QUESTION 13 B.F. Skinner was known for training animals in operant conditioning. True False QUESTION 14 Media violence and aggressive video games decrease viewers' level of emotional arousal. True False QUESTION 15 Consider a child who is burned by touching a hot stove. The sight of the stove may evoke fear, and because hearing the word stove may evoke a mental image of the stove, just hearing the word may evoke fear. The child shows discrimination towards the hot stove. True False

The angle of impact of the projectile with the horizontal ground is 26°.

A projectile is formed when an object is thrown in space and the only force acting on it is gravity. Angle of Impact also known as acute angle is made by the velocity vector and the normal to the target surface.

A very well known study of angle of impact is that of blood splatter analysis.

Initial velocity of the projectile is

As the projectile is thrown horizontally the vertical component of the initial velocity is vxy=0

Horizontal component= vix= 11.5m/s

As gravitational acceleration is acting vertically downward let the vertical component of the velocity after time t=0.570s is,

vfy=0+gt

vfy=0+(0.981*0.570)

vfy= 5.59m/s

Horizontal component of the velocity does not change as there is no horizontal acceleration.

so the horizontal component of the final velocity is

vfx=vix=11.5m/s

if Ф be the angle with the horizontal then,

tan Ф=vfy/vfx

tanФ= 5.59/11.5

tanФ=0.486

Ф=tan∧-10.486

Ф=26°

So, the angle of impact of the projectile with the horizontal is 26°

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The velocity of the satellite is V = [tex]\frac{V}{\sqrt{6} }[/tex]

The speed at which one body orbits the other body is known as the orbital velocity. The term "orbit" refers to an object's consistent circular motion around the Earth. The distance between the object and the earth's center determines the orbit's velocity.

In contrast to the orbital velocity, the angular velocity of the revolving disc is constant at all mass sites (of which the disc is composed). The orbital velocity, on the other hand, rotates the disk in a different direction at each site and is tangential to the circular orbit.

We can derive the mathematical equation of orbital velocity :

v = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{GM}{r} }[/tex]

where, v = orbital velocity

G = gravitational constant

M = mass of the satellite

r = radius

V = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{GM}{6r} }[/tex]

V = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{1}{6} }[/tex] ×    [tex]\sqrt{\frac{GM}{r} }[/tex]

Thus we can write it as:

V = [tex]\frac{V}{\sqrt{6} }[/tex]

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The proportion of the total energy input that is put to use in a solar cell is known as its efficiency, so this is a true statement.

A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is a type of electronic device that uses the photovoltaic effect to convert light energy directly into electricity.

Energy is the ability to perform work. It could exist in several different forms, such as potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, radioactive, etc. Additionally, there is heat and work, that is energy being transferred from one body to another. It is always assigned based on its nature once it has been transmitted. Thus, heat transmitted may manifest as thermal energy while work performed may result in mechanical energy.

Hence, the proportion of the total energy input that is put to use in a solar cell is known as its efficiency, so this is a true statement.

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the energy of ultraviolet radiation that has a wavelength is 6.95*[tex]10^{-19}[/tex] kj/photon

calculation :

1.E =hc/λ

λ = hc/E

 = [tex]\frac{6.6626*10^{-34}*3*10^{8} }{1.99*10^{-19} }[/tex]

 = [tex]1.0*10^{-8}m[/tex]

2 . E =hc/λ

    λ = hc/E

       =  [tex]\frac{6.6626*10^{-34}*3*10^{8} }{3.97*10^{-19} }[/tex]

      = 501 nm

3 . λ = 286 nm

     E =hc/λ

        =   [tex]\frac{6.6626*10^{-34}*3*10^{8} }{286}[/tex]

        =  6.95*[tex]10^{-19}[/tex] kj/photon

In physics, energy is the quantitative property transmitted to the body or physical system, perceived in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is Conserved - The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed into form, but cannot be created or destroyed. The unit of measure for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J).

Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of moving bodies, the potential energy stored in bodies (due to their position in the field, etc.), the elastic energy stored in fixed bodies, the chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, Radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation and internal energy contained in thermodynamic systems. All living things absorb and emit energy all the time.

