The balanced redox reaction is
Mg(s) + 2Au⁺ (aq) → Mg²⁺ (aq) + 2Au(s)
Equalizing the right and left sides by the stoichiometric coefficient balances the response. The redox reactions have been balanced and fixed by simplifying the numbers.
The oxidation half-reaction:
Mg → Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻
The reduction half-reaction:
2Au + 2 e⁻ → 2 Au
The overall balanced reaction is:
Mg(s) + 2Au⁺ (aq) → Mg²⁺ (aq) + 2Au(s)
The redox equation can be balanced using the following stepwise procedure. Split the equation into two half-reactions. Balance the mass and charge half-reactions. Balance the number of electrons transferred in each half-reaction. Add half-reactions together.
There are two ways to balance redox reactions. One uses the change in the oxidation numbers of the oxidizing and reducing agents and the other divides the redox reaction into two half-reactions reduction and oxidation. The first step in balancing a redox reaction is to split the reaction in half.
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4. A balloon has a volume of 6.5 L at a pressure of 106 kPa and a temperature of 19°C. If thevolume decreases to 3.6 L and the temperature rises to 27°C, what is the new pressure?
Answer:
1.95 atm or 197 kPa*
Explanation:
To find the new pressure, you need to use the Combined Gas Law:
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
In this equation, "P₁", "V₁", and "T₁" represent the initial pressure, volume, and temperature. "P₂", "V₂", and "T₂" represent the new pressure, volume, and temperature. Before using the equation, you need to:
(1) convert the pressure from kPa to atm (101.3 kPa = 1 atm)
(2) convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin (°C + 273 = K)
You can then plug these values into the equation and solve for "P₂".
P₁ = 106 kPa / 101.3 = 1.05 atm P₂ = ? atm
V₁ = 6.5 L V₂ = 3.6 L
T₁ = 19°C + 273 = 292 K T₂ = 27°C + 273 = 300 K
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex] <----- Combined Gas Law
[tex]\frac{(1.05 atm)(6.5L)}{292K}=\frac{P_2(3.6L)}{300K}[/tex] <----- Insert values
[tex]0.0234=\frac{P_2(3.6L)}{300K}[/tex] <----- Simplify left side
[tex]7.01 = P_2(3.6L)[/tex] <----- Multiply both sides by 300
[tex]1.95 = P_2[/tex] <----- Divide both sides by 3.6
*1.95 atm x 101.3 = 197 kPa
197 kPa or 1.95 atm is a new pressure, you must apply the Combined Gas Law to determine the new pressure.
What is gas law?The starting pressure, volume, and temperature are denoted in this equation by "P1", "V1," and "T1," respectively. The new pressure, volume, and temperature are denoted by the letters "P2", "V2," and "T2". You must: before applying the equation:
(1) convert pressure to atm (101.3 kPa = 1 atm)
(2) Use the formula °C + 273 to convert temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin.
After that, you may solve for "P2" by plugging these numbers into the equation.
P1 = 101.3 kPa / 106 kPa = 1.05 atm P₂ = ? atm
V₁ = 6.5 L V₂ = 3.6 L
T₁ = 19°C + 273 = 292 K T₂ = 27°C + 273 = 300 K
Therefore, 1.95 atm X 101.3 = 197 kPa
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Write a balanced equation for the reaction between and to give and , and calculate δh°.
Answer:
∆H° = is the answer ok I am sure it is
An aqueous solution ggggggggggggg
Answer:
cool
Explanation:
*30 Points* What is the electronegativity difference of the compound HNO?
The three elements of this compound are: Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, and have no subscript number.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
In which type of chemical bond are electrons transferred from 1 atom to another?.
Ionic bonds are bonds that occur due to the handover of electrons to form positive ions and negative ions whose electron configuration is the same as that of the noble gasses.
Chemical bondsChemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms in elements and compounds together. Chemical bonds can occur with several types of bonds.
Based on the electron configuration that occurs in bond formation, chemical bonds are divided into 4 types:
1. Ionic or electrovalent bonds
This bond occurs because of the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions in a chemical compound
2. Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds occur when the sharing of electron pairs from each of the bonding atoms.
3. Coordinate covalent bond
Coordinate covalent bond is a bond that uses a shared pair of electrons, but the electrons only come from one of the atoms.
4. Metallic bond
This bond is formed due to the attractive force of the metal atomic nucleus with a sea of electrons.
