Question 16 Who were the first inhabitants of North America? O Incas O Nomads O Wayfarers 2 pts

Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere could potentially reduce the warming trend, but it would not be a complete solution to the problem of global climate change.

Carbon dioxide is only one of many greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Additionally, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on a large scale would be a complex and expensive process, requiring significant energy and resources. Furthermore, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere too quickly could have unintended consequences, such as disrupting ecosystems or changing weather patterns. A more comprehensive approach to addressing global climate change would likely involve a combination of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, and implementing carbon capture and storage technologies.

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B) close to volcanic vents on its ocean floor

If life exists in the subsurface ocean of Europa, it is most likely to have originated in close proximity to volcanic vents on its ocean floor. Similar to the hydrothermal vent ecosystems found on Earth, these volcanic vents on Europa could provide a favorable environment for life to thrive. T

he vents release mineral-rich fluids and heat into the surrounding water, creating a potential energy and nutrient source for organisms. The combination of heat, minerals, and chemical reactions at these hydrothermal vents could provide the necessary conditions for life to emerge and evolve.

Additionally, the presence of volcanic activity suggests a dynamic and active environment, which could further support the development of life. Although there is still much to learn about Europa and its subsurface ocean, the similarities with Earth's hydrothermal vent systems make vent environments a promising candidate for the origin of life on Europa.

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Answer: in late june

Explanation:

In Australia, the shortest days and the longest nights occur during the southern hemisphere winter, which takes place between June and August.

During this time, the southern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, causing sunlight to be spread over a larger surface area and resulting in less direct sunlight for any given location. This causes a decrease in daylight hours and an increase in the length of the night. As a result, the winter solstice in Australia occurs around June 21 or 22, marking the shortest day of the year. After the winter solstice, the days gradually start getting longer again until the summer solstice, which occurs around December 21 or 22.

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The residence time refers to the average length of time that a drop of water remains within a specific system.

In the context of hydrology and Earth sciences, residence time is a concept used to describe the average amount of time that a water molecule or drop of water spends within a particular compartment or system. It represents the average time it takes for water to enter and exit a given reservoir or component of the hydrological cycle.

The residence time can vary depending on the specific system being considered. For example, it can refer to the average time water spends in a lake, an aquifer, or even the atmosphere. Residence time is influenced by various factors such as the size of the reservoir, rates of inflow and outflow, and the dynamics of water movement within the system. Understanding residence times is crucial for studying water availability, nutrient cycling, and the transport of contaminants within different compartments of the water cycle.

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The width of the Atlantic Ocean between the coast of Namibia and Brazil along the latitude of 20 degrees S is approximately 56 degrees of longitude.

The width of the Atlantic Ocean between the coast of Namibia and Brazil along the latitude of 20 degrees S can be calculated by finding the difference in longitude between the two locations.

The approximate longitude coordinates for the coast of Namibia are around 13 degrees E, and the approximate longitude coordinates for Brazil are around 43 degrees W.

To calculate the width, we need to find the absolute difference between the two longitudes:

43 degrees - (-13 degrees) = 43 degrees + 13 degrees = 56 degrees

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This statement is generally correct. The movement of tectonic plates, which make up the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, is generally measured in centimeters per year.

The average rate of plate motion is estimated to be about 2 to 10 centimeters per year, depending on the specific location and direction of the plate movement. This is roughly the same rate at which human fingernails grow, which is about 1 to 3 millimeters per month, or 1 to 2 centimeters per year.

It's worth noting, however, that plate motion is not uniform and can vary over time and in different regions. In some places, plates may move much more quickly, such as along mid-ocean ridges where new crust is being formed, while in other areas the plates may be stationary or even moving in opposite directions. Nevertheless, on average, the rate of plate motion can be compared to the growth rate of human fingernails.

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In an El Niño year, the number of hurricanes from the North Atlantic Ocean is typically less than average. This is because El Niño causes the ocean waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean to warm up, which in turn causes a shift in the atmospheric circulation patterns.

These changes in atmospheric circulation patterns lead to increased wind shear over the Atlantic, which can inhibit the development of hurricanes. Additionally, El Niño can also lead to the development of high-pressure systems over the Atlantic, which can further suppress hurricane activity. It is important to note that while El Niño can reduce hurricane activity in the North Atlantic, it can also increase hurricane activity in other parts of the world, such as the western Pacific.

Overall, El Niño is a complex phenomenon that can have wide-ranging impacts on weather patterns and climate around the globe.

