We may compute the pertinent ratios and compare them between the two years to analyse the changes in Canny Limited's liquidity, solvency, profitability, long-term and total asset management from 2020 to 2021. Considering the following options while keeping the response to two ratios per subsection:
1. The current ratio of current assets to current liabilities is 200/341 in 2020 and 180/344 in 2021, respectively. Between 2020 and 2021, the current ratio fell, signalling a minor fall in short-term liquidity. 2. The quick ratio is calculated as follows: (Current Assets - Stock)/(Current Liabilities) - 2020: (200 - 140)/341 = 0.174 - 2021: (180 - 152)/344 = 0.074 Additionally, the quick ratio dropped, showing a reduced capacity to fulfil urgent responsibilities devoid of using inventories. Solvency: 1. Non-current Liabilities / Equity (Debt-to-Equity Ratio) 2020: 100/266 = 0.376 2021: 100/210 = 0.476 The ratio of debt to equity grew, indicating increased financial leverage and presumably increased risk. EBIT / Interest Expense: 2020: (56 + 40)/(0.08 * 100) = 120; 2021: (56)/(0.08 * 100) = 70. 2. Interest Coverage Ratio: The ability to pay for interest costs out of earnings dropped, as indicated by the interest coverage ratio. Profitability: 1. Gross Profit Margin: 2020: (250 - 200)/250 = 0.2 or 20% - 2021: (300 - 250)/300 = 0.1667 or 16.67% The decline in the gross profit margin indicates that a smaller portion of sales were kept as gross profit. 2. Net Profit Margin: Net Profit After Tax/Sales (2020: 40/250 = 0.16 or 16%; 2021: 56/300 = 0.1867 or 18.67%) The rise in the net profit margin indicates higher sales profitability. Total Asset Management and Long-Term Planning: 1. Return on Assets (ROA): 2020 Net Profit After Tax / Total Assets: 40/787 = 0.0508 or 5.08% - 2021: 56/734 = 0.0762 or 7.62% The ROA increased, showing improved asset utilisation to produce profits. 2. The asset turnover ratio is calculated as follows: Sales / Total Assets: 2020: 250/787 = 0.3176 or 31.76%; 2021: 300/734 = 0.4087 or 40.87%. The asset turnover ratio went up, indicating better sales productivity from total assets. As a whole, Canny Limited saw a marginal drop in liquidity, a rise in solvency risk, an increase in profitability, and stronger long-term and total asset management in 2021 compared to 2020. But the rising debt-to-equity and falling interest coverage ratios raise questions about the company's ability to manage its debt and solvency.
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1. What is meant by partnership property.
2. The effect of the mannequins not being partnership property.
3. The steps that can be taken to dissolve the partnership including what would happen to the mannequins upon dissolutio
1. Partnership property is the property that is owned by a partnership and is intended for use in the partnership business. It includes assets such as real estate, equipment, inventory, and any other property used in the operation of the partnership.
2. If the mannequins are not partnership property, they will not be included in the partnership assets and will not be subject to the same rules and regulations that apply to partnership property. This means that they may be treated differently in the event of dissolution or bankruptcy.
3. To dissolve a partnership, the partners must agree to terminate the partnership and wind up its affairs. This involves distributing the partnership assets and paying off any outstanding debts. If the mannequins are partnership property, they will be included in the assets to be distributed. If they are not partnership property, they may be treated as the personal property of one or more of the partners and may need to be sold or otherwise disposed of separately.
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the practical and theoretical approaches describe authentic leadership as
Authentic leadership is a relatively new leadership concept that has received increased attention in recent years. It is defined as a leadership style that is transparent, ethical, and genuine. In practical terms, authentic leaders are those who model the principles that they espouse. They are people who are open and honest, and who are willing to admit their shortcomings.
Authentic leadership can be contrasted with other leadership styles that may rely on manipulation or coercion to get things done. For example, a transactional leader may offer rewards for good behavior or punish negative behavior. This type of leadership is effective in some situations, but it can also lead to resentment and decreased motivation among employees.
In theoretical terms, authentic leadership can be seen as a combination of two related concepts: moral leadership and transformational leadership. Moral leadership refers to the idea that leaders should act in accordance with a set of ethical principles. Transformational leadership refers to the ability of a leader to inspire and motivate followers to achieve great things.
In summary, authentic leadership can be described as a practical and theoretical approach to leadership that emphasizes transparency, ethics, and genuine relationships between leaders and followers. This approach can be contrasted with other leadership styles that may rely on manipulation or coercion to get things done. Authentic leadership is seen as a combination of moral and transformational leadership, and it is effective in inspiring and motivating followers to achieve great things.
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Business Management
2 Explain why the Human resouroe function is considered as a secondary activity of the business. (5)
The human resource function is considered a secondary activity of the business because its primary function is to support the core activities of the business. Core activities are the main functions that are directly related to the production of goods or services. For example, in a manufacturing company, the core activities are the production of goods and services. The human resource function is a secondary activity that supports the core activities of the business.
The human resource function plays a vital role in any organization. It is responsible for recruiting and selecting employees, training and developing employees, managing employee relations, and providing support for organizational change. However, the human resource function is not a direct part of the production process. Instead, it supports the core activities of the business.
In many organizations, the human resource function is outsourced to third-party providers. This allows the organization to focus on its core activities and leave the human resource function to the experts. Outsourcing the human resource function can also help organizations save costs and improve efficiency.
In conclusion, the human resource function is considered a secondary activity of the business because it supports the core activities of the business. While it is a vital function, it is not a direct part of the production process.
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TRUE/FALSE. managers assume that employees dislike work, prefer to be directed rather than use their own initiative, and that motivation is best accomplished by threats and coercion.
In conclusion, the statement that managers assume employees dislike work, prefer to be directed, and can only be motivated by threats and coercion is false. Effective managers understand the importance of autonomy, motivation, and positive reinforcement in creating a productive and engaging work environment.
