An example of a postzygotic mating barrier, low hybrid viability .
Hybrid offspring are born but have lower fitness and are therefore less likely to reach sexual maturity. Another example is where hybrid offspring is healthy but unable to breed.
Postzygotic mating barriers reduce the reproductive capacity of hybrid offspring. The three types of postzygotic barriers are hybrid zygote abnormality, hybrid infertility, and low hybrid viability . Many research theory suggests that incompatibility alleles those who have evolved neutrally are not able to be maintained in secondary contact.
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What kind of change results from the breakdown of starch into glucose by saliva?.
After which checkpoint is the cell first committed to continue the cell cycle through m?.
Answer:G1 I hope this is helpful please mark me brainlist if correct then no if wrong
Explanation:
The G1 checkpoint determines whether all conditions are favorable for cell division to proceed. The G1 checkpoint, also called the restriction point, is the point at which the cell irreversibly commits to the cell-division processThe G1 checkpoint, also known as the restriction point in mammalian cells and the start point in yeast, is the point at which the cell becomes committed to entering the cell cycle.The first stage of interphase is called the G1 phase, or first gap, because little change is visible. However, during the G1 stage, the cell is quite active at the biochemical level. The cell is accumulating the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and the associated proteins, as well as accumulating enough energy reserves to complete the task of replicating each chromosome in the nucleus.
if an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic environment, what will happen to it? what if it is placed in a hypertonic environment? isotonic?
If animal cells are placed in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic concentrations, then:
Hypotonic → experience hemolysis or ruptureHypertonic → experience crenation or shrinkage.Isotonic → will remain normal and stable.What happens if animal and plant cells are placed in hypertonic and hypotonic solutions:
In a hypertonic solution (high solution concentration)
Animal cells will experience crenation or shrink because the concentration outside the cell is high.Plant cells will undergo plasmolysis due to the detachment of the membrane from the cell wall.In a hypotonic solution (low solute concentration)
Animal cells will undergo lysis or rupture because water enters the cell which causes the cell volume to increase.Plant cells will experience turgid or swelling because these cells have a cell wall that can maintain their condition.Learn more about hypertonic and hypotonic solutions https://brainly.com/question/4237735
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help me thank you 1010101
Answer:
Plant Cell
Explanation:
I got it right
what is the role of the nitrate in the broth in the metabolism of the organism giving a positive test for nitrate reduction
An organism's capacity to use the enzyme nitrate reductase to convert nitrate (NO3) to nitrite (NO2) is assessed using nitrate broth.
Additionally, it assesses how well organisms can convert nitrate and nitrite into molecular nitrogen through the process of nitrification.In tryptic soy broth medium, nitrate is the preferred terminal electron acceptor for the anaerobic growth of K27. Nitrite functions as a terminal electron acceptor and a toxic reagent: low levels of nitrite promote K27's anaerobic growth, while high levels of nitrite prevent it.Because it is a component of all the various amino acids used to make proteins, the chemical element nitrogen is essential to all living things. Nitrates disperse in water before being ingested by plants. Animals must consume plants or other animals to obtain the amino acids needed for protein synthesis.
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help with question 2. A B & C. the gizmo is Cell Types
A. Fine Focus.
B. Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and membrane
C. 30 Micrometer.
Erythrocytes are well known to have no nucleus but in fact, they lack most organelles such as the Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Hair consists of two parts the root and the hair shaft. The root is the part of the living hair located in the middle layer of the skin the dermis.
Epidermal root cells in some plants produce root hairs and tubular growths that increase the surface area of the root. Unlike other cells in the body, red blood cells do not have a nucleus. This habit dates back to when mammals began to evolve. Other vertebrates such as fish reptiles, and birds have erythrocytes that contain dormant nuclei. To allow red blood cells to carry an increased load of oxygen cells evolved to function without a nucleus and other associated organelles.
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How would cellular homeostasis be immediately affected if the cell did not have golgi bodies?.
The products of protein synthesis would not be able to be digested or broken down by the cell.
The majority of eukaryotic cells contain the Golgi apparatus, commonly referred to as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi. It packs proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It is a component of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm. It is located where the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways converge.
In a cell, there wouldn't be any lysosomes if the Golgi apparatus didn't exist. The result would be that the cell would be unable to digest or degrade the byproducts of protein synthesis. This would fill the cell with a ton of extra trash. The cell wouldn't be able to survive for very long if this occurred.