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Spain's North African coastal exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla have land borders with Morocco.

Ceuta and Melilla are two autonomous cities of Spain located on the northern coast of Africa. They are considered as Spanish territories and are situated on the Mediterranean coast, across from the Strait of Gibraltar. Both Ceuta and Melilla share land borders with the Kingdom of Morocco.

Ceuta is located on a small peninsula, bordered by Morocco to the east and south, while Melilla is situated further east along the coast, sharing a land border with Morocco to the west and southwest. These border areas are significant in terms of immigration, trade, and regional dynamics between Spain and Morocco.

The status of Ceuta and Melilla has been a subject of political and territorial dispute between Spain and Morocco, with both countries asserting their claims over these territories.

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Since angles A and B are complementary angles, we have: sin A = cos (90° - A) = cos B. Given sin A = 47/50, we can find cos B as: cos B = sin A = 47/50. Therefore, the answer is 4/7. The correct option is B.

Complementary angles are two angles whose sum is equal to 90 degrees (a right angle). For example, if one angle measures 30 degrees, then its complementary angle measures 60 degrees (30 + 60 = 90). In trigonometry, complementary angles are important because the ratios of their trigonometric functions are related in a special way. For instance, if sin A = x, then cos B (where B is the complementary angle of A) is also equal to x.

Thus, the ideal selection is option B.

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Divergent plate boundary, is found. You would expect to find the youngest crust along a divergent plate boundary.

Divergent plate boundaries occur when tectonic plates move away from each other. This movement creates a gap or rift between the plates, allowing magma from the mantle to rise to the surface. The magma cools and solidifies, forming new crust.

As the plates continue to move apart, new magma rises, creating a continuous process of crust formation. Therefore, the crust near the divergent plate boundary is relatively young compared to other areas. An example of a divergent plate boundary is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian Plate and North American Plate are moving away from each other, resulting in the formation of new oceanic crust.

The youngest crust is typically found near the center of the ridge, where the divergence is most active. Over time, the newly formed crust moves away from the divergent boundary and becomes older as it undergoes further geological processes.

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The island chain that is located near 26"W and 38"N latitude is the Azores. It is a group of nine islands that are situated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

The Azores are a part of Portugal and are located about 1,360 kilometers (850 miles) west of Lisbon. They are known for their stunning landscapes, volcanic craters, and hot springs. The islands are also popular for whale watching, hiking, and diving. The Azores are situated in a strategic location in the middle of the Atlantic, which makes them an important stop for transatlantic flights and shipping routes. The islands have a rich history and culture that have been shaped by their geographic location and their proximity to the sea. In summary, the Azores are a beautiful island chain located near 26"W and 38"N latitude in the Atlantic.

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Answer:

B. South.

Explanation:

For maximum winter warmth, in the Northern Hemisphere, large windows in a house should face south.

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The given statement "the kalahari desert of southern africa is home to the foraging group known as the ju/'hoansi san" is true.

The Kalahari Desert in southern Africa is indeed home to the Ju/'hoansi San people. The Ju/'hoansi are a foraging group of hunter-gatherers who have traditionally lived in the Kalahari Desert region, which spans parts of Namibia, Botswana, and Angola. They have a rich cultural heritage and have adapted their lifestyle to survive in the desert environment. The Ju/'hoansi are known for their extensive knowledge of the local flora and fauna and their hunting and gathering practices.

The Ju/'hoansi San people, also referred to as the !Kung San or the San Bushmen, are one of the most well-known indigenous groups in southern Africa. Here are some additional details about them:

Hunter-Gatherer Lifestyle: The Ju/'hoansi have traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle as hunter-gatherers. They rely on hunting game, such as antelope, ostrich, and small mammals, as well as gathering edible plants, nuts, and fruits for sustenance. Their profound knowledge of the environment and its resources allows them to survive in the harsh conditions of the Kalahari Desert.

Social Structure: The Ju/'hoansi San have a relatively egalitarian social structure. Decision-making is often based on consensus, and there is a strong emphasis on cooperation and sharing within the community. Gender roles are relatively fluid, with both men and women participating in hunting and gathering activities.

Language and Communication: The Ju/'hoansi San have a unique language called Ju/'hoan, characterized by its use of click consonants. This linguistic feature sets their language apart from many other indigenous and mainstream languages in the region. Their communication extends beyond spoken words and includes an intricate system of nonverbal cues and gestures.

