectiveness of the policy guidelines: The consultant should periodically evaluate the bof the policy guidelines to ensure that they are achieving the desired results. This may involve analyzing data on staffing decisions, conducting surveys of staff, and making adjustments to the guidelines as needed.In conclusion, developing and implementing staffing policy guidelines that reinforce the desired culture in an organization is essential to achieving its goals and objectives. The approach outlined above is a reliable way to develop and implement such guidelines. It involves analyzing the organization's culture and goals and objectives, developing clear and concise policy guidelines, implementing the guidelines, and evaluating their effectiveness.
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Transactions follow for the Sandhill Sports Ltd. store and four of its customers in the company's first month of business: June Ben Kidd used his Sandhill Sports credit card to purchase $1,150 of merchandise. 6 Biljana Pavic used her MasterCard credit card to purchase $840 of merchandise. MasterCard charges a 2.5% service fee. 9 Nicole Montpetit purchased $403 of merchandise on account, terms 2/10,n/30. 19 Bonnie Cutcliffe used her debit card to purchase $219 of merchandise. There is a $0.50 service charge on all debit card transactions. 20 Ben Kidd made a $307 payment on his credit card account. 23 Nicole Montpetit purchased an additional $474 of merchandise on account, terms 2/10,n/30. 25 Nicole Montpetit paid the amount owing on her June 9 purchase. 30 Biljana Pavic used her MasterCard to purchase $400 of merchandise. MasterCard charges a 2.5% service fee. Record the above transactions. Ignore any inventory, cost of goods sold, and refund liability entries for the purposes of this question. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem.) (To record sale using credit card.) June 6 (To record sale using credit card.) (To record sale on account.) June 19 (To record sale using debit card.) (Collection on credit card sale) (To record sale on account.) (To record collection on account.) June 30 (To record sale using credit card.)
June 6:
Accounts Receivable (Ben Kidd) $1,150
Sales $1,150
June 9:
Accounts Receivable (Nicole Montpetit) $403
Sales $403
June 19:
Accounts Receivable (Nicole Montpetit) $474
Sales $474
June 23:
Accounts Receivable (Biljana Pavic) $400
Sales $400
June 25:
Cash $840
Service Charge Expense $20
Accounts Receivable (MasterCard) $820
June 30:
Accounts Receivable (Nicole Montpetit) $474
Sales $474
Supporting explanation:
On June 6, Ben Kidd's purchase of $1,150 using his Sandhill Sports credit card is recorded as an increase in Accounts Receivable and Sales.
On June 9, Nicole Montpetit's purchase of $403 on account is recorded as an increase in Accounts Receivable and Sales.
On June 19, Nicole Montpetit's additional purchase of $474 on account is recorded as an increase in Accounts Receivable and Sales.
On June 23, Biljana Pavic's purchase of $400 using her MasterCard is recorded as an increase in Accounts Receivable and Sales.
On June 25, the payment for Nicole Montpetit's June 9 purchase is recorded as a decrease in Accounts Receivable and an increase in Cash, while the 2.5% service charge is recorded as an expense.
On June 30, Nicole Montpetit's payment for her June 23 purchase is recorded as a decrease in Accounts Receivable and an increase in Sales.
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. Consider you are getting a Marketing Manager position in the Union Cooperative, the leading FMCG distributor in the UAE. Your first assignment is to enhance the E-Retailing: Omnichannel system in the company. Explain the changes you will bring in. Present your arguments to the management about your actions with advantages and disadvantages of the system.
As the new Marketing Manager of the Union Cooperative, my first assignment would be to enhance the E-Retailing: Omnichannel system. Here are the changes that I would bring in:The first step that I would take to enhance the Omnichannel system is to implement a user-friendly and comprehensive interface.
The interface should be easy to navigate and should provide the customers with all the necessary information related to the product, like price, features, and product description. It will help the customers make informed decisions about their purchases.The second step that I would take is to create an online store that is accessible from all devices. This way, customers can access the online store from their phones, tablets, or computers.
The online store should be integrated with the company's POS system to ensure real-time inventory management. It will prevent instances where customers purchase products that are out of stock.The third step that I would take is to enable customers to track their orders in real-time. The tracking system will keep customers informed about their orders' status, which is an essential factor in building customer trust and loyalty.
