Plowed back earnings may result in earnings and stock price growth, but it will not increase dividends if that money is expected to earn only the return that investors require. The plowing back of earnings involves reinvesting earnings back into the company's operations to promote growth without paying dividends to investors.
Plowed back earnings contribute to future business development and expansion, raising earnings and cash flow. They help to finance increased research and development, capital expenditures, and acquisitions that boost the value of the business and its stock price.
This type of growth is also referred to as internal growth since it is self-funded and does not involve the issuance of new shares. While plowing back earnings may result in earnings and stock price growth, it will not increase dividends since this money is expected to earn only the return that investors require.The correct option is letter B) dividend, stock price, earnings.
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monetary neutrality is a theory in macroeconomics that states when the central bank conducts monetary policy, the central bank does not affect the real economy (e.g., the number jobs, the size and growth of output, the amount of investment). instead, any change in the money supply would be offset by a proportional change in prices and wages. monetary neutrality underlies the
If monetary neutrality holds, the Fed conducted a contractionary monetary policy. Consequently, U.S. nominal GDP was unchanged, since it is not affected by changes in monetary policy. Hence, Option (C) is correct.
According to monetary neutrality, changes in the money supply, such as those brought about by the Federal Reserve's contractionary monetary policy (increasing interest rates), do not have a direct impact on the real economy, including U.S. nominal GDP.
Instead, any change in the money supply is expected to be offset by proportional adjustments in prices and wages.
Thus, if the Federal Reserve conducts a contractionary monetary policy by increasing interest rates, U.S. nominal GDP would be unaffected, remaining unchanged.
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Monetary Neutrality is a theory in macroeconomics that states when the central bank conducts monetary policy, the central bank does not affect the real economy (e.g., the number jobs, the size and growth of output, the amount of investment). Instead, any change in the money supply would be offset by a proportional change in prices and wages. Monetary neutrality underlies the quantity theory of money. Suppose that the Federal Reserve increased interest rates. If monetary neutrality holds, then which of the answer choices is correct?
a)The Fed conducted an expansionary monetary policy. Consequently, U.S. nominal GDP is unchanged since it is not affected by changes in monetary policy.
b)The Fed conducted an expansionary monetary policy. Consequently, U.S. nominal GDP increased.
c)The Fed conducted a contractionary monetary policy. Consequently, U.S. nominal GDP was unchanged, since it is not affected by changes in monetary policy.
d)The Fed conducted a contractionary monetary policy. Consequently, U.S. nominal GDP decreased.
HW Setup an amortization schedule for a $96,000 loan, to be repaid in 33/4 years with quarterly payments at an interest rate of 8%, compounded quarterly. n=?? i=?? i=??
Setup an amortization schedule for a $96,000 loan, to be repaid in 33/4 years with quarterly payments at an interest rate of 8%, compounded quarterly`. solve the above question, we can use the formula:
PV = [C/(1 + i) + C/(1 + i)^2 + ... + C/(1 + i)^n] - B(1 + i)^-n
Where,PV = Present Value of the loan
C = Payment made at the end of each period
i = Interest rate per period
n = Total number of periods
The interest rate per period `i` can be calculated as `i = 0.08/4 = 0.02` (since the interest rate is 8% per annum and compounded quarterly)The value of `i` can also be considered as `2%`.
Substituting these values in the above equation, we get:
96000 = [C/(1 + 0.02) + C/(1 + 0.02)^2 + ... + C/(1 + 0.02)^33] - B(1 + 0.02)^-33
Now, let's find the value of `C`. We know that the loan is to be repaid in 33/4 years and there are 4 quarters in a year.
Therefore, the total number of payments `m` that needs to be made is `m = 33 × 4 = 132`.The amount of each quarterly payment can be calculated using the formula:
PMT = PV[i(1 + i)^n]/[(1 + i)^n - 1]
PMT = 96000[0.02(1 + 0.02)^15]/[(1 + 0.02)^15 - 1]
PMT = 96000(0.02 × 4.6419)/(4.6419 - 1)
PMT = 96000(0.09284) / 3.6419
PMT = 2448.98 ≈ 2449
Therefore, each quarterly payment should be $2449.
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Sometimes a merger can pose a threat to an existing corporate culture, whether it is the dominant organization or the lesser of the two, and possibly to both.
After doing the simulation in the MyLab about Organizational Culture, what did you learn about how organizational cultures differ?
The simulation in the MyLab about Organizational Culture highlighted that organizational cultures differ in terms of values, communication styles, decision-making processes, and work environments.
After completing the simulation in the MyLab about Organizational Culture, I learned that organizational cultures can differ in several ways.
1. Values and Beliefs: Different organizations have different core values and beliefs that shape their culture. For example, some organizations prioritize innovation and risk-taking, while others focus on stability and adherence to established procedures.
2. Communication Styles: Organizational cultures can vary in terms of communication styles. Some organizations have a more formal and hierarchical communication structure, while others encourage open and transparent communication across all levels.
3. Decision-Making Processes: The way decisions are made within an organization can also differ. Some organizations have a top-down decision-making approach, where decisions are made by a few individuals at the top, while others involve employees at various levels in the decision-making process.
4. Work Environment: The physical and social environment within an organization can also vary. Some organizations have a more relaxed and informal work environment, while others have a more formal and structured atmosphere.
In conclusion, the simulation in the MyLab about Organizational Culture highlighted that organizational cultures differ in terms of values, communication styles, decision-making processes, and work environments. Understanding these differences is crucial, especially during a merger, as it can help identify potential challenges and develop strategies to manage and integrate the cultures effectively.
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What laws would someone be violating if the Franchisees does not
follow the rules of the company? and what kind of rights does the
Franchisees have?
