True, Pre-Columbian African slavery was indeed uncommon and limited to the selling of war captives.
Before Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas, slavery existed in various parts of the world, including Africa. However, the enslavement of Africans was not prevalent in the Americas before European colonization. Instead, Native American tribes and empires would often capture prisoners of war and sell them as slaves. While some Africans were brought to the Americas as slaves before Columbus, it was not until the transatlantic slave trade that large numbers of Africans were forcibly brought over as slaves.
Before the Columbian Exchange, African societies practiced various forms of slavery, including domestic slavery and the selling of war captives. However, it was more widespread than the statement suggests, with the trans-Saharan slave trade being a prominent example.
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hi what did Steven hawking invent?
Answer: His discovery of the existence of black holes.
Explanation:
Stephen Hawking did not really "invent" anything, he is mostly well known for his discovery of black holes in space and various other cosmology and physics discoveries. By technicality of definition, Stephen Hawking "invented" theories of cosmology set out by joining Einstein's theory of general relativity and various other physicists versions of quantum mechanics.
what is the role of religion in democracy?
Answer:
The role of religion in democracy can vary depending on the specific context and country
Explanation:
The role of religion in democracy can vary depending on the specific context and country. Here are some general points to consider:
Freedom of Religion: In a democratic society, individuals have the right to practice their religion freely without fear of persecution. This freedom is often protected by law and enshrined in constitutions, ensuring that citizens can exercise their religious beliefs.
Moral Framework: Religion can provide a moral framework and ethical guidelines that influence the behavior of individuals and communities. These values can shape public opinion and contribute to the formation of laws and policies in a democratic system.
Voter Influence: Religious beliefs and values can significantly influence the voting choices of individuals. Religious communities may have shared concerns and priorities, leading them to support specific candidates or policies that align with their religious teachings.
Civil Society Engagement: Religious institutions often play a crucial role in civil society by providing social services, advocating for social justice, and promoting community engagement. They can contribute to democratic processes by fostering dialogue, organizing charitable initiatives, and addressing societal issues.
Moral Debate: Religion can be a source of moral and ethical perspectives in public debates. It can provide a platform for discussing important social issues such as human rights, social equality, and the protection of vulnerable populations.
Separation of Church and State: Many democratic countries maintain a principle of separation between religious institutions and the state. This separation ensures that no single religion dominates the political sphere and guarantees equal treatment for citizens of different religious backgrounds.
However, it's important to note that the relationship between religion and democracy is complex and can sometimes give rise to tensions. Conflicts may arise when religious values clash with principles such as individual freedoms, secularism, or the rights of minority groups. Striking a balance between religious freedom and the principles of democratic governance can be a continuous challenge for societies.
write details about american and soviet leaders actions during the 1980s
Answer: During the 1980s, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a tense and competitive relationship known as the Cold War. The leaders of both countries played important roles in shaping the events of the decade.
In the United States, Ronald Reagan was the president from 1981 to 1989. Reagan was a staunch anti-communist who believed in American exceptionalism and the need to confront Soviet aggression. He pursued a policy of military build-up, increasing defense spending and developing new weapons systems, including the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) or "Star Wars," which was intended to shoot down incoming nuclear missiles. Reagan also pursued a policy of containment, supporting anti-communist governments and movements around the world, including in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, and Angola. Despite his aggressive rhetoric, Reagan also engaged in diplomacy with the Soviet Union, meeting with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in a series of summits that helped to reduce tensions between the two superpowers.
