Answer: The bubbles formed are from oxygen gas. The reason for these results is that plants need light for photosynthesis meaning that the plants placed in the dark likely have little to none gas bubbles
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It’s due tomorrow!! Thanks
Answer:
All of these are part of the central nervous system
Explanation:
All three types of neurons—relay, motor, and sensory—are part of the central nervous system. Relay neurons carry signals from one part of the nervous system to another, motor neurons carry signals from the brain to the muscles, and sensory neurons carry signals from the senses to the brain. Together, these neurons form a complex network that allows the body to communicate with itself and the environment.
Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately, what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
a. 12
b. 31
c. It cannot be determined from the information provided.
d. 38
e. 24
In a sample of DNA from an organism, 38% of the nucleotides are made up of cytosine. Thymine will make up about 12% of the sample's nucleotides.
According to Chargaff's Rule, the amounts of guanine and cytosine should be equal in any species' or organism's DNA, and the amounts of adenine and thymine should be identical as well. A+G=T+C, or a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, should exist between the purine and pyrimidine bases. The DNA contains this pattern in both strands.
According to the first rule, a double-stranded DNA molecule possesses percentage base pair equality globally: A% = T% and G% = C%. The DNA double helix model's Watson-Crick pairs are based on the rule's thorough validation.
The second rule states that for each of the two DNA strands, both Α%≈ T% and G% ≈ C% are valid. This simply describes a general aspect of a DNA strand's base makeup.
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21.5C51 H98 06 + 145 02 ........ ....... 102 CO2 + 98 H2O The above equation shows an oxidation reaction of food substances.
a) What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient?
b) Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substances.
c) Identify the food substances.
Answer:
respiratory quotient is the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced to that of oxygen consumed
Once you enter the dissection or histology study areas for a certain body system, you need to first select a specific view, such as anterior or posterior, and then select a topic to study, for example muscles of the abdomen.a. Trueb. False
Once you enter the dissection or histology study areas for a certain body system, this statement is false.
Dissecting a dead animal or plant's body into its component parts allows scientists to better understand the anatomy. To ascertain a person's cause of death, pathologists and forensic doctors use autopsies.
Biology's field of histology, commonly referred to as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, analyses the microscopic structure of living tissues. The microscopic equivalent of gross anatomy, which examines larger structures that are visible without a microscope, is histology.
Students can better grasp cell behavior and reproduction through histology, which will make cellular biology more approachable. Students can predict and comprehend organ activity and function by learning histology because tissues are the foundation of almost everything in the body.
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crossing over is thought to be evolutionarily advantageous because it continually shuffles genetic alleles into novel combinations. it was thought that y-linked genes might degenerate because they lack homologous genes on the x chromosome with which to recombine. however, when the y chromosome was sequenced, scientists discovered that eight large regions are homologous and several genes are duplicates. explain how this might be beneficial.
Since there is only one Y chromosome in humans, any gene defects cannot be repaired during meiosis by partnering with a homologous chromosome.
In order to preserve the integrity of the chromosome, duplicate genes that are identical to one another are present.
Homologous chromosomes are those that pair with other organisms and share identical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences, lengths, locations, and centromere positions. The homologous pair's respective chromosomes come from the mother and father, respectively.
The maternal chromosome of the homologous chromosome couples with the paternal chromosome during meiosis. Genetic recombination happens when homologous chromosomes cross over with each other. Recombination produces genetic diversity as a result.
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6) unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to sea water. they are therefore considered by many to be osmoconformers because of the unusual way they maintain homeostasis. they osmoregulate by a) using their gills and kidneys to rid themselves of sea salts. b) monitoring dehydration at the cellular level with special gated aquaporins. c) tolerating high urea concentrations that balance internal salt concentrations to sea water osmolarity. d) synthesizing trimethylamine oxide, a chemical that speeds salt removal from cells. e) possessing a special adaptation that allows
Putting up with high urea levels that balance internal salt levels with sea water osmolarity.
Describe homeostasis:Homeostasis is a self-regulating process that allows an organism to retain internal stability while adapting to shifting external situations. It has emerged as the key unifying idea of physiology.
The stable internal, external, and chemical conditions that are maintained by biological systems are known as homeostasis. This is the state in which the organism is working at its best and involves maintaining a number of parameters—including body temperature and fluid balance—within predetermined ranges.