FALSE. Managers do not assume that employees dislike work, prefer to be directed rather than use their own initiative, and that motivation is best accomplished by threats and coercion.
Managers today understand that employees are motivated by a variety of factors, including a sense of purpose, autonomy, and personal development. They recognize that employees are not inherently lazy or unmotivated, but rather seek meaningful and fulfilling work experiences.
Instead of relying on directing and controlling employees, effective managers encourage autonomy and empower their team members to take initiative and make decisions. They understand that employees have valuable insights and ideas that can contribute to the success of the organization.
Motivation is best accomplished through positive reinforcement, encouragement, and recognition of employees' efforts and achievements. Managers create a supportive and engaging work environment that fosters collaboration, trust, and open communication. This helps to build strong relationships between managers and employees, leading to increased motivation and job satisfaction.
For example, a manager may provide opportunities for professional development, such as training programs or mentorship, to help employees enhance their skills and grow in their careers. They may also create a culture of feedback and recognition, where employees are praised for their accomplishments and provided constructive feedback to help them improve.
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Consumer desires for environmentally friendly products and services has led to ______ marketing.
"Green" or "sustainable" marketing has emerged as a result of consumer demands for ecologically friendly goods and services. This kind of marketing is centred on promoting goods and services that are sustainable throughout their whole existence.
Green marketing focuses on qualities such renewable resources, energy efficiency, a smaller carbon footprint, recycling, and ethical sourcing in an effort to satisfy the growing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products. To appeal to consumers who are concerned about the environment, it involves methods including eco-labeling, eco-packaging, and marketing of the product's environmental benefits. Green marketing attempts to match products and services with these ideals by acknowledging the significance of sustainability in consumer decision-making.
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Suppose students in Business Economics course have the following demand for an Economics textbook: Qd=440-2p. The seller, Harry Hartog, of the textbook presents the supply curve given by Qs=-40+4p. p is the price of the textbook, Qs is the quantity supplied and Qd is the quantity demanded. Suppose the university asked the book seller in the campus, Harry Hartog, to charge $70 per book. What is the change in Producer Surplus?
we can find out the equilibrium quantity of books and the producer surplus.
The equilibrium price can be found by equating the demand and supply equations:
Qd = Qs440 - 2p = -40 + 4pp = 95
Substituting the value of p in either equation, we get the equilibrium quantity as:
Qd = 440 - 2 × 95 = 250Qs = -40 + 4 × 95 = 250
The equilibrium price is $95 per book and the equilibrium quantity is 250 books.
Now, if the university has asked the seller to charge $70 per book,
the seller will produce and supply 170 books (from Qs = -40 + 4p) and the producer surplus can be calculated as the difference between the total revenue and total variable costs.
The total variable cost can be calculated as the area of the triangle formed by the equilibrium price ($95), the new price ($70) and the equilibrium quantity (250).
This area is given by:
0.5 × (95 - 70) × 250 = 3125So, the producer surplus has reduced by $3125.
The change in producer surplus is -$3125.I hope this helps!
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ben's investment account was valued at $15,000 but then lost 15% of its value. what percent increase is needed for the investment account to return to its previous value?
15% increase is needed for Ben's investment account to return to its previous value.
How much percent increase is required for Ben's investment?To find the percent increase needed, we will calculate the percentage of the original value that was lost and then determine the percentage increase required to make up for it.
The amount lost from the original value is 15% of $15,000, which is:
= 0.15 * $15,000
= $2,250.
To return to the original value, the investment account needs to increase by $2,250. To get percentage increase needed, we divide the increase by the original value and multiply by 100:
Percentage increase = ($2,250 / $15,000) * 100 = 15%.
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Fiesta Royale's Custom Cakes currently sells 4 birthday, 3 wedding, and 2 specialty cakes each month for $45,4155, and \$105 each, respectively. The cost of labour is $50 per hour (including benefits) and it takes 90 minutes to produce a birthday cake, 240 minutes to produce a wedding cake, and 60 minutes to produce a specialty cake. Overhead cost is estimated to be \$250 for the production of the cakes.
Fiesta Royale's Custom Cakes currently sells 4 birthday, 3 wedding, and 2 specialty cakes each month for $45,415 and $105 each, respectively.
The cost of labor is $50 per hour (including benefits) and it takes 90 minutes to produce a birthday cake, 240 minutes to produce a wedding cake, and 60 minutes to produce a specialty cake.
Overhead cost is estimated to be $250 for the production of the cakes.
The production cost of a birthday cake:
It takes 90 minutes to produce a birthday cake.1 hour = 60 minutes.
90 minutes = $90/60 = $1.5
Cost of producing a birthday cake = $1.5 × 2 = $3
The production cost of a wedding cake
:It takes 240 minutes to produce a wedding cake.
1 hour = 60 minutes.
240 minutes = $240/60 = $4
Cost of producing a wedding cake = $4 × 3 = $12
The production cost of a specialty cake:
It takes 60 minutes to produce a specialty cake.
1 hour = 60 minutes.
60 minutes = $60/60 = $1
Cost of producing a specialty cake = $1 × 2 = $2
Production cost for selling all cakes = $3 × 4 + $12 × 3 + $2 × 2 =$12 + $36 + $4 = $52
Labour cost:
Labour cost per hour is $50.
1 hour = 60 minutes.
90 minutes = $50/60 × 90 = $75L
abour cost of producing 4 birthday cakes = 4 × $75 = $300
Labour cost of producing 3 wedding cakes = 3 × 4 × $50 = $600
Labour cost of producing 2 specialty cakes = 2 × $50 = $100
Total labour cost = $300 + $600 + $100 = $1000
The overhead cost is $250.
Total production cost = $52 + $1000 + $250 = $1302
Total revenue from selling cakes = 4 × $45 + 3 × $105 = $180 + $315 = $495
Total profit = $495 - $1302 = -$807
Therefore, the total profit is -$807.