In the Soviet Union, the leader during much of the 1980s was Mikhail Gorbachev, who served as general secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 to 1991. Gorbachev was a reformer who recognized the need for change in the Soviet Union, which was suffering from economic stagnation and political corruption. He pursued a policy of perestroika, or economic restructuring, and glasnost, or openness, which aimed to increase transparency and freedom of expression. Gorbachev also pursued arms reduction agreements with the United States, including the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) in 1987, which eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons from Europe. Gorbachev's reforms ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Overall, the actions of American and Soviet leaders during the 1980s reflected the ongoing tension and competition between the two superpowers, as well as a recognition of the need for diplomacy and dialogue to avoid a catastrophic nuclear war.
in the modern period, tragicomedy has become the predominant form of many of the best playwrights. T/F
False. While tragicomedy has been a popular genre throughout the history of theatre, it is not the predominant form of many of the best playwrights in the modern period.
In fact, modern theatre has seen a diverse range of genres and styles, from absurdist plays to naturalistic dramas to experimental works. Many of the most celebrated playwrights of the modern era, such as Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Samuel Beckett, and Edward Albee, have primarily written dramas that are primarily tragic or realistic in nature. However, some playwrights have blended elements of comedy and tragedy in their works, such as Tom Stoppard, who is known for his witty and intellectual plays that often explore serious philosophical themes.
It is worth noting that the definition of tragicomedy can vary widely depending on the context and the critic. Some scholars argue that many modern plays can be classified as tragicomedies because they mix elements of both tragedy and comedy, while others may reserve the term for works that adhere to a more specific set of criteria, such as a narrative structure that involves a serious situation that ultimately resolves in a positive or ambiguous manner. Ultimately, the genre of tragicomedy remains an important and evolving part of theatre history, and continues to be explored and reimagined by contemporary playwrights.
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Which of the following was a unique feature of Greek political life?
(A) The granting of limited political rights to slaves
(B) Representative democracy
(C) The idea of free people running the affairs of state
(D) The universal right to vote for all men and women above the age of sixteen
The unique feature of Greek political life was (B) representative democracy.
This system allowed for citizens to elect representatives who would then make decisions on their behalf.
It was unique in the sense that it allowed for a large number of citizens to participate in the political process, as opposed to other societies where only a small elite had political power.
While (A) the granting of limited political rights to slaves was unique to Ancient Greece, it was not a feature of the political system itself.
(C) The idea of free people running the affairs of the state was a concept that was shared by other civilizations, such as Rome.
Lastly, (D) the universal right to vote for all men and women above the age of sixteen is a modern concept that did not exist in Ancient Greece.
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Which of the following supports the importance of San Lorenzo and La Venta to Olmec culture?
A. provided opportunities for the Olmec to gather and celebrate
B. represented the structure and ideals of Olmec society
C. allowed the Olmec to focus on the power of the king
D. provided income for the priesthood
San Lorenzo was the first Olmec capital and is considered the birthplace of the civilization. It had a massive ceremonial center that provided opportunities for the Olmec to gather and celebrate. This suggests that option A is correct.
San Lorenzo and La Venta were two of the most significant cities of the Olmec civilization, and both supported the importance of the Olmec culture in different ways.
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The emperor of brazil
A. Made the telephone famous
B. Spoke to bell on the phone
Answer:
A. Made the telephone famous
Explanation:
The Emperor of Brazil made the telephone by being the first to invest and buy stocks in the Bell Telephone Company
Political organization among nomadic herding peoples was generally based on a. clan ties b. common allegiance to Buddhism c. the caste system
Political organization among nomadic herding peoples was generally based on a. clan ties. Clan ties provided a strong sense of unity and loyalty within the group, ensuring cooperation and shared responsibility for their collective well-being.
Political organization among nomadic herding peoples was generally based on clan ties.
These ties were the primary means of social organization, as family groups provided support and protection for each other while traveling and living in different regions. While Buddhism may have played a role in the spiritual beliefs and practices of some nomadic herding peoples, it was not typically the basis for their political organization. Similarly, the caste system was not relevant to nomadic herding peoples, as they did not adhere to the strict social hierarchy that characterized the caste system. Instead, clan ties provided a flexible and adaptable means of political organization that allowed nomadic herding peoples to maintain their traditional lifestyles while also responding to changing circumstances and external threats.Know more about the nomadic herding
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What measures were taken to improve the poilticial physical of woman
Measures taken to improve the political status of women include suffrage movements, legal reforms, affirmative action policies, and advocacy for gender equality and representation.