The tracking system will help customers estimate the delivery date, making it easier for them to plan their schedules and receive their orders on time.In conclusion, these changes will help improve the E-Retailing: Omnichannel system of the Union Cooperative and boost customer satisfaction. However, the disadvantages of the system are that it is costly to implement and requires significant investment. Additionally, the system may require more manpower to manage the increased customer traffic.
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Recommend the turnaround strategies that are needed to rescue
Walmart post covid 19 pandemic
Walmart must enhance online presence, improve user experience, and expand product offerings while implementing safety measures to build customer trust and ensure a safe shopping environment.
To rescue Walmart post the COVID-19 pandemic, there are several turnaround strategies that can be recommended. These strategies focus on adapting to the new normal and ensuring the company's long-term success. Here are some steps Walmart could consider:
1. Enhancing Online Presence: Strengthening the company's e-commerce capabilities is crucial. Walmart should invest in improving its online platform, enhancing user experience, and expanding its product offerings. This could involve streamlining the online shopping process, optimizing website performance, and providing a wider range of products for online customers.
2. Implementing Safety Measures: To build customer trust and ensure a safe shopping environment, Walmart should implement strict safety protocols. This includes measures such as regular sanitization, social distancing protocols, mandatory mask policies, and providing hand sanitizing stations throughout the store. Communicating these measures effectively to customers is also important.
3. Diversifying Supply Chains: The pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains. To mitigate future disruptions, Walmart should consider diversifying its supply chains by sourcing products from multiple regions. This reduces reliance on a single source and minimizes the impact of future disruptions.
4. Strengthening Local Sourcing: Walmart can support local suppliers and manufacturers by sourcing products locally. This not only contributes to the local economy but also helps in building resilience against global disruptions. Collaborating with local businesses and offering their products can help foster stronger relationships with the community.
5. Investing in Technology: Embracing technology can enhance operational efficiency and improve the customer experience. Walmart should explore automation and robotics for tasks such as inventory management, order fulfillment, and customer service. Implementing technologies like contactless payments and self-checkout can also streamline the shopping experience.
6. Focusing on Employee Well-being: Taking care of employees is crucial for Walmart's success. The company should prioritize employee health and safety by providing necessary protective equipment, offering paid sick leave, and implementing wellness programs. Training employees on new safety protocols and equipping them with the necessary skills to adapt to changing circumstances is also important.
7. Revamping Marketing Strategies: Walmart should reassess its marketing strategies to effectively reach and engage customers in the post-pandemic era. This may involve emphasizing the convenience of online shopping, highlighting safety measures in stores, and offering personalized promotions or discounts to attract customers.
These are just a few strategies that Walmart could consider to rescue its business post the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important for the company to continuously adapt and innovate to meet the evolving needs and expectations of its customers in the changing landscape.
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Concentration Ratio is the percentage of an industry's total
sales that is controlled by the largest few firms Question 5
options: True False
The statement "Concentration Ratio is the percentage of an industry's total sales that is controlled by the largest few firms" is true.
The Concentration Ratio is a widely used measure to assess the level of market concentration within an industry. It calculates the percentage of total sales that is controlled by the largest few firms. Typically, the ratio is expressed as a percentage ranging from 0% to 100%. A higher concentration ratio indicates that a smaller number of firms hold a significant portion of the market share, implying a higher degree of market concentration and potentially less competition.
For example, if the Concentration Ratio is 80%, it means that the largest few firms in the industry control 80% of the total sales, while the remaining firms collectively hold the remaining 20%. This indicates a highly concentrated market where a small group of firms have substantial market power.
The Concentration Ratio is useful for evaluating the competitive landscape within an industry and understanding the potential impact on market dynamics. Industries with high concentration ratios may have barriers to entry or economies of scale that make it challenging for new firms to enter the market and compete effectively. In such cases, the dominant firms may have greater control over pricing, output levels, and other market decisions.
In contrast, industries with low concentration ratios indicate a more competitive market with a larger number of firms having relatively equal market shares. In these markets, there may be more opportunities for new entrants, and competition is likely to be more intense.
In conclusion, the Concentration Ratio measures the percentage of an industry's total sales controlled by the largest few firms. It is an important indicator of market concentration and provides insights into the competitive dynamics and market power within an industry.
