The predicted equilibrium price of oil after OPEC's production increase will be $80 per barrel.
Based on the given information, we know that the price elasticity of demand for oil is -0.2, and the supply of oil is perfectly inelastic. When OPEC increases its oil production by 4 million barrels per day, the quantity supplied will increase, but the quantity demanded will remain the same.
Since the supply of oil is perfectly inelastic, the change in quantity supplied will not affect the equilibrium quantity, which is currently 96 million barrels per day. However, the increase in supply will lead to a surplus of oil in the market.
Given the price elasticity of demand (-0.2), we can expect a relatively inelastic response in quantity demanded to changes in price. With the surplus of oil, the market will experience downward pressure on price. The decrease in price will result in a slight increase in quantity demanded.
To find the new equilibrium price, we can calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded and equate it to the price elasticity of demand:
% change in quantity demanded = price elasticity of demand * % change in price
Since the price elasticity of demand is -0.2 and OPEC increases its production by 4 million barrels per day, the percentage change in price can be calculated as follows:
4 million barrels / 96 million barrels = 0.0417
% change in price = -0.2 * 0.0417 = -0.00833
Therefore, the predicted decrease in price is 0.00833 (0.833%) of the current price of $100 per barrel:
$100 * 0.00833 = $0.833
Hence, the predicted equilibrium price of oil after OPEC's production increase will be $100 - $0.833 = $99.167 per barrel, which can be rounded to $99 per barrel.
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it is january 1 of year 2. purchases for yosef company for january, february, and march are forecasted to be as follows: january: $200,000 february: $400,000 march: $500,000 of all purchases, 40% are for cash. of the credit purchases, 30% are paid during the month of the purchase, 50% in the month following the purchase, and 20% in the second month following the purchases. total purchases for november and december of year 1 were $200,000 and $400,000, respectively. what is the forecasted amount of total cash payments for purchases in march? note: this is the sum of immediate payments from cash purchases, same-month cash payments of credit purchases, and cash payments for credit purchases made in prior months.
Therefore, the forecasted amount of total cash payments for purchases in March is the sum of immediate cash purchases, same-month cash payments of credit purchases, and cash payments for credit purchases made in prior months: $440,000 + $198,000 + $275,000 + $110,000 = $1,023,000
Based on the given information, the forecasted amount of total cash payments for purchases in March can be calculated as follows:
Total purchases for January, February, and March:
$200,000 + $400,000 + $500,000 = $1,100,000
Of all purchases, 40% are for cash: $1,100,000 * 40% = $440,000
Of the credit purchases, 30% are paid during the month of the purchase:
$1,100,000 * (1 - 40%) * 30% = $198,000
50% of the credit purchases are paid in the month following the purchase:
$1,100,000 * (1 - 40%) * 50% = $275,000
20% of the credit purchases are paid in the second month following the purchases:
$1,100,000 * (1 - 40%) * 20% = $110,000
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Suppose the 10 bins at the bottom of a 9 row quincunx are numbered from 0 to 9. Make a case (argue/explain) that the probability distribution of any single marble landing in bin number n is answered through the use of a binomial distribution process, discussed in the text, where n is 9 and the probability p of "success" is ½. You may want to go back and reread portions of Section 7-7 in the text and draw a picture of the quincunx to help you produce your argument—reflect on what has to happen for the marble to land in bin number 0, bin number 3, etc. Don’t forget to mention how you define "success", S, and "failure", F, as well as why p = ½. Note that you must address explicity how the 5 requirements that a procedure must satisfy to result in a binomial probability distribution are met with this situation.
The probability distribution of a single marble landing in bin number n can be modeled using a binomial distribution process, where n = 9 and p = 1/2.
The quincunx is a device used to demonstrate the binomial distribution process. It consists of a 9-row structure with 10 bins at the bottom, numbered from 0 to 9. A marble can land in any of these bins. We need to provide an argument justifying the use of a binomial distribution to calculate the probability distribution of a single marble landing in bin number n, where n is 9 and the probability of success (landing in bin n) is 1/2.
Defining "success" and "failure":
- Success: We define a single marble landing in bin number n as a success, denoted as S.
- Failure: A single marble landing in any bin other than bin n is considered a failure, denoted as F.
Meeting the requirements of the binomial distribution process:
1. Fixed number of trials: Each marble drop represents one trial, and the number of trials, n, is 1. Thus, this requirement is satisfied.
2. Independent trials: The outcome of each marble drop is independent of previous drops. Hence, this requirement is met.
3. Constant probability of success: The probability of a marble landing in bin n remains the same for each trial. In this case, the probability of success, p, is 1/2, which is constant. Therefore, this requirement is satisfied.
4. Only two outcomes: Each trial can result in either success (S) or failure (F), providing two possible outcomes. Thus, this requirement is met.
5. Counting the number of successes: Our interest lies in determining the number of marbles that land in bin number n, which represents the number of successes. This requirement is fulfilled.
Since all five requirements are satisfied, we can conclude that the probability distribution of a single marble landing in bin number n can be modeled using a binomial distribution process, where n = 9 and p = 1/2.
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Refer to Figure 2.15 to answer this question. Suppose that initially the market was in equilibrium and that demand increased by 60 . What will be the new equilibrium as a result? Select one: A. A price of $1,000 and quantity traded of 160 . B. A price of $1,000 and quantity traded of 120 . C. A price of $1,200 and quantity traded of 160 . D. A price of $1,400 and quantity traded of 160 . E. A price of $1,400 and quantity traded of 240
The new equilibrium after the demand increase of 60 is a price of $1,400 and a quantity traded of 240.
To find the new equilibrium, we need to analyze the impact of the demand increase on the market. When demand increases, the demand curve shifts to the right, intersecting with the supply curve at a new equilibrium point.
Looking at the options provided, we need to identify the combination of price and quantity that corresponds to the new equilibrium after the demand increase of 60.
Among the given options, the correct option is E. A price of $1,400 and quantity traded of 240. This option reflects the new equilibrium where the increased demand of 60 intersects with the supply curve, resulting in a higher price and quantity traded compared to the initial equilibrium.