Hence, option A is correct.
Question in correct format is given as:
Fiesta Royale's Custom Cakes currently sells 4 birthday, 3 wedding, and 2 specialty cakes each month for 45, 155, and 105 each, respectively. The cost of labour is 50 per hour (including benefits) and it takes 90 minutes to produce a birthday cake, 240 minutes to produce a wedding cake, and 60 minutes to produce a specialty cake. Overhead cost is estimated to beFiesta Royale's Custom Cakes currently sells 4 birthday, 3 wedding, and 2 specialty cakes each month for 45, 155, and 105 each, respectively. The cost of labour is50 per hour (including benefits) and it takes 90 minutes to produce a birthday cake, 240 minutes to produce a wedding cake, and 60 minutes to produce a specialty cake. Overhead cost is estimated to be 250 for the production of the cakes.
a. Calculate Fiesta Royale's labour productivity ratio in Cedis per hour for each type of cake.
i. Birthday cake
ii. Wedding cake
iii. Specialty cake
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The ICS Marketing Department wants to increase subscriptions to its "Trident" product bundle which includes telephone, cable television, and Internet services. The Marketing Department gathered information about current customers, and whether or not they currently subscribe to the Trident bundle. Current customers might subscribe to only one or two of the services offered, and ICS would like to upgrade such customers to the Trident bundle.
Marketing staff designed a 5-question survey for customers who currently do not subscribe to the Trident bundle. One of the questions posed in the survey was: "Would you consider subscribing to the Trident bundle if a discount was offered?"
Out of 500 households selected for the survey, several households chose not to participate, could not be contacted after repeated attempts, or had telephone numbers that were not in service. An Excel file has been provided to you in Blackboard, containing the results for this survey question (see Case Assignment #3 Data.xlsx, tab SURVEY).
(a) Prepare a confidence interval for the proportion of all current households which would subscribe to the Trident bundle if a discount was offered. Use a confidence level of 95%. [8 marks]
(b) Briefly comment on the marketing implications these results might have for ICS. [2 marks]
To prepare a confidence interval for the proportion of all current households that would subscribe to the Trident bundle if a discount was offered, we need to use the provided survey data and calculate the confidence interval using a confidence level of 95%.
First, locate the data for the survey question "Would you consider subscribing to the Trident bundle if a discount was offered?" in the provided Excel file.Calculate the sample proportion (p-hat) by dividing the number of "Yes" responses by the total number of survey responses.Next, calculate the standard error (SE) using the formula: SE = sqrt((p-hat * (1 - p-hat)) / n), where n is the total number of survey responses.Using a confidence level of 95%, find the critical value (Z) associated with that confidence level. For a two-tailed test, the critical value is approximately 1.96.Finally, calculate the confidence interval using the formula: Confidence Interval = p-hat ± (Z * SE).(b) The marketing implications of these results for ICS depend on the obtained confidence interval. The confidence interval represents a range of values within which the true proportion of all current households that would subscribe to the Trident bundle if a discount was offered is likely to fall.
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Harriett is a New Zealand resident. She belongs to a family of talented artists and art collectors. Harriett earns income as a freelance writer of articles about the art world for various leisure magazines. The following events have occurred:
In 1996, Harriett inherited an original Rembrandt pencil sketch from her deceased aunt in the United Kingdom. Harriett’s growing anxiety over the security of the work in her Karori house, together with rapidly increasing insurance premiums, led her to sell the sketch. To get the best price for it, she sold it through Sotheby’s Auctions in London. Transportation of the sketch to the United Kingdom, including insurance for the journey, cost Harriett $NZ 27,500. The sketch sold for $NZ 3,480,500.
Harriett’s mother, Molly, is a gifted oil painter. From time to time when Harriett is out of work, Molly gives some of her paintings to Harriett in return for Harriett doing Molly’s housekeeping each week. Both Molly’s and Harriett’s intentions are that Molly sells the paintings when Harriett is short of cash. This has occurred 4 times from 1 January 2020 to 31 July 2022. In total, Harriett received $86,700 from the paintings that she sold at auction through Dunbar Sloane Auctioneers in Wellington.
In August 2021, Harriett and her entrepreneurial uncle, George, devised a plan to monitor deceased estates in New Zealand over the next 12 months to identify potentially valuable art works, which could be acquired as investments that would be easy to sell if future cash needs arose. Execution of this plan resulted in the purchase of 8 watercolour paintings over the year, one of which cost $10,000 and was sold in March 2022 for $23,000.
Harriett is a New Zealand resident who inherited an original Rembrandt pencil sketch from her deceased aunt in the United Kingdom.
The sale of the sketch led to the transportation of the sketch to the United Kingdom, which included insurance for the journey, and cost Harriett $NZ 27,500. The sketch was later sold through Sotheby’s Auctions in London for $NZ 3,480,500.Harriett earns income as a freelance writer of articles about the art world for various leisure magazines. When Harriett is out of work, Molly, Harriett’s mother, gives some of her paintings to Harriett in return for Harriett doing Molly’s housekeeping each week.
Both Molly’s and Harriett’s intentions are that Molly sells the paintings when Harriett is short of cash. In total, Harriett received $86,700 from the paintings that she sold at auction through Dunbar Sloane Auctioneers in Wellington.
Harriett and her entrepreneurial uncle, George, devised a plan to monitor deceased estates in New Zealand over the next 12 months to identify potentially valuable art works, which could be acquired as investments that would be easy to sell if future cash needs arose. The plan resulted in the purchase of 8 watercolour paintings over the year, one of which cost $10,000 and was sold in March 2022 for $23,000.
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Write an Investment Thesis on Charles Schwab.
Investment thesis refers to the investor's outlook on a company or investment opportunity. It is a written document that explains the investment strategy, the investor's expectations, and the reasons why the investment will be profitable over the long term.