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which of the following is incorrect? hantavirus- inhalation of infected rodent excrement or saliva. eastern equine encephalitis virus- enterovirus st. louis encephalitis virus- birds are the reservoir human herpes 8- kaposi sarcoma
Eastern equine encephalitis virus caused by enterovirus st. louis encephalitis virus and the birds are the reservoirs is an incorrect statement.
Is it possible for humans to contract the EEE virus?
The bite of an infected mosquito transmits the Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus to humans. In the United States, only a few cases are reported each year. The majority of cases are found in eastern or Gulf Coast states.
Eastern equine encephalitis is a virus that spreads to humans and horses through the bite of an infected mosquito. The virus is an alphavirus that is closely related to the viruses that cause western equine encephalitis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis.
Therefore, Eastern equine encephalitis is transmitted by a mosquito and not a bird.
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Compare and contrast preimplantation genetic diagnosis and fetal testing. Does one type of test raise more ethical concerns than the other? explain your thinking.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique used to detect any genetic abnormalities in embryos created through in vitro fertilisation, whereas foetal tests are a technique used to detect any genetic abnormalities in embryos already implanted in the uterus.
I believe PGD may raise more moral questions than foetal testing as some individuals do not consider in-vitro conception and subsequent implantation to be as naturally occurring as would occur with fertilisation in the uterus. People may consider PGD to be unnatural as a result of this belief.
Specific single-gene diseases (such cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anaemia) and chromosomal structural variations in a parent are some of the most frequent causes of PGD. Families may also utilise PGD to conceive a kid that can offer compatible stem cells for a family member who needs a bone marrow donor. The majority of couples who require these procedures are not infertile; rather, they have a family history of an illness and want to lessen the possibility of having another child who will have serious health problems or die young. However, occasionally couples seeking fertility therapy are discovered to be at risk of passing on an inherited ailment by commonly accessible genetic screening, and PGD may be an option for them.
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the blue circle represents the approximate position of the pituitary gland. when cancerous growth causes the pituitary to increase in size, which cranial nerves might be expected to be affected?
During its increase in size during cancerous growth, the pituitary can affect the optic and oculomotor cranial nerves.
Pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the hypothalamus. The chamber where the gland is present is called the sella turcica. The gland releases several hormones namely the growth hormone, LH, FSH, oxytocin, vasopressin, etc.
Cranial nerves are the group of nerves that are present on various regions of the head like skull, face, neck, etc. These are 12 in pair. Their function is to mediate the transmission of information between the brain and the sensory organs.
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which of the following is a consequence of alcohol abuse? a. the liver expels folate into the blood for excretion by the kidneys. b. the kidneys reduce the excretion of magnesium, calcium, potassium, and zinc. c. cells of the eye's retina process retinol instead of ethanol. d. the body absorbs and stores excess thiamin. e. stomach cells undersecrete acid and histamine.
Alcohol abuse results in the liver releasing folate into the blood for kidney excretion. Alcohol affects the kidneys' functionality and decreases their ability to filter blood. Option A is the appropriate response in this case.
Alcohol causes the body to become dehydrated, which can affect how well kidneys function as well as other organs and cells. Your risk of developing high blood pressure can increase if you consume more than two drinks each day. Liver disease can also be brought on by chronic drinking.
For your kidneys to effectively filter your blood, the rate of blood flow to them is typically maintained at a set level.
Therefore, we might conclude that drinking too much alcohol causes the liver to release folate into the blood for kidney excretion. Alcohol affects the kidneys' functionality and decreases their ability to filter blood.
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during exercise, our cells break down glucose to generate atp. glucose can be broken down anaerobically (without oxygen) to generate atp, but the atp yield is greatest when glucose is fully broken down aerobically (in the presence of oxygen). our cells use glucose most efficiently (i.e., to make the most atp) when exercise is of ___________intensity.
During exercise, our cells break down glucose to generate ATP. Our cells use glucose most efficiently when exercise is of low or moderate intensity.
What is ATP?
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is defined as the source of energy used and stored by cells. When the cell needs energy, ATP can be taken out and used to fuel processes or stored for use in later ones.