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Price elasticity of demand is closely related, but not the same as the slope of the demand curve. The more sensitive buyers are to changes in price the
O the more the demand curve will shift
O demand curve becomes more curved and less linear
O the flatter the demand curve. dhe
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in price, while the slope of the demand curve represents the rate at which quantity demanded changes with a change in price. Although they are related, they are not the same concept.
Price elasticity of demand is a numerical value that quantifies the percentage change in quantity demanded resulting from a percentage change in price. It provides insights into the sensitivity of buyers to price changes. If the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1, demand is considered elastic, indicating that buyers are highly responsive to price changes. If the value is less than 1, demand is inelastic, suggesting that buyers are less sensitive to price changes.
On the other hand, the slope of the demand curve indicates the steepness or flatness of the curve. A steeper slope implies that a small change in price leads to a relatively larger change in quantity demanded, indicating inelastic demand. In contrast, a flatter slope indicates that a small change in price results in a relatively larger change in quantity demanded, indicating elastic demand.
In summary, while price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes, the slope of the demand curve reflects the rate at which quantity demanded changes with a change in price. The flatter the demand curve, the more sensitive buyers are to changes in price, indicating a higher price elasticity of demand.
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Elaborate on the most important contents that should be included in
a business plan when you are submitting the same to prospective
investors."
A comprehensive business plan for prospective investors should include key contents such as an executive summary, company description, market analysis, competitive analysis, marketing and sales strategy, management team, financial projections, funding request, risk assessment, and exit strategy.
In a business plan submitted to prospective investors, several important contents should be included to provide a comprehensive overview of the business and its potential. The executive summary serves as a concise overview of the entire plan. The company description provides details about the business, its mission, and its unique value proposition. Market analysis and competitive analysis evaluate the target market and competitors. The marketing and sales strategy outlines how the business plans to attract and retain customers. The management team showcases the skills and expertise of the key team members. Financial projections demonstrate the expected financial performance and potential returns. Funding request states the amount of investment needed. Risk assessment identifies potential challenges and mitigation strategies, while the exit strategy outlines the potential exit options for investors.
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A pay structure is a collection of wage grades, levels or bands that link related jobs within a hierarchy or series. It provides a framework to implement reward strategies and policies. Discuss legal requirements an organisation must meet in setting up a pay structure. Which of these would be most challenging for a small start-up business?
The legal requirements that an organization must meet in setting up a pay structure are as follows:
Equality - Ensuring that equal pay is given for work of equal value. This means that employees who perform similar tasks or functions should receive the same pay rate.Fairness - Ensuring that the pay structure is equitable, transparent, and non-discriminatory. This means that employees should be compensated based on their qualifications, skills, experience, and job responsibilities.Minimum wage - An organization should adhere to minimum wage legislation. They must also ensure that the minimum wage is paid to their employees in accordance with the relevant legislation and regulations.Legality - The pay structure must comply with all applicable laws and regulations. This includes but is not limited to employment laws, tax laws, and company laws.Payroll Taxes - An organization is required to withhold payroll taxes from employee pay and to pay their share of payroll taxes (FICA) based on the employee's earnings size. A payroll tax includes Social Security, Medicare, and income tax.State and local taxes may also be required.Incentives - Implement reward strategies that motivate workers to perform well and contribute to the company's success. This includes bonuses, stock options, profit-sharing plans, or other incentive programs.Challenging legal requirements for a small start-up business would be the payroll taxes and the legalities. Small start-up businesses have limited resources that may not accommodate for the payroll taxes and legalities.
In addition, the cost of hiring an expert to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations may be prohibitive for a small start-up.
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Change management is an overarching approach taken in an organization to move from the current to a future desirable state using a coordinated and structured approach in collaboration with stakeholders.
(a) Discuss the FIVE factors that may hinder translating the need for change to the desire for change. (10 MARK)
(b) Some individuals and groups are less comfortable when it involves being open and discussing their affairs or sensitive matters with an outsider. As a result, key issues that can affect the quality of a connection between a change agent and others are heavily reliant on variables like confidence and trust (Hayes, 2010).
Discuss this statement with appropriate examples. ( 10 MARK)
One of the primary factors hindering the translation of the need for change into the desire for change is resistance.