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An object is acted on by a single non zero force of magnitude f will have zero acceleration , angular acceleration and also in mechanical equilibrium.

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If sunlight were green instead of white, the most comfortable color to wear on a cold day would be red color.

The radiation of light can be defined as an energy of light that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Light absorption is a process by which light is absorbed and converted into energy.

The radiation of light is the opposite of absorption of light.

Black materials are known for their excellent absorption of sunlight while the white materials are known for their excellent reflection or radiation of sunlight.

In a color wheel, the white is the opposite of black light. Also the red light is the opposite of green light.

Thus, the color of material that will perfectly oppose the green light would be red color or light, because in the color wheel the opposite of white color is black and the opposite of green color is red color.

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c) The acceleration of gravity is the same for everyone, governs the theory of relativity.

The theory replaced a 200-year-old theory of mechanics principally developed by Isaac Newton and revolutionized theoretical physics and astronomy during the 20th century. It introduced ideas like simultaneity, kinematic and gravitational time dilation, length contraction, and 4-dimensional spacetime as a unified entity of space and time. Relativity brought us the nuclear age while also advancing our understanding of elementary particles and their basic interactions. Cosmology and astrophysics predicted remarkable astronomical phenomena like neutron stars, black holes, and gravitational waves with relativity.

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Because different materials originate at various distances from the sun, different densities develop at various distances.

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When there is a * 1 point difference in resistance across the ends of a wire, electrons start to flow through it.

From the negative terminal to the positive terminal, electrons move through the conductor. The negative terminal repels them, whereas the positive terminal attracts them.

The particles are positioned closely together and in a predictable sequence. Metal atoms' unbound outer electrons surround the tightly packed positive ions in a "sea" of delocalized or free negative charge. These free electrons are referred to as free electrons. They have unrestricted movement throughout the metallic building.

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Y component of momentum before collision  = -0.271 Kg m/s.

Y component of momentum before collision  = - mv

Using Energy Conservation -

mgh = 0.5m[tex]v^{2}[/tex]

v= [tex]\sqrt{2gh}[/tex]

v = [tex]\sqrt{2*9.8*1.5}[/tex]

v = - 5.42 m/s

Y component of momentum before collision  = - 50×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] ×5.42 Kgm/s

Y component of momentum before collision  = -0.271 Kg m/s

Momentum is made of the mass of a particle and its speed. Momentum is a vector amount; i.e., it has both value and path. Isaac Newton's second regulation of motion states that the time charge of the exchange of momentum is the same as the pressure acting on the particle. See Newton's laws of motion.

In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (greater in particular linear momentum or translational momentum) is made from the mass and speed of an object. it is a standard mechanical amount. it's far a vector amount, possessing importance and direction. Momentum is a vector quantity: it has both significance and direction. because momentum has a path, it can be used to are expecting the resulting direction and speed of movement of objects when they collide. below, the basic residences of momentum are described in a single measurement.

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(Option C) The car is stopped on a hill. When a car is stopped on a hill, a net force is acting on the car due to gravity.

When a car is stopped on a hill, it is experiencing a net force due to gravity. This force is the result of the downward pull of gravity and the car's brakes, which counteract the gravity and keep the car from rolling down the hill. The car is essentially in a state of equilibrium since the opposing forces of gravity and the brakes are equal and opposite, meaning the net force on the car is zero. However, if the brakes were to suddenly fail, then the net force on the car would be the downward pull of gravity, causing the car to roll down the hill.

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The new frequency of the tightened string is 201.5 Hz.

Let's assume that the strings both start out vibrating at 200 Hz.

The frequency of the tightened string must be slightly higher than 200 Hz in order to produce 3 beats per second. We can calculate the new frequency of the tightened string by using the formula:

Frequency of the tightened string = (frequency of the other string) +/- (3 beats/second ÷ 2)

so,

Frequency of tightened string = 200 Hz +/- (3 beats/second ÷ 2)

Frequency of tightened string = 200 Hz +/- 1.5 Hz

Therefore, the new frequency of the tightened string is 201.5 Hz.

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The planet's orbits would move inward due to the drag that the gas inside the solar nebula would cause.