In this case, the investment thesis will focus on Charles Schwab. Charles Schwab is a leading brokerage firm that provides financial services and products to investors worldwide. Here's an investment thesis on Charles Schwab:Investment ThesisCharles Schwab is a well-established brokerage firm with a strong competitive advantage. The company has built a reputation for delivering innovative products, low-cost trading, and excellent customer service.
Furthermore, Charles Schwab has a strong balance sheet with significant cash reserves, which positions the company to take advantage of future growth opportunities.Investing in Charles Schwab provides an opportunity to capitalize on the growth of the financial services industry.
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There are several reasons as to why the American automobile industry collapsed in 2008. Which of the following correctly identifies the reason/s for the collapse: 1) The volume of cars sold in the U.S. was significantly tied to home equity lines of credit, with 24% of auto sales financed this way in 2006− when people could no longer pay their mortgage they could no longer finance new automobiles. 2) American employees' salaries helped drive the industry toward its collapse; in that, total compensation for General Motors employees was approximately $73 per hour while for Toyota's employees the salary was about $48 /hour." 3) In 2006, Consumer Reports cited their top 10 best automobiles............and not one of the top 10 was an American made automobile; thus, consumers had turned to foreign made cars because they were rated better than American made cars. 4) During the 1990 s General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford had all begun to produce smaller fuel efficient automobiles at a time when consumers still wanted to purchase large sport utility vehicles, so consumers turned to foreign made automobiles. 5) 1, 2 and 3 are ALL reasons for the collapse of the automobile industry. Over the past few decades, what no so very bright strategies were utilized by financial institutions that contributed negatively to the mortgage crisis and banking crisis that we experienced during 2006-2010? 1) Savings \& Loans and other financial institutions invested in fairly unstructured types of financial investments-including the Mortgage Backed Securities created by Freddie and Fannie. 2) Commercial banks worked diligently to control their use of debt and were very careful about who they loaned money to. 3) Many smaller banks over-extended their debt loads (borrowing) and had multiple loans with larger banks, so the failure of the smaller bank caused some of the larger banks to fail, too. 4) Because financial institutions lobbied for deregulation; in that, they did not want the government to oversee their choices; thus, they became fully exposed to the risks of bubbles and crashes in adjoining markets-such as the auto industry collapse and the housing market collapse. 5) 1, 3 and 4 are correct.
The correct option is 5) 1, 2 and 3 are ALL reasons for the collapse of the automobile industry.The following identifies the reasons for the collapse of the American automobile industry in 2008:
1. The volume of cars sold in the U.S. was significantly tied to home equity lines of credit, with 24% of auto sales financed this way in 2006− when people could no longer pay their mortgage they could no longer finance new automobiles.
2. American employees' salaries helped drive the industry toward its collapse; in that, total compensation for General Motors employees was approximately $73 per hour while for Toyota's employees the salary was about $48 /hour.3. In 2006, Consumer Reports cited their top 10 best automobiles and not one of the top 10 was an American made automobile; thus, consumers had turned to foreign made cars because they were rated better than American made cars.
4. During the 1990s, General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford had all begun to produce smaller fuel-efficient automobiles at a time when consumers still wanted to purchase large sport utility vehicles, so consumers turned to foreign-made automobiles.Therefore, the correct option is 5) 1, 2 and 3 are ALL reasons for the collapse of the automobile industry.
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Which aspect of quality is demonstrated by a vehicle that has a useful life of 165,000 miles?Performance
Reliability
Features
Durability
When it comes to vehicles, one of the most critical aspects of quality is durability, and a vehicle with a useful life of 165,000 miles demonstrates that it is durable. Durability is one of the critical aspects of quality for cars, as it shows that the car can last for a long time, and therefore has a long useful life.
The average useful life of a vehicle is around 11.5 years, or 165,000 miles, which means that a car that can last for this long is considered durable. Durability is not just a function of the quality of the vehicle itself, but also of the quality of the maintenance and upkeep that the vehicle receives.
If a vehicle is well-maintained and cared for, it will last longer and be more durable than a vehicle that is not well-maintained. Therefore, it is important to take good care of your car, and to ensure that it receives regular maintenance and repairs as needed, in order to ensure that it lasts for as long as possible.
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Assume that the demand curve D(p) given below is the market demand for widgets:
Q=D(p)=1536−13pQ=D(p)=1536-13p, p > 0
Let the market supply of widgets be given by:
Q=S(p)=−5+10pQ=S(p)=-5+10p, p > 0
where p is the price and Q is the quantity. The functions D(p) and S(p) give the number of widgets demanded and supplied at a given price.
What is the equilibrium price?
What is the equilibrium quantity?
What is the consumer surplus at equilibrium?
What is the producer surplus at equilibrium?
What is the unmet demand at equilibrium?
The equilibrium price is 88 and the equilibrium quantity is 704. The consumer surplus is 4,096 and the producer surplus is 4,480. The unmet demand at equilibrium is zero.
To find the equilibrium price, we need to set the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied:
1536 - 13p = -5 + 10p
Solving for p, we get:
p = 88
Substituting p = 88 into either equation, we can find the equilibrium quantity:
Q = 1536 - 13(88)Q = 704
To find the consumer surplus, we need to find the area below the demand curve and above the equilibrium price.
This gives us a triangle with base of 704 and height of (1536-88) = 1448.
So, the consumer surplus is:
(1/2) * 704 * 1448 = 4,096
To find the producer surplus, we need to find the area below the equilibrium price and above the supply curve.
This gives us a trapezoid with bases of 704 and 84 and a height of 88.
So, the producer surplus is:
(1/2) * (84+88) * 704 = 4,480
Finally, at equilibrium, there is no unmet demand, since the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. So, the unmet demand at equilibrium is zero.
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What would be the Dependent,
Independent, Moderating, and
Intervening variables for question: "What is the
impact of age on the productivity of a leader?"
In the question, an intervening variable may be the leader's experience in their field, which could have an impact on their productivity and affect the relationship between age and productivity.