People naturally tend to resist change due to fear of the unknown, loss of control, or perceived threats to their status quo. This resistance can manifest at various levels, such as individual, team, or organizational, and can be a significant barrier to change adoption.
Lack of awareness or understanding: If individuals or groups are not adequately informed or aware of the reasons and benefits behind the proposed change.
Lack of trust or credibility: Trust and credibility are crucial in change management. If there is a lack of trust in the change agents or leaders responsible for driving the change, it can hinder the desire for change.
Fear of job insecurity: Change often brings about uncertainty, especially in relation to job security.
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Triton Industries reports the following information regarding its production cost:
Units produced 77,000 units
Direct labor $ 27 per unit
Direct materials $ 12 per unit
Variable overhead $ 33 per unit
Fixed overhead $ 3,311,000 in total
a. Compute product cost per unit under variable costing.
b. Compute product cost per unit under absorption costing.
a. The product cost per unit under variable costing is $72, which includes direct labor, direct materials, and variable overhead costs.
b. The product cost per unit under absorption costing is $115, including direct labor, direct materials, variable overhead, and allocated fixed overhead costs.
a. To compute the product cost per unit under variable costing, we need to consider the direct labor, direct materials, and variable overhead costs. Fixed overhead is not included in the product cost per unit calculation under variable costing.
Product cost per unit under variable costing:
= Direct labor per unit + Direct materials per unit + Variable overhead per unit
= $27 + $12 + $33
= $72 per unit
Therefore, the product cost per unit under variable costing is $72.
b. To compute the product cost per unit under absorption costing, we need to include both variable and fixed overhead costs in addition to direct labor and direct materials. Absorption costing assigns fixed overhead costs to each unit produced.
Product cost per unit under absorption costing:
= Direct labor per unit + Direct materials per unit + Variable overhead per unit + (Total fixed overhead / Units produced)
= $27 + $12 + $33 + ($3,311,000 / 77,000)
= $27 + $12 + $33 + $43
= $115 per unit
Therefore, the product cost per unit under absorption costing is $115.
In summary:
a. Product cost per unit under variable costing: $72.
b. Product cost per unit under absorption costing: $115.
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Under what circumstances would changing the firm’s capital
structure create wealth for the shareholders?
Changing a firm's capital structure can create wealth for the shareholders under certain circumstances, such as when it leads to a reduction in the cost of capital.
When a firm adjusts its capital structure by changing the mix of debt and equity, it can impact the cost of capital. If the firm is able to replace expensive sources of financing, such as high-interest debt, with cheaper sources, such as lower-interest debt or equity, it can result in a decrease in the overall cost of capital. This reduction in the cost of capital can create wealth for the shareholders.
By lowering the cost of capital, the firm becomes more efficient in funding its operations and investments. This can lead to increased profitability and cash flows, ultimately benefiting the shareholders. Additionally, a favorable capital structure can enhance the firm's creditworthiness and improve its access to capital markets, enabling it to pursue growth opportunities and generate higher returns for shareholders.
However, it is important to note that changing the capital structure is not a guaranteed way to create wealth for shareholders. The impact of capital structure changes on shareholder wealth depends on various factors, including the specific market conditions, the firm's financial position, and the effectiveness of the capital structure strategy implemented. Therefore, careful analysis, planning, and consideration of the company's specific circumstances are essential when evaluating the potential wealth creation from changing the firm's capital structure.
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"
SBD Phone Company sells its waterproof phone case for \( \$ 85 \) per unit. Fixed costs total \( \$ 102,000 \), and variable costs are \( \$ 34 \) per unit.
"
The SBD Phone Company sells its waterproof phone case for $85 per unit. To calculate the total costs, we need to consider the fixed costs and the variable costs.
Fixed costs are costs that do not change with the number of units produced. In this case, the fixed costs total $102,000. This means that regardless of how many units are produced, the fixed costs will remain the same. Variable costs, on the other hand, are costs that change with the number of units produced. In this case, the variable cost is $34 per unit. This means that for each unit produced, there is an additional cost of $34.
To find the total costs, we can use the formula: Total costs = Fixed costs + (Variable costs * Number of units) Let's say we want to find the total costs for producing 1,000 units. Plugging the values into the formula, Total costs = $102,000 + ($34 * 1,000) Total costs = $102,000 + $34,000 Total costs = $136,000. So, the total costs for producing 1,000 units would be $136,000.