Over the past century, numerous measures have been taken to improve the political status of women. Women's suffrage movements, which sought to secure voting rights for women, were instrumental in expanding political representation and participation. Legal reforms such as anti-discrimination laws and affirmative action policies have aimed to reduce gender-based disparities in political leadership and employment opportunities. Advocacy for gender equality and representation has also been central to promoting women's political status, with efforts ranging from grassroots activism to high-level political initiatives such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Despite these efforts, significant challenges remain, including gender-based violence, limited representation in elected office, and cultural biases against women's leadership.
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In 1979, in response to the nation's dependence on foreign oil, President Carter established the
Choose matching definition
Serving as Governor of Georgia.
Department of Energy.
Headquarters Inspector General (hq Ig).
Environmental Protection Agency.
In 1979, President Carter established the- b. Department of Energy as a response to the nation's dependence on foreign oil.
What was it tasked with?This new department was tasked with developing policies and programs to reduce our reliance on foreign energy sources and promote the use of alternative, domestic sources of energy.
This included research into renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power, as well as efforts to increase energy efficiency across all sectors of the economy.
As part of this effort, the Department of Energy worked closely with other agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency to ensure that energy policies were also environmentally responsible.
Overall, the establishment of the Department of Energy represented a major shift in the country's energy policy, and set the stage for continued efforts to reduce our reliance on foreign oil and move towards a more sustainable energy future.
Hence, answer is b.
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in 1789, which of the following groups was eligible to vote in national elections?
In 1789, only white male property owners were eligible to vote in national elections. This excluded a large majority of the population, including women, African Americans, Native Americans, and poor white men.
The idea of universal suffrage, or the right to vote for all citizens regardless of race, gender, or wealth, was still a relatively new concept at the time, and the United States was still struggling to define its democratic ideals. However, some states did allow for broader participation in local and state elections, with some even extending the vote to non-property-owning white men. The issue of suffrage would become a major topic of debate in the decades following the ratification of the Constitution, with movements for women's suffrage and the abolition of property ownership requirements for voting gaining momentum. These efforts would eventually lead to the adoption of the 15th, 19th, and 26th Amendments to the Constitution, which extended voting rights to African Americans, women, and 18-year-olds, respectively.
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According to agreements made in 1818 and 1827, the United States and Great Britain
A) divided the Oregon territory at the 49th parallel.
B) jointly occupied Oregon.
C) engaged in joint explorations of the Northwest.
D) cooperated in the fur trade.
According to agreements made in 1818 and 1827, the United States and Great Britain- B. jointly occupied Oregon.
What does this mean?This meant that both countries had equal rights and access to the territory. The agreement was made to avoid conflict over the territory and to promote cooperation in exploring and developing the region.
The two countries also cooperated in the fur trade, which was a major economic activity in the area. However, in 1846, a new treaty was signed that divided the Oregon territory at the 49th parallel, giving the southern portion to the United States and the northern portion to Great Britain.
This marked the end of joint occupation and the beginning of separate territorial control.
Hence, the answer is b.
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what are some current events?
some examples of recent events that have been reported in the media:
COVID-19 Pandemic: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a major global concern. Governments around the world are working to vaccinate their populations, and many countries are experiencing a surge in cases due to the emergence of new variants.Climate Change: The impact of climate change is being felt across the world, with extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves becoming more frequent and severe. The recent United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow focused on the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming.International Politics: The international political landscape continues to be a source of tension and conflict. Issues such as trade, human rights, and regional conflicts continue to dominate headlines, and tensions between major powers such as the US, China, and Russia remain high.Technology and Innovation: Advances in technology and innovation continue to shape the world we live in, with developments such as artificial intelligence, gene editing, and quantum computing promising to transform industries and societies.for similar questions on events
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Prior to the 14th century, paper making and ink usage was already being utilized in which part of the world?