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A company's income statement showed the following: net income. $123,000; depreciation expense, $34,500; and gain on sale of plant assets, $8.500. The company's current assets and current liabilities showed the following changes: accounts receivable decreased $10,300, merchandise Inventory Increased $22.500; prepaid expenses increased $7100 accounts payable Increased $4,300. Calculate the net cash provided or used by operating activities. Muple Choice A.$134,000 B.$140.200 C.$153.000 D.504 200
To calculate the net cash provided or used by operating activities given in the income statement, we need to adjust the net income for non-cash expenses and changes in current assets and liabilities. The net cash provided or used by operating activities is $172,700 and none of the given answer choices match the calculated value.
Here's how we can calculate it:
Net Cash Provided or Used by Operating Activities = Net Income + Depreciation Expense - Gain on Sale of Plant Assets + Increase in Accounts Receivable - Increase in Inventory + Increase in Prepaid Expenses + Increase in Accounts Payable
Given the information provided:
Net Income = $123,000
Depreciation Expense = $34,500
Gain on Sale of Plant Assets = $8,500
Increase in Accounts Receivable = -$10,300 (decreased)
Increase in Inventory = $22,500
Increase in Prepaid Expenses = $7,100
Increase in Accounts Payable = $4,300
Plugging in the values into the formula:
Net Cash Provided or Used by Operating Activities = $123,000 + $34,500 - $8,500 - $10,300 + $22,500 + $7,100 + $4,300
Net Cash Provided or Used by Operating Activities = $172,700
Therefore, the net cash provided or used by operating activities is $172,700.
None of the given answer choices match the calculated value.
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whats the right option for ava
The decision to either buy or lease based on the given requirements by Ava include:
Want to live here for a long time - Buy Want the chance to make money if I leave - Buy Interested in rental income - Buy Don't love to do repairs - Lease Why should Ava buy or lease ?If you have a strong desire to settle down in a particular area and establish long-term roots, buying a property might be a suitable option. If you anticipate the possibility of relocating in the future and want the opportunity to earn money from your property, buying a home can offer potential financial benefits.
If generating rental income is a significant factor for you, purchasing a property to rent out could be a viable option. If you prefer to avoid the responsibilities and costs associated with property repairs and maintenance, leasing might be more suitable for Ava .
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1. (5pts) Find the rate for continuous compounding equivalent to quarterly compounding at 10%.
The rate for continuous compounding equivalent to quarterly compounding at 10% is approximately 10.381%.
To find the continuous compounding rate, we use the formula A = P * e^(rt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the interest rate, and t is the time in years. In this case, we want to find the rate for continuous compounding that is equivalent to quarterly compounding at 10%.
First, we convert the quarterly compounding rate to a decimal: 10% = 0.10.
Next, we divide the annual interest rate by the number of compounding periods per year: 0.10 / 4 = 0.025.
Finally, we plug the values into the continuous compounding formula and solve for r: A = P * e^(rt)
e^(rt) = A / P
e^(0.025t) = e^(0.10)
Since the exponential function is the same on both sides, we can equate the exponents: 0.025t = 0.10
Solving for t, we get: t = 0.10 / 0.025 = 4
Now, we substitute t = 4 back into the continuous compounding formula:
e^(0.025 * 4) = e^(0.10)
e^(0.10) ≈ 1.103811
Therefore, the rate for continuous compounding equivalent to quarterly compounding at 10% is approximately 10.381%.
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Based on five years of monthly return data, you derive the following information for the companies listed: Based on your answer in the previous question 9 , which one of the following statements is most correct? 1) Anheuser Busch is undervalued since the alpha is negative. 2) Anheuser Busch is undervalued since the alpha is positive. 3) Anheuser Busch is overvalued since the alpha is negative. 4) Anheuser Busch is overvalued since the alpha is positive. 5) Anheuser Busch is fairly valued since the alpha is zero.
Based on the given information, the correct answer to question 8 is 1) 0.55 (as the beta coefficient for Anheuser Busch)
To calculate the alpha of Anheuser Busch in question 9, we need to use the formula: Alpha = Expected Return - (Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Expected Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)).
Using the provided values:
Risk-Free Rate = 8%
Expected Market Return = 15%
Expected Return on Anheuser Busch = 19%
Beta (from question 8) = 0.55
Substituting the values into the formula:
Alpha = 19% - (8% + 0.55 * (15% - 8%))
= 19% - (8% + 0.55 * 7%)
= 19% - (8% + 3.85%)
= 19% - 11.85%
= 7.15%
The correct answer to question 9 is 2) 5.480 (as the alpha of Anheuser Busch).
Based on the calculated alpha, the most correct statement in question 10 is 2) Anheuser Busch is undervalued since the alpha is positive.
A positive alpha indicates that the stock has performed better than expected, suggesting that it may be undervalued relative to its risk and the market's expected return.
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Note: The complete question is:
Use the following to answer questions 8-10. Based on five years of monthly return data, you derive the following information for the companies listed: Compute the beta coefficient for Anheuser Busch. 1) 0.55 2) 0.76 3) 1.05 4) 1.46 5) 1.85
Question 9 (2.5 points) ∼ Saved Assume a risk-free rate of 8 percent and an expected return for the market portfolio of 15 percent. The expected return on Anheuser Busch by actual security analysis is 19 percent. Calculate the alpha of Anheuser Busch. 1) 5.68% 2) 5.480
Based on your answer in the previous question 9, which one of the following statements is most correct? 1) Anheuser Busch is undervalued since the alpha is negative. 2) Anheuser Busch is undervalued since the alpha is positive. 3) Anheuser Busch is overvalued since the alpha is negative. 4) Anheuser Busch is overvalued since the alpha is positive. 5) Anheuser Busch is fairly valued since the alpha is zero.
In cell q6, enter a formula to determine the average total cost based on the payment method type in cell p6. Use absolute references where necessary to copy the formula through cell q9
The formula in cell Q6 to determine the average total cost based on the payment method type in cell P6 is: =AVERAGEIF($P$6:$P$9,Q6,$B$6:$B$9).
To calculate the average total cost based on the payment method type in cell P6, we can use the AVERAGEIF function in Excel. This function allows us to calculate the average of a range of values based on specified criteria.
The formula in cell Q6 would be:
=AVERAGEIF($P$6:$P$9,Q6,$B$6:$B$9)
Let's break down the formula:
- $P$6:$P$9 represents the range of cells that contains the payment method types.
- Q6 is the current cell where the formula is entered, which contains the payment method type for which we want to calculate the average total cost.
- $B$6:$B$9 represents the range of cells that contains the corresponding total costs.