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4. Do you think you will be working in manufacturing or services when you graduate? What do you think will be the role of manufacturing in the U.S. economy in the future?
If I will be working in manufacturing or services when I graduate. I am interested in both fields, and I think it will depend on the opportunities that are available to me.
I think manufacturing will continue to be an important part of the U.S. economy in the future. However, it will likely be a different kind of manufacturing than we see today.
Manufacturing will become more automated and specialized, and it will be increasingly focused on high-value products.
I think the services sector will also continue to grow in the future. The U.S. economy is becoming more service-oriented, and this trend is likely to continue.
Services jobs are often more knowledge-based than manufacturing jobs, and they offer more opportunities for creativity and innovation.
I think the role of manufacturing in the U.S. economy will be to produce high-value products that are in demand around the world. Manufacturing will also be responsible for developing new technologies and processes that can be used in other industries.
I think the role of services in the U.S. economy will be to provide the support that businesses and individuals need to succeed. Services will also be responsible for creating new products and services that meet the needs of a changing world.
I think both manufacturing and services will be important parts of the U.S. economy in the future. The specific role that each sector plays will depend on a number of factors, including technological advances, economic trends, and consumer demand.
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XYZ Company has 2 million shares of common stock authorized with a par value of $5 per share, of which 1,600,000 shares are outstanding. The company received $15 per share when it issued shares to the public. Required: What is the book value of Additional paid-in capital account? (1 point) Please show your calculation process(3 points).
The book value of the Additional Paid-in Capital account represents the total amount received from investors, the book value in this case would be $16,000,000.
The Additional Paid-in Capital account represents the amount of capital received from investors above the par value of the shares. In this case, the company received $15 per share, which is $10 more than the par value of $5 per share.
However, the book value of the Additional Paid-in Capital account is calculated by subtracting the par value from the total amount received, multiplied by the number of outstanding shares.
Calculation:
Amount received per share = $15 - $5 (par value) = $10
Total amount received = Amount received per share × Number of outstanding shares
Total amount received = $10 × 1,600,000 shares = $16,000,000
Since the book value of the Additional Paid-in Capital account represents the total amount received from investors, the book value in this case would be $16,000,000.
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Production choices for Billie's Bedroom Shop
Choice Quantity of Pillows Produced Quantity of Blankets Produced
А 36 0
B 27 7
C 18 14
D 9 21 28
E 0 26
Refer to Table 1. Assume Billie's Bedroom Shop only produces pillows and blankets. A combination of 5 pillows and 21 blankets would appear
at the vertical intercept of Billie's production possibilities frontier.
inside Billie's production possibilities frontier
along Billies production possibilities frontier.
outside Billie's production possibilities frontier
The combination of 5 pillows and 21 blankets would appear inside Billie's production possibilities frontier. The production possibilities frontier represents the maximum output that can be achieved with the given resources and technology. In this case, the choices provided represent different combinations of pillows and blankets that Billie's Bedroom Shop can produce.
To determine whether the combination falls inside or outside the production possibilities frontier, we can examine the neighboring choices. Choice D produces 9 pillows and 21 blankets, which is the closest choice to the desired combination. Since the combination of 5 pillows and 21 blankets falls within the range of production quantities offered by the available choices, it would appear inside Billie's production possibilities frontier.
In summary, the combination of 5 pillows and 21 blankets would fall inside Billie's production possibilities frontier, as it is a feasible production combination within the options provided.
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Activity-Based Costing: Selling and Administrative Expenses Play-Time Company manufactures and sells outdoor play equipment. Play-Time uses activity-based costing to determine the cost of the sales order processing and the customer return activity. The sales order processing activity has an activity rate of $18 per sales order, and the customer return activity has an activity rate of $60 per return. Play-Time sold 1,250 swing sets, which consisted of 1,000 orders and 75 returns. Determine (a) the total and (b) the per-unit sales order processing and customer return activity cost for swing sets.
Total sales order processing activity cost: $18,000. Total customer return activity cost: $4,500. Per-unit costs: $14.40 for sales order processing and $3.60 for customer return.