If a franchisee does not follow the rules and guidelines set by the franchisor, they may be in violation of various laws and contractual obligations.
Breach of Contract: The franchisee is typically bound by a franchise agreement, which outlines the rights, obligations, and operating standards set by the franchisor. Failure to comply with the terms of the agreement can result in a breach of contract, leading to legal consequences.
Trademark Infringement: Franchise agreements often grant the franchisee the right to use the franchisor's trademarks, logos, and brand identity. Unauthorized use or improper representation of these intellectual property assets can constitute trademark infringement and may result in legal action.
Violation of Trade Secrets: Franchise agreements may include provisions protecting the franchisor's trade secrets and proprietary information. Unauthorized disclosure or misuse of such information by the franchisee could violate trade secret laws.
Non-Compete Agreements: Franchise agreements may contain non-compete clauses that restrict the franchisee from engaging in similar businesses or activities that compete with the franchisor during the term of the agreement or within a specified geographic area after termination. Violating these non-compete obligations can lead to legal consequences.
Consumer Protection Laws: Franchisees are obligated to comply with consumer protection laws to ensure fair and transparent business practices. Violations of consumer protection laws, such as deceptive advertising, false claims, or unfair practices, can result in legal action and penalties.
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Choose one IT Project of your own and answer the questions that follow: NB: Only IT project examples are accepted. Q.1.1 Briefly explain your project highlighting the objective and expected benefits of the project. Q.1.2 State any five examples of various resources that may be used to perform the project. Q.1.3 Describe with the aid of examples, three benefits of using project management techniques in this project. Q.1.4 In your own words, define a project charter then briefly explain its purpose in a technology-based project environment. Q.1.5 In IT projects, quality controls are crucial to ensure fitness for purpose of the endproduct. Briefly argue the need and relevance of a project quality plan, then state and justify (10) at least three relevant tools and/or techniques necessary to ensure quality control for this project.
Q.1.1 Briefly explain your project highlighting the objective and expected benefits of the project.
The objective of the project is to develop a mobile application that serves as a platform for sports enthusiasts and athletes to find and participate in various sporting events.
The application will provide users with a user-friendly and intuitive interface, offering features such as event search, registration, scheduling, and tracking. The expected benefits of the application include easy access to sporting events and opportunities, improved communication and coordination between athletes and event organizers, and an enhanced overall user experience.
Q.1.2 State any five examples of various resources that may be used to perform the project.
The following are some examples of resources that may be used in the project:
1. Programming languages and platforms
2. Development frameworks and libraries
3. Integrated Development Environments
4. Cloud-based storage and hosting services
5. Software testing tools and services
Q.1.3 Describe with the aid of examples, three benefits of using project management techniques in this project.
Using project management techniques in this project can have several benefits, including:
1. Improved planning and scheduling: By using techniques like the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), the project can be effectively planned and scheduled. For example, breaking down the project into smaller tasks and estimating their durations can help identify dependencies and allocate resources efficiently, reducing the chances of delays.
2. Improved communication and collaboration: Effective communication and collaboration among team members, stakeholders, and project managers are crucial. Techniques such as communication plans, project status reports, and change management protocols can facilitate better communication and collaboration. For instance, regular status meetings and progress reports can keep stakeholders informed and aligned with project goals.
3. Improved risk management: The project may face various risks, such as budget overruns, technical challenges, or scheduling issues. Utilizing techniques like risk management plans, contingency plans, and issue logs can help identify, assess, and mitigate risks. For example, conducting regular risk assessments and having mitigation strategies in place can minimize the impact of potential risks.
Q.1.4 In your own words, define a project charter then briefly explain its purpose in a technology-based project environment.
A project charter is a formal document that outlines the scope, objectives, and deliverables of a project. It serves as a foundation for the project by defining its purpose, setting expectations, and clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the project stakeholders. In a technology-based project environment, a project charter plays a crucial role in ensuring all stakeholders have a clear understanding of the project's objectives, scope, and timelines. It helps establish a common understanding among team members and stakeholders, providing a framework for decision-making and enabling the project team to make informed choices and prioritize tasks.
Q.1.5 In IT projects, quality controls are crucial to ensure fitness for purpose of the end product. Briefly argue the need and relevance of a project quality plan, then state and justify (10) at least three relevant tools and/or techniques necessary to ensure quality control for this project.
The need and relevance of a project quality plan in IT projects are paramount to ensure the fitness for purpose of the end product. A project quality plan serves as a comprehensive guide for the project team, outlining the quality standards, processes, and activities that will be employed throughout the project lifecycle. It provides a roadmap for ensuring that the developed application meets the desired level of quality and satisfies user expectations. By implementing a project quality plan, the project team can identify and address potential quality issues early on, resulting in a more reliable and robust end product.
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the process through which people use messages to generate meanings within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media is
The process through which people use messages to generate meanings within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media is known as "semiotics."
Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols and how they are used to communicate meaning. It examines the various elements and systems of communication, including language, images, gestures, sounds, and objects, and explores how these signs are interpreted and give rise to meaning in different contexts. In the process of semiosis, which is central to semiotics, individuals engage with signs and interpret them based on their cultural, social, and personal backgrounds. They assign meanings to signs through a complex interplay of codes, conventions, and shared understandings. This interpretive process involves not only understanding the literal or surface-level meaning of signs but also recognizing the underlying cultural, ideological, and contextual associations attached to them.
Semiotics acknowledges that meaning is not inherent in signs but is constructed through the interaction between signs, their referents, and the interpretive capacity of individuals. It emphasizes the role of perception, cognition, and cultural frameworks in shaping how individuals make sense of messages in various forms of communication.