The paper making and ink usage was already being utilized in China prior to the 14th century.
Chinese inventors were credited with the invention of paper making around 105 AD, and ink was also being used in China as early as the 23rd century BC. These innovations eventually spread to other parts of the world, but their origins can be traced back to ancient China.
The ancient Chinese used plant fibers and mulberry bark to create paper, and they also developed a variety of inks from carbon soot, pigments, and binders. This innovative technology gradually spread to other parts of the world, including the Middle East, Europe, and Africa.
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racist laws divided benches, drinking fountains, bathrooms, and schools in south africa until
The racist laws that divided benches, drinking fountains, bathrooms, and schools in South Africa were known as apartheid. This system of institutionalized racial segregation was enforced by the National Party government from 1948 until the early 1990s.
Under apartheid, different racial groups were assigned to different residential areas, and people were required to carry identification documents that specified their race.
Public facilities such as parks, beaches, and libraries were segregated, and non-whites were denied many basic rights and freedoms, including the right to vote.
In addition to physical segregation, apartheid also had a profound impact on the education system in South Africa.
Non-white students were relegated to inferior schools with fewer resources and lower-quality education than white students.
This meant that non-white students had limited opportunities for advancement and were effectively trapped in a cycle of poverty and disadvantage.
It was not until the 1990s that apartheid was finally dismantled, thanks in large part to the tireless efforts of anti-apartheid activists such as Nelson Mandela.
Today, South Africa is a much more inclusive and equal society, although there is still work to be done to address the lingering effects of apartheid.
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the tribe of reuben settled land on the east bank of the jordan river.
T/F
TRUE: The tribe of Reuben settled land on the east bank of the Jordan river.
Long answer: According to the biblical account in the book of Numbers, the tribe of Reuben, along with the tribes of Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh, requested to settle on the east bank of the Jordan River instead of crossing over into the Promised Land with the rest of the Israelites.
Moses granted their request, and they were given the land of Gilead and Bashan, which was known for its fertile pastures and grazing lands.
This territory was outside the boundaries of the Promised Land, but still considered part of Israel.
The settlement of Reuben on the east bank of the Jordan River was a significant event in the history of the Israelites and had long-lasting consequences for the tribe and the nation as a whole.
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explain how the ottoman use of the devshirme system helped them maintain centralized control over their populations
The Ottoman use of the devshirme system played a crucial role in maintaining centralized control over their populations. This system involved the recruitment and conversion of Christian boys from conquered territories, who were then trained and educated as elite soldiers or administrators.
The devshirme system was an institution established by the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century, aimed at selecting young Christian boys from their conquered territories. These boys were usually taken from Balkan regions and were required to convert to Islam. The selected boys were then trained in various fields, including military tactics, administration, and diplomacy. This initial step served two main purposes for the Ottomans: it provided a source of manpower for the empire and acted as a mechanism to assimilate and integrate the conquered Christian populations into the ruling class. The devshirme system played a crucial role in helping the Ottomans maintain centralized control over their populations. Firstly, by recruiting boys from conquered territories, the empire ensured a constant supply of loyal soldiers and administrators. These boys, known as Janissaries, formed the elite military force of the empire, directly loyal to the sultan. Their training was rigorous, emphasizing discipline, loyalty, and Islamic values, which fostered a strong sense of allegiance to the empire. This created a formidable military power that served as a reliable instrument of control over both external threats and internal rebellions. Secondly, the devshirme system allowed the Ottomans to exert political and administrative control over the diverse populations within their empire. The converted boys received a high-quality education that included instruction in Ottoman Turkish, Islamic studies, and administrative skills. After completing their training, they were appointed to various positions of authority, such as government administrators, tax collectors, or court officials. This ensured that loyal and capable individuals were placed in key positions throughout the empire, enabling the Ottoman state to efficiently govern and maintain centralized control over its diverse territories and populations. In summary, the Ottoman devshirme system provided the empire with a constant supply of loyal soldiers and administrators, while also serving as a means to assimilate conquered Christian populations. This system played a vital role in maintaining centralized control by creating a loyal elite military force and placing trained individuals in key administrative positions throughout the empire. Overall, the devshirme system helped the Ottomans establish and reinforce their authority over a vast and diverse empire.