Anaerobic glycolysis, which functions as a transitional process between the phosphagen and aerobic systems, can create ATP rather quickly for usage during activities requiring significant energy bursts over relatively longer time periods.
Thus, during exercise, our cells break down glucose to generate ATP. Our cells use glucose most efficiently when exercise is of low or moderate intensity.
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What species of fungus is used in produced of acid wash jeans to give them their distinct faded look?.
For one-third the cost of the enzymes, the fungus Myceliopthora thermophila might give jeans the appearance of being stone-washed.
Which type of fungus is employed in the production of acid wash jeans?Trichoderma has potential as a biocontrol agent and is used to create stone washed jeans. Deuteromycetes have the potential to damage people. Some of these fungus, such as Verticillium, which can cause vascular wilt in trees, can infect plants and cause plant diseases.
What kind of mold is utilized in jeans?Pumice stones were once used to create the stone wash look of the jeans. The use of stones has a number of downsides, including a risk of fabric damage and expenses for the apparatus required. The current method is biostoning using the fungus Trichoderma reesei.
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in a 100 meter run, all 3 energy systems are being utilized and providing atp for muscular contraction. select one: true false
True. in a 100-meter run, all 3 energy systems are being utilized and providing ATP for muscular contraction.
All bodily functions and activities are powered by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (movements)
When ATP is used to generate energy, it must be replenished.
ATP can be replenished (recreated) aerobically or anaerobically by the body.
The 3 energy systems are :
ATP System - Muscle cells contain very small amounts of ATP and creatine phosphate (CP). Because oxygen is not required for the process, this can provide energy quickly. The process generates no lactic acid.
The Lactic Acid System or Anaerobic Glycolysis - uses carbohydrates (glucose) stored in the muscles as glycogen. Energy is produced quickly because no oxygen is required to re-synthesise ATP. Lactic acid is also produced as an end product because no oxygen is used.
Aerobic system - To replenish ATP, this system uses carbohydrates (glucose/glycogen) and fats. Because oxygen is required for the process, energy production takes slightly longer but can last much longer. Lactic acid is not produced due to the presence of oxygen.
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If you want to protect the plants from insect damage, should you encouraged birds to forage on the plants, or put netting over the plants to keep birds out? explain your reasoning.
Birds are a natural predator of many insect species that are dangerous to plant so they should be encouraged to forage on crops to prevent insect damage. So, by allowing birds to forage on the plants, insect numbers will be reduced, thereby reducing damage to the plants.
The most common insect predators are in the beetle, true bug, lacewing, wasp, and dragonfly families, as well as some flies such as flower fly. The species of songbirds are also beneficial during nesting season because they feed on pest insects for their nestlings.
Biological control is another method used to control the pest populations. Natural enemies of insects play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pests.
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Helpp me pleaseeee
I need this in like 10 minutessss
please helpppp
The labelled parts are as follow:
RibosomesLysosomesSmooth endoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatusMitochondriaNucleusCytoplasmAnimal cells are examples of typical eukaryotic cells since they are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have a nucleus that is bound to the membrane, and include organelles. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, in contrast to the eukaryotic cells that are found in plants and fungus.
The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, and vesicles are all examples of organelles that can be found within animal cells. Despite the fact that they are not surrounded by a membrane, ribosomes are nevertheless typically categorized as organelles in eukaryotic cells.
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What is the original source of all energy for animals?
the sun
plants
sugars
other animals
Answer:
Explanation:
the sun, as all plants require the sun which inturn is eaten by animals, sun also provides vitamin d and etc to animals
Answer:
The correct answer would be C. Sugars.
In science models can be used to:
Gal4 is mutated such that it still binds to the dna but cannot interact with gal80. What effect on transcription would you expect to see in the absence of galactose?.
Gal4 is mutated such that it still binds to the DNA but cannot interact with gal80, so the effect on transcription that you would expect to see in the absence of galactose is activation of transcription.
Galactose, typically abbreviated Gal, could be a saccharide sugar that's regarding as sweet as glucose, and regarding sixty fifth as sweet as plant product. it's AN aldose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. A saccharose molecule connected with a aldohexose molecule forms a disaccharide molecule.
DNA is that the data molecule. It stores directions for creating alternative massive molecules, known as proteins. These directions are hold on within every of your cells, distributed among forty six long structures known as chromosomes. These chromosomes are created of thousands of shorter segments of DNA, known as genes.
