The correct option is e, that is prevent channel closing. A na channel's ligand binding site mutation will probably prevent the channel from closing.
What occurs when a ligand attaches to a Na channel that is ligand-gated?Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
When a ligand binds to the receptor's of exofacial surface, a conformational change occurs that causes a pore to open, allowing certain ions to pass through the channel and across the plasma membrane.
The function of ligand-gated Na channels :Neurotransmitters are bound via ligand-gated ion channels, which then open in accordance to ligand binding. Synaptic transmission among two neurons either between a neuron and a muscle is regulated by these channels.
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carbon dioxide can affect the measuring of oxygen used in this type of respirometer.
state the chemical that co placed in the respirometer that would stop carbon dioxide affecting the experiment.
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
The chemical that can be placed in the respirometer to stop carbon dioxide from affecting the experiment is called soda lime. Soda lime is a type of absorbent that is able to absorb carbon dioxide and other gases. When placed in the respirometer, it will absorb any carbon dioxide produced, so that the results of the experiment are not affected.
Phases of photosynthesis
HELP pls
In the stages of photosynthesis, light energy transfers to chlorophyll which passes through the thylakoid membrane. Lost energy is used to form ATP and also stored as NADPH. Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide to form sugars that are stored as energy in the glucose.
I'm sorry, I'm not sure what the first box could be.
During photosynthesis, the light energy that transfers to chlorophyll is in the form of photons. Photons are the basic unit of light, and they are absorbed by the pigments, such as chlorophyll, present in the chloroplasts of plants. So, photons or photon light energy?
You continue your genetic analysis by crossing the forked and pale mutant lines with each other. The leaves of the F1 are light green (intermediate between pale and wild-type leaves) and forked. The F2 has six phenotypic classes: You designate the forked mutant allele as F (wild type
The F1 variety has forked, light green leaves that fall in between pale & wild-type leaves in color. The six phenotypic classifications for the F2 are depicted here. Pleiotropy is the term used to explain the genetic influence of one gene on numerous phenotypic features.
Each individual inherits one dominant allele one and recessive allele (Yy) when the gametes assemble in the gametocytes of the Progenies, and as a result, every member of the F1 generation displays this same dominant phenotypic (e.g. yellow peas). The F1 generation was discovered to have a consistent phenotype. Pleiotropy is the term used to explain the genetic influence of one gene on numerous phenotypic features. Four separate phenotypes are produced by the codominance of three alleles. The ratio of the dominant epistasis genes is 9:3:4. Two genes that are depending on one another cooperate in this genetic arrangement. As a result, three phenotypes are generated. The F1 generation's progeny have a C) 3:1 phenotypic ratio for seed color (yellow:green). The typical Mendelian ratio is this phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1.
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a tissue is viewed using a microscope. the presence of tightly packed cells wita person spends too much time in the sauna and starts to become dizzy. what is the first step in negative feedback that will occur to promote homeostasis?
Thermoreceptors communicate with the hypothalamus by detecting changes in temperature.
What do the terms tissue and tissue mean?The cardiac tissue in your heart is an example of tissue, which is a component of a living thing's body formed of similar cells. A tissue is another soft, delicate piece of paper that is used for wiping tears and noses.
What use does tissue serve?Tissue is a collection of cells with a common structure and function that work as a single unit. The body's tissues give it form and aid in energy storage and heat retention. Connective tissue, parenchyma cells, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue are the four different types of tissues.
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do you put the male rabbit in the female cage to breed of do you put the male rabbit in the female's cage to breed?
creature biology Put the female rabbit into the male's cage if you intend to breed your rabbits. Always bring one female to the male if the rabbits is housed separately. Women are often very possessive.
In animal biology, what do you do?The study of an animal's physical and chemical make-up is known as animal biology. If you decide to pursue a field education, you will study the physiology, genetics, ecology, molecular biology, and evolution of animals.
The course in animal biology is what?You'll gain a solid understanding in animal biology from the course. Major scientific concepts will be covered in your courses, such as anatomy and physiology, behavior, genetics, ecology, et nutrition. The study for companion & livestock species is the course's main topic.