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4. Calculate the number of grams in 1.22 moles of sodium
The mass of 1.22 mol sodium is = 28.06g.
A mole is the SI unit of the quantity of a substance. One mole of a substance contains 6.022 10 to the 23rd power of that substance. Therefore, 1 mole of copper atoms is 6.022 times 10 to the 23rd power of copper atoms. Also, the number of moles of sodium atoms is 6.022 times 10 to the power of 23 sodium atoms.
calculation:-
molar mass of sodium = 24
moles of sodium = 1.22
mass = moles × molar mass
= 1.22 × 24
= 29.28
Mole symbol Mole is a unit of quantity of a substance in the International System of Units. The amount of matter is a measure of how many basic units of a particular matter are contained in an object or sample. Find the atomic weight of each element in the formula, multiply by the number of atoms of that element in the compound and add to all others. This gives the mass in grams of one mole of the molecule.
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Which of the following diagrams is the correct electron dot diagram for Al
The correct electron dot diagram for Al is Al with three dots. The option A is the correct option.
What is aluminum atom?Aluminum is one of the element of the periodic table. It belongs to 13th group. The atomic number of aluminum is 13 and mass number is 26. The electronic configuration of aluminum is 1s1 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1.
Since there are three electron in the lass shell. Therefore to obtain stable electronic configuration aluminium lose three electron. Since, last electronic configuration is 3 p. Thus, it belongs to p block and 3rd period.
The number of electron dot on an element is depend on the valancy of that particular atom. Let's learn with an example of Na. It has 11 as atomic number and have valancy 1. So, the dot present on Na symbol is one. In the same way, the aluminum has 3 valancy. So, the number of dots present is three.
Thus, we concluded that the correct electron dot diagram for Al is Al with three dots. The option A is the correct option.
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Draw the Lewis dot diagram for a H -
anion.
Lewis dot diagram is the diagram which describes the chemical bonding between atoms in a molecule. It also represents the total number of lone pairs present on the atom. The lewis dot diagram for H⁻ ion is shown in the attached image.
Since hydrogen contains one electron in the s orbital and it has electronic configuration 1s¹. When hydrogen forms anion, the electron will goes in s-orbital and the electronic configuration of H⁻ ion is 1s². It means both electrons are paired and it shows as a lone pair in the lewis dot diagram of H⁻ anion.
Therefore, the lewis dot diagram is shown in the image which is attached with the question.
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Carbon-22 has a half-life of 3 days. What is the rate of decay of Carbon-22?
Carbon has a half-life of 5,730 years.
The rate of deterioration, or pastime, of a sample of a radioactive substance, is lower within the wide variety of radioactive nuclei in line with unit time.
The decay rate is expressed as a percent. We convert it to decimal through surely reducing the percentage and dividing it by means of 100. Then calculate the decay element b = 1-r. for example, if the rate of deterioration is 25%, the exponential characteristic's decay price is zero.25 and the decay thing b = 1- 0.25 = 0. seventy-five.
The rate of nuclear decay is also measured in terms of half of-lives. The 1/2-lifestyles is the amount of time it takes for a given isotope to lose half of its radioactivity. If a radioisotope has a 1/2-existence of 14 days, half of of its atoms will have decayed within 14 days.
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Please ASAP f the two points on the globe’s surface where the pencil passes through represent the North Pole and the South Pole, what does the entire pencil represent?
Hold the top of the pencil so that it is pointing straight up, and then tilt the pencil a little to the right. What does the tilting of the pencil represent?
Slowly turn the pencil in your hands so that the globe spins from right to left. What does this movement represent?
2. You will need a lamp and a dark room and your model of Earth for this exercise. The lamp will represent the sun.
Hold your model so that the pin representing your home faces the lamp. What does this represent?
While holding the pencil loosely, slowly spin the globe to the right until your home faces away from the lamp. What does this represent?
Now complete the rotation of your model by spinning it slowly until the pin again faces the lamp. What does one entire rotation represent? How many hours would it take Earth to complete this rotation?
The pencil is the earth that rotates about its axis to give day and night.
What is a model?A model can be regarded as a representation of reality. The model can be used for the purpose of prediction or for the purpose of explanation. In this case, we are trying to use the model for the purpose of explanation.
The whole pencil can be said to represent the globe and the lamp can stand for the sun. The part of the pencil that is exposed to the amp is the part of the earth that is exposed to the sun and has daylight while the other part of the globe would experience darkness.