There are different types of variables in a study, including dependent, independent, moderating, and intervening variables.
"Dependent variable:
The dependent variable is the variable whose value is determined by the independent variable. In the question, the dependent variable is the productivity of a leader, which is affected by the leader's age. Independent variable:
The independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated or controlled by the experimenter. In the question, the independent variable is the leader's age, which is being examined to determine its impact on productivity.
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In economic terms, how would Hilo state what has happened when his coworker says she will help him fix his car because Hilo is willing to teach her son to play the drums? The arrangement acts as a money multiplier. Money is backed by commodities. There are two equal units of account. The double coincidence of wants is satisfied.
In economic terms, Hilo would state that his coworker's willingness to help him fix his car in exchange for teaching her son how to play drums is a form of barter trade. It is a mutually beneficial arrangement that satisfies the double coincidence of wants; this is because both parties have something the other party wants.
Therefore, they have no need to exchange currency in order to fulfill their respective wants. Hilo would also point out that the arrangement acts as a money multiplier in the sense that it increases the purchasing power of both parties. For instance, if Hilo were to take his car to a mechanic, he would have to pay cash to get it fixed.
However, since his coworker has agreed to help him, he can save that money. Similarly, if his coworker were to pay a professional drum instructor to teach her son how to play drums, she would have to spend cash.
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Which of the following must be included in the articles of incorporation?
A.the dissolution terms of corporation
B.the minutes of the first organizational meeting of the board of directors
C.the number of shares the corporation is authorized to issue
D.the corporate seal
Restraints that are not characterized as per se violations are not further examined using the rule of reason.
A.True
B.False
The accountant-client privilege is a law that entails that ________.
A.only an accountant can serve as a witness for the client in a court action
B.an accountant does not enjoy work product immunity when a client is accused of gross negligence
C.an accountant cannot be called as a witness against a client in a court action
D.only an accountant's paperwork be taken as prima facie evidence against a client in a court action
The number of shares the corporation is authorized to issue must be included in the articles of incorporation.
Articles of incorporation are the official records that a corporation creates and files with the state government. The document contains a variety of essential data, including the business's name, the names and addresses of its founders, and how many shares the corporation is authorized to issue. The articles of incorporation are the starting point for a corporation. Before it can do business, it must create and file articles of incorporation with the state government. These articles specify the business's name, where it is located, the number of shares that can be issued, and other essential information.
Restraints that are not characterized as per se violations are not further examined using the rule of reason. This statement is false. The rule of reason test is used to evaluate whether a restraint of trade, although not per se anticompetitive, has a negative impact on competition. The rule of reason analysis is applied to non-per-se restraints to assess the overall impact of a restraint on competition.
The accountant-client privilege is a law that entails that an accountant cannot be called as a witness against a client in a court action. This statement is false. Accountant-client privilege is a law that protects confidential communications between a client and their accountant. It does not guarantee that an accountant cannot be called as a witness against a client in a court action.
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Logistics Solutions provides order fullilment services for dot.com merchants. The company maintains warehouses that stock items canled by its dot com clients. When a cllent recelves an order from a customet, the order is forwarded to Logistics Solutions, which puils the rem from storoge, packs it, and ships it to the customet. The company uses a predetermined varlable overhead rate based on direct labothours: In the most recent month, 160,000 items were shipped to customers using 6.500 direct labor-hours. The company incufred a total of $20.800 in variable overhead costs. According to the company's standards, 0.03 direct labor-hours are required to fulfil an order for one item and the variable overhead rate is $325 per direct inbor hour. Required: 1. What is the standard laborhours allowed (SH) to ship 160,000 liems to customers? 2. What is the standard variable overhead cost allowed (SH × SF) to ship 160,000 items to customers? 3. Whot is the variable overhead spending variance? 4. What is the variable overbead rate variance and the variable overhead efficiency variance? (For requirements 3 and 4 , indicate the effect of each variance by selecting " F " for favorable, " U " for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e, xero varlance), Input all amounts as positive values. Do not round intermediate calculations.)
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance = (6,500 DLH × $3 per DLH) − (4,800 SH × $3 per DLH) = $8,100 F
Standard labor hours allowed (SH) to ship 160,000 items to customers are given as follows:-
Direct Labor-Hours per Unit × Number of Units SH = DLH/U × NU
Substituting the given values, we get:-SH = 0.03 DLH/U × 160,000 USH = 4,800 labor-hours
Standard variable overhead cost allowed (SH × SF) to ship 160,000 items to customers are given as follows:-
SH × SVO
Rate = SH × VOHR
Substituting the given values, we get:-SH × SVO
Rate = 4,800 × $325 = $1,560,0003.
The variable overhead spending variance is given as follows:-
Actual VOH − (AH × SR) = Spending Variance
Substituting the given values, we get:-$20,800 − (6,500 DLH × $3 per DLH) = $1,300 U4. Variable Overhead Rate Variance and Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance is given as follows:-
Actual VOH
Rate − Standard VOH
Rate = Rate Variance(AH × SR) − (SH × SR) = Efficiency Variance
Substituting the given values, we get:-
Variable Overhead Rate Variance = $20,800 / 6,500 DLH − $3 per DLH = $0.80 F
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance = (6,500 DLH × $3 per DLH) − (4,800 SH × $3 per DLH) = $8,100 F
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Madrid Company plans to issue 8% bonds with a par value of $4,000,000. The company sells $3,600,000 of the bonds at par on January 1. The remaining $400,000 sells at par on July 1 . The bonds pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. 1. Record the entry for the first interest payment on June 30 . 2. Record the entry for the July 1 cash sale of bonds. Complete this question by entering your answers In the tabs below. Record the entry for the first interest payment on June 30. Record the entry for semiannual interest paid. Note: Enter debits before credits. Record the sale of bonds for cash on July 1. Note: Enter debits before credits.