Every organ system of the body is involved in homeostasis. Similar to how no single organ system of the body functions independently, the regulation of body temperature requires at the very least the collaboration of the circulatory, neurological, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems.
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considering genetic diversity, how might the absence of sexual reproduction make this domesticated species vulnerable to infectious agents?
The absence of sexual reproduction might contribute to the vulnerability of this domesticated species to infectious agents because without sexual reproduction.
What are Infection?The population of this species would obviously stop increasing, and with infectious agents already attacking their population, without the support of sexual reproduction.
Hereditary refers to something that can or will be passed on from parents to children. Genetic variations, or variations in your DNA, may run in your family.
Health may be impacted by some. Individuals with specific genetic variations may be at an increased risk of contracting a disease compared to the general population.
Therefore, The absence of sexual reproduction might contribute to the vulnerability of this domesticated species to infectious agents because without sexual reproduction.
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Do all scientific studies start with observations that lead to questions?
It is not mandatory that all scientific studies that start with observations that lead to questions. Scientific inquiries can be carried out in many different ways.
Scientific study is the combination of scientific theory, models, experiments as well as physical situations. These are the well planned studies that can be theoretical or experimental or both. A scientific study is the subject to logic and reasoning.
Observation is the act of carefully watching out for something and collecting information and data regarding it. Observations is amongst the most essential trait for successful scientific studies. Observations require the use of all human senses.
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Recombination frequencies between 4 loci:
A & W = 15%
W & L = 35%
A & L = 15%
A & D = 20%
D & W = 5%
Explanation:
The recombination frequencies you have provided indicate the likelihood of different combinations of alleles from different loci appearing in offspring when two parents with different genotypes at those loci reproduce.
The recombination frequency of 15% between loci A and W means that 15% of the offspring will have a combination of alleles from both loci that is different from the combination present in either parent.
Similarly, 35% recombination frequency between loci W and L means that 35% of the offspring will have a combination of alleles from both loci that is different from the combination present in either parent.
A & L = 15%, A & D = 20% and D & W = 5% represents the same as above.
It's important to note that recombination frequencies are used to map the location of genes on chromosomes, and to estimate their distance to one another.
put these 4 structures in size order from largest to smallest: glucose molecule, cell, dna molecule, gene where do organisms get new dna from?
when compare to cell glucose molecule is very small as the cell contains the organelles producing glucose. when compare to gene, DNA molecule is very bigger as it contains more gene in it.
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, which have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 m. Because of their small size, ions and organic molecules that enter prokaryotes quickly diffuse to other parts of the cell. Similarly, wastes produced within a prokaryotic cell can diffuse out quickly. This is not the case in eukaryotic cells, which have evolved structural modifications to improve intracellular transport. In general, all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must be small in size. Consider a typical cell's area and volume. Not all cells have a spherical shape, but the majority do.
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A student is comparing four different types of cells and observes that one contains many more mitochondria than the others. The student should conclude that the cell with the greatest number of mitochondria is most likely which of the following? O Epidermal cellO Muscle cell O Fat cellO Sebaceous gland cell
Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria because they need the ATP they produce to contract and move bones, and therefore limbs.
What is muscle cells?When referring to either a cardiac muscle cell or a smooth muscle cell, a muscle cell is also referred to as a myocyte. A muscle fiber is a long, threadlike skeletal muscle cell with numerous nuclei. Myoblasts are embryonic precursor cells that grow into muscle cells. Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria because they need the ATP they produce to contract and move bones, and therefore limbs. Myocytes, or muscle cells, are the cells that make up muscular tissue. In the human body, there are three kinds of muscle cells: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Because of their lengthy and fibrous nature, cardiac and skeletal myocytes are commonly referred to as muscle fibers.
Here,
Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria because they need the ATP they make to contract and move bones, and therefore limbs.
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based on mendel's laws you've learned so far, why didn't the allele for yellow color show in the f1 generation?
Yellow color is a recessive trait, so it would only show in the F1 generation if both parents had the allele for yellow color.
What is Mendel's laws?Mendel's laws are the foundation of genetics. They were first proposed by the Austrian monk and scientist Gregor Mendel in 1865. Mendel's laws describe how genetic traits are passed from parent to offspring.