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what do many experts attribute as a cause of many of africa's civil conflicts?
There are several factors that many experts attribute as the causes of many of Africa's civil conflicts. One of the most significant is ethnic and religious tensions.
Africa is home to many different ethnic groups and religions, and the lack of integration between these groups often leads to conflict.
Additionally, colonialism and its legacy have played a role in creating or exacerbating these tensions.
Another factor that contributes to civil conflicts in Africa is poverty and economic inequality.
Many African countries are among the poorest in the world, and economic hardship can often lead to political instability.
When people are struggling to survive, they are more likely to turn to violence as a means of expressing their frustration.
Political instability is also a major contributor to civil conflicts in Africa.
Many African countries have a history of authoritarian rule, corruption, and human rights abuses.
This often leads to resentment and opposition among the population, which can manifest itself in violent conflict.
Finally, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in Africa has made it easier for groups to engage in violence.
The availability of weapons has fueled conflict and made it more difficult for governments to control violent outbreaks.
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Throughout the course of WWII, the United States considered several of the Japanese wartime tactics as inhumane and unfair. Kamikazes and the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor caught the United States off guard. If the Japanese used inhumane tactics earlier in the war, does it give the United States the right to use inhumane tactics in return? (Orange – Groups 3 and 7)
Answer:
No, it is not ethical to use inhumane tactics, regardless of whether the enemy has used them. The use of inhumane tactics is a violation of international law and basic human rights. The fact that the Japanese used kamikazes and surprise attacks does not justify or excuse the United States or any other country to engage in similar actions.
Rather than stooping to the level of the enemy, it is important for the United States to uphold its own values and ethics, and to find ways to win the war through more humane means. Ultimately, using inhumane tactics only serves to perpetuate a cycle of violence and hatred, and can lead to further conflicts in the future.
What is the device pictured? Explain how that advancement rose to become an important part of American life in the
1970s, and how it has evolved to continue to remain part of American life today.
The device pictured is a personal computer and the advancement rose to become an important part of American life thanks to its uses in power, memory, storage, and networking capabilities.
How did the personal computer become so important ?The personal computer rose to become an important part of American life in the 1970s with the introduction of the Altair 8800 by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) in 1975.
The personal computer has progressed profoundly since the 1970s, with noteworthy developmental strides in processing efficiency, memory management, storage capacity, and networking potential. Currently, these indispensable machines are fundamental tools for work, communication, leisure, and learning employing millions of Americans on a daily basis.
On top of this, the personal computer has presented itself as an influential element to American culture, enabling fresh types of articulation, ingenuity, and social engagement. From gaming and virtual networks to creating digital artwork and music, the PC has created diverse courses of expressive performances continuously aiding in communication and self-expression.
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“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” — United States Constitution, ____th amendment
Which amendment are we looking at here? And why is it this amendment?
A.1st amendment
B.4th amendment
C.10th amendment
D.14th amendment
The quote refers to the 10th amendment (option c), which limits federal power and reserves certain powers to the states or people.
The quote refers to the 10th amendment of the United States Constitution. This amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and was added to the Constitution in 1791. Its purpose is to limit the power of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states or to the people.
The amendment emphasizes that the federal government only has the powers that are specifically granted to it by the Constitution, and that all other powers are reserved to the states or the people.