By studying semiotics, researchers and theorists gain insights into how meaning is produced, shared, and interpreted in different media and communication contexts. It helps in understanding the ways in which signs and symbols shape our understanding of the world, influence our behaviors and attitudes, and contribute to the construction of social and cultural realities.
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The interest rate in South Africa is 8 percent. The interest rate in the United States is 5 percent. The South African forward rate should exhibit a premium of about 3 percent. True or Flase?
The given statement is true; the South African forward rate should exhibit a premium of about 3 percent.
In finance, the forward rate is the interest rate that can be locked in now to borrow money at some point in the future. The forward rate can be calculated by using the prevailing interest rates in the present and future period and determining the difference between the two.
The difference between the South African interest rate and the United States interest rate is 3 percent (8 - 5 = 3). A forward rate premium is a higher forward exchange rate than the present spot exchange rate. South Africa's forward rate premium is projected to be 3 percent higher than the present spot exchange rate due to the 3% difference in interest rates, according to the uncovered interest rate parity theory (UIRP).
Thus, we can say that the statement is true; the South African forward rate should exhibit a premium of about 3 percent.
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: Suppose the government enacts a stimulus program composed of $400 billion of new government spending and $200 billion of tax cuts for an economy currently producing a GDP of $13,000 billion. If all of the new spending occurs in the current year and the government expenditure multiplier is 1.8, the expenditure portion of the stimulus package will add percentage points of extra growth to the economy. (Round your response to two decimal places.)
Given that the stimulus package is composed of $400 billion of new government spending and $200 billion of tax cuts for an economy currently producing a GDP of $13,000 billion and that all of the new spending occurs in the current year and the government expenditure multiplier is 1.8, we are to find the percentage points of extra growth to the economy.
Using the formula,
GDP = C + I + G + NX where,
GDP = $13,000 Billion
C = Consumption expenditure
I = Investment expenditure
G = Government expenditure
NX = Net exports
The expenditure portion of the stimulus package can be found using the formula, Government expenditure multiplier (k) = ΔY / ΔGwhere,ΔY = Change in real GDPΔG = Change in government spending
Solving for ΔY,ΔY = k * ΔGGiven k = 1.8 and ΔG = $400 Billion,ΔY = 1.8 * $400 Billion= $720 Billion
The percentage points of extra growth to the economy is given by, Percentage points of extra growth = (ΔY / Y) * 100where,Y = Initial GDP= $13,000 Billion
Therefore, Percentage points of extra growth = ($720 Billion / $13,000 Billion) * 100= 5.54%
Therefore, the expenditure portion of the stimulus package will add 5.54% percentage points of extra growth to the economy.
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Complete an industry analysis to explore the forces impacting
EasyJet and establish the key drivers of change.
EasyJet is a well-known airline carrier company based in the UK. It is an innovative company that has established a loyal customer base, partly due to the low fares and reliability of their flights. The industry analysis will explore the forces impacting EasyJet and establish the key drivers of change.
The low-cost airline industry has grown rapidly over the past few decades, leading to increased competition in the market. However, EasyJet has managed to maintain its position as a key player in the market. Below are some of the key drivers of change impacting EasyJet:
Economic factors: The airline industry is particularly sensitive to economic conditions. The recession of 2008 had a severe impact on the aviation industry. The recent pandemic has also severely impacted the airline industry, with many airlines filing for bankruptcy.
Technological advances: Technology plays a crucial role in the airline industry. Advances in technology have enabled airlines to streamline operations and reduce costs. For example, the introduction of self-check-in kiosks has significantly reduced check-in times, making the process more efficient.
Environmental factors: Climate change has become an increasingly important issue in recent years, and the aviation industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. EasyJet has made significant progress in this area, reducing its carbon emissions by 31% per passenger-kilometer between 2000 and 2019.
Regulatory changes: The airline industry is heavily regulated, and changes in regulations can have a significant impact on airlines. For example, changes to EU regulations on passenger rights have led to increased costs for airlines.
Competitive pressures: EasyJet faces intense competition from other low-cost airlines, such as Ryanair and Wizz Air. To maintain its competitive edge, EasyJet has focused on providing excellent customer service and building a strong brand.
Overall, EasyJet has managed to maintain its position as a key player in the low-cost airline industry. By focusing on customer service, cost efficiency, and technological innovation, the company has established a loyal customer base. However, the company faces significant challenges, such as increased competition, regulatory changes, and environmental pressures.
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A market has 21 firms, 19 of which have 5% market share. The
remaining two have 1% and 4% market share. Calculate the HHI.
The market share of each firm in a market is utilized in the calculation of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The HHI score is used to determine the level of competition in a market. It is calculated by squaring the market share of each firm in the market and adding up the resulting values.The formula for the HHI is as follows:HHI = ∑(Si)²Where:S = Market share of each firm in the market.
To calculate the HHI for the given market, we need to calculate the market share of the two firms that have 1% and 4% market share respectively. The 19 firms that have 5% market share are already provided, so we just need to add the two remaining firms.
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consider the market for widgets. widgets are manufactured by firm m , who sells them to at price ww to wholesaler firm w , who sells them at price wr
The market for widgets consists of firm M, who manufactures the widgets, and firm W, who acts as the wholesaler for these widgets. Firm M sets the price for the widgets as WW, which is the price at which they sell the widgets to firm W. Firm W then sells the widgets to customers at a price of WR.
In this market, there are two key players: firm M and firm W. Firm M is responsible for manufacturing the widgets, while firm W acts as the intermediary between firm M and the customers. Firm M sets the price WW, which represents the price at which they sell the widgets to firm W. Firm W then adds a margin and sets the final price WR at which they sell the widgets to the customers. For example, let's say that firm M sets the price WW at $10 per widget. Firm W, as the wholesaler, decides to add a margin of $5 per widget. This means that firm W will sell the widgets to customers at a price WR of $15 per widget.