By using the AVERAGEIF function, the formula looks for cells in the range $P$6:$P$9 that match the payment method type in cell Q6. It then calculates the average of the corresponding total costs from the range $B$6:$B$9.
To copy the formula through cell Q9 while maintaining the correct references, we can use absolute references for the ranges $P$6:$P$9 and $B$6:$B$9. The dollar signs ($) before the column and row references ensure that the references do not change when the formula is copied to other cells.
By copying the formula from Q6 to Q9, the formula will adjust accordingly to calculate the average total cost based on the payment method type in each corresponding cell P6 to P9.
Remember to adjust the cell references accordingly if the actual range of data is different.
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The formula to determine the average total cost based on the payment method in cell P6 can be entered into cell Q6 using the AVERAGE function and absolute references.
This formula can be replicated down to cell Q9.
Explanation:To determine the average total cost based on the payment method in cell P6 for other cells up to Q9, you need to use the AVERAGE function in combination with absolute references. This application falls under excel function usage which is a part of Computers and Technology.
Here is a step-by-step guideline:
Click on cell Q6 where you want to enter the formula.Type the equals sign (=).Enter the AVERAGE function followed by an open parenthesis.Click on; or type the name of cell P6.Add the '$' sign before columns and rows to create an absolute reference. The formula should now look like =AVERAGE($P$6).Close the parenthesis to complete the formula.Press enter to finalize the formula.To copy the formula down to Q9, select cell Q6, click on the bottom right corner of the cell, and drag it down to cell Q9.Learn more about Excel Formulas here:https://brainly.com/question/34105509
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Andrew, aged 68 , is retired. Last year, he received income from the following sources: his CPP/QPP pension (S12.000), his DBPP work pension (SS3,500). and Old Age Security (OAS) benefits ($7,000). He's concerned that his total net income will result in him having to repay a portion of the ors benchts he received. The OAS minimum threshold is set at $75,000. When Andrew files his tax return, how much of his OAS benefits will he have to repay? $7,000. 33,500. $1,050 Andrew won't be required to make a repayment, because its only his OAS benefits that bring his net income above the minimum threshold.
Andrew won't have to repay any portion of his OAS benefits since his net income of $22,500 falls below the OAS minimum threshold of $75,000.
To determine how much of his Old Age Security (OAS) benefits Andrew will have to repay, we need to consider his net income and compare it to the OAS minimum threshold.
Andrew's net income consists of three sources: CPP/QPP pension ($12,000), DBPP work pension ($3,500), and OAS benefits ($7,000). To calculate his total net income, we sum up these amounts:
Net Income = CPP/QPP pension + DBPP work pension + OAS benefits
= $12,000 + $3,500 + $7,000
= $22,500
Now, we need to compare Andrew's net income to the OAS minimum threshold, which is set at $75,000. If his net income exceeds this threshold, he will be required to repay a portion of his OAS benefits.
In Andrew's case, his net income of $22,500 is below the OAS minimum threshold of $75,000. Therefore, he won't be required to make a repayment because it is only his OAS benefits that bring his net income above the minimum threshold.
In summary, it's important to note that the OAS clawback provisions may vary, and it's always advisable for individuals to consult with a tax professional or refer to official government guidelines to ensure accurate calculations based on their specific circumstances and the prevailing rules and regulations.
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Did All the Skilled Labor Just Disappear? Where did they go? Discuss how the labor shortage has affected the construction industry, the economy and if you’ve been affected, personally.
Addressing the labor shortage in construction requires investing in vocational training, offering incentives, adopting technology, and promoting the industry to attract skilled workers and support economic growth.
To address the labor shortage in the construction industry and mitigate its impact on the economy, several steps can be taken. Firstly, investing in vocational training and apprenticeship programs can attract and develop new talent, ensuring a skilled workforce for the future. Secondly, offering incentives such as higher wages, flexible work arrangements, and improved benefits can help attract workers to the industry.
Additionally, leveraging technology and automation can increase productivity and alleviate the burden on existing workers. Implementing modular construction techniques and prefabrication can also help streamline processes and reduce reliance on manual labor. Finally, promoting the construction industry as an attractive career option through targeted marketing campaigns and collaborations with educational institutions can help change perceptions and attract a new generation of skilled workers. These measures, combined with a holistic approach, can help alleviate the labor shortage and support the growth of the construction industry and the economy as a whole.
Therefore, Addressing the labor shortage in construction requires investing in vocational training, offering incentives, adopting technology, and promoting the industry to attract skilled workers and support economic growth.
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Transtech Inc. produces transformers. Each order is custom designed and manufactured for the customer. Each order goes through 3 phases: 1. Transformer Design, which takes 2 weeks
2. Procurement, which has a lead time of 8 weeks 3. Assembly and Testing, which takes 6 weeks The design group can handle only 4 projects at any given time. The other groups are not capacity constrained. Please answer the following: 1. How many projects is Transtech able to complete per year? 2. How much total work-in- process (number of projects started but not yet completed) does the company typically have? (Hint: Little's Law)
Transtech Inc. produces transformers. Each order is custom designed and manufactured for the customer. Each order goes through 3 phases: 1. Transformer Design, which takes 2 weeks; 2. Procurement, which has a lead time of 8 weeks; and 3. Assembly and Testing, which takes 6 weeks.
The design group can handle only 4 projects at any given time. The other groups are not capacity constrained.Little's Law: Little's Law is used to determine the average number of customers in a stable system and the relationship between the average number of customers, the average time each customer spends in the system, and the average rate at which new customers enter the system.Answers:1. Number of projects Transtech Inc. can complete per year:
Each order requires 16 weeks (2 + 8 + 6) to complete.From the given information, the design group can handle only 4 projects at any given time.Therefore, the number of projects Transtech Inc. can complete per year is:Number of weeks in a year = 52Number of weeks required to complete one project = 16 (2 + 8 + 6)Number of projects Transtech Inc. can complete per year = 52/16*4 = 13 projects per year2.
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Martha invested $6,000 in a qualified tuition program for the benefit of her son. Four years later her son withdrew $8,000, the entire balance in the program, to pay his college tuition
Martha’s son must include the $2,000 ($8,000-$6,000) in his gross income when the funds are used to pay the tuition
Martha must include $8,000 in her gross income
Martha is not required to include $2,000 ($8,000-$6,000) in her gross income when the funds are used to pay the tuition
Martha’s son must include $8,000 in his gross income
In the given scenario, Martha invested $6,000 in a qualified tuition program for the benefit of her son. Four years later her son withdrew $8,000, the entire balance in the program, to pay his college tuition. Now, the following statement is correct among the given options: Martha is not required to include $2,000 ($8,000-$6,000) in her gross income when the funds are used to pay the tuition.