A planet's orbit may alter as a result of gravitational collisions with several planetesimals. The buildup of angular momentum transfers during contacts between planetesimals and a planet leads to planetesimal-driven migration.

Although the dust & gases inside a nebula are widely dispersed, gravity can start to gradually gather some of the gas and dust clumps. These clusters' gravitational pull increases as they become larger and larger. The mass of gas and dust eventually grows so large that gravity causes it to collapse.

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No, the radiating electric field lines are not around a charged particle straight lines when the particle moves at constant velocity.

An electric property that is connected with any location in space where a charge exists in any form is electric field. The electric force per unit charge is also termed as electric field. The formula for electric field is: E=F/Q

Where, The electric field is denoted by E, force by F and charge is Q.

When a charged particle is moves with a constant velocity then it is equivalent to an electric current which creates the magnetic field and electric field both around it. An electromagnetic field is generated when charged particles are accelerated. A stationary charge will produce an electric field in the surrounding space.

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Answer:

The correct answer is option d

Explanation:

because blood pressure decreases as blood moves away from the heart, which is why the heart needs to generate enough pressure so that blood can return to the heart. The pressure drops due to friction between the vessel's walls and the moving blood which exerts a force opposite to the flow of blood, thereby slowing it down. Option a is incorrect because some blood vessels like elastic arteries are not passive and can actually exert a force on the moving blood to help maintain pressure, nevertheless, the blood pressure does decrease due to frictional forces exerted by the vessel walls. Options b and c are incorrect because blood pressure decreases once it leaves the heart.

Answer:

P-waves and S-waves are types of seismic waves that are generated during an earthquake. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's interior and can be detected by seismometers.

P-waves, also known as primary waves or pressure waves, are compressional waves that move through the Earth by alternately squeezing and stretching the material through which they pass. They can travel through solid, liquid, and gaseous materials, and are the fastest type of seismic wave. P-waves are often the first waves to be detected during an earthquake, and are used to locate the epicenter of the earthquake.

S-waves, also known as secondary waves or shear waves, are transverse waves that move through the Earth by causing the material through which they pass to vibrate at right angles to the direction of the wave. S-waves can only travel through solid materials, and are slower than P-waves. They are used to determine the depth and intensity of an earthquake, as well as the composition and structure of the Earth's interior.

One way to differentiate between P-waves and S-waves is by the way they move through the Earth. P-waves move in the same direction as the wave, while S-waves move at right angles to the direction of the wave. Another way to differentiate between the two types of waves is by their frequency and wavelength. P-waves have a higher frequency and shorter wavelength than S-waves.

Explanation:

Circuit you ultimately want to measure the power dissipation of the 2.0 is The sum of the voltage drops across each resistor is zero.

Apply the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law to the above two loops.

For Loop 1

2 - i1 + 2i2 - 4 - i1 = 0

i2 - i1 = 2

For loop 2

4  - 2i2 + i3 - 4 + i3 = 0

i3 = i2

The sum of the voltage drops across each resistor is zero. The sign of the higher potential is taken as positive and the sign of the lower potential is taken as negative.

The sum of the voltage drops across each resistor is zero. The sign of the higher potential is taken as positive and the sign of the lower potential is taken as negative.

The voltage drop in an electrical circuit is the reduction in electrical potential along the current's course. Voltage drops across conductors, contacts, and connectors are undesirable because they result in energy loss from the source's internal resistance, conductors, and contacts. The amount of power available to be transformed in that load to another useable form of energy is inversely correlated with the voltage drop across the electrical load.

For instance, an electric space heater might have a resistance of ten ohms, whereas the wires that power it might have a resistance of only two ohms, or about 2% of the circuit's total resistance. This indicates that 2% or more of the supplied voltage is wasted in the wire itself. Voltage drops could be too great.

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According to the solve solution 2.167 m  is the unstretched length of the spring .

Hooke aimed to show how a spring's elasticity and the forces acting on it are related. Hooke's Law asserts that the elongation of a force is proportionate to the load which is supplied to it. As long as the load somehow doesn't above the material's elastic limit, a variety of materials will adhere to this rule.

The pendulum's parameter is equal to half the bounce's angular frequency since we know that linear frequency and angular frequency are proportional, with ω = 2πf.