Knowledge and Survival Skills: The Ju/'hoansi San possess extensive knowledge about their environment. They have honed their tracking abilities, understanding animal behavior patterns, and recognizing edible plants. This knowledge is passed down through generations, ensuring their ability to survive in the challenging desert environment.

Cultural Significance: The Ju/'hoansi San have a rich cultural heritage, including a strong connection to their land and ancestral traditions. They have a profound spiritual belief system, often centered around the concept of the "supreme being" or the "great power." Rituals, ceremonies, storytelling, and dance are integral to their cultural practices and are often associated with healing, initiation, and social cohesion.

Challenges and Modernization: Like many indigenous communities, the Ju/'hoansi San have faced various challenges due to encroachment on their traditional lands, restrictions on hunting and gathering activities, and the influence of modernization. Some Ju/'hoansi have settled in permanent villages and have had to adapt to new ways of life, including engagement in wage labor and integration with neighboring societies.

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Rotating systems are created as a result of the air being deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere by the Coriolis force cyclone.

Category 5 storms have higher wind speeds, but category 1 storms can be more damaging for a number of reasons. First, compared to category 5 hurricanes, category 1 storms are frequently larger in magnitude, which means that their effects may be more broad. Furthermore, category 1 hurricanes have the potential to generate substantial storm surges that might cause flooding and harm to coastal areas. Finally, category 1 storms have a tendency to stay in one place longer than category 5 storms, which can result in longer periods of time with heavy rain and flooding.

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which is based on the storm's sustained wind speeds, can be used to define the stage of development of a tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones in category 1 have sustained winds between 74 and 95 mph, while those in category 5 have winds of 157 mph or more.

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The instrument that allowed Galileo to give evidence for a sun-centered solar system was the telescope.

In 1609, Galileo constructed a telescope with a magnification of 30x and began observing the heavens. With his telescope, he was able to observe the phases of Venus, which was evidence that Venus was orbiting the Sun and not the Earth. He also observed the four largest moons of Jupiter, now known as the Galilean moons, orbiting Jupiter instead of the Earth. This showed that not all celestial bodies orbited the Earth, but instead, some orbited other planets. Galileo's observations were controversial at the time and challenged the geocentric view of the universe, which held that the Earth was the center of the solar system. However, his observations provided strong evidence for a sun-centered solar system, which has since been widely accepted.

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The TRUE statements about the Valles Marineris canyon on Mars are: a) It is longer than the Grand Canyon in Arizona. b) It is deeper than the Grand Canyon in Arizona.

a) The Valles Marineris canyon on Mars is indeed longer than the Grand Canyon in Arizona. Valles Marineris stretches approximately 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles) in length, while the Grand Canyon has a length of about 446 kilometers (277 miles).

b) Valles Marineris is also deeper than the Grand Canyon. It reaches depths of up to 7 kilometers (4.3 miles), while the Grand Canyon has a maximum depth of around 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles).

c) The statement that Valles Marineris could nearly reach from the Pacific Coast to the Atlantic Coast if placed in the United States is not true. Valles Marineris, although extensive, does not span such a vast distance.

d) There is no evidence of current flowing water in Valles Marineris. Mars' current conditions do not support liquid water, and any water that might have existed in the past is believed to have largely evaporated or frozen.

e) Valles Marineris is not as wide as Australia. Australia is approximately 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles) wide, whereas Valles Marineris has an average width of about 200 kilometers (120 miles) but can reach up to 600 kilometers (370 miles) in certain places.

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False. The largest river in terms of discharge is the Amazon River in South America, which has an average discharge of 209,000 cubic meters per second.

The Nile River, on the other hand, has an average discharge of 2,830 cubic meters per second. However, the Nile River is the longest river in the world, stretching over 6,650 kilometers from its source in Burundi to its mouth in Egypt. It is also considered to be a very important river in terms of history, culture, and economic importance to the countries it flows through, including Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Overall, while the Nile River may not be the largest river in terms of discharge, it is still a significant and influential river in the world.

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False. Red mud or brown clay deposits are not typically found under oceanic regions of high biological productivity.

These deposits, also known as pelagic clay or abyssal clay, are primarily composed of fine-grained particles that settle slowly in the deep ocean. They consist mainly of clay minerals, such as smectite and illite, along with some other components like volcanic ash and microorganisms' remains.

Oceanic regions of high biological productivity, such as upwelling zones or areas near coastlines, are characterized by the presence of abundant marine life and high nutrient content.

The biological activity in these regions leads to the accumulation of organic matter and the deposition of biogenic sediments, such as diatomaceous earth or calcium carbonate-rich oozes. These sediments are typically lighter in color and have a different composition compared to red mud or brown clay deposits.