The first law, known as the law of segregation, states that for each inherited trait, an organism receives one variant from each of its parents, and that these variants separate during the formation of gametes, or sex cells.
The second law, the law of independent assortment, states that when different traits are inherited, the separation of one trait does not affect the separation of another. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait. Together, these laws form the basis for understanding the transmission and expression of genetic traits.
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why does the heart automatically adjust the flow of blood to match activity levels? a. extreme activity damages blood cells and the body needs replacements. b. the heart requires more oxygen when exercising. c. it reduces the level of oxygen in the blood. d. organs and muscles require mo
Because stressed organs and muscles need more blood, the heart automatically modifies the blood flow.
Blood flow to correspond with levels of activity.The effector organs of movement, the muscles, receive a proportionately greater volume of blood ejected by the heart when the organism is required to produce energy.
It makes sense that the heart would have to work harder and receive more blood.
With this knowledge, we can draw the conclusion that the heart pumps more blood to meet the organs' needs. The main organ responsible for moving blood throughout the body is the heart. By consuming more oxygen, the heart automatically modifies blood flow to correspond to activity levels.
When there is enough oxygen in the air, the heart works properly. The body needs more energy during a period of activity or exercise to meet the demands of the activity. In order to increase blood flow and meet the oxygen demand, the heart adjusts by absorbing more oxygen.
The heart distributes the proper amount of blood to the body's various organs so that no physiological issues arise.
It makes sense that the heart would have to work harder and receive more blood.
With this knowledge, we can draw the conclusion that the heart pumps more blood to meet the organs' needs.
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Choose the correct sequence of steps involved in the process of making bacterial cells competent before transformation:I. Heat shock at 42oCII. Place on iceIII. Treat bacterial cells with a compound containing divalent cationIV. Incubate bacterial cells with rDNAA.IV → I → III → II → IB.III → II → IV → I → IIC.III → IV → II → I → IID.IV → II → III → I → II
The correct sequence of steps involved in the process of making bacterial cells competent before transformation is: A. IV → I → III → II → I
The process of making bacterial cells competent includes the following steps:
Treating the bacterial cells with a compound containing divalent cation (III) which helps to open up the cell membrane, allowing foreign DNA to enter the cell.Placing the cells on ice (II) to slow down their metabolism and reduce the chances of the DNA being degradedIncubating the bacterial cells with the recombinant DNA (rDNA) (IV)Applying a heat shock at 42oC (I) helps the cells to take up the recombinant DNA.It is important to note that different bacterial species and strains may require different methods and protocols to make the cells competent, hence the sequence of steps may vary.To learn more about bacterial cells' competent before transformation at
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The scientific names of three animals leopard, wolf and lion in the family carnivora are; Panthera pardus, Canis lupas and Panthera leo respectively.
a) Why are scientific names given in Latin?
b) What does Canis refer to?
c) Giving a reason, state the organisms that are MOST closely related.
Answer:
a) Scientific names are given in Latin because Latin is a dead language and therefore does not change over time. This helps to ensure that scientists all over the world are able to communicate about the same organism using a standardized and unchanging system of naming.
b) Canis refers to the genus of the animal, in this case the wolf, which is a member of the Canidae family, which includes domestic dogs, coyotes, and jackals.
c) The organisms that are most closely related are Panthera pardus and Panthera leo, as they are both members of the Panthera genus. This is because they have a more recent common ancestor than the wolf (Canis lupus) and are more closely related on the evolutionary tree.
Explanation:
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a) Scientific names are given in Latin and other languages derived from Latin because it's a standardized language, meaning all biologist across the world can communicate and talk about organisms when everybody understands the same language.
b) Canis refers to the wolf, a genus in the canine family.
c) Panthera leo and Panthera pardus are most closely related because they are both part of the cat family, the Panthera genus.
Determine the proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait. a. 0
b. 1/16
c. 1/8
d. 3/16
e. 1/4
f. 3/8
g. 1/2
h. 3/4
b. 1/16 the proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait.
How many gene pairs are involved in cow coat colour inheritance?All cattle are black, red, or white in hue (Shorthorn type of white). Because all cattle have two fundamental colour genes, this results in six genetic combinations. (Table 1). gene for white (r), resulting in a black-colored person having one gene for black and one gene for white.