1. Debit: Interest Expense ($144,000), Credit: Cash ($144,000).
2. Debit: Cash ($400,000), Credit: Bonds Payable ($400,000).
1. To record the first interest payment on June 30, we need to recognize the interest expense and record the cash payment. Assuming the bond was issued on January 1 and the interest payment is due on June 30, the entry would be as follows:
Debit: Interest Expense ([$3,600,000 * 8%] / 2) = $144,000
Credit: Cash (interest payment) = $144,000
This entry recognizes the interest expense incurred for the first six months of the bond's life and records the corresponding cash payment.
2. To record the sale of bonds for cash on July 1, we need to recognize the cash inflow from the sale and record the liability related to the remaining bonds. The entry would be as follows:
Debit: Cash (proceeds from bond sale) = $400,000
Credit: Bonds Payable (par value of remaining bonds sold) = $400,000
This entry acknowledges the cash received from the bond sale and establishes the liability for the remaining bonds sold on July 1.
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Susan, a systems engineer at Mark and Stefunn, is highly satisfied with her job because of the recognition she gets from her manager. The presence of constant opportunities for career growth and job responsibilities also adds to her satisfaction. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a reason for Susan's job satisfaction?
a.
The presence of motivation factors
b.
The absence of manifest needs
c.
Insufficient hygiene factors
d.
Sufficient existence needs
The reason for Susan's job satisfaction according to Herzberg's theory is the presence of motivation factors. Herzberg's theory classifies workplace factors into two: hygiene factors and motivational factors.
Motivation factors refer to job conditions that could lead to job satisfaction because they serve to fulfil the individual's self-actualization needs or growth needs. Recognition, achievement, growth, responsibility, and other job-related opportunities are examples of motivation factors.What are hygiene factors?Hygiene factors refer to working conditions that can lead to job dissatisfaction if absent or inadequate. Salary, job security, organizational policies and regulations, and interpersonal relationships are examples of hygiene factors. In conclusion, Susan's job satisfaction is due to the presence of motivation factors.
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Xavier granted a 35 year lease on retail unit on 31 "th August 2020 , charging a premiurn of £65,000 and an annual rent of £15.000 payable quarterly in advance. In addition he receives trust income each year of £12,300 from an interest in possession trust set up by his grandparents. What is his total taxable income for the 2020/21 year before personal allowances? E30,167 E22.667 ∈24,167 E38,925
The taxable income for the year 2020/21 before allowances of Xavier, who granted a 35 year lease on retail unit on 31st August 2020 charging a premium of £65,000 and an annual rent of £15.
000 payable quarterly in advance, and receives trust income each year of £12,300 from an interest in possession trust set up by his grandparents is E38,925.How to calculate the taxable income of Xavier for the year 2020/21 before personal allowances?
Given, The annual rent charged by Xavier = £15,000
The premium charged by Xavier = £65,000
The trust income received by Xavier = £12,300
We know that the annual taxable income from rent is calculated as follows: Annual taxable income from rent = Annual rent received - 25% of the annual rent ,Annual taxable income from rent
= £15,000 - (25% × £15,000) = £11,250
The taxable rental income of Xavier is £11,250 for the year 2020/21.Gross taxable income is the total taxable income earned in the tax year.
Gross taxable income = taxable rental income + trust income + premium charged
by Xavie rGross taxable income = £11,250 + £12,300 + £65,000= £88,550
The taxable income of Xavier for the year 2020/21 before personal allowances is E38,925.
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the hypothesis that market prices reflect all publicly-available information is called efficiency in the: question 49 options: open form. strong form. semi-strong form. weak form. stable form.
Out of these options, the correct answer is:
3. Semi-strong form.
The hypothesis that market prices reflect all publicly-available information is called market efficiency. Market efficiency is classified into different forms based on the type of information that is incorporated into prices.
The semi-strong form of market efficiency states that market prices reflect all publicly available information, including not only historical price data but also information such as company announcements, news, and financial statements. In other words, all publicly-available information is quickly and accurately reflected in the stock prices.
To illustrate this, let's say that a company announces better-than-expected earnings. According to the semi-strong form of market efficiency, this information will be quickly incorporated into the stock price, causing it to rise. Similarly, if negative news about a company is released, the stock price would be expected to fall as this information is also quickly factored into the price.
It is important to note that the semi-strong form of market efficiency does not imply that stock prices are always correct or that they accurately reflect the intrinsic value of a company. Instead, it suggests that all available information is rapidly and efficiently incorporated into prices, making it difficult to consistently outperform the market by trading on public information alone.
In summary, the hypothesis that market prices reflect all publicly-available information is called market efficiency, specifically in the semi-strong form. This form asserts that stock prices promptly and accurately reflect all publicly available information, including company announcements and financial reports.
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Suppose that we want to have a yearly income of $50,000 in retirement. We expect to live 25 years in retirement and our inflation-adjusted rate of return on our safe investment is 3%. How much money do we need to have saved in order to have this consistent income? What are some issues that we could have that would cause our estimates to deviate in a way that is harmful for us?
Suppose that we want to have a yearly income of $50,000 in retirement. We expect to live 25 years in retirement and our inflation-adjusted rate of return on our safe investment is 3%. The amount of money we require to have saved in order to have this consistent income is $ 1,030,272.70.
Here, the present value (PV) of the annuity can be found using the PV of annuity formula, which is as follows:
PV = C × [(1 - (1 + r)-n)/r]
Where,
C is the periodic payment or cash inflow,$50,000
n is the number of payments or cash inflows,25 (since we want to live for 25 years in retirement)
r is the inflation-adjusted rate of return on our safe investment or discount rate. In this case, the rate is 3%.