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A very large volcano with gentle slopes is a shield volcano, which is comprised of basaltic lava flows.

A shield volcano is a type of volcano characterized by its broad, low-profile shape with gentle slopes. It is formed by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lava flows that spread out in all directions from a central vent. Shield volcanoes are typically large in size and have a broad summit crater.

They are associated with non-explosive, effusive eruptions where the lava flows steadily and travels long distances before solidifying. The basaltic lava flows of shield volcanoes have low viscosity, allowing them to flow easily and create the characteristic wide and gently sloping shape. Examples of shield volcanoes include Mauna Loa in Hawaii and the Galapagos Islands volcanoes.

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Yes, it is true that we have observed extrasolar planets passing in front of their stars, a phenomenon called a transit.

These transits provide valuable information about the properties of the planets, such as their size, density, and atmosphere. By observing the star's light as the planet transits across, we can detect changes in the star's brightness and spectrum that reveal the planet's composition and orbital parameters.
Transits are also important for discovering new planets. In fact, most of the thousands of known exoplanets have been discovered through the transit method. This is because the chance of a planet transiting in front of its star is small, so observing multiple transits helps confirm the presence of a planet. Additionally, the transit method allows us to detect smaller planets that may not be detectable through other methods.
However, not all planets are capable of transiting their stars from our vantage point on Earth. The probability of a transit occurring depends on the planet's size, orbital inclination, and distance from its star. Nevertheless, the transit method remains a powerful tool for studying and discovering planets beyond our solar system.

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A. Ground truthing. Ground truthing is the process of physically collecting data on the ground to validate or update information used in navigation devices. This can include verifying street names, identifying new roads or changes to existing roads, and checking for accuracy of GPS coordinates.

The correct answer is A. Ground truthing. Ground truthing is the process of physically collecting data on the ground to validate or update information used in navigation devices. This can include verifying street names, identifying new roads or changes to existing roads, and checking for accuracy of GPS coordinates. Ground truthing is an important step in creating reliable navigation devices, as it ensures that the information being used is up-to-date and accurate. This process can involve driving around with a GPS device to collect data, but the term GPS grounding is not commonly used in this context. Remote sensing and GIS programming are related to collecting and analyzing geographic data, but are not specific to navigation devices.

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Answer:

True.

Explanation:

True, in the northern hemisphere, the air circulation about a high pressure cell is clockwise.

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The ultimate base level of a stream is the lowest point that a stream can erode down to before it stops flowing. This base level can either be temporary or permanent and is typically determined by the surrounding landscape. For most streams, the ultimate base level is the ocean or sea level. As water flows from higher elevations down to sea level, it erodes the land and creates streams and rivers.

The ultimate base level of a stream is the lowest point that a stream can erode down to before it stops flowing. This base level can either be temporary or permanent and is typically determined by the surrounding landscape. For most streams, the ultimate base level is the ocean or sea level. As water flows from higher elevations down to sea level, it erodes the land and creates streams and rivers. These streams will continue to erode until they reach the ultimate base level, which in this case is the ocean. However, there are also streams that have temporary base levels, such as lakes or reservoirs. These temporary base levels can be affected by human activity, such as damming or diverting the flow of water. In summary, the ultimate base level for most streams is the ocean or sea level.

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It is false as an absorption line is produced when a low-density gas, such as a gas cloud in interstellar space, absorbs specific wavelengths of light from a continuous spectrum source, such as a star.

The gas cloud can be at any temperature, and it is the atomic structure of the gas itself that determines which wavelengths are absorbed. Each element has a unique set of energy levels that its electrons can occupy, and when photons of the right energy are absorbed by an atom, they cause the electron to jump to a higher energy level. This leaves a gap in the atom's energy levels, and when the electron falls back down to its original energy level, it emits a photon of the same energy. This results in a dark absorption line in the spectrum of the continuous source, which can be used to identify the chemical composition of the absorbing gas cloud.

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On this figure of Bowen's reaction series, Quartz mineral would crystallize last from magma.

There are two sequences that minerals may follow, Bowen discovered as he deepened his understanding of the crystallizing process. Mineral formation begins with olivine. Minerals often start off silica low and become richer as the magma develops. Silica crystallizes as quartz if any is left behind once all the other minerals have been consumed.