If both parents are heterozygous (Ww), any of their kids has a 75% probability of having a widow's peak (see figure). To find all potential genotypic pairings in the parents, a Punnett square might be employed. There are a few major differences in a pedigree that portrays a dominantly inherited characteristic.
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how does epigenetics (from bio, mod 14) explain how genes and the environment influence intelligence?
Epigenetics is the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without changes to DNA.
Epigenetics is the study of how a person's behavior and environment can change the genes in the body. Epigenetics is reversible, that is, it does not change the DNA sequence. However, it changes the way the body reads DNA sequences.
There are genes that most strongly affect intelligence related to epigenetics such as socio-economics and health. The magnitude of environmental influences such as socio-economic status, upbringing, lifestyle, and health on intelligence raises a new paradigm that genetic intelligence that is specifically inherited from parents can be modified by each individual.
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A biologist examines a single-celled organism isolated from a hot spring. the organism is a photosynthetic halophile that uses the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. in which kingdom should the biologist classify the organism?
A biologist studying a single-celled organism isolated from a hot spring would likely classify the organism in the kingdom Protista.
This is because the organism is a photosynthetic halophile, which means that it uses light energy to produce food and thrives in high salt environments. The use of the pigment bacteriorhodopsin also suggests that the organism is a photosynthetic organism, further supporting the classification in the Protista kingdom.
Protists are a diverse group of organisms that can be both unicellular and multicellular, and can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. The Protista kingdom encompasses a wide range of organisms, including algae, protozoa, and slime molds. The diversity within the kingdom is a reflection of the diversity of life on Earth and the many different ways in which organisms can adapt to survive in different environments.
The organism being examined by the biologist is likely a member of the phylum Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria are a type of photosynthetic bacteria that are known to thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs and salt flats. They are also known to use bacteriorhodopsin as a pigment, which helps to absorb light energy for photosynthesis. This pigments also help to survive in high salt environments.
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how does gene flow affect genotype and phenotype of a population?
Answer:
Gene flow is the movement of alleles and genes between populations, which can affect the genotype and phenotype of a population. Gene flow can occur through migration, which is the movement of individuals between populations, or through introgression, which is the movement of alleles from one population to another.
Gene flow can have a significant effect on a population's genotype and phenotype by introducing new alleles into the population, resulting in changes to the gene pool. For example, when new alleles are introduced, the frequencies of alleles in the population may change and new genetic variants may become more or less common. This can lead to changes in the population's phenotype, as the new alleles may be expressed differently than the existing alleles, leading to changes in the physical characteristics of the population. Additionally, gene flow can lead to a decrease in genetic diversity, as alleles may become fixed or lost over time.
the technique of severing the connections between the frontal lobe and the thalamus is called: question 25 options: lobotomy electroconvulsive therapy rational emotive therapy phrenology
The technique of separating the connections between the frontal lobe and the thalamus is called: lobotomy.
What is Lobotomy?A lobotomy is basically a kind of brain surgery which gained popularity as a remedy for mental health issues arround the year 1930s. lobotomy entails cutting off the frontal lobe's communication with other regions of the brain. On patients suffering from illnesses like schizophrenia and depression, doctors carried out lobotomy surgery.Frontal lobe :As the largest lobes in the human brain, similarly the frontal lobes are the most frequently damaged by traumatic brain injury. The frontal lobes are crucial for controlling higher order executive functions, expressive language, and voluntary movement of the body.
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The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely: A) cause sterility; sperm not producedB) testes migrate back into the abdominal cavity C) greatly reduce volume of semen D) cause sterility; sperm not able to exit body E) enhance fertilization potency of sperm (46-15)
The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely cause sterility; sperm not able to exit body.
Occasional mitotic figures, piling up, and slight basophilia of the hyperplastic epithelium. It is important to distinguish hyperplasia from glandular collapse secondary to reduced luminal secretion. Seminal vesicle hyperplasia in rats has been reported following exposure to methylnitrosourea in the presence of either ethinyl estradiol or testosterone.