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reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction: a.pernicious anemia b.hemolytic anemia c.iron deficiency anemia d.thalassemia e.aplastic anemia
The two types of anemia are acute anemia and chronic anemia. The main causes of acute anemia are acute hemolysis or acute blood loss. (Choose E)
What are the main causes of anemia?Your body needs iron in order to make hemoglobin. The iron-rich protein hemoglobin is what gives plasma its red color. It moves oxygenated blood to the rest of the body's tissues. The three main causes of anemia are blood loss, a lack of fresh red blood cell production, and a higher incidence of red blood cell death.
Is anemia a serious illness?Severe anemia in adults increases the risk of heart or lung issues. For instance, you could have heart issues like heart failure.
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Explain two ways in which the lens is structurally suited to perform its function.
The ciliary muscles in the eye use the zonules to adjust the flexible lens' curvature. One can focus the eye on objects at various distances from it by varying the lens's curvature. Accommodation is the name given to this process.
The cornea is located in the frontal part of the eyes and it allows the light to go inside the lens. The cornea and lens concentrate the light rays on the retina of the eye. Light is transferred to the optic nerve through electrochemical signals absorbed by the retinal cells.
The eye functions quite similarly to a camera. Depending on the amount of light required to expose the film in the camera's rear, the shutter of a camera may close or open. The eye functions in a similar manner to how a camera shutter does. How much light enters the rear of the eye is controlled by the pupil and the iris. Our pupils enlarge in extreme darkness, allowing in more light. With the aid of mirrors and other mechanical components, a camera's lens can concentrate on far-off and close-up objects.
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During mrna transcription, a dna strand has the bases ctaggt. What is the complementary strand of mrna?.
GAUCAA is the complementary strand of mRNA during mRNA transcription
The DNA serves as a template for the production of mRNA. Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), in a process known as complementary base pairing (G). Consequently, CTAGGT's complementary sequence is GATCCA.
For DNA, this would be true. But uracil replaces the thymines in the sequence of RNA, which uses thymine instead (U). The mRNA's complementary strand is therefore GAUCCA.
Gene expression begins with transcription.
To create an RNA molecule, the DNA sequence of a gene must be copied.
RNA polymerases, which join nucleotides to create an RNA strand, carry out transcription (using a DNA strand as a template).
Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three phases of transcription.
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acid deposition is formed when and , released from combustion of fossil fuels, reacts with oxygen and water in the atmosphere.
Acid deposition is formed when Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide released from combustion of fossil fuels, reacts with oxygen and water in the atmosphere.
Acid deposition results when Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas emissions from manmade and natural sources and react in the atmosphere to form nitric (HNO3) and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids.
Acid deposition is Associated to the combustion of fossil fuels, such as gasoline, oil, and coal, which releases sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) into the atmosphere. These air pollutants then react with water, oxygen, and other substances to form airborne sulfuric and nitric acid.
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Why do hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid space to the stroma through atp synthase.
This uses up ATP energy and causes the production of ADP and phosphate.
What is atp synthase ?Using adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate, ATP synthase is a protein that catalyses the synthesis of the energy-storing molecule adenosine triphosphate.
Chemiosmosis occurs when ions from the thylakoid space go through ATP synthase into the stroma to create ATP molecules, which are then employed in the second stage of photosynthesis to create sugar molecules.A hydrogen ion comes from the intermembrane space and enters the ATP synthase complex before leaving it on the matrix space. A fresh hydrogen ion entering causes the upper portion of the ATP synthase complex to rotate.Learn more about ATP synthase here:
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If 2 purple radihe are cro pollinated,what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the F generation
To estimate the genotypic and phenotypic ratio, calculate the wide variety of Punnett squares with every allele combination.
So, in this situation, one Punnett square for both RR and RR and Punnett rectangular boxes for Rr. Calculating Punnett rectangular ratios as 1:2:1 will deliver the genotypic ratio.
The genotypic ratio suggests the variety of instances that genes for certain tendencies are crossed, a characteristic of an organism can be visible in the offspring. 1:2:1 is the genotypic ratio for this go. every gene has 2 alleles or variations, one from each figure, in animals and flowers.
Within the offspring of monohybrid crosses or F2 technology, Mendel, again and again, discovered a phenotype ratio of three vegetation with the dominant phenotype to at least one plant with the recessive phenotype (3:1 phenotype ratio) inside the F2 generation.