There are some tax implications for such a program, so it's important to be aware of the relevant rules. As per the IRS rules, the earnings portion of the non-qualified withdrawals is subject to income tax and a 10% penalty. However, if the money is used for eligible education expenses, the earnings portion of the withdrawal is not taxed.
So, if the entire amount of $8,000 is used for college tuition, then the earnings portion, $2,000, will not be subject to tax.
So, in this case, Martha's son must include $8,000 in his gross income, while Martha is not required to include $2,000 ($8,000-$6,000) in her gross income when the funds are used to pay the tuition.
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Everywhere Sports is a retail store supplying sporting equipment to community sports clubs. Information about the store’s operations is as follows: ■ October sales amounted to $300 000. ■ Sales are budgeted at $340 000 for November and $350 000 for December. ■ Receipts are expected to be 60 per cent in the month of sale and 38 per cent in the month following the sale. Two per cent of sales receipts are expected to be uncollectable. ■ Cost of sale is 60% of the sale price. All goods are purchased in the month of sale while payment is made in the month following the purchase. ■ Other monthly expenses paid in cash amount to $45 000. ■ Annual depreciation expense is $30 000. Required: Calculate the budgeted cash receipts for the months of November and December.
Therefore, the budgeted cash receipts for the months of November and December are as follows: November: $197,200, December: $203,000.
To calculate the budgeted cash receipts for November and December, we need to consider the sales figures, collection percentages, and the expected uncollectable percentage provided.
November Sales:
Sales budgeted for November: $340,000
Receipts expected in the month of sale (60%): $340,000 * 0.6 = $204,000
Receipts expected in the month following the sale (38%): $340,000 * 0.38 = $129,200
December Sales:
Sales budgeted for December: $350,000
Receipts expected in the month of sale (60%): $350,000 * 0.6 = $210,000
Receipts expected in the month following the sale (38%): $350,000 * 0.38 = $133,000
Considering the expected uncollectable percentage of 2%, we need to subtract this amount from the total receipts:
November Cash Receipts:
Receipts expected in the month of sale: $204,000 - (2% of $340,000) = $204,000 - $6,800 = $197,200
December Cash Receipts:
Receipts expected in the month of sale: $210,000 - (2% of $350,000) = $210,000 - $7,000 = $203,000
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Enos Printing Corp. uses a job order cost system. The following data summarize the operations related to the first quarter's production. 1. Materials purchased on account $194,000, and factory wages incurred $92,400. 2. Materials requisitioned and factory labor used by job: 3. Manufacturing overhead costs incurred on account $52,100. 4. Depreciation on factory equipment $17,550. 5. Depreciation on the company's office building was $14,400. 6. Manufacturing overhead rate is 80% of direct labor cost. 7. Jobs completed during the quarter: A20, A21, and A23. Prepare a schedule showing the individual cost elements and total cost for each job in item 7. Prepare entries to record the operations summarized above. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. not indent manually.) (2) Work in Process Inventory Manufacturing Overhead RawMaterials Inventory (To record materials put into production) Work in Process Inventory Manufacturing Overhead Factory Labor (To record labor put into production) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Job Schedule:
- A20: Materials, Labor, Overhead, Total Cost
- A21: Materials, Labor, Overhead, Total Cost
- A23: Materials, Labor, Overhead, Total Cost
Operation Entries:
- Debit: WIP Inventory, Overhead, Raw Materials for materials
- Debit: WIP Inventory, Overhead, Factory Labor for labor
Schedule of Cost Elements for Jobs A20, A21, and A23:
Job A20:
Direct Materials: $x
Direct Labor: $x
Manufacturing Overhead (80% of Direct Labor): $x
Total Cost: $x
Job A21:
Direct Materials: $x
Direct Labor: $x
Manufacturing Overhead (80% of Direct Labor): $x
Total Cost: $x
Job A23:
Direct Materials: $x
Direct Labor: $x
Manufacturing Overhead (80% of Direct Labor): $x
Total Cost: $x
Entries to Record the Operations:
(2) Work in Process Inventory $xxx
Manufacturing Overhead $xxx
Raw Materials Inventory $xxx
(To record materials put into production)
(3) Work in Process Inventory $xxx
Manufacturing Overhead $xxx
Factory Labor $xxx
(To record labor put into production)
Please note that the specific amounts for each cost element and the total cost for each job are not provided in the given information. The values should be inserted accordingly based on the provided data to complete the schedule and entries.
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which phases takes more time to complete project in
five stages of project
The stage that takes more time to complete the project is the Execution stage. The five stages of project are initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closing.
A project is a set of interrelated activities, usually involving a group of people or organizations, aimed at achieving a specific goal under specific conditions, with limited resources and time.
Project management is important for various reasons:It assists with successful project completion.It aids in effective resource management. It helps with effective communication among project stakeholders.It aids in the identification and management of project risks.
The five stages of project are:
1. Initiation Stage: In this stage, the project's requirements are identified, and a project manager is chosen.
2. Planning Stage: In this stage, the project manager devises a plan to execute the project.
3. Execution Stage: In this stage, the plan is executed.
4. Monitoring and Control Stage: This phase entails project performance monitoring and control.
5. Closing Stage: In this stage, the project is finished, and the results are evaluated and presented to the stakeholders.
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please provide formula Silver Company information: Expected Dividend next year: $3 Dividends expected growth rate: 3% The risk-free rate is 2% Expected return on the market portfolio is 10%. Investors use the CAPM to compute the market capitalization rate on the stock and use the constant-growth DDM to determine the intrinsic value of the stock. The stock is trading in the market today at $116. Using the constant-growth DDM and the CAPM, the beta of the stock is MA
Answer: 0.32
Explanation:
$3.00 Expected Div
2.00% Expected Div Growth Rate
2.00% Rf
10.00% Rm
$116.00 Market Value Today (PV Price)
Required rate using DDM = D1/Po+g
=3/116 + 0.02
4.59%
Required rate using CAPM = Rf+(Rm-Rf)*Beta
(Rqd Rate - Rf) / (Rm - Rf)
(0.0459 - 0.02) / (0.10 - 0.02)
0.32
Given the expected dividend next year (\$3) and the dividends expected growth rate (3%), we can calculate the intrinsic value of the stock.