In contrast to hyperplasia, seminal vesicle adenomas form well-delineated proliferative growths with epithelial crowding, loss of normal polarity, and compression of surrounding tissue. Hyperplasia should be diagnosed and graded. If both seminal vesicles are involved, the diagnosis should be qualified as bilateral and given a severity grade based on the more severely affected seminal vesicle.
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[Anatomy of the eye] "Sleepers" are crusty collections of tears and dust that form in the _____ ______ in the morning.
"Sleepers" are crusty collections of tears and dust that form in the eye lid in the morning.
What is a sensory system?In Medicine, a sensory system can be defined as components of the central nervous system which comprise the brain, pathways, (neural tissues) and sensory neurons that are responsible for sensory functions, observations, perception and processing of sensory information (stimulus).
What is the eye?In Science, the eye is one of the five (5) sense organs found in living organisms such as vertebrates or mammals. Additionally, the nerve cells within the eye helps a living organism to sense and transmit light, pain, and other noxious sensations to the sensory system.
In this context, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that the crusty collections of tears and dust that are formed in the eye lid in the morning are generally referred to as sleepers, eye mucus, eye boogers, or eye discharge.
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if a person drank a large quantity of hypersaline ocean water, the person could die because absorption of salt into the blood will cause it to become:
If a person drank a large quantity of hypersaline ocean water, the person could die because absorption of salt into the blood will cause it to become: hypertonic when compared to the cytosol of the body cells.
Hypertonic is the condition when the the cell or solution has high amounts of solute and less amounts of solvent when compared to another cell or solution. Hypertonicity is the most widely used phenomenon for preservation of foods.
Cytosol is the gel-like liquid present inside the cell surrounding all the cell organelles. It provides the environment for all the cell organelles to exist inside the cell and perform their functions. Cytosol is the liquid that excludes the contents of the nucleus and other cell organelles.
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Is natural selection stabilizing selection?
Natural selection on multiple-gene traits might take the form of stabilizing selection, directional selection, or disruptive selection.
Natural selection is a type of disruptive selection. Organisms with intermediate attributes will have a reduced ability for reproduction as a result of disruptive selection, whereas organisms with extreme traits will be able to enhance their rate of offspring production.
Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection in which genetic variation reduces as a population settles on a specific trait value.
Divergent natural selection is regarded as a major driving force in plant evolution, resulting in phenotypic diversity across populations utilizing different habitats.
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the rn is to administer 900,000 units penicillin im.the available drugis in a multidose 15ml vial, which contains 600,000 units/ml.how many mlshould be administered?
The RN is to administer 900,000 units of penicillin IM. The available drug is in a multidose 15ml vial containing 600,000 units/ml. 1.5 ml of medicine should be given.
To determine how many milliliters of the penicillin solution should be administered, you need to divide the total units of penicillin required (900,000 units) by the concentration of the solution (600,000 units/ml).
900,000 units / 600,000 units/ml = 1.5 ml
So, 1.5 ml of the penicillin solution should be administered.
It is important to note that this calculation is based on the assumption that the patient is able to receive the full 900,000 units of penicillin as prescribed. The healthcare provider should also consider other factors such as the patient's allergies, medical history, and other medications before administering any medications.
Also, it is important to verify the concentration of medication and the expiration date of the vial before administering any medication.
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how would you determine whether the curl allele is dominant or recessive? how would you determine whether the curl allele is dominant or recessive? matings of the original mutant cat with true-breeding noncurl cats will produce both curl and noncurl f1 offspring if the curl allele is recessive, but only noncurl offspring if the curl allele is dominant. the allele can only be determined by methods of molecular genetics. matings of the original mutant cat with true-breeding noncurl cats will produce both curl and noncurl f1 offspring if the curl allele is dominant, but only noncurl offspring if the curl allele is recessive. matings of the original mutant cat with true-breeding noncurl cats will produce only curl f1 offspring if the curl allele is dominant, but both curl and noncurl offspring if the curl allele is recessive.
The right answer is A) If the curl allele is recessive, matings between the original mutant cat and true-breeding noncurl cats will result in both curl and noncurl f1 offspring.
If the curl allele is dominant, matings of the original mutant cat with true-breeding noncurl cats will result in both curl and noncurl F1 offspring; if the curl allele is recessive, only noncurl offspring will be produced. No matter if the curl trait is dominant or recessive, matings between the F1 cats resulting from the initial curl noncurl crosses would result in some true-breeding offspring homozygous for the curl allele. When only curl c curl offspring are born from a mating, you can tell that cats are true breeders.