This amendment has been a source of debate over the years, with some arguing that it has been used to justify states' rights and limit federal authority, while others believe it has been misinterpreted and used to perpetuate inequality and discrimination. Thus, the correct option is c.
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How did Obergefell v. Hodges represent a changing interpretation of the Bill of Rights by the Supreme Court?
(A) The Supreme Court extended tax benefits to same-sex couples that have previously been denied by private and governmental organizations.
(B) The Fourteenth Amendment's due process and equal protection clauses were used to legalize same-sex marriages in the United States.
(C) For the first time, the Fourteenth Amendment required states to comply with previously established federal laws.
(D) The ruling overturned a precedent that required same-sex couples to register for marriage licenses in a different way than opposite-sex couples.
Answer: (A)
Explanation:
about how many british and americans were killed during the battles of lexington and concord?
The exact number of British and Americans killed during the battles of Lexington and Concord is uncertain, but it is estimated that around 90 British soldiers and 49 American militia members lost their lives.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord, which took place on April 19, 1775, marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. These battles occurred as a result of escalating tensions between the American colonists and the British government. The British troops were dispatched to seize colonial weapons and arrest rebel leaders, leading to confrontations with the American militia.
During the initial engagement at Lexington, eight Americans were killed and nine were wounded. In Concord, as the British faced resistance from the colonists, casualties on both sides increased. While the number of casualties may seem relatively small, these battles were significant as they ignited the larger conflict that ultimately led to the independence of the United States.
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the 1995 truck bombing of the federal building in oklahoma city was organized by _____
The 1995 truck bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City was organized by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. This devastating attack targeted the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, causing extensive damage and resulting in the tragic loss of 168 lives, including 19 children.
The 1995 truck bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City was organized by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols.
This tragic event resulted in the deaths of 168 people and injured over 680 others. The explosion also caused extensive damage to the federal building and surrounding areas.In response to the attack, the federal government implemented tighter security measures at federal buildings across the country. The bombing prompted the creation of the Federal Protective Service, which is responsible for protecting federal buildings and their occupants. The General Services Administration (GSA), which manages federal buildings, also implemented new security standards for all its properties.In addition, the bombing led to changes in federal laws, such as the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which provided law enforcement with greater tools to combat terrorism. The attack on the federal building in Oklahoma City was a significant event in U.S. history and highlighted the importance of ensuring the safety and security of federal buildings and their occupants.
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how did evangelicalism influence race relations in the antebellum u.s. south? question 53 options: reinforced proslavery ideas increased the prevalence of protestantism among african americans created bi-racial congregations all the above
Evangelicalism reinforced proslavery ideas in the antebellum U.S. South.
Evangelicalism was a popular religious movement in the antebellum U.S. South, particularly among white slaveholders. Evangelical preachers often used the Bible to justify slavery, arguing that it was a divinely ordained institution. They encouraged slaveholders to treat their slaves humanely, but they did not challenge the fundamental legitimacy of the institution itself.
While some African Americans did convert to evangelical Christianity during this period, the movement did not lead to increased racial equality or the creation of biracial congregations. In fact, many evangelical churches in the South were segregated, and African Americans often had to worship separately in their own churches.
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in 1861, the confederate states chose whom to serve as their provisional president?
In 1861, the Confederate States of America chose Jefferson Davis to serve as their provisional president.
Who was he?Davis, a former senator from Mississippi, had been a strong advocate for states' rights and had served as the Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce.
He was seen as a capable leader and was elected to the position by the Confederate Congress. Davis would go on to serve as the Confederacy's president throughout the Civil War, facing numerous challenges as he attempted to lead a fledgling nation through a difficult and tumultuous time.
Despite his efforts, however, the Confederacy would ultimately fall to the Union in 1865.
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Thomas Jefferson was the chief author (or "draftsman") of the Declaration of Independence.
a. True.
b. False.
The statement "Thomas Jefferson was the chief author (or 'draftsman') of the Declaration of Independence" is true.