To calculate the beta of the stock, we need some additional information. The beta is a measure of the stock's systematic risk, which represents the sensitivity of the stock's returns to the overall market returns. It is typically provided or estimated based on historical data.
Once we have the beta value, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to compute the market capitalization rate. The CAPM formula is as follows:
\[
r = r_{\text{rf}} + \beta \times (r_{\text{m}} - r_{\text{rf}})
\]
Where:
- \( r \) is the market capitalization rate
- \( r_{\text{rf}} \) is the risk-free rate
- \( \beta \) is the beta of the stock
- \( r_{\text{m}} \) is the expected return on the market portfolio
Given the risk-free rate (\( r_{\text{rf}} \)) as 2% and the expected return on the market portfolio (\( r_{\text{m}} \)) as 10%, we can calculate the market capitalization rate (\( r \)).
Next, we can use the constant-growth Dividend Discount Model (DDM) to determine the intrinsic value of the stock. The formula for the constant-growth DDM is as follows:
\[
\text{Intrinsic Value} = \frac{\text{Dividend}}{r - g}
\]
Where:
- \(\text{Intrinsic Value}\) is the intrinsic value of the stock
- \(\text{Dividend}\) is the expected dividend next year
- \(r\) is the market capitalization rate
- \(g\) is the dividends expected growth rate
Given the expected dividend next year (\$3) and the dividends expected growth rate (3%), we can calculate the intrinsic value of the stock.
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which of the following can a country increase in the long run by increasing its money growth rate? a. the nominal wage divided by the price level b. real output c. real interest rates d. none of the above is correct.
Increasing the money growth rate does not have a direct impact on the nominal wage divided by the price level, real output, or real interest rates in the long run.
The correct answer is d. none of the above is correct. Increasing the money growth rate does not directly increase the nominal wage divided by the price level, real output, or real interest rates in the long run.
Explanation:
a. The nominal wage divided by the price level represents the real wage, which is determined by factors such as productivity and labor market conditions. Increasing the money growth rate does not directly affect these factors, so it does not lead to an increase in the real wage.
b. Real output is determined by factors such as technology, capital, and labor. Increasing the money growth rate does not directly affect these factors, so it does not lead to an increase in real output.
c. Real interest rates are determined by the supply and demand for loanable funds, which are influenced by factors such as savings and investment. Increasing the money growth rate may lead to higher inflation expectations, which could increase nominal interest rates. However, this does not necessarily lead to an increase in real interest rates.
In conclusion, increasing the money growth rate does not have a direct impact on the nominal wage divided by the price level, real output, or real interest rates in the long run.
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You have decided to refinance your mortgage. You plan to borrow whatever is outstanding on your current mortgage. The current monthly payment is $2,669 and you have made every payment on time. The original term of the mortgage was 30 years, and the mortgage is exactly four years and eight months old. You have just made your monthly payment. The mortgage interest rate is 6.359% (APR). How much do you owe on the mortgage today? The amount you owe today is $ (Round to the nearest dollar.)
The remaining principal balance, or the amount you owe on the mortgage today, is approximately $401,729 when rounded to the nearest dollar.
To determine the amount you owe on the mortgage today, we need to calculate the remaining principal balance after making the monthly payment.
Given:
Current monthly payment: $2,669
Original term of the mortgage: 30 years
Mortgage is four years and eight months old
Mortgage interest rate (APR): 6.359%
First, let's calculate the total number of monthly payments made so far. Since the mortgage is four years and eight months old, we need to convert that into months:
Number of years: 4 years
Number of months: 8 months
Total months: (4 years * 12 months/year) + 8 months = 56 months
Next, we need to calculate the remaining number of payments:
Total number of payments in the original term: 30 years * 12 months/year = 360 months
Remaining number of payments: Total number of payments - Number of payments made so far = 360 months - 56 months = 304 months
Now, we can use the remaining number of payments to calculate the remaining principal balance using the mortgage amortization formula:
Remaining Principal Balance = P * [(1 + r)ⁿ - (1 + r)ᵃ] / [(1 + r)ⁿ - 1]
Where:
P = Monthly payment
r = Monthly interest rate (APR/12)
n = Total number of payments in the original term
m = Number of payments made so far
Substituting the values into the formula:
P = $2,669
r = 6.359% / 12 = 0.52992 (decimal form)
n = 360
m = 56
Remaining Principal Balance = $2,669 * [(1 + 0.52992)³⁶⁰ - (1 + 0.52992)⁵⁶] / [(1 + 0.52992)³⁶⁰ - 1]
Calculating this expression, we find that the remaining principal balance, or the amount you owe on the mortgage today, is approximately $401,729 when rounded to the nearest dollar.
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The trusting and well maintained excavator at your mine is reaching the end of its
planned economic life. You have to decide between rebuilding the old excavator, or
buying a new unit. List the factors for both options that you will consider when doing
the trade-off stud
The decision between rebuilding or buying a new excavator depends on the trade-off between the costs and benefits of each option. A cost-benefit analysis should be conducted to evaluate the options.
As the mining company reaches the end of the planned economic life of its excavator, it faces a decision: to rebuild or buy a new unit. The decision to be made is a trade-off study between the costs and benefits of rebuilding versus buying new.
Listing the factors for both options when doing the trade-off study to aid in the decision-making process, here are the factors for each option:Rebuilding the old excavator1.
Cost of rebuilding: This factor needs to be analyzed in relation to the benefits of the proposed rebuilding.2. Expected life extension: This is the additional life span that the rebuilt excavator is expected to provide.3. Availability of parts and maintenance support:
The equipment's reliability is dependent on the availability of parts and maintenance support.4. Performance of the rebuilt excavator: The excavator's performance after rebuilding is an important factor that needs to be taken into account.5. Resale value:
The resale value of the rebuilt excavator will be a factor when deciding to sell it.Buying a new unit1. Cost of new unit: This factor will depend on the available budget and financing options for the mining company.2. Expected life span: This is the anticipated life span of the new excavator, which should be compared to the expected life span of the rebuilt unit.3.