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a teacher rolls a six-sided number cube to determine which group of students will make a presentation. what is the theoretical probability that the teacher will roll the number 4?
Answer:
A six-sided number cube has six equally likely outcomes, numbered 1 through 6. Therefore, the theoretical probability of rolling a specific number, such as 4, is 1/6 or approximately 0.1667. This means that if the cube is rolled many times, the number 4 would be expected to come up approximately 1/6 of the time.
Explanation:
Which of these would likely be the most immediate result if oxygen levels in the Bay decreased by 90%
If oxygen levels in the Bay dropped by 90%, the most obvious effect would probably be a decline in fish numbers.
All of the Chesapeake Bay's living things, including the fish, crabs, and worms that burrow into the muddy bottom, require oxygen to thrive just like people do. The majority of scientists concur that dissolved oxygen levels in the Bay must be at least 5.0 mg/L for organisms to survive and grow. However, an animal's oxygen requirements vary based on its size, complexity, and environment.
Worms and clams require dissolved oxygen concentrations of at least 1 mg/L to survive in the muddy bottom of the Bay, where oxygen levels are naturally low.
Dissolved oxygen requirements for bottom-dwelling fish, crabs, and oysters are 3 mg/L or higher.
Migratory fish that are spawning, along with their eggs and larvae, require up to 6 mg/L throughout these delicate life stages.
More oxygen can be held in water the colder it gets. The amount of oxygen that may dissolve in the water decreases as it gets warmer. Salinity plays a significant role in determining the volume of oxygen that a body of water can contain, with fresh water having a higher capacity.
When there are excessive amounts of bacteria or algae in the water, oxygen levels may also be diminished. Once the algae have completed their life cycle and have passed away, bacteria eat them. The bacteria also ingest the oxygen dissolved in the water during this process of decomposition. This can result in lower physiologically accessible oxygen levels, which, in some situations, can cause fish deaths and the demise of other aquatic species.
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What are 4 examples of environmental influences?
The 4 examples of environmental influences are temperature, pollution, parasites, and poor infrastructure.
The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. One of the most widespread and significant physical elements in an organism's surroundings is temperature. It is a gauge for the typical speed of atoms and molecules moving at random; the greater the temperature, the quicker the action.
Environmental toxins can contribute to conditions like cancer, and lung diseases. Individuals with less income are mainly to reside in contaminated locations and have access to contaminated water. Pollution greatly affects to those who have a weaker immune system, or pregnant women, kinds, and aged people.
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Compare and contrast purebred and crossbred breeding options. Include the advantages and disadvantages of each breeding system. Also include the different types and kinds of each system.
*Not Bio. Food Animal Science.
Need ASAP
Purebred breeding refers to the mating of two individuals that are homozygous for a specific trait or set of traits. This means that both parents are of the same breed and possess the same genetic characteristics. The offspring produced from purebred breeding will be genetically identical to the parents, which allows for consistent and predictable traits such as size, growth rate, and meat quality.
Crossbreeding, on the other hand, refers to the mating of two individuals that are of different breeds or genetic lines. This results in offspring that possess a combination of the traits of both parents, which can lead to increased genetic diversity and hybrid vigor. Hybrid vigor refers to the improved performance of the offspring compared to the average of the performance of the parents. This can result in improved growth rate, feed efficiency, and disease resistance.What are their advantages and disadvantages?Purebred breeding has advantages such as predictability, consistency, and uniformity in traits, making it easier to select for specific characteristics. Also, it can be useful for preserving specific breeds or genetic lines.
Crossbreeding has advantages such as increased genetic diversity, hybrid vigor, and improved performance in traits. Also, it allows to take advantage of the best traits from different breeds.
It is important to note that different types of crossbreeding systems exist, such as rotational crossbreeding, terminal crossbreeding and backcrossing. Rotational crossbreeding refers to a system in which different breeds are used in succession, while terminal crossbreeding refers to a system in which a specific breed is used as the terminal sire. Backcrossing refers to the mating of a crossbred animal with one of its purebred parents.
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