The rotation of the pencil would denote the rotation of the earth that leads to the occurrence of day and night.
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Based on the expected intermolecular forces, which halogen has the lowest boiling point?.
The smallest molecule in the group, fluorine, or F2, will have the weakest London dispersion forces and the lowest boiling point.
What connection exists between boiling point and intermolecular forces?The strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction that a molecule's components exhibit determines its boiling point. In our situation, you must determine how three nonpolar molecules' boiling temperatures relate to one another. The elements that make up group 17 of the periodic table, or the halogens, exist as diatomic molecules. These molecules won't display strong London dispersion forces because they are nonpolar. As a result, since bromine, Br2, is the largest molecule in the group, you may anticipate that it will display the strongest London dispersion forces have the greatest point of boiling.
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Choose the best answer.
Why is OTEC not currently used?
It is dangerous.
It is unethical.
It is in an experimental phase and is very expensive.
It was outlawed.
OTEC not currently used because it is in an experimental phase and is very expensive
Ocean thermal energy conversion is the electricity generation system and the OTEC refer to using the temprature differences between the deep parts of the sea and which are cold and the shallow part of the sea and which are cold to run a heat engine and produce useful work and the deeper part of ocean are cooler because the heat of sunlight cannot penetrate very deep into the water and OTEC are not currently used because it is an experimental phase and very expensive and it is currently used in japan
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What is the expected freezing point of a 0.50 m solution of Cs2SO4 in water? Kf for water is 1.86°C/m.
-6.5
-1.9
-2.8
-0.93
+0.93
Option C. The expected freezing point of a 0.50 m solution is - 2.8°C.
The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes stable. As with the melting point, multiplied stress typically raises the freezing factor. The freezing point is lower than the melting point in the case of mixtures and for sure natural compounds such as fat.
Calculation:-
ΔT f = i × K f × m
Cs₂SO₄ ------> 2Li⁺ + SO²⁻
Given,
T f° = 0.0 °C
If = 1.86 °C/m
m = 0.50 m
i = 3
substitution of the values in the equation
0 °C - T f = 3 × 1.86 °C/ × 0.50
0 °C - T f = 2.8 C
0 ° C - 2.8°C = T f
- 2.8°C = T f
Hence, the freezing point is Cs₂SO₃ solution is - 2.8°C .
The freezing point of water and melting point is zero °C or 32 °F. The temperature may be lower if supercooling takes place or if there are impurities present in the water that may purpose freezing factor despair to occur. below positive conditions, water may also remain a liquid as bloodless as -forty to -42°F
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Write the formula of the structure that would have the greatest internuclear distance between the pairs.
An element's electronegativity determines whether it is ionic or non-ionic. Fluorine has the most electronegativity while iodine has the lowest, which means that the Cs I ionic bond's power of attraction is at its lowest, allowing for the largest possible distance between their molecules.
By intermolecular contact, what do you mean?The attracting and repellent forces that develop between the molecules of a substance are referred to as intermolecular forces (IMF), which is sometimes shortened. These forces act as a bridge between the individual molecules of a substance. Intermolecular forces are primarily responsible for the physical and chemical properties of matter.
Which four intermolecular interactions are there?The following are the four main intermolecular forces: Van der Waals dipole-dipole interactions < Van der Waals dispersion forces <Ionic bonds <Hydrogen bonds .
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The reaction CO₂(g) + C(s) = 2 CO(g) has Kp = 5.78 at
1200 K.
a. Calculate the total pressure at equilibrium when 4.45 g of CO₂ is introduced into a 10.0-L container and heated to 1200 K in the presence of 2.00 g of graphite.
b. Repeat the calculation of part a in the presence of 0.50 g of graphite.
Hope this answer helps you a lot ✅✅
how many molecules in 12 grams of h20
There are 5.02 *10²² molecules in 12 grams of water.
What is a molecule?
This refers to two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds. egH₂0.
What is molecular weight?
This refers to the total weights of the individual atoms that comprise the molecule.
How to calculate number of molecules in a chemical compound.
.Calculate the molecular weight of the substance for one mole.
. Divide the molar mass value by the molecular mass.
. Finally, multiply by the Avogadro constant.