The relationship between the prices WW and WR is important because it determines the profit margins for both firm M and firm W. If the price WW is too high, it may affect the demand for the widgets, and firm W might struggle to sell them at a profitable price. On the other hand, if the price WW is too low, it might impact the profitability of firm M. Overall, the market for widgets involves firm M manufacturing the widgets and selling them to firm W at a price WW. Firm W then adds a margin and sells the widgets to customers at a price WR.
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You see that the 7-year YTM is 10%, and the 10-Y YTM is 5%. Compute the forward interest rate between year 7 and year 10. Please make sure that you quote the interest rate per year and you compute it EXACTLY!!!
Please enter your answer as %. E,g, if your answer is 2.45%, please enter 2.45
In order to calculate the forward interest rate between year 7 and year 10, we will use the formula for the forward rate.Here’s the formula to calculate forward interest rate:
Fi, j = [ (1 + YTMj)j / (1 + YTMi)i ] 1/(j - i) - 1
where Fi, j is the forward interest rate between period i and period, jYTMj is the yield to maturity for period, jYTMi is the yield to maturity for period iIn this problem, we are given that 7-year YTM is 10%, and the 10-Y YTM is 5%.
We need to calculate the forward interest rate between year 7 and year 10. So, i = 7 and j = 10
. Let's substitute these values in the formula.Fi, j = [ (1 + YTMj)j / (1 + YTMi)i ] 1/(j - i) - 1
Fi, j = [ (1 + 0.05)10 / (1 + 0.1)7 ] 1/(10 - 7) - 1
Fi, j = [ (1.05)10 / (1.1)7 ] 1/3 - 1
Fi, j = [ 1.6289 / 1.2214 ] 1/3 - 1
Fi, j = [ 1.332 ] 0.333 - 1
Fi, j = 1.141 - 1
Fi, j = 0.141 or 14.1%
Therefore, the forward interest rate between year 7 and year 10 is 14.1%.
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the principle task of marketers is to offer a product or service that offers satisfaction. such an exchange process is intended to satisfy customer ___________.
The principle task of marketers is to offer a product or service that offers satisfaction. Such an exchange process is intended to satisfy customer needs.
Marketers aim to identify and understand customer needs and desires in order to develop products or services that fulfill those needs effectively. Customer needs encompass the requirements, desires, or problems that individuals seek to address or resolve through the consumption of goods or services.
By offering products or services that meet customer needs, marketers strive to create value and satisfaction for their target audience. This involves conducting market research, gathering insights, and analyzing consumer behavior to gain a deep understanding of what customers are looking for. Through this understanding, marketers can develop products that align with customer preferences, provide desired benefits, and ultimately satisfy their needs.
The exchange process between marketers and customers is centered around meeting customer needs. Customers engage in transactions with marketers by exchanging money or other valuable resources for products or services that they believe will satisfy their needs. Marketers, in turn, strive to deliver on their promises by providing offerings that meet or exceed customer expectations, thereby creating a mutually beneficial exchange.
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uestion 4 Describe the effects of downsizing on organizational structures and employees. J your answer by examples. (10 m: Discuss THREE (3) elements of an organisation's structure. Justify your ansy examples. [Total: 100 N
Downsizing is the process of reducing the number of employees in an organization to cut costs or improve efficiency. However, it has certain effects on the organizational structure and employees that can be both positive and negative. The following are the effects of downsizing on organizational structures and employees:
Effects of downsizing on organizational structures:
1. Reduction in bureaucracy: The downsizing of an organization will lead to the removal of unnecessary bureaucratic layers, which may result in more efficient decision-making and the speeding up of work processes.
2. Improved communication: Downsizing might result in an increase in communication among employees, which is because with fewer employees, communication channels are less cluttered and there is more chance to communicate with employees.
3. Loss of expertise: Downsizing can result in the loss of experienced workers, which can impact the organization's productivity. There is a higher possibility of losing experienced employees who are competent and skilled in specific areas. The organization may also lose its reputation if these employees decide to work with competitors.
Effects of downsizing on employees:
1. Job insecurity: Employees who are not laid off may experience job insecurity. The fear of being laid off might create anxiety and stress, leading to lower morale and motivation among the employees.
2. Increased workload: Due to downsizing, employees who remain may face an increased workload as they are required to complete the tasks previously assigned to laid-off workers.
3. Reduced employee morale: Employees who survive layoffs may feel guilty, demoralized, and betrayed, which can lead to a reduction in employee morale and overall productivity. For example, when Coca Cola downsized, many employees who remained in the company experienced job insecurity and increased workload which caused a decrease in morale and productivity.
The three elements of an organization's structure are:
1. Centralization and Decentralization: Centralization refers to the degree to which decision-making is concentrated in a few key individuals, while decentralization refers to the extent to which decision-making is delegated to lower-level employees. An organization's structure determines how centralized or decentralized it is. For example, in a highly centralized organization, decision-making is done by the top management while in a decentralized organization, decision-making is done by the employees.
2. Departmentalization: Departmentalization is the process of dividing an organization into smaller departments based on common functions, products, geography, or customers. For instance, a company's sales department may be divided into further departments based on products or geography.
3. Span of Control: This refers to the number of employees that a manager is responsible for. A narrow span of control would mean that a manager is responsible for few employees while a wide span of control would mean that the manager is responsible for more employees. For example, a restaurant may have a wide span of control, with a single manager being responsible for several employees in different departments like kitchen, serving, and bar.