Quartz and muscovite, two minerals found at the bottom, crystallize at lower temperatures. Although most quartz crystallizes from molten magma, some quartz also chemically precipitates as gangue from hot hydrothermal veins, occasionally alongside ore minerals like gold, silver, and copper. As a result of several experiments he conducted in the 1920s and 1930s, Norman Bowen is well-known in the geological community. He found that minerals crystallize in various ways as they cool via his research.

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The process described in the given question is called subduction.

Subduction is a geological process where two tectonic plates converge, and one plate is forced beneath the other. In this case, the denser oceanic lithosphere of the 5b plate is being pushed downward and forced underneath the continental lithosphere of the South American plate.

This process occurs at convergent plate boundaries, specifically in a subduction zone. As the oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle, it undergoes a process known as subduction, descending at an angle. The subducting plate eventually reaches depths where it melts, contributing to the formation of volcanic arcs and trenches.

Subduction zones are responsible for various geologic phenomena, such as the creation of mountain ranges, volcanic activity, and seismicity. This process is crucial in the recycling of Earth's crust and plays a significant role in shaping the Earth's surface and the dynamics of plate tectonics.

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The given statement, "if you lived on the moon, you'd see full earth when we see new moon." is true as On a new moon day, when humans cannot see the Moon at all, a observer standing on the Moon will be able to see a "full earth."

Since the Moon is tidally locked to Earth, the near side of the moon is the side that constantly faces us.  The Moon and Earth always go through phases that are the opposite of one another. This implies that an observer on the moon would not be able to see anything of Earth when we saw the full moon from Earth. For those who are on the Moon, it is a "new earth."

An observer on the Moon will see a "full earth"—the Earth completely lighted by the Sun—when humans on Earth watch a new moon. Another intriguing fact is that because Earth spins on its axis once every day to the east, the moon looks like it rises in the direction of the east and set in the west as seen from Earth.

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A discussion about the problem could show that mining and agriculture are two human activities that have largely affected the environment in Lipopo South Africa.

The discussion could be quantitative in nature in which case the researcher would use a survey or data collated from the residents to demonstrate how human activities have affected them negatively.

Qualitative data could also be obtained in the form of interviews that show how the climate is affected by illegal mining and agricultural activities that stream into the air and river bodies in Limpopo South Africa.

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It is false that Surface or wind-driven currents move water primarily in a horizontal direction in the ocean.

These currents are driven by winds and the Earth's rotation, and can have a significant impact on the distribution of heat and nutrients in the ocean. Vertical movements of water in the ocean are primarily caused by thermohaline circulation, which is driven by differences in temperature and salinity. This circulation brings deep, nutrient-rich water to the surface in some areas, which supports the growth of phytoplankton and other marine life. Understanding the patterns and mechanisms of ocean currents is important for a range of applications, including weather forecasting, shipping, and fisheries management.

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The environmental problem that is NOT one of the issues facing North Africa/Southwest Asia is hurricanes. Hurricanes are typically associated with tropical regions, such as the Caribbean and the Southeastern United States, rather than North Africa/Southwest Asia. The correct answer is B) hurricanes.

Here are further details about the environmental problems facing North Africa/Southwest Asia:

A) Deforestation: Deforestation is indeed a significant environmental problem in North Africa/Southwest Asia. It involves the clearance of forests and woodlands, leading to habitat loss, soil erosion, and the reduction of biodiversity. Deforestation in this region is driven by factors such as agricultural expansion, logging, and urbanization.

B) Hurricanes: Hurricanes are not typically a common environmental problem in North Africa/Southwest Asia. They are more prevalent in regions such as the Caribbean and the Southeastern United States, where warm ocean waters and specific atmospheric conditions favor their formation. While North Africa/Southwest Asia can experience other types of extreme weather events, such as sandstorms or droughts, hurricanes are not a typical occurrence.

C) Overgrazing: Overgrazing is indeed an environmental problem in North Africa/Southwest Asia. It refers to excessive grazing of livestock on a particular area, leading to the degradation of vegetation and soil. Overgrazing is particularly prevalent in arid and semi-arid regions, contributing to desertification, soil erosion, and the loss of productive land.

D) Salinization: Salinization is another significant environmental problem in North Africa/Southwest Asia. It occurs due to the accumulation of salts in the soil, often caused by irrigation practices in arid or semi-arid regions. Insufficient drainage and high evaporation rates can result in waterlogged soils and the build-up of salts, negatively impacting soil fertility and agricultural productivity.

In summary, the environmental problem that is NOT facing North Africa/Southwest Asia is B) hurricanes. The other issues mentioned (deforestation, overgrazing, and salinization) are indeed significant challenges in the region.

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