Recall,
1 mole of a subtance= 6.022×10²³ atoms(Avogadro's Law)
Hence calculating the number of molecules in 12g of H₂0 we have:
1 mole of H₂0=(1*2) +(8*2)
18g
18g of H₂0 contains 6.022×10²³ atoms
Then 12g of H₂0 contains:
number of molecules=Number of atoms /mass of H₂0
=6.022×10²³/12
=5.02×10²²
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When I took the oath of office, I pledged loyalty to only one special interest group–"We the people." Those people–neighbors and friends, shopkeepers and laborers, farmers and craftsmen–do not have infinite patience. As a matter fact, some 80 years ago, Teddy Roosevelt wrote these instructive words in his first message to the Congress: "The American people are slow to wrath, but when their wrath is once kindled, it burns like a consuming flame." Well, perhaps that kind of wrath will be deserved if our answer to these serious problems is to repeat the mistakes of the past.
–President Ronald Reagan
April 28, 1981
Which audience does President Reagan appeal to in this part of the speech?
the American people
American business leaders
government workers
government officials
The audience that President Reagan appeals to in this part of the speech is : "the American people" (Option A)
What is an audience in literature?An audience is a group of people who read a certain piece of work. As a writer, you should anticipate your audience's wants or expectations in order to transmit information or argue for a certain position.
Knowing your audience helps you decide what information to include, how to arrange that information, and what type of supporting elements are required for the reader to grasp what you are presenting. It also has an impact on the tone and organization of the document.
The audience for a literary review is often composed of people of the writer's own discipline. However, these discipline colleagues may not be experts in the specific topic or problem addressed in the literature study.
The evidence in the text that indicates that the speaker is addressing the American People are:
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Around each indicated atom in the organic structure, determine the ideal expected angle.
Angle A: Choose.. degrees
Angle B: Choose...
Angle C: 180 degrees
Angle D : Choose...
Angle E: Choose... degrees
Choose.
104.5
120
180
107
109.5
There are two characteristics of molecules, one is geometry and other is shape. Shape is excluding lone pair surrounding the central element and geometry is including the lone pair. Therefore, the angles can be found out by VSEPR theory.
What is VSEPR theory?VSEPR stands for valence shell electron pair repulsions. VSEPR theory is used to predict the shape and geometry of molecules on the basis of valence electrons pairs that are present around the central element of the molecule.
According to VSEPR theory, Lone pair lone pair repulsion is greater than bond pair bond pair repulsion. There are so many limitations of VSEPR theory. There is a repulsion between bond pair electrons and lone pairs present on the central element.
Angle A:120 since lone pair is in conjugation with the ring so sp² hybridized.
Angle B:120, sp² hybridized
Angle C:180, sp hybridized
Angle D:109.5 sp³ hybridized
Angle E:120, sp² hybridized
Therefore, the angles can be found out by VSEPR theory.
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Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when excess hydroiodic acid and sodium sulfite (aq) are combined.
The net ionic equation for chemical reaction when excess of hydroiodic acid combines with sodium sulfite is 2 H[tex]^+[/tex] [tex]_(aq)[/tex] + S[tex]^2-[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex] H₂S[tex]_(g)[/tex].
What is ionic equation?Ionic equation is defined as a chemical equation which represents electrolytes in aqueous solutions and are expressed as dissociated ions. Ions present in aqueous solutions are stabilized by ion dipole interactions with the water molecules which are present.
An ionic equation can be written for any electrolyte which dissociates and reacts with the polar solvent. In a balanced ionic equation , number and type of atoms on each sides of reaction arrow are same. Even the net charge on both sides of the arrow is same.
Strong acids and bases exist as dissociated ions present in the solution and are written in forms of ions in ionic equation.Weak acids and bases do not dissociate completely and hence are written in the form of molecular formula.
For the given reaction, net ionic equation is obtained as,by balancing the reaction between hydroiodic acid and sodium sulfite and then writing its dissociated form,
2 H[tex]^+[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex] + 2 I[tex]^-[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex] +2 Na [tex]^+_(aq)[/tex] + S[tex]^2- _(aq)\rightarrow[/tex] H₂S[tex]_(g) + 2 Na ^+ _(aq)[/tex] +2 I[tex]^-_(aq)[/tex]
Removing the spectator ions , final net ionic equation is,2 H[tex]^+[/tex] [tex]_(aq)[/tex] + S[tex]^2-[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex] H₂S[tex]_(g)[/tex].
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Q4.