√[ g / L ] = ½√[ k / m ]

4g / L = k / m

L = 4mg / k

L= 4 (1.15 N) / (1.59 N/m)

L= 2.89 m  

The length of the springtime with the apple connected is seen above. The spring extended far when you attached the fruit.

So, F = ks  

⇒  s = F / k

s = mg / k

s= (1.15 N) / (1.59 N/m)

s = 0.723 m

The spring therefore had the following length before you attached the apple:

2.89  - 0.723 = 2.167 m

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The complete question is -

An apple weighs 1.15 N. When you hang it from the end of a long spring of force constant 1.59 N/m and negligible mass, it bounces up and down in SHM. If you stop the bouncing and let the apple swing from side to side through a small angle, the frequency of this simple pendulum is half the bounce frequency. (Because the angle is small, the back and forth swings do not cause any appreciable change in the length of the spring.)

What is the unstretched length of the spring (i.e., without the apple attached)?

In the Doppler effect it is important to distinguish between

O Frequency and the Speed.

The Doppler effect tracks the change or variation in the frequency of a wave in response to the movement its source in a direction towards or away from it.

The distinction between frequency and and speed is very important in Doppler effect as the movement of the source towards or away from the wave cause the wave to spread out or bunch up depending upon the given area such that it leads to the change in the pitch of the wave.

The more the speed, i.e the faster that the source moves the greater would be the change created in the pitch.

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The angular velocity of the rod with some angle is 6.60rad/s.

9.8=3 w²/4

w=6.60rad/s

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After metric unit conversion, a measurement in the metric system that is represented by a rational number stays that way.

Several concepts have been recognised as a result of the historical development of metric systems. A single basic unit of measurement expresses each of nature's essential dimensions. Instead of replicating actual artefacts, the definition of base units is increasingly being derived from natural principles. Units derived from the base units are used for values deriving from the system's fundamental base units; for instance, the square metre serves as the derived unit for area, a quantity deriving from length. These derived units are coherent, which implies that they don't include any empirical elements and solely include the products of the powers of the base units.

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Answer:

10.4 m/s²

Explanation:

use the formula:  V² = Vo² - 2aΔx

Plug in the known values then solve for a.  Vo = 0 because the car starts from rest.

(25 m/s)² = 0 + 2a(30m)

a = (625 m²/s²)/(2)(30m) = 10.4 m/s²

It is false to say that speed of pulse remains v after adding the second weight w on the vertical string.

As a result, the linear thicknesses of the two threads affect the string's velocity. Linear density is defined as the mass / unit length. String mass divided by string length equals linear density (m/l). The strain of the strings affects the string's wave velocity as well.

In a string, the speed of the transverse wave v is determined by:

v=√T / √μ

where,

T represents the tension in the string

μ represents the linear mass density defined for the string

Currently, given the circumstance,

When weight (W) is suspended from a thin vertical string, the wave's velocity (V) is:

v=√W / √μ ----(eq1)

The wave's speed changes to v when a weight of W is added, as follows:

v′ = √2W /√μ -----(eq2)

After comparing eq1 and eq2, we observe that

The speed will rise by around two times the previous speed after adding the same amount of weight to the specified light string.

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The electric flux through each gaussian was said to be q

what is electric flux ?

The electric flux is the amount of electric field that flows through a covered surface. According to Gauss's law, which is given by the equation, the electric flux through a surface is proportional to the charge inside the surface.

Фe=∅E x dA

=Qin/∈

The electrical flux is determined by the charges inside the closed path. Any flux caused by charges outside of the closed surface is zero.

Concerning the enclosed surface,

step 1

∅a=-q/∈o

q1+q3=-q------1

∅b = 3q/∈o

q1+q2=3q------2

∅c = -2q/∈o

q3+q2= -2q-------3

step 2

q1=3q-q2

q1+q3=-q

3q-q2+q3=-q

q3=q2=-4q-------4

eq3+eq4

q3+q2=-2q + q3-q2=-4q

2q3=-6q

q3=3q

step 3

q1=-q-q3

=-q-(-3q)

=2q

use this value in eq 2

q2=3q-q1

=3q-2q

=q

the electric flux through each was said to be q

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The five molecules with speeds of 2.8 m/s, 3.2 m/s, 5.8 m/s, 7.3 m/s, and 7.4 m/s have a root-mean-square speed of 5.7 m/s.