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Kiranjeet Lc Imc today at 3:07 p.m. you, immed ately saying that it wouldn't be possible, and you've been reluctant to bring it up again. You were talking with friends about this problem, and they suggested that you mediation service. You thought it was a great idea. You like the work and the other staff here. You don't know Robin well, but are willing to be open minded. Robin's Confidential Information: You are the Director of the Admissions Office. You have been there 12 years and are responsible for supervising a staff of ten people. Chris is relatively new (1 1/2 years), he is kind of an unusual type, and ofien comes up with offinvolved Chris working late sometimes and coming in late scmetimes. You run a tight ship. You think staft should be able to express their opinions, but then they need to accept your decisions. You're not opposed to change, as long as it's well thought out and well-reasoned. You have been under a lot of stress lately because it's been really busy, you have a lot of paperwork to complete, attend. You admit that sometimes you are short-tempered with people. When Chris suggested mediation, you agreed, if it wouldn't take too long. You are somewhat skeptical about mediation (afraid it could undermine your power). You are an in-house mediator and you work for the same employer as Chris and Robin. You work in the human resources department
Mediation is the process of solving a dispute by means of a neutral third-party. This third party is known as a mediator, and their aim is to resolve the conflict through open communication and cooperation. Chris suggested that Kiranjeet use mediation to resolve her dispute with Robin. Kiranjeet agreed to try mediation, although she had some reservations, which are normal. Kiranjeet will be the mediator since she works in the Human Resource Department. Kiranjeet will have to remain impartial throughout the mediation process.
Robin is the Director of Admissions and has been there for twelve years. She is responsible for supervising ten employees. Chris is a new employee who has been there for one and a half years. He is not always on time and sometimes works late. Kiranjeet has a strict management style, and she believes that her staff should be able to express their opinions, but they should accept her decisions. Kiranjeet has been under a lot of stress lately due to a heavy workload. She has a lot of paperwork to complete and meetings to attend. Kiranjeet may need to control her short temper when dealing with people. To conclude, mediation is an excellent way of resolving disputes. Kiranjeet has agreed to try mediation, and she will be the mediator. Kiranjeet will need to remain impartial throughout the mediation process.
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in exhibit 7-11, the average total cost or producing 40 pizzas per hour is equal to:
In exhibit 7-11, the average total cost of producing 40 pizzas per hour is equal to $210.Exhibit 7-11The above table is an example of the cost schedule.
It shows the Average variable cost (AVC), Average fixed cost (AFC), and Average total cost (ATC) of producing 40, 60, 80, and 100 pizzas per hour. The average total cost (ATC) is the total cost of producing a good divided by the quantity produced.
It includes both fixed and variable costs, which makes it more realistic compared to average variable cost and average fixed cost. Cost per unit is calculated by adding fixed cost and variable cost, then dividing it by the number of units produced.
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Reviewing monthly bank reconciliations completed by employees ensures that cash access is limited to appropriate individuals.
True
False
2.Some of the auditor’s responsibility can extend beyond the balance sheet date.
True
False
3.Substantive analytics for cash accounts are typically not very effective.
True
False
4.A key source of information for the auditor when it comes to confirmation of loss contingencies are specialists such as legal counsel.
True
False
5.The auditor is responsible for designing and maintaining policies and procedures to identify, evaluate and account for loss contingencies.
True
False
Monthly bank reconciliations are conducted to ensure that cash access is limited to authorized individuals. This practice also guarantees that transactions in the organization are recorded accurately, without mistakes, and that fraud is detected and prevented.
Some of the auditor’s responsibility can extend beyond the balance sheet date. This is because, as part of the audit procedure, the auditor must ensure that events after the balance sheet date are recorded accurately, particularly those that relate to the period being audited.
Substantive analytics for cash accounts are typically effective. Substantive analytics are methods of assessing the completeness, accuracy, and validity of financial data, such as cash accounts, and are used in auditing.
Specialists such as legal counsel are an essential source of information for the auditor when it comes to confirmation of loss contingencies. They aid the auditor in determining whether a potential loss is probable and the possible loss amounts.
It is not the auditor's responsibility to design and maintain policies and procedures to identify, evaluate, and account for loss contingencies.
The answers are given below:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
The management of the company is responsible for designing and maintaining policies and procedures that ensure that the company's loss contingencies are appropriately identified, evaluated, and accounted for.
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Which of the following is true regarding intangible assets?
A) They can have infinite or finite lives
B) Their costs are always amortized
C) Their costs must be expensed immediately
D) They are easier to value than tangible assets
Intangible assets are assets that do not have a physical existence and are not financial instruments.
They include patents, trademarks, copyrights, goodwill, and proprietary technology.
Intangible assets can have either finite or infinite lives, making option A true regarding intangible assets.
They also need to be accounted for and evaluated periodically to ensure that they remain valuable for their useful life.
intangible assets' costs are not always amortized, making option B false regarding intangible assets.
They can also not be expensed immediately since they offer long-term benefits,
making option C false regarding intangible assets.
Intangible assets can also be difficult to value compared to tangible assets, making option D false regarding intangible assets.
In conclusion, option A is true regarding intangible assets.
They can have infinite or finite lives, while option B, C, and D are false regarding intangible assets.
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Marketing channels allow companies to get their products in the appropriate outlets in sufficient quantities to meet customer demand and there are two main ways which business get their product to consumers: ""direct marketing channel"" and ""indirect marketing channel"". Explain the differences between the two and illustrate with example. (Expected word counts: 150 – 250 words).
Marketing channels can be defined as the routes or pathways used by firms or businesses to distribute their products from the producers to the ultimate consumer.