To determine the total and per-unit sales order processing and customer return activity costs for swing sets, we can use the given activity rates and the quantity of swing sets sold.
(a) Total Sales Order Processing Activity Cost:
Total sales order processing activity cost = Activity rate * Number of sales orders
= $18 * 1,000
= $18,000
Total Customer Return Activity Cost:
Total customer return activity cost = Activity rate * Number of returns
= $60 * 75
= $4,500
(b) Per-Unit Sales Order Processing Activity Cost:
Per-unit sales order processing activity cost = Total sales order processing activity cost / Number of swing sets sold
= $18,000 / 1,250
= $14.40
Per-Unit Customer Return Activity Cost:
Per-unit customer return activity cost = Total customer return activity cost / Number of swing sets sold
= $4,500 / 1,250
= $3.60
Therefore, for the swing sets sold by Play-Time Company, the total sales order processing activity cost is $18,000, the total customer return activity cost is $4,500, the per-unit sales order processing activity cost is $14.40, and the per-unit customer return activity cost is $3.60.
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Assess two (2) main factors that can allow a firm to
benefit from external economies of
scale.
END
External economies of scale occur when a firm benefits from external factors outside of its own operations that result in cost reductions or efficiency improvements.
Two main factors that can allow a firm to benefit from external economies of scale are industry clustering and knowledge spillovers. Industry clustering refers to the concentration of related firms and supporting industries in a specific geographic area.
When firms in the same industry cluster together, they can benefit from shared infrastructure, specialized suppliers, a skilled labor pool, and knowledge exchange. This clustering enhances efficiency, lowers costs, and fosters innovation within the industry, allowing individual firms to benefit from these external economies of scale.
Knowledge spillovers occur when knowledge or technological advancements generated by one firm or industry spill over and benefit other firms or industries. This can happen through collaborations, networks, or even unintentional diffusion of knowledge.
When firms are located in close proximity or have strong connections, they can tap into the knowledge spillovers generated by others, gaining access to new ideas, best practices, and technological advancements. These external knowledge spillovers can lead to cost savings, improved processes, and enhanced competitiveness for the firm.
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Time value of money indicates us that:
A. A unit of money obtained today is worth less than a unit of money obtained in future
B A unit of money obtained today is worth more than a unit of money obtained in future
C. None of the above
D• There is no difference in the value of money obtained today and tomorrow
The time value of money concept states that (B) a unit of money obtained today is worth more than a unit of money obtained in the future.
The time value of money recognizes that the value of money changes over time due to various factors such as inflation, opportunity cost, and risk. It implies that there is a preference for receiving money earlier rather than later.
A unit of money obtained today is worth more than a unit of money obtained in the future. This is because money has the potential to earn interest or be invested to generate returns over time. By receiving money earlier, one has the opportunity to put it to productive use and potentially increase its value.
The concept of the time value of money is fundamental in various financial calculations such as present value, future value, and discounted cash flow analysis. Hence, the correct answer is B: A unit of money obtained today is worth more than a unit of money obtained in the future.
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1. Overall, do you think globalization is positive or negative? 2. Does it increase standards of living around the world, or suffocate other cultures under an onslaught of Big Macs and Coca Cola?
globalization has both positive and negative effects. It has the potential to improve living standards through economic integration and trade, while also posing challenges to cultural diversity.
Overall, the question of whether globalization is positive or negative is subjective and can depend on various perspectives. However, globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on the world.
On one hand, globalization has led to increased economic interdependence, facilitating the exchange of goods, services, and ideas between countries. This has contributed to economic growth, job creation, and increased standards of living in many parts of the world. For example, international trade has allowed countries to specialize in producing goods and services they have a comparative advantage in, leading to efficiency gains and consumer benefits.
On the other hand, globalization has also raised concerns about cultural homogenization and the dominance of Western culture. Critics argue that globalization can erode local cultures and traditions, as Western products and values become more prevalent. For instance, the spread of fast food chains and multinational corporations may lead to the loss of cultural diversity and the displacement of local businesses.
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Discuss the approach to strategic management process
that the organisation can utilize during this period. Covid 19
The approach to strategic management process that an organization can utilize during the Covid-19 period involves several key steps. These steps can help the organization adapt to the challenges posed by the pandemic and make informed decisions to navigate through these uncertain times.