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Madison is trying to determine which science investigation she should do for the school science fair. She knows that some investigations involve an experiment and that some only involve making observations. Which question is one that she can answer by performing a scientific experiment, instead of only making observations?.
A. She can answer the biological question of which fruit DNA extraction technique yields the most by conducting a scientific experiment rather than just making observations.
An biological experiment where several observations and tests are done to support or refute the notion An notion or statement that has not yet been shown to be true is called a hypothesis. This hypothesis is used as the basis for the experiment's execution. In a scientific experiment ( DNA extraction technique), analysis ,researchers may find a previously unidentified observations, idea, or product. A technique known as the scientific method includes the scientific biological experiment. The various steps include Observing, posing a query, formulating a hypothesis, and conducting experiments To test a hypothesis, data collection, analysis, conclusion, and reporting are all required.
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A diagram of chloroplast stroma and thylakoid lumen showing chemical energy, ferredoxin, ferredoxin-N A D p reductase, A D P synthase, and oxygen-evolving complex.
What would happen if the electron transport system in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis was disabled for some reason?
If the electron transport system in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis gets disabled, then the energy components like ATP and NADPH would not be formed and thus the light independent reaction that synthesize sugar will also not occur.
Electron transport system is a series of electron transporters that transport the electrons which ultimately result in the synthesis of ATP and NADPH. This is a light-dependent reaction.
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing food for the plant by capturing the inorganic raw materials like sunlight, water and carbon dioxide and forming sugar and also a byproduct oxygen. It consists of light dependent and light independent reactions.
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What are five 5 reasons why premarital sex is strongly discouraged?.
Premarital sex is Selfish Premarital sex is not romantic, Out of Curiosity, No parental guidance, Canine Love.
Premarital sex is always about the individual, never about the other. If it were, we wouldn't be putting our future marriage, the other person's health, their ability to become pregnant, the spread of illness, their emotional welfare, and their spiritual wellbeing at danger. When pre-marital sex occurs, it is always about me and only me.Love can be summed up in the term "gift" since it is "choosing what is best for the other, notwithstanding the cost to myself." Being a selfless gift for others is how we are called to love them. Therefore, it is not love when we make decisions that are selfish and bad for the other. By definition, premarital sex is ALWAYS an unloving act.Young people frequently begin having premarital sex out of curiosity. Without considering the potential results, they just want to have fun and fall in love at the same time. The majority of teenagers are naturally interested, especially during the adolescent years.Premarital sex is always a possibility for teenagers who are not as closely watched by their parents. Teenagers would have plenty of time to experiment with and practice premarital sex if both parents were employed full-time and there was no one else at home. When they get into marriage phase they will be guided by parents.Teenagers in general have a tendency to think and mature quickly. Teenagers believe they have developed and met their true love throughout adolescence because it is the period between childhood and adulthood then marriage. the person they want to spend their entire lives with. However, the issue typically starts at this point because the majority of teenagers don't engage in safe sex and have a propensity to become pregnant at a young age.To know more about premarital sex check the below link:
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The amino acid serine is coded by the mrna codon agu. What is the base sequence of the dna gene that originally produced this mrna codon?(1 point).
The amino acid serine is coded by the mRNA codon AGU. TCA is the base sequence of the DNA gene that originally produced this mRNA codon.
The PURINES and PYRIMIDINES sequence in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also known as a nucleotide sequence. Each codon in mRNA is made up of three bases, and each codon specifies a specific amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble the chain of amino acids that make up a protein in the correct order.
TCAs, which are structurally and chemically related to phenothiazines, were originally developed as potential neuroleptic drugs. A codon is a three-nucleotide (DNA or RNA) sequence that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a specific amino acid or signaling the end of protein synthesis.
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What is the easiest way to determine whether a molecular structure is polar or non-polar?.
Polar molecules have a uniform distribution of electron density. A nonpolar molecule have unequal distribution of electron density.
All covalent bonds which are polar in nature should be represented by pointing arrows toward a more electronegative atom. Polar molecules have a net dipole.
On the other hand Non-polar molecules do not have a net dipole. Polar molecules have a high boiling point and a high melting point. while Non-polar molecules have a low boiling point and a low melting point.
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