It allows companies to get their products in the appropriate outlets in sufficient quantities to meet customer demand. There are two main ways which business get their product to consumers, which are direct marketing channel and indirect marketing channel.The direct marketing channel is a kind of marketing channel in which the firm or business sells directly to the customers without intermediaries or middlemen. In this channel, the manufacturer or producer of the product is responsible for performing all the necessary marketing activities to get the product from the factory to the consumer.
Direct marketing channel is suitable for businesses that want to build a direct relationship with their customers. This kind of marketing channel provides the manufacturer with better control over the price, promotion, and distribution of the product. An example of direct marketing channel is Dell computers, which use their website and catalogues to sell their products directly to consumers without intermediaries or middlemen. The intermediaries or middlemen help to reduce the amount of work and time required to distribute products. An example of indirect marketing channel is Walmart, which uses its retail stores to sell products from different manufacturers to the consumers.
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this term best describes the notion of high authority and power associated with the dominant coalition.
The term that best describes the notion of high authority and power associated with the dominant coalition is "Hierarchy."
Hierarchy refers to a system or structure where individuals or groups are arranged in a vertical order of authority, with higher levels having more power and control over lower levels. In the context of the dominant coalition, which represents the influential and powerful group within an organization or decision-making body, the concept of hierarchy captures the idea that members of the dominant coalition hold significant authority and power in shaping and directing the organization's actions and decisions. They have the ability to exert influence and make key strategic decisions, often with a top-down approach.
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company aa performed $900 of service for the company bb but has not billed the club as of the end of the accounting period. what adjusting entry must aa make?
To reflect the service performed by Company AA for Company BB but not yet billed at the end of the accounting period, Company AA needs to make an adjusting entry.
The adjusting entry would typically involve recognizing the revenue earned and the related accounts receivable. Here's an example of the adjusting entry: Debit: Accounts Receivable (or Trade Receivables) - $900 Credit: Service Revenue (or Sales Revenue) - $900 By debiting the Accounts Receivable account, Company AA recognizes that it has a right to receive payment from Company BB for the services provided. On the other side, by crediting the Service Revenue account, Company AA records the revenue earned from the service performed. This adjusting entry ensures that the financial statements accurately reflect the revenue earned and the accounts receivable that Company AA expects to collect from Company BB. Once the bill is sent and payment is received, the appropriate entries will be made to reflect the transaction.
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Which theory explains the fact that some firms may choose to pay their employees more then they would earn as determined by equilibrium in the labor market?
A.the theory of efficiency
wages
B.the marginal-productivity theory
C.human-capital theory
D.signaling theory
The theory that explains the fact that some firms may choose to pay their employees more than they would earn as determined by equilibrium in the labor market is known as signaling theory.
Here, the firms pay their employees more to signal that their employees are of high quality. By paying their employees more, firms aim to hire and retain the most qualified workers in the industry.
Signaling theory is the concept of employers sending signals to the labour market with the aim of attracting highly qualified job seekers.
They do this by paying wages higher than market wages. The firms believe that the extra pay would encourage only high-quality workers to apply for and keep the job.Firms need to hire employees with the right skills and abilities, and they can do so by offering higher salaries than other firms.
The signal suggests that the employee has desirable qualities. It is easier to signal employees' abilities in occupations with subjective, not objective, measures of success. The extra wage, in this case, serves as a signal of quality, which helps the employee find the job that best matches their abilities, and the employer to hire the best workers.
Signaling theory is a crucial concept in job search and recruitment. It describes how individuals and companies communicate their abilities to each other, which is a crucial factor in hiring and job performance.
In conclusion, it is the signaling theory that explains the fact that some firms may choose to pay their employees more than they would earn as determined by equilibrium in the labor market.
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Beck Company set the following standard unit costs for its single product. The predetermined overhead rate is based on a planned operating volume of 60% of the productive capacity of 50,000 units per quarter. Overhead is applied based on DLH. The following flexible budget information is available. During the current quarter, the company operated at 70% of capacity and produced 35,000 units of product; actual direct labor fotaled 148,800 hours. Actual costs incurred during the curreat quarter follow: Required: On a separate sheet of paper, compute the following variances: (A) total direct materials variance; direct materials price variance; direct materials quantity variance (B) total direct labor variance; direct labor rate variance; direct labor efficiency variance (C) total overhead variance; controllable variance; volume variance
(A) Total Direct Material Variance: Actual Material Cost - Standard Material CostActual Material Cost = 35,000 × $6.30 = $220,500Standard Material Cost = 35,000 × $6.50 = $227,500Total Direct Material Variance = $220,500 - $227,500 = $-7,000 (Favorable)Direct Material Price Variance.
Actual Quantity (AQ) × (AP - SP)AQ = 131,000 lbs.AP = $1.70 per lb.SP = $1.75 per lb.Direct Material Price Variance = 131,000 × ($1.70 - $1.75) = $-6,550 (Favorable)Direct Material Quantity Variance: (AQ - SQ) × SP = (131,000 - 122,500) × $1.75 = $14,875 (Unfavorable)(B) Total Direct Labor Variance.
Actual Labor Cost - Standard Labor CostActual Labor Cost = 148,800 × $11.20 = $1,669,760Standard Labor Cost = 148,800 × $11.00 = $1,638,240Total Direct Labor Variance = $1,669,760 - $1,638,240 = $31,520 (Unfavorable)Direct Labor Rate Variance: Actual Hours (AH) × (AR - SR)AH = 148,800 hours.
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Juliana is considering an investment proposal with the following cash flows:
Initial investment-depreciable assets $49,000
Net cash inflows from operations (per year for 10 years) 7,000
Disinvestment 0
a. Determine the payback period.