Therefore,
PV = $50,000 × [(1 - (1 + 3%)-25)/3%]
= $50,000 × [(1 - (1.03)-25)/0.03]
= $50,000 × [(1 - 0.41646)/0.03]
= $1,030,272.70
Some of the issues that can cause our estimates to deviate in a way that is harmful for us are:
Inflation risk: If inflation is higher than the estimated 3%, then our purchasing power will decrease over time. As a result, we may not have enough income to meet our retirement expenses, resulting in a reduced standard of living. We could also lose our savings to inflation.
Interest rate risk: The interest rate may change over time, affecting the amount of money we can earn on our savings. If interest rates fall, our savings will earn less money, resulting in lower retirement income, and if interest rates rise, we may have to reinvest our money at a lower rate, resulting in lower retirement income. As a result, interest rate risk may cause our retirement income to fluctuate.
Market risk: Market risk may cause our retirement savings to fluctuate in value. This may be due to stock market downturns or recessions. As a result, we may lose money on our investments or be forced to withdraw funds at a lower price, resulting in a lower retirement income.
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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] On August 1 of year 0 , Dirksen purchased a machine for $26,250 to use in its business. On December 4 of year 0 , Dirksen sold the machine for $22.250. Use MACRS Table. (Loss amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round percentages used for calculations. Round other intermediate computations to the nearest whole dollar amount. Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.) a. What are the amount and character of the gain or loss Dirksen will recognize on the sale? Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] On August 1 of year 0 . Dirksen purchased a machine for $26,250 to use in its business. On December 4 of year 0 , Dirksen sold the machine for $22,250. Use MACRS Table. (Loss amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round percentages used for calculations. Round other intermediate computations to the nearest whole dollar amount. Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if opplicable.) o. Dirksen depreciated the machinery using MACRS (seven-year recovery period). What are the amount and character of the gain or oss Dirksen will recognize on the sale if the machine is sold on January 15 of year 1 instead? Table 1 MACRS Half-Year Convention \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \multicolumn{7}{|c|}{ Depreciation Rate for Recovery Period } \\ \hline & 3-Year & 5-Year & 7-Year & 10-Year & 15-Year & 20-Year \\ \hline Year 1 & 33.33% & 20.00% & 14.29% & 10.00% & 5.00% & 3.750% \\ \hline Year 2 & 44.45 & 32.00 & 24.49 & 18.00 & 9.50 & 7.219 \\ \hline Year 3 & 14.81 & 19.20 & 17.49 & 14.40 & 8.55 & 6.677 \\ \hline Year 4 & 7.41 & 11.52 & 12.49 & 11.52 & 7.70 & 6.177 \\ \hline Year 5 & & 11.52 & 8.93 & 9.22 & 6.93 & 5.713 \\ \hline Year 6 & & 5.76 & 8.92 & 7.37 & 6.23 & 5.285 \\ \hline Year 7 & & & 8.93 & 6.55 & 5.90 & 4.888 \\ \hline Year 8 & & & 4.46 & 6.55 & 5.90 & 4.522 \\ \hline Year 9 & & & & 6.56 & 5.91 & 4.462 \\ \hline Year 10 & & & & 6.55 & 5.90 & 4.461 \\ \hline Year 11 & & & & 3.28 & 5.91 & 4.462 \\ \hline Year 12 & & & & & 5.90 & 4.461 \\ \hline Year 13 & & & & & 5.91 & 4.462 \\ \hline Year 14 & & & & & 5.90 & 4.461 \\ \hline Year 15 & & & & & 5.91 & 4.462 \\ \hline Year 16 & & & & & 2.95 & 4.461 \\ \hline Year 17 & & & & & & 4.462 \\ \hline Year 18 & & & & & 4.461 \\ \hline Year 19 & & & & & & 4.462 \\ \hline Year 20 & & & & & & 461 \\ \hline Year 21 & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
Dirksen will recognize a loss of $4,000 on the sale of the machine.
Dirksen purchased a machine for $26,250 on August 1 of year 0 and sold it for $22,250 on December 4 of year 0. The depreciation of the machinery was calculated using the MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System) with a seven-year recovery period. To determine the gain or loss recognized on the sale, we need to calculate the adjusted basis of the machine, which is the original cost minus accumulated depreciation. Since the machine was sold in year 0, the depreciation would have been calculated up until that point. The MACRS depreciation rates for a seven-year recovery period are 14.29%, 24.49%, 17.49%, 12.49%, 8.93%, 8.92%, and 8.93% for years 1 to 7 respectively. By applying these rates, we can calculate the accumulated depreciation for each year. Subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the original cost gives us the adjusted basis. Finally, subtracting the sale price from the adjusted basis will provide us with the gain or loss recognized on the sale.
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The purpose of diversity training is to help employees __________ their biases.
a. ignore
b. hide
c. become aware of
d. eliminate
e. expand
The purpose of diversity training is to help employees become aware of their biases.
Option c) "become aware of" is the correct answer. Diversity training aims to educate employees about various aspects of diversity, including race, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, and more.
By providing education and awareness, diversity training helps individuals recognize and understand their own biases, stereotypes, and prejudices that they may hold unconsciously. It encourages employees to examine their beliefs and attitudes and fosters an inclusive and respectful work environment.
Options a) "ignore" and b) "hide" are not accurate because diversity training aims to address biases rather than ignore or hide them. Option d) "eliminate" is partially correct, as the goal is to minimize and mitigate biases, but complete elimination may not be entirely feasible. Option e) "expand" is not applicable as it does not capture the purpose of diversity training related to biases.
Therefore, the most appropriate answer is c) become aware of.
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The I/Y key on a financial calculator stores the information for the interest rate or the discount rate per period.
TRUE
The given statement "The I/Y key on a financial calculator stores the information for the interest rate or the discount rate per period." is TRUE. Let's discuss it in detail.
The I/Y key on a financial calculator stores the information for the interest rate or the discount rate per period. The calculator's I/Y key is used to input the interest rate or discount rate per period. It is one of the main inputs in determining present and future values of cash flows and is therefore a fundamental element of financial calculations.