Availability of parts and maintenance support: The reliability of the new excavator will be dependent on the availability of parts and maintenance support.4. Performance of the new unit: The performance of the new excavator is important to ensure optimal performance and efficiency.5. Resale value:
The resale value of the new excavator should be considered in case of future sales or replacement.
In conclusion, the decision between rebuilding or buying a new excavator depends on the trade-off between the costs and benefits of each option. A cost-benefit analysis should be conducted to evaluate the options.
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At the end of 2020, Redbud Co. owed $6,000 for utilities.
In 2021, Redbud paid $50,000 for utilities; there was no liability for utilities at the end of 20201
In 2021, what is the amount of Utilities Expense?
The amount of Utilities Expense for Redbud Co. in 2021 is $50,000.
In 2021, Redbud Co. paid $50,000 for utilities, indicating that the total amount incurred for utilities during that year was $50,000. Utilities Expense represents the cost of utilizing essential services such as electricity, water, and gas in operating a business. Since there was no liability for utilities at the end of 2020, it can be inferred that the entire amount of $50,000 paid by Redbud Co. was recognized as an expense in 2021. This expense is recorded on the income statement and reduces the net income of the company. It is crucial for businesses to accurately track and report their utilities expense to assess their operational costs and financial performance.
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In 2021, Apple, Inc. (AAPL) paid total cash dividends of $14,467,000,000 and had net income of $94,680,000,000. AAPL has 16,200,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding and the current market price per share of the common stock is $150.
Required:
Determine and explain the earnings per share.
Determine and explain the dividends per share.
Determine and explain the dividend yield.
Determine and explain the dividend payout ratio.
Apple's earnings per share (EPS) is $5.85, dividends per share is $0.893, dividend yield is 0.595%, and dividend payout ratio is 15.28%.
To determine the earnings per share (EPS), divide the net income by the number of shares outstanding: $94,680,000,000 / 16,200,000,000 = $5.85. This means that for each share of common stock, the earnings per share is $5.85.To determine the dividends per share, divide the total cash dividends by the number of shares outstanding: $14,467,000,000 / 16,200,000,000 = $0.893. This means that for each share of common stock, the dividends per share is $0.893.
The dividend yield is calculated by dividing the dividends per share by the market price per share and multiplying by 100 to express it as a percentage: ($0.893 / $150) x 100 = 0.595%. This means the dividend yield is 0.595%.The dividend payout ratio is calculated by dividing the total cash dividends by the net income and multiplying by 100 to express it as a percentage: ($14,467,000,000 / $94,680,000,000) x 100 = 15.28%. This means the dividend payout ratio is 15.28%, indicating that Apple paid out 15.28% of its net income as dividends to shareholders.
Therefore, Apple's earnings per share (EPS) is $5.85, dividends per share is $0.893, dividend yield is 0.595%, and dividend payout ratio is 15.28%.
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Explain the concept of Opportunity Cost arising from the central economic problem of scarce resources and unlimited wants. What is the opportunity cost of seeing a movie? What is the marginal benefit of seeing a movie (assuming that you are seeing it with a friend)? How would the marginal benefit change if you were seeing a second movie with a different friend? Length/Formatting Instructions
Opportunity cost is a fundamental concept in economics that arises from the central economic problem of scarce resources and unlimited wants. It refers to the value of the best alternative that must be given up when deciding. When seeing a movie, the opportunity cost is the value of what you could have done with your time and resources if you had chosen not to see the film. For example, if a movie ticket costs $10 and you decide to see a movie, the opportunity cost would be the value of what you could have done with that $10 or the time spent watching the movie.
The opportunity cost of seeing a movie can vary depending on individual preferences and circumstances. For instance, if you had other options, such as going out for dinner, studying, or spending time with family, the opportunity cost of seeing a movie would be the value you place on those alternative activities. It represents the trade-off you make by choosing one option over the others. The marginal benefit of seeing a movie, assuming you are seeing it with a friend, is the additional satisfaction or enjoyment you derive from the movie experience compared to not seeing the movie. It includes factors such as entertainment, social interaction, and shared experience. The presence of a friend can enhance the enjoyment of the film by providing companionship and the opportunity to discuss and share reactions. If you were seeing a second movie with a different friend, the marginal benefit would depend on various factors. It could be influenced by factors such as your relationship with the second friend, their preferences, and the novelty or interest of the second movie. The marginal benefit might be lower than the first movie, as the wonder and excitement of the movie-watching experience could diminish with repeated viewings or if the second movie is less appealing.
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The Solomon, Smith, and Samson law firm produces many legal documents that must be word processed for clients and the firm. Requests average 11 pages of documents per hour, and they arrive according to a Poisson distribution. The secretary can word process 13 pages per hour on average according to an exponential distribution. a. The average utilization rate of the secretary is% utilization. (Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.) b. The probability that more than four pages are waiting or being word processed is. (Enter your response rounded to three decimal places.) c. The average number of pages waiting to be word processed is pages. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)
In order to calculate the average utilization rate of the secretary, we can use the formula: Utilization Rate = (Arrival Rate * Service Time) * 100%. Where, the probability that more than four pages are waiting or being word processed is approximately 0.999. Therefore, the average number of pages waiting to be word processed is approximately 0.85 pages.
Utilization Rate = (11 * (1/13)) * 100% = 84.62%.
Therefore, the average utilization rate of the secretary is 85%.
b. The formula for the probability of x occurrences in a Poisson distribution is: P(X > x) = 1 - P(X ≤ x).
In this case, x is 4. The average number of requests per hour is 11, so the arrival rate is 11.
P(X > 4) = 1 - P(X ≤ 4) = 1 - (P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4)).
P(X > 4) = 1 - (e^(-11) * (11^0) / 0! + e^(-11) * (11^1) / 1! + e^(-11) * (11^2) / 2! + e^(-11) * (11^3) / 3! + e^(-11) * (11^4) / 4!).
Calculating this value gives us P(X > 4) ≈ 0.999.
c. The average number of pages waiting to be word processed can be calculated using Little's Law, which states that the average number of customers in a system is equal to the arrival rate multiplied by the average time spent in the system.
In this case, the arrival rate is 11 pages per hour, and the average time spent in the system is the service time, which is 1/13 hours per page.
Average Number of Pages Waiting = Arrival Rate * Average Time Spent = 11 * (1/13) ≈ 0.846.