Round your answer to one decimal place; for example, enter 1.4 for 1.44 or 1.5 for 1.45.
Answer
years
For parts b. and c., round your answers to three decimal places if applicable. For example, enter 0.084 for 0.0844 or 0.085 for 0.0845.
b. Determine the accounting rate of return on initial investment.
Answer
c. Determine the accounting rate of return on average investment.
Answer
Payback period
Initial investment-depreciable assets = $49,000Net cash inflows from operations (per year for 10 years) = $7,000Disinvestment = $0First, we calculate the payback period for the initial investment as follows:
Year
Cash inflows
Cumulative cash inflows1$7,000$7,0002$7,000$14,0003$7,000$21,0004$7,000$28,0005$7,000$35,0006$7,000$42,0007$7,000$49,000The payback period is less than seven years, since $49,000 is recovered within seven years, with a remainder of $0.Therefore, the payback period is 6.999 years, rounded to one decimal place as follows:
Payback period = 6.999 years.
Accounting rate of return on the initial investment
The formula for accounting rate of return on initial investment is:
ARR = Average annual operating income from investment / Initial investment
ARR = ($7,000 × 10 years) / $49,000ARR = $70,000 / $49,000ARR = 1.4286ARR = 14.286%
Accounting rate of return on average investment
The formula for accounting rate of return on average investment is:
ARR = Average annual operating income from investment / Average investment
ARR = ($7,000 × 10 years) / ($49,000 + $0) / 2ARR = $70,000 / $24,500ARR = 2.8571ARR = 28.571%
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Background Information Provided by Your Client:
The Beach Side Hotel, is a resort hotel is in Cape May, New Jersey. For the hotel, management expects occupancy rates to be 70% in December, January, February and March; 85% in November and April; and 95% the rest of the year. This hotel has 325 rooms and the room rental is $245.00 per night. Of this, on average 10% is received as a deposit the month before the stay, 60% is received in the month of the stay, and 28% is collected the month after. The remaining 2% is never collected and assumed bad debt in the month after as a sales & general admin cost. Most of the costs of running the hotel are fixed. The variable costs are only $55.00 per occupied room, per night. Fixed salaries (including benefits) run $410,000 per month, depreciation is estimated to be $350,000 a month, other fixed costs are $160,000 per month, and interest expense is $575,000 per month. Fixed, variable costs and salaries are paid in the month they are incurred, depreciation is only recorded at the end of each quarter and interest is paid semi-annually each June and December. Financial statements should have proper heading, titles and format for the period they cover. You are making a presentation to a client. Summarize your answers & conclusions for each part in a textbox. The template is just an idea starter.
Client’s Concern:
The client is aware that net income does not equal cash flow and wants to make sure that the business will generate enough cash to meet all of its obligations.
Project Part 1:
The client wants your accounting firm to prepare a detailed and summarized monthly cash budget for the Beach Side hotel for the entire year. For simplicity, assume that there are 30 days in each month. Make sure you place proper headings and titles on your cash budget. Assume the starting cash balance for January 1 is zero, build the monthly cash table at the bottom using zero as the start, add January activity to get January ending, aka February beginning balance.
The cash budget takes into account the hotel's occupancy rates, room rental revenue, collection percentages, variable and fixed costs, as well as other financial obligations.
It starts with a zero cash balance for January 1 and calculates the ending cash balance for each month, which serves as the beginning balance for the following month.
To create the monthly cash budget, the following steps were taken:
1. Calculate Room Rental Revenue: The monthly room rental revenue was calculated based on the occupancy rates and room rental price. The revenue was divided into the percentages received as deposits the month before, during the month of stay, the month after, and the percentage assumed as bad debt.
2. Determine Variable Costs: The variable costs per occupied room per night were multiplied by the number of occupied rooms each month to calculate the total variable costs.
3. Calculate Fixed Costs: The fixed costs, including salaries, depreciation, other fixed costs, and interest expenses, were recorded for each month. Salaries and other fixed costs were assumed to be paid in the month incurred, while depreciation was recorded quarterly and interest expenses were paid semi-annually.
4. Calculate Cash Flow: The net cash flow for each month was determined by subtracting the total costs (variable and fixed) from the room rental revenue.
5. Calculate Ending Cash Balance: The ending cash balance for each month was derived by adding the net cash flow to the beginning cash balance of the previous month.
By following these steps, a detailed and summarized monthly cash budget was created for the Beach Side Hotel for the entire year.
The cash budget provides a clear overview of the expected cash inflows and outflows, allowing the client to assess the hotel's ability to generate enough cash to meet its obligations throughout the year.
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Find a story in the news (any news source is fine) about a
contract dispute or lawsuit and report on it by: 1) providing a
description of the story; 2) offering your thoughts on it; and 3)
encouraging
A contract dispute between the New York Times and a news app was recently reported on in the news. The dispute began when the New York Times issued a cease and desist letter to the news app News Guard.
News Guard is an app that provides consumers with information on the credibility of news sources. The New York Times, along with other news sources, was given a low rating on the app.
The New York Times argued that the rating was based on outdated and incorrect information. They demanded that NewsGuard retract the rating and provide a more accurate one. NewsGuard refused, stating that they stand by their rating and that it is based on a thorough evaluation of the New York Times’ content.
The dispute escalated when the New York Times filed a lawsuit against NewsGuard, alleging that they had damaged the reputation of the paper. NewsGuard responded by saying that the lawsuit was an attempt to silence their freedom of speech.
In my opinion, both parties have valid points. The New York Times has the right to demand a fair and accurate evaluation of their content, but NewsGuard also has the right to provide their own evaluation based on their standards and criteria. However, I do think that the lawsuit is an unnecessary escalation of the dispute and that both parties should work towards finding a resolution outside of the courtroom.