The fact that

The square root of the total squared speeds of all individual gas particle or molecules speeds is known as the root mean square speed.

step 1

determine the square of the velocity of particular particles

2.8²----> 7.84

3.2²——>10.24

5.8²----> 33.64

7.3²----> 53.29

7.4²---> 54.76

average=[7.84+10.24+33.64+53.29+54.76]/5-----> 159.77/5----> 31.954

step 2

determine the square root of the average

√31.954=5.65

therefore

the solution is

5.7 m/s

The value of the square root of the sum of the squares of the stacking velocity values divided by the quantity of values is the root-mean square (RMS) velocity. The RMS velocity is the speed of a wave traveling along a certain ray path across strata beneath the surface that have varying interval velocities.

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The  percentage of the mechanical energy of the oscillation is 6%.

The amplitude of a lightly damped oscillator decreases by 3.0% during each cycle. we need to calculate the percentage of the mechanical energy of the oscillation.

Since the energy is proportional to the amplitude squared, we find the fractional change (assumed small) is,

(E' - E)/E ≈ dE/E = dx²/x² = 2xdx/x² = 2dx/x

Thus, if we approximate the fractional change in  x as dx/x

, then the above calculation shows that multiplying this by  2  should give the fractional energy change. So, if  x  decreases by  3%, then  E  must decrease by  6.0%

Therefore, if the the amplitude of a lightly damped oscillator decreases by 3.0% during each cycle the  percentage of the mechanical energy of the oscillation is 6%.

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Earth's magnetic field  causes cosmic radiation to be deflected around Earth.

Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun. The magnetic field is generated by electric currents due to the motion of convection currents of a mixture of molten iron and nickel in Earth's outer core: these convection currents are caused by heat escaping from the core, a natural process called a geodynamo.

The magnitude of Earth's magnetic field at its surface ranges from 25 to 65 μT (0.25 to 0.65 G). As an approximation, it is represented by a field of a magnetic dipole currently tilted at an angle of about 11° with respect to Earth's rotational axis, as if there were an enormous bar magnet placed at that angle through the center of Earth.

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Wave a carries more energy than wave b. Wave b has a smaller amplitude than wave a.

Those waves carry an amount of energy that can be measured. The energy in a wave is determined by two variables. One is amplitude, which is the distance from the rest position of a wave to the top or bottom. Large amplitude waves contain more energy. Wave A has greater intensity and transfers more energy. Wave B has greater intensity and transfers more energy. Waves that require matter to transfer energy are mechanical waves. The matter through which a mechanical wave travels is called a medium. A mechanical wave travels as energy is transferred from particle to particle in the medium. There are two kinds of mechanical waves. The greater the amplitude of the wave the greater the wave's energy. ... A wavelength will travel only as long as it has the energy to carry. Gamma rays

Gamma rays have the highest energies, the shortest wavelengths, and the highest frequencies. Radio waves, on the other hand, have the lowest energies, longest wavelengths, and lowest frequencies of any type of EM radiation. Electromagnetic waves cause oscillations in electrical and magnetic fields. It is important to remember that all waves transfer energy but they do not transfer matter. For example, if a ball is placed on the surface of a pond when ripples move across it, the ball will move up and down but not outwards with the wave.

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The rocket's escape speed from the surface of a planet with twice earth's mass and the same radius as earth is √(2GM/r).

Escape speed with the speed at which the kinetic energy of the satellite is exactly equal to the negative amount of potential energy within the satellite/mass system. That is

1/2mv2 = |-GMm/r| which gives the escape speed ve = √(2GM/r)

The earth's surface escape speed is roughly 11.186 km/s. Accordingly, "an object needs have a starting velocity of at least 11.186 km/s to escape the gravity of the earth and fly to infinity."

The escape velocity vesc is expressed as vesc = Square root of√2GM/r,where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the attracting mass, and r is the distance from the centre of that mass.

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Answer:

Newtowns for force , kg for mass , and meters per second