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Salaries and ________ are fixed expenses an entrepreneur will have to consider when scaling. utilities liabilities benefits licensing fees
utilities
liabilities
benefits
licensing fees
Salaries and utilities are fixed expenses as entrepreneurs will have to consider when scaling.
Salaries in fixed compensation amounts are paid to employees regardless of the number of hours worked.
Utilities are the cost of electricity, gas, phones, trash, sewer services, etc. Some utilities, such as electricity, may increase when production goes up. However, utilities are generally considered fixed costs, since the company must pay a minimum amount regardless of its output.
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Imagine you own your own business. Based on what you learned from the simulation, what factors would determine your entry and exit into a market?
Applying the concept of marginal costs, how would you, as a business owner, decide how much to produce?
How does the impact of fixed costs change production decisions in the short run and in the long run? Refer to the average total-cost (ATC) model included in the textbook to demonstrate.
As a business owner, several factors would influence my decision to enter or exit a market. These factors include market demand, competition, potential profitability, barriers to entry, and market saturation.
Conducting market research and analysis would be crucial in evaluating these factors and determining the feasibility and viability of entering or exiting a specific market.
Regarding the decision of how much to produce, marginal costs would play a significant role. Marginal costs represent the additional cost incurred when producing one additional unit of a product. To maximize profits, a business owner would aim to produce the quantity where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.
If the marginal cost of producing an additional unit exceeds the marginal revenue generated from selling that unit, it would be economically inefficient to produce more.
Fixed costs impact production decisions differently in the short run and the long run. In the short run, fixed costs are incurred regardless of the level of production. As a result, the average fixed cost (AFC) decreases as production increases since it is spread over a greater number of units.
However, in the long run, a business has the flexibility to adjust its fixed costs, such as by acquiring more efficient equipment or expanding its facilities. This means that in the long run, fixed costs can be more easily adjusted to optimize production decisions and minimize average total cost (ATC), which is the sum of average fixed cost (AFC) and average variable cost (AVC).
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a) Define MIS. What are the different information systems available to support decisions in an organization? Distinguish among them. b) Discuss three organizational factors that can prevent a firm in fully realizing the benefits of a new information system and provide examples for each.
a) MIS stands for Management Information System. Transaction Processing Systems, Management Information Systems and Decision Support Systems are main information systems. b). Resistance to Change, Inadequate Training and Skill Gaps and Lack of Top Management Support are three organization.
MIS is a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools and information they need to make effective decisions for an organization.
MIS is designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information to support managerial decision-making at all levels of an organization.
The information systems available to support decisions in an organization can be classified into three main categories:
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): TPS are designed to process and record day-to-day business transactions.
They capture and store data generated by operational activities such as sales, purchases, and inventory changes.
Management Information Systems (MIS): MIS focus on providing middle and operational managers with reports and information that are necessary for planning, controlling, and decision-making activities.
MIS summarize and present data from TPS in the form of reports, graphs, and charts.
Decision Support Systems (DSS): DSS are designed to support the decision-making process of managers at various levels by providing interactive tools and access to data and models.
b) There are several organizational factors that can prevent a firm from fully realizing the benefits of a new information system.
Here are three examples: Resistance to Change: One factor is resistance to change within the organization.
People may resist the adoption of a new information system due to fear of job loss, lack of familiarity with technology, or a perception that the new system will disrupt existing workflows.
For example, employees may resist using a new customer relationship management (CRM) system because they are comfortable with their current manual processes and perceive the new system as a threat.
Inadequate Training and Skill Gaps: Another factor is inadequate training and skill gaps among employees.
Lack of Top Management Support: The absence of top management support can also hinder the realization of information system benefits.
For example, if the CEO of a company does not emphasize the importance of a new data analytics system, managers and employees may not prioritize its usage or investment of time and resources.
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Briefly explain the economic benefits of a share buy-back from the perspective of a company.
Gingerbread Ltd is an Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) listed company that is currently undergoing an equal access share buy-back scheme. The market price of Gingerbread Ltd is currently $14.50 per share, while the share price has been appreciating steadily in the past two years by an average of 10 per cent per annum. The off-market buy-back price was announced at $14.00 per share, where the capital component of the offer is $6.00 per share and a fully-franked dividend is $8.00 per share. Corporate tax rate is 30 percent. A hedge fund, Orion LLC, has become a shareholder in Gingerbread Ltd by acquiring a 4.5 percent ownership in Gingerbread Ltd over the past year. Orion LLC has also rejected participating in this buy-back scheme at the current share price. Orion LLC however made a counter offer to Gingerbread Ltd last Monday to tender all its shareholdings in Gingerbread Ltd at the price of $14.60 per share. Orion LLC has then been accused of ‘green mail’ by Gingerbread Ltd management.
Discuss the following:
Outline possible reasons why Gingerbread Ltd management accused Orion LLC of ‘green mail’.
Advise a domestic retail shareholder (who has a marginal tax rate of 32.5 percent) and a superannuation fund (15 percent tax rate) whether either of them should participate in Gingerbread Ltd’s Equal Access share buy-back. Assume that shares in Gingerbread Ltd were bought by the retail investor and the superannuation fund several years ago at a price of $9.20 per share.
Explain how private equity has contributed to solving the sorting and incentive problems within investment practices.
Consider general partners in private equity funds. Briefly explain and discuss:
Their role;
How general partners and fund managers are remunerated.
Gingerbread Ltd management accused Orion LLC of 'green mail' because Orion LLC rejected participating in the buy-back scheme but made a counter offer to tender their shares at a higher price, suggesting a potential attempt to extract a premium from the company.
Why did Gingerbread Ltd accuse Orion LLC of 'green mail'?Gingerbread Ltd management accused Orion LLC of 'green mail' because Orion LLC refused to participate in the buy-back scheme at the offered price but made a separate offer to sell their shares at a higher price.
'Green mail' refers to the practice where a shareholder, often a larger investor, pressures a company to buy back their shares at an inflated price to avoid a hostile takeover or gain a financial advantage.
In this case, Gingerbread Ltd suspected that Orion LLC's counter offer aimed to extract a premium from the company by leveraging their significant ownership stake.
Accusing Orion LLC of 'green mail' signals their concern about the potential manipulation of share prices and protecting the interests of the company and its shareholders.
'Green mail' is a term used to describe a situation where a shareholder attempts to pressure a company into buying back their shares at a premium to avoid hostile takeovers or gain financial benefits.