Environmental Analysis: Start by conducting a thorough analysis of the external environment to understand the impact of Covid-19 on various aspects of the business. Consider factors such as changes in customer behavior, supply chain disruptions, market volatility, and government regulations. This analysis will provide insights into the specific challenges and opportunities the organization faces.
Review and Update the Strategic Plan: Evaluate your existing strategic plan and make necessary adjustments to align it with the changing circumstances. This may involve revising goals, objectives, and timelines, as well as reallocating resources to address emerging priorities. It is essential to ensure that the strategic plan is flexible and adaptable to accommodate the uncertainties associated with the pandemic.
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Discuss the how the enablers of world class procurement can be
used to assist performance of a company of your choice.
The enablers of world-class procurement, including leadership, talent management, supplier relationship management, process optimization, risk management, and performance measurement, can significantly assist in improving the performance of a company. By focusing on these enablers and implementing relevant strategies, a company can enhance its procurement capabilities, achieve better outcomes, and ultimately contribute to overall success.
To improve the performance of a company in terms of procurement, the enablers of world-class procurement can be effectively utilized. These enablers consist of various factors that can positively impact the procurement process and contribute to overall success. Let's explore how these enablers can assist the performance of a company.
1. Leadership: Strong leadership plays a crucial role in driving procurement excellence. By providing clear goals, strategies, and direction, leaders can create a procurement culture that emphasizes efficiency, innovation, and continuous improvement. For example, the leaders can establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure procurement effectiveness and ensure alignment with the company's overall objectives.
2. Talent Management: Having a skilled and competent procurement team is essential for achieving optimal performance. Companies should focus on attracting, developing, and retaining talented procurement professionals. This can be done through effective recruitment processes, training programs, and performance management systems. By investing in their workforce, companies can enhance their procurement capabilities and achieve better outcomes.
3. Supplier Relationship Management: Developing strong relationships with suppliers is crucial for successful procurement. By collaborating closely with suppliers, companies can ensure a reliable and efficient supply chain. This can be achieved through effective communication, regular performance reviews, and mutually beneficial agreements. For example, a company can negotiate long-term contracts with preferred suppliers to secure better pricing and minimize risks.
4. Process Optimization: Streamlining and optimizing procurement processes can significantly enhance performance. By implementing best practices such as standardized processes, digitalization, and automation, companies can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize errors. For instance, using procurement software to automate routine tasks like purchase order processing can save time and improve accuracy.
5. Risk Management: Managing procurement risks is essential to prevent disruptions and protect the company's interests. By conducting risk assessments, developing contingency plans, and implementing robust control measures, companies can minimize the impact of unforeseen events. For example, diversifying the supplier base and regularly monitoring market conditions can mitigate the risk of supply chain disruptions.
6. Performance Measurement: Regularly measuring and monitoring procurement performance is vital to identify areas for improvement. By analyzing key metrics such as cost savings, supplier performance, and procurement cycle time, companies can identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for enhancement. This enables them to make data-driven decisions and implement targeted improvements.
Let's consider an example to illustrate the application of these enablers. Suppose a company aims to improve its procurement performance. To utilize the enablers effectively, the company can:
- Appoint a strong procurement leader who sets clear goals and strategies.
- Invest in talent management by recruiting skilled professionals and providing them with training and development opportunities.
- Foster strong relationships with key suppliers through effective communication and collaboration.
- Optimize procurement processes by implementing digital tools and automation.
- Develop a comprehensive risk management plan to mitigate potential disruptions.
- Continuously measure procurement performance using relevant metrics and make necessary improvements based on the findings.
By implementing these enablers, the company can enhance its procurement performance, achieve cost savings, and create a competitive advantage.
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Applying these enablers in the procurement practices of a company, such as XYZ Company, can lead to improved performance by reducing costs, enhancing supplier relationships, and increasing overall operational effectiveness.
To assist the performance of a company in the context of world class procurement, enablers can be used to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and value in the procurement process. These enablers include:
1. Strategic sourcing: By conducting a thorough analysis of the company's supply chain and identifying strategic sourcing opportunities, the company can leverage its purchasing power, negotiate favorable contracts, and reduce costs.
2. Supplier relationship management: Developing strong relationships with suppliers can lead to better collaboration, improved quality control, and enhanced innovation. This can be achieved through regular communication, performance evaluations, and joint problem-solving.