Thomas Jefferson was a delegate to the Continental Congress and one of the primary architects of the American Revolution. In 1776, he was appointed to a committee charged with drafting a document that would explain to the world why the American colonies were seeking independence from Great Britain.
Jefferson was chosen to be the primary author of this document, which became known as the Declaration of Independence. He drew on Enlightenment ideals and the works of philosophers such as John Locke to craft a document that would argue for the natural rights of individuals and the legitimacy of revolution against unjust government.
Although the document was edited and revised by other members of the Continental Congress, Jefferson's original draft served as the basis for the final version that was signed on July 4, 1776. For this reason, he is often referred to as the "chief author" or "draftsman" of the Declaration of Independence.
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the Ku Klux Klan sought to uphold the american ideal of equality and justice for all.
True or False
False. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) did not seek to uphold the American ideal of equality and justice for all. The KKK was an extremist organization founded in the United States in 1866, initially as a secret society that opposed the newly gained civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War.
The KKK aimed to suppress the political, social, and economic advancements of African Americans and other minority groups.
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Sharecropping explain how the tenant became trapped in the system
Sharecropping was a system of agricultural labor that emerged in the Southern United States after the Civil War. It was a way for landowners, who had lost much of their labor force due to the end of slavery, to continue to profit from their land.
Under this system, a landowner would provide a tenant farmer with a plot of land, tools, and seeds to grow crops. In exchange, the tenant farmer would give a portion of their harvest to the landowner as rent.
Initially, sharecropping may have seemed like a fair arrangement for both parties. Landowners could continue to profit from their land, and tenant farmers, who had few other options for making a living, could earn a share of the crops they grew. However, in practice, the system was heavily biased in favor of landowners and often left tenant farmers trapped in a cycle of debt and poverty.
There were several reasons why tenant farmers became trapped in the sharecropping system. First, the landowners set high rents and interest rates for the tools and seeds provided to the tenant farmers. These rates were often set intentionally high to ensure that the tenant farmers could not pay off their debts and would remain tied to the land.
Second, the crop lien system, which was used to finance the tenant farmers' seed and equipment, put them at a disadvantage. The farmers had to purchase these items on credit from the landowners or local merchants, and they would pay off these debts by giving a share of their harvest to the creditor. However, the prices charged by these creditors were often exorbitant, and the share of the harvest required to pay off the debt could be very high, leaving the tenant farmers with little left over to support themselves and their families.
Finally, tenant farmers were often subject to discriminatory practices and violence, making it difficult for them to leave the system. Landowners had significant power over their tenant farmers, and if a tenant farmer tried to leave the land or refuse to pay their debts, they could face violent retribution or be forced to leave the community entirely.
In summary, sharecropping was a system that left tenant farmers in a position of dependency on landowners and subject to high rents, interest rates, and crop lien practices. These conditions often made it difficult for tenant farmers to escape the system and contributed to the cycle of poverty that affected many people in the post-Civil War South.
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who is not required to switch to icd-10-cm on october 1 2015
Non-covered entities, such as entities that do not deal with HIPAA-covered transactions, were not required to switch to ICD-10-CM on October 1, 2015.
Examples of non-covered entities may include workers' compensation programs, life insurance companies, and some smaller healthcare providers that do not submit claims electronically.
There are a few groups that are not required to switch to ICD-10-CM on October 1, 2015. These include:
A. Workers' compensation: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has stated that workers' compensation programs are not required to adopt ICD-10-CM.
B. Dental providers: CMS has also stated that dental providers are not required to switch to ICD-10-CM.
C. Veterans Affairs: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has its own coding system and is not required to switch to ICD-10-CM.
D. Indian Health Services: The Indian Health Services (IHS) also has its own coding system and is not required to switch to ICD-10-CM.
However, it is important to note that even though these groups are not required to switch to ICD-10-CM, they may still choose to do so voluntarily.
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