This practice raises concerns about fairness, as it can disadvantage other shareholders and potentially inflate the company's expenses.
Share buy-backs are typically undertaken to return excess capital to shareholders, improve earnings per share, or signal confidence in the company's financial position.
However, accusations of 'green mail' suggest that the actions of certain shareholders may be driven by self-interest rather than the company's best interests.
In such cases, it is essential for management to carefully evaluate and protect the rights and value of the company and its shareholders.
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in the process of self-leadership, the stage involves frequent comparisons of actual sales achievement with periodic checkpoints. a. tapping technology and automation b. setting goals and objectives c. performance assessment and goal attainment d. territory analysis and account classification e. strategic development of plans
In the process of self-leadership, the stage that involves frequent comparisons of actual sales achievement with periodic checkpoints is c. performance assessment and goal attainment.
This stage is crucial for self-leadership as it allows individuals to evaluate their progress and performance against set goals and objectives.
By regularly assessing their performance, individuals can identify areas for improvement and make necessary adjustments to achieve their goals.
This process can be facilitated by tapping technology and automation (a) to track and analyze sales data effectively.
In conclusion, the stage of performance assessment and goal attainment plays a vital role in self-leadership, enabling individuals to measure their sales achievement and take proactive steps towards success.
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Is Ahmed Special?
*Author: J M. David, Assistant Professor, University of D M (The case has been modified)
Khalid is a senior auditor for a medium-sized Accounting & Auditing firm. As Khalid is leaving the client’s office for the day, he meets Saif, one of his company’s audit managers.
Khalid: Hi, Saif. What are you doing here so late? I thought you would have gone home by now.
Saif: I just finished doing the inventory with Ahmed. It took us 12 hours.
Khalid: Well, we knew it would take extra time, so we had budgeted for nine hours. But 12 hours, that is a lot more than we had planned on!
Saif: We did fine in the warehouse, but on the outside inventory we ran into problems due to Ahmed’s wheelchair. I tried to help him over some rough spots, but he just won’t accept help.
Khalid: Did the client say anything about Ahmed being there?
Saif: No one said anything directly, but there were a lot of looks. Will Ahmed always be out in the field with us? Don’t get me wrong. I like working with him. He really does good work, but he slows me down. I guess I’ll see you in the morning.
Khalid: Have a good night, Saif.
As Khalid heads home for the evening, he thinks about the issue:
"How did I get so lucky as to have Ahmed on my staff? I’m really glad he was hired; it’s about time we broke that barrier of not hiring people with disabilities. Ahmed has really performed well on the computer project last week. We even saved money because of his creative ideas. It is too bad his manager Saif seems to think he won’t work out for client visits."
"Maybe Saif has a point. If Ahmed ran into problems in a warehouse, what will he do at the factory in Industrial Area where there is no elevator? Or worse, what will happen at the Al-Shahaniya site which has 50 steps to climb and no ramp? The utility industry is our bread and butter. Ahmed can’t avoid these physical problems."
"Is my job to integrate Ahmed into the team? Or is it to get the work done efficiently? If Ahmed is going to succeed as an auditor, he needs all these experiences, but that reduces our company’s efficiency. He will always be slower and will often need a co-worker to help him. Maybe I could make him work only in our West Bay office doing sampling and other computer jobs. He is really a genius at those tasks. Maybe he’ll can end up as an Electronic Data Processing (EDP) auditor…"
But Ahmed has his own ideas. "I’m very happy I got this job. My professors told me I didn’t have a good chance of getting into public accounting. Even after I got here, I was afraid they wouldn’t send me out to any client’s worksites. That inventory check we did today, did take some extra time. I hope that’s not a problem for the client or my company. It is so much more challenging visiting clients rather than sitting in front of the computer all day. I'm really looking forward to my next client worksite assignment."
2. Individual Factors
Personal Values of decision Maker:
Moral Philosophies of Decision Maker: (Circle one and give reason below)
Teleology Egoism Utilitarianism Deontology Virtue Ethics Relativist
Reason:
Opportunity Job Context:
Code of Ethics/Code of Conduct:
Knowledge:
The decision maker, Khalid, demonstrates a mix of moral philosophies in this scenario. While he acknowledges the importance of breaking barriers and hiring individuals with disabilities, he also considers the practicality and efficiency of integrating Ahmed.
who uses a wheelchair, into the auditing team. Khalid's initial thoughts reflect a utilitarian perspective, as he values Ahmed's contribution to the computer project and the cost savings resulting from his creative ideas. However, his concerns about Ahmed's limitations in physically demanding client visits demonstrate a deontological viewpoint, where he prioritizes fulfilling the job requirements efficiently and meeting client expectations.
Overall, Khalid's moral philosophies appear to be a blend of utilitarianism and deontology, considering both the benefits and practical considerations in making decisions.
In the given scenario, Khalid faces a dilemma between integrating Ahmed into the team and ensuring efficient work processes. He recognizes Ahmed's talents in computer-related tasks and contemplates assigning him primarily to the West Bay office, where he can excel as an Electronic Data Processing (EDP) auditor.
This approach aligns with Khalid's utilitarian perspective, as it maximizes Ahmed's abilities and potential contributions to the company. However, it also reflects deontological considerations, as Khalid is concerned about Ahmed's limitations in physically demanding client visits and the potential impact on the company's efficiency and client satisfaction.
Khalid's decision-making process is influenced by his personal values, which include breaking barriers and promoting inclusivity, as well as the job context that requires efficient completion of auditing tasks. Additionally, the company's Code of Ethics or Code of Conduct may play a role in guiding Khalid's decision-making process, although the specific details of the code are not mentioned in the given information.
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Use the information for Economy Y in the table to answer the question below. Year CPI 2017 324.7 2018 332.8 2019 346.1 2020 349.6 2021 362.8 In which year did Economy Y have disinflation? 2019 2018 O 2020 2021 Use the information for Economy Y in the table to answer the question below. Year CPI 2017 324.7 2018 332.8 2019 346.1 2020 349.6 2021 362.8 What was the rate of inflation in Economy Y in 2018? 3.65% 8.10% 2.49% 2.84% Use the information for Economy Y in the table to answer the question below. Year CPI 2017 324.7 2018 332.8 2019 346.1 2020 349.6 2021 362.8 In which year did Economy Y have deflation? O None of the other answers listed is correct. 2021 2019 2018 2020