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Fuzzy Monkey Technologies, Inc., purchased as a long-term investment $240 million of 6% bonds, dated January 1, on January 1, 2018. Management intends to have the investment available for sale when circumstances warrant. When the company purchased the bonds, management elected to account for them under the fair value option. For bonds of similar risk and maturity the market yield was 8%. The price paid for the bonds was $219 million. Interest is received semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Due to changing market conditions, the fair value of the bonds at December 31, 2018, was $230 million.
Required:
1. to 3. Prepare the relevant journal entries on the respective dates (record the interest at the effective rate).
4-a. At what amount will Fuzzy Monkey report its investment in the December 31, 2018, balance sheet?
4-b. Prepare the journal entry necessary to achieve this reporting objective.
5. How would Fuzzy Monkey’s 2018 statement of cash flows be affected by this investment assuming Fuzzy anticipates holding these investments for a sufficiently long period?
1. Jan 1, 2018: Investment in bonds (fair value) $219M; Cash $219M.
2. Jun 30, 2018: Cash $6M; Interest revenue $6M.
3. Dec 31, 2018: Cash $6M; Interest revenue $6M.
4-a. Investment reported at fair value: $230M.
4-b. Adjust investment to fair value: Investment in bonds (fair value adjustment) $11M; Unrealized gain on investment in bonds $11M.
5. Statement of cash flows unaffected by fair value changes.
1. Journal entry on January 1, 2018:
Investment in bonds (fair value) $219 million
Cash $219 million
2. Journal entry on June 30, 2018:
Cash (interest received) $6 million ($240 million × 6% × 6/12)
Interest revenue $6 million
3. Journal entry on December 31, 2018:
Cash (interest received) $6 million ($240 million × 6% × 6/12)
Interest revenue $6 million
4-a. Fuzzy Monkey will report its investment at fair value, which is $230 million, on the December 31, 2018, balance sheet.
4-b. Journal entry to adjust the investment to fair value on December 31, 2018:
Investment in bonds (fair value adjustment) $11 million ($230 million - $219 million)
Unrealized gain on investment in bonds $11 million
5. Fuzzy Monkey's 2018 statement of cash flows will not be affected by this investment since it is accounted for under the fair value option. Changes in fair value are not reflected in the statement of cash flows. Only cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities are included in the statement of cash flows.
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Noah who has $62,000 of AGI before considering rental activities, has $70,000 of losses from a real estate rental activity in which he actively participates. He also actively participates in another real estate rental activity from which he has $33,000 of income. He has other passive income of $20,000.
What amount of rental loss can be used to offset active or portfolio income? $( )
The amount of rental loss that can be used to offset active or portfolio income is $17,000.
How much rental loss can Noah use to offset active or portfolio income?Given data:
Loss from active rental activity: $70,000Income from another rental activity: $33,000Passive income: $20,000Loss available to offset active or portfolio income:
= $70,000 - $33,000 - $20,000
= $17,000.
Therefore, the amount of rental loss that can be used to offset active or portfolio income is $17,000.
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Igor and Elena have been married for 35 years and have three children, now fully grown. They have just separated. Igor is a dentist. Elena worked as law clerk in the early years of the marriage, and supported the two of them while Igor attended dental school full time. Once the children were born she stayed home with them full time, and has not worked outside the home for 30 years. Elena does not want to start divorce proceedings but requires spousal support. Is she entitled to support from Igor? Explain your answer, referring to the appropriate legislation.
According to the Family Law Act, Spousal support is provided to a spouse in two circumstances: (1) where the spouse has suffered an economic disadvantage or is at an economic disadvantage relative to the other spouse because of the relationship or the breakdown of the relationship.
where the spouse has care responsibilities for a child of the marriage or the relationship. There are four factors to consider in determining entitlement to spousal support, namely the claimant spouse's: need for support; ability to become self-sufficient.
In this case, Elena is entitled to spousal support from Igor. Although she has not been working outside the home for the past thirty years, she has contributed significantly to the marriage, both financially and domestically.
Furthermore, it is fair to assume that she has made substantial domestic contributions to the marriage by raising their three children and managing their home. Therefore, the court would consider all these factors before determining the amount and duration of spousal support that Igor must pay to Elena.
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Your Participation in the Loanable Funds Market Discussion Topic Participate in a discussion with your classmates regarding your participation in the loanable funds market. Review the "EYE on Your Life" caption titled, Your Participation in the Loanable Funds Market, within Section 10.3 in the textbook. Discuss how your expected and disposable future income, after receiving your college degree, may change your saving and investment decisions and transactions in the loanable funds market. Discussion Rubric
After receiving my college degree, my expected and disposable future income will increase. This will have a significant effect on my saving and investment decisions and transactions in the loanable funds market. Firstly, I will have more money to save. With an increase in income, I will have a higher capacity to save for my future financial needs. As such, I may choose to save more and spend less on my current needs.
Additionally, with more disposable income, I will have more resources to invest in the loanable funds market. This means that I may choose to invest more in the loanable funds market and have a higher allocation of my income towards investments in this market. I will be able to take more risks with my investments since I will have more resources at my disposal.
Moreover, since the interest rate is a key determinant in the loanable funds market, the increase in my disposable income may lead to higher interest rates, which would be beneficial for my investment portfolio. I will be able to earn a higher return on my investments in the loanable funds market since I will have more resources to invest.
In conclusion, the increase in my expected and disposable future income will lead to a higher allocation towards savings and investments in the loanable funds market. I will be able to take more risks with my investments and earn a higher return on my investments in this market.
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