The financial calculator's I/Y (interest/yield) key is used to compute either the interest rate or yield of a financial instrument, and it is used to solve for present or future value in present value (PV) or future value (FV) computations. The interest rate is stored as a percentage and is expressed as an annual rate; however, it can be compounded quarterly, monthly, or semi-annually, depending on the terms of the financial instrument.
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Mr. T has not paid income tax or filed a tax return for the last eight years. He believes that the IRS can no longer assess any back taxes for the first five of those years.
The following answer was found in chegg. Now please answer with different:
Mr. T has not paid income tax or filed tax returns for the past eight years, but believes the IRS can't assess back taxes for the first five years.
Mr. T's belief that the IRS cannot assess back taxes for the first five years is incorrect. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has the authority to assess and collect taxes owed for up to ten years from the date of filing. The statute of limitations for tax assessment is generally three years, but it can be extended to six years.
if a substantial omission of income is involved. However, if Mr. T hasn't filed tax returns for the last eight years, the statute of limitations may not have started, as the IRS can assess taxes at any time for unfiled returns. It is essential for Mr. T to consult a tax professional to address his tax situation promptly.
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Mr. T has not paid income tax or filed tax returns for the past eight years, but believes the IRS can't assess back taxes for the first five years.
Mr. T's belief that the IRS cannot assess back taxes for the first five years is incorrect. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has the authority to assess and collect income taxes owed for up to ten years from the date of filing. The statute of limitations for tax assessment is generally three years, but it can be extended to six years.
if a substantial omission of income is involved. However, if Mr. T hasn't filed tax returns for the last eight years, the statute of limitations may not have started, as the IRS can assess taxes at any time for unfiled returns. It is essential for Mr. T to consult a tax professional to address his tax situation promptly.
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Margin of Safety Jake's Sub Shop sells large subsandwiches for $7.75. Unit variable expenses total $2.85. The break-even sales in units is 5.700 and budgeted sales in units is 9.500. Round answers to the nearest dollar, if applicable. What is the margin of safety in dollars? What are Jakes fixed costs?
Margin of safety is the sales revenue required to cover variable and fixed costs before a profit is earned.
It can also be defined as the difference between actual sales and break-even sales in percentage or dollar terms.
What is the margin of safety in dollars?
Formula for margin of safety in dollars = Total sales - Break-even sales
Margin of safety = (9,500 - 5,700) x $7.75 = $29,050
The margin of safety for Jake’s sub shop is $29,050.
What are Jake’s fixed costs?
Fixed costs can be calculated by using the formula,
Fixed costs = Total costs - Total variable costs
Fixed costs = (5,700 x $2.85) - (5,700 x $7.75)
Fixed costs = $-16,305
The calculation gives a negative result which is not possible,
this means that Jake’s fixed costs are covered within the contribution margin earned by the business.
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what could happen to a person who fails to diversify his investments?
Failing to diversify investments can expose a person to several potential risks and negative consequences.
Here are some potential outcomes that could occur when an individual fails to diversify their investments:
Concentrated Risk: By investing in a single asset or a limited number of assets, an individual becomes overly exposed to the performance and volatility of those specific investments. If any of those investments perform poorly or experience significant declines, the person's entire portfolio could suffer significant losses.
Lack of Risk Mitigation: Diversification is a risk management strategy that aims to spread investments across different asset classes, industries, or geographic regions. By diversifying, one can potentially mitigate the impact of negative events affecting a particular investment. Without diversification, a person is more susceptible to the adverse effects of market fluctuations, economic downturns, or sector-specific issues.
Lost Opportunities: Focusing solely on a few investments may result in missed opportunities for potential gains. Diversification allows investors to participate in various market sectors and asset classes, potentially benefiting from the growth and success of different industries or regions.
Lack of Liquidity: If a person fails to diversify and invests a significant portion of their wealth in illiquid assets or a single asset class, they may encounter difficulties accessing funds when needed. Illiquid investments can be challenging to sell quickly, potentially leaving an individual in a cash-strapped situation during emergencies or unforeseen circumstances.
Limited Exposure to New Ideas: Diversification enables exposure to a wider range of investment opportunities and ideas. By investing in different sectors or asset classes, individuals can explore emerging trends, innovative technologies, or promising industries, which can contribute to long-term growth. Failing to diversify restricts exposure to these new ideas and potential sources of future returns.
Increased Vulnerability to External Factors: If a person's investments are heavily concentrated in a specific industry or geographic region, they become more vulnerable to external factors that impact that industry or region. Factors like regulatory changes, economic conditions, or geopolitical events could have a disproportionately negative effect on their portfolio.
It's important to note that diversification does not guarantee profits or protect against all possible losses, but it is generally considered a prudent risk management strategy that can help mitigate the impact of unforeseen events and reduce overall investment risk.
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Chapter 12: Applying Excel Data Example E *Use the formulas from Appendix 13B: Present value of $1=1/(1+r) n
n Present value of an annuity of $1=(1/r) ∗
(1−(1/(1+r) ∧
n)) where n is the number of years and r is the discount rate
The formulas from Appendix 13B of Chapter 12 give a means to compute the present value of a future cash flow or an annuity in financial calculations. The following are the formulas:
1. The present value of $1 is equal to 1 / (1 + r). The present value of a single future cash flow is determined using this formula. It accounts for both the number of periods (n) before the cash flow is received as well as the discount rate (r). We can calculate the present value of the future value by discounting it. 2. The present value of a $1 annuity is calculated as follows: PV = (1 / r) * (1 - (1 / (1 + r)n)) This formula determines the present value of an annuity, which is a series of equal cash flows that will be received on a monthly basis. It the discount rate (r) and the duration (n) of the cash flows are taken into account. The temporal value of money is considered, and each cash flow is discounted to its present value. Both formulas are crucial tools for doing financial analysis, valuing investments, and determining the value of upcoming cash flows. The present value of future cash flows can be calculated using these methods, allowing one to make decisions based on their current value.
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