A chemical is soluble in water but insoluble in benzene. As a consequence, benzene
may be used to determine its density. The density of benzene is 0.879/g/L. Calculate the
density of the sample.
(a) Weight of empty flask
(b) Weight of flask + sample
(c) Weight of flask + sample + benzene to fill
(d) Weight of flask + benzene (without sample)
8.862 +0.002 g
10.986 ± 0.002 g
30.086 +0.002 g
29.172 0.002 g
Calculate the percentage error in the density of the sample.
Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual 7A and 7B V.4.1
The formula for percent error is the absolute value of the difference between the measured value and the actual value divided by the actual value multiplied by 100. The purpose of calculating percent error is to analyze how close the measured value is to the actual value. teeth. This is part of a comprehensive error analysis.
For most fields, the percentage error is always expressed as a positive number but for other fields, it is legal to have positive or negative values. Sampling error is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the population by the square root of the sample size and multiplying the result by a z-score based on the confidence interval.
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1 Scenario
Body systems work together to maintain the entire organism. The table below portrays data that was
taken from a student before and after that student ran a mile.
2 External Data
Observations
body temperature (internal)
pulse/heart rate
respiration rate
sweating
Starting Data
98.6°F (37°C)
80 bpm
18 bpm
normal
91°F (33°C)
Ending Data
99.1°F (38°C)
120 bpm
28 bpm
increase
92.5°F (35°C)
claim:
Evidence:
reasoning:
Body systems work together to maintain the entire organism then the body response to the running mile is then the breathing may become heavy as well as pulse quicken as heart pump harder
According to the given data body temprature from starting it is 98.6°F (37°C) and the ending data is 99.1°F (38°C) and pulse and heart rate is from starting 80 bpm and ending it is 120 bpm and respiration rate is from starting 18 bpm and the ending it is 28 bpm and sweating in starting is normal and in the ending it is increase and skin temprature in starting is 91°F (33°C) and ending is 92.5°F (35°C) so when the student start to run the heat or temprature in the body is normal but when the student run a mile the temprature as well as pulse and heart rate and respiration rate is also increases
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1. Up to this time , scientists had identified elements by determining the properties of elemental substances . Because the properties of elements differ from the properties of compounds that contain those elements , scientists had used a variety of methods , including the battery , to decompose compounds into elemental substances . How did the spectroscope change the way scientists looked for elements ?
The spectroscope has changed the way scientists looked for elements in that it allows for the identification of elements from compounds without a need to decompose the compounds.
What is a spectroscope?A spectroscope also known as a spectrometer is an instrument that produces and analyzes the spectra or absorption lines using visible light.
The spectrometer measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter.
These measurements are obtained or determined from the wavelength or frequency of the radiation.
A spectroscope is used to analyze and study the elemental components of compounds without having to decompose the compounds into elemental substances.
Thus, spectroscopes have proved to be useful in the study of the properties of elements in compounds.
Compounds are formed when two or more elements are combined together.
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Why we have to grind calcium chloride before starting the experiment?
Answer:
Calcium chloride in its anhydrous form is an economical drying agent and very important for drying processes in laboratories. Those are for example: drying of liquids and neutral gases. It is also a very good drying agent for a wide variety of solvents.
Calcium chloride compound in its anhydrous form is an economical drying agent and very important for drying processes in laboratories.
Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.
Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions.They make up the drying agent used to absorb the moisture.They have a unique chemical structure held together by chemical bonds .Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
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Eggs are only produced when a person is trying to get pregnant. true or false?
Answer: False
Explanation: Eggs are produced during ovulation once a month when someone has a period.
Which of the following is a polyatmoic ion?
Answer:
PO4 3-
Explanation:
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms carrying a charge ( positive or negative ).
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zero.
Whereas S2- is not because it is an inorganic ion
An atom of an element x has 81 electrons and 124 neutrons
A how many protons has it
B what is it's mass number
C what is the atomic number of x
Answer:
A its has 63 protons
B mass number is also 124
C Atomic number of x is 63
Explanation:
Element x has 63 protons with mass number of 124 and atomic number of 63Help please, it will mean a lot
Chemical formula Na2CO3 is ionic compound and CO is covalent compound.
The chemical formula of a compound is a symbolic representation of its chemical composition. The components of a compound's molecules are identified in its chemical formula, as well as the ratio in which its atoms combine to produce those molecules. For instance, a molecule of water has the molecular formula H2O, which indicates that it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
A substance's molecular formula can be used to estimate the amount of its constituent constituents. In molecular formulae, the elements are denoted by the symbols from the periodic table, and the number of atoms in each element is denoted by a subscript. For instance, the molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6.