3. Technology adoption: Utilizing advanced procurement software and tools can streamline processes, automate routine tasks, and improve data analysis. For example, implementing e-procurement systems can facilitate faster and more accurate purchasing, while data analytics can provide insights for better decision-making.
4. Continuous improvement: Regularly reviewing and optimizing procurement processes is crucial for ongoing success. This involves setting performance metrics, conducting audits, and implementing corrective actions to drive efficiency and effectiveness.
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An American Wrecking Corporation (AWC) employee was killed when bricks fell on him as he prepared a section of building for demolition. AWC was cited for willfully violating the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) governing the removal of loose material during the demolition process. Willful violations of the Act can serve as the basis of criminal complaints. AWC filed a review petition. At hearing, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Review Committee's experts testified that the bricks were unstable and should have been taken down, while company employees. stated that they believed that the bricks had been supported by iron in the structure. The administrative law judge ruled that the company had willfully violated the statute by not removing the bricks because the hazardous condition should have been obvious to the demolition supervisor. On appeal, should this ruling be upheld? If so, what would be the appropriate sentence? [American Wrecking Corp. v. Secretary of Labor, 351 F.3d 1254 (D.C. Cir. 2003).]
The ruling that American Wrecking Corporation (AWC) willfully violated the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) by not removing unstable bricks should be upheld on appeal. The hazardous condition should have been obvious to the demolition supervisor, and the company's belief that the bricks were supported by iron did not excuse their failure to take necessary precautions. As a result, AWC can be held accountable for criminal complaints based on willful violations. The appropriate sentence would depend on the severity of the violation and may include fines, penalties, or other legal consequences.
Based on the information provided, the administrative law judge ruled that AWC willfully violated the OSH Act by failing to remove unstable bricks, leading to the tragic death of an employee. The judge determined that the hazardous condition should have been obvious to the demolition supervisor, indicating a lack of proper attention and care to ensure worker safety.
On appeal, it is likely that the ruling would be upheld, considering the expert testimony presented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Review Committee's experts and the lack of valid justification provided by the company's employees. AWC's belief that the bricks were supported by iron in the structure does not excuse their failure to take necessary precautions or to assess the stability of the bricks accurately.
The appropriate sentence or legal consequences would depend on the specific details and severity of the violation, as well as any relevant provisions of the OSH Act. Possible outcomes could include fines, penalties, probation, or other measures aimed at ensuring future compliance and preventing similar incidents.
Overall, the ruling should be upheld on appeal, holding AWC accountable for the willful violation of the OSH Act and taking appropriate measures to address the consequences of their actions.
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Five commerical banks offer different interest rates and compounded at different frequency for 1-year GIC (Guaranteed Investment Certificate).
Bank A offers 8% annual rate, but compounded continuously.
Bank B offers 8% annual rate, but compounded daily.
Bank C offers 8.5% annual rate, but compounded monthly.
Bank D offers 9% annual rate, but compounded quarterly.
Bank E offers 9% annual rate and compounded annually.
If you want to invest in one of these five GICs, which bank's offer should you select to maximize the interest earned?
The highest rate of interest is provided by Bank B. Choose Bank B, which gives an 8% annual rate compounded everyday, to maximize the income earned.
When interest is compounded continuously, the formula to calculate the future value of an investment is given by:
FV = P * e^(rt)
FV stands for future value, P for principal, e for the natural logarithm's base, r for interest rate, and t for time.
For Bank A, the interest rate is 8% compounded continuously. If we plug in the values, we have:
FV = P * e^(0.08*1) = P * e^0.08
For Bank B, the interest rate is 8% compounded daily. In this case, the future value is calculated as:
FV = P * (1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where n is the number of times interest is compounded per year. Since it is compounded daily, n = 365.
FV = P * (1 + 0.08/365)^(365*1)
Likewise, you can apply the same calculation to Banks C, D, and E, modifying the interest rate and compounding frequency as necessary.
By comparing the future values of all five banks, you'll find that Bank B offers the highest interest earned.
In summary, to maximize the interest earned on a 1-year GIC, you should select Bank B, which offers an 8% annual rate compounded daily. This bank will provide the highest future value compared to the other options.
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