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Explain how flame tests could be used to perhaps identify, which metal ions are present in an unknown solution.
An unknown metal is exposed to flame by chemists during a flame test. Based on the type of metal present in the substance, the flame will change color. Once the chemical is identified, the scientists can proceed.
Which metals can be identified by flame test?The simplest method for determining whether group 1 metal ions are present in the chemical is a flame test. There are several effective methods for other metals, but a flame test will give you a better idea of what to look for.
Chemists place an unidentified metal under a flame as part of a flame test. Depending on whatever metal is present in the substance, the flame will take on a variety of colors. Thus, the mystery material can be identified by the scientists.
Metals have observable characteristics that are particular to each one, much like all other elements, such as density, boiling temperature, melting point, and specific heat. These characteristics can be utilized to identify unknown metal samples since they are special.
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12) What is the mass of 3.5 moles of CO₂?
Answer:
154 grams CO₂
Explanation:
To find the mass of CO₂, you need to multiply the mole value by the molar mass of CO₂. The molar mass represents the mass (grams) of CO₂ per every one mole. It is important to arrange the ratio/conversion in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Atomic Mass (C): 12.011 g/mol
Atomic Mass (O): 15.999 g/mol
Molar Mass (CO₂): 12.011 g/mol + 2(15.999 g/mol) = 44.009 g/mol
3.5 moles CO₂ 44.009 g
------------------------- x -------------------- = 154 grams CO₂
1 mole
If 275 mL of 0.250 M BaCl₂ is added to 225 mL of 0.125 M Na₃PO₄, how many moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ precipitate will be formed? The balanced equation is
3 BaCl₂(aq) + 2 Na₃PO₄(aq) → Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6 NaCl(aq)
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry ,0.0140625 moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ can be produced if 275 mL of 0.250 M BaCl₂ is added to 225 mL of 0.125 M Na₃PO₄.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
3 BaCl₂(aq) + 2 Na₃PO₄(aq) → Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6 NaCl(aq)
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
BaCl₂: 3 moleNa₃PO₄: 2 moles Ba₃(PO₄)₂: 1 moleNaCl: 6 molesDefinition of molarityMolar concentration or molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
Limiting reagentThe limiting reagent is one that is consumed first in its entirety, determining the amount of product in the reaction. When the limiting reagent is finished, the chemical reaction will stop.
Amount of moles of each reagentIn this case, you know:
Molarity of BaCl₂= 0.250 MVolume of BaCl₂= 275 mL= 0.275 LMolarity of Na₃PO₄= 0.125 MVolume of Na₃PO₄= 225 mL= 0.225 LSo, the amount of moles of each reagent can be calculated as:
moles of BaCl₂= Volume of BaCl₂× Molarity of BaCl₂
moles of BaCl₂= 0.275 L× 0.250 M
moles of BaCl₂= 0.06875 moles
moles of Na₃PO₄= Volume of Na₃PO₄× Molarity of Na₃PO₄
moles of Na₃PO₄= 0.225 L× 0.125 M
moles of Na₃PO₄= 0.028125 moles
Limiting reagent in this caseTo determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 2 moles of Na₃PO₄ reacts with 2 moles of Na₃PO₄, 0.06875 moles of BaCl₂ reacts with how many moles of Na₃PO₄?
amount of moles of Na₃PO₄= (0.06875 moles of BaCl₂× 2 moles of Na₃PO₄)÷ 2 moles of Na₃PO₄
amount of moles of Na₃PO₄= 0.04583 moles
But 0.04583 moles of Na₃PO₄ are not available, 0.028125 moles are available. Since you have less moles than you need to react with 0.06875 moles of BaCl₂, Na₃PO₄ will be the limiting reagent.
Moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ formedConsidering the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of Na₃PO₄ form 1 mole of Ba₃(PO₄)₂, 0.028125 moles of Na₃PO₄ form how many moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂?
amount of moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂= (0.028125 moles of Na₃PO₄× 1 mole of Ba₃(PO₄)₂)÷ 2 moles of Na₃PO₄
amount of moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂= 0.0140625 moles
Then, 0.0140625 moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ can be produced.
Learn more about the reaction stoichiometry:
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