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k-strategists are group of answer choices controlled by density-dependent factors. large and short-lived. small and long-lived. large and long-lived. none of these are correct. large and long-lived and controlled by density-dependent factors.
k-strategists are large, long-lived, and controlled by density-dependent factors. K-Strategist species' populations fluctuate at or near carrying capacity (K) of habitat. Such species were identified by Robert MacArthur and American biologist Edward.
What organism is the K-Strategist?Organisms whose life histories are subject to K-selection are often called K-strategists or K-selected. Organisms with K-selective traits include not only large organisms such as elephants, humans and whales, but also small, long-lived organisms such as Arctic terns, parrots and eagles, lions, and whales.
What are characteristics of the k-strategistoccasional breeding: organism has a long gestation period and gives birth to one or two cubs at a time. Offspring need time to grow and grow under the constant care and supervision of their parents.
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Writing to Learn Imagine: that you are a student in the 1860s visiting Gregor Mendel in his garden. Write a letter to a friend describing Mendel's experiments with pea plants
A letter to a friend describing Mendel's experiments with pea plants may be based on how different generations have statistically uniform traits in regard to the parental generation.
What is the relative importance of Mendel's experiments?The relative importance of Mendel's experiments was based on the fact he observed traits or characters segregated in different generations of pea plants, which led him to develop a series of laws for inheritance.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the relative importance of Mendel's experiments is cemented by the observation of statistically uniform inheritance laws.
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In thermophilic bacteria that are able to survive extreme heat, would you expect to find a higher or lower amount of C-G pairs when compared to bacterial species that are not adapted to live in extreme heat
Thermophilic bacteria are those that live in high temperatures, generally between 45 and 80 degrees Celsius (113 and 176 degrees Fahrenheit), and are found in places like hot springs, peat bogs, and near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Methanopyrus kandleri, a form of "hyperthermophile," can withstand temperatures as high as 122°C.
What is thermophilic bacteria?Thermophilic bacteria (those that live and flourish at relatively high temperatures) that are generally found in hot springs and compost heaps exist naturally in cold soil habitats and can be triggered to breakdown substances when the temperature is raised to 60°C (140°F). Thermophilic bacteria are those that live in high temperatures, generally between 45 and 80 degrees Celsius (113 and 176 degrees Fahrenheit), and are found in places like hot springs, peat bogs, and near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Methanopyrus kandleri, a form of "hyperthermophile," can withstand temperatures as high as 122°C.
Here,
Thermophilic bacteria are found in habitats such as hot springs, peat bogs, and near deep-sea hydrothermal vents and flourish in temperatures ranging from 45 to 80 degrees Celsius (113 to 176 degrees Fahrenheit). Methanopyrus kandleri, a form of "hyperthermophile," may even withstand temperatures as high as 122°C.
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many red blood cell (rbc) processes, such as binding, transporting, and releasing oxygen, do not require energy. energy however, is required for cellular viability. how does the rbc obtain most of it's energy?
The red blood cell (RBC) obtains most of its energy through glycolysis. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, which generates a small amount of energy (ATP) and produces lactic acid.
RBCs do not have mitochondria, the organelles responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration, therefore, RBCs cannot generate energy through cellular respiration.
In RBCs, glycolysis is the primary source of energy and it is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm. The glucose that is used in glycolysis is obtained from the blood plasma. The RBCs are able to obtain energy through glycolysis because they have high levels of the enzyme hexokinase, which catalyzes the first step of the glycolytic pathway.
Since RBCs lack mitochondria and cannot use oxygen for cellular respiration, they are also unable to generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation. Lactic acid produced by glycolysis can be converted back to glucose in the liver and kidneys through the Cori cycle, which is a metabolic pathway that allows the RBCs to recycle the lactic acid and obtain energy.
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Which of the following describe cells made by mitosis?
Answer:
Explanation:
Cells made by mitosis are identical copies of the parent cell. They are produced through a process of cell division in which the genetic material is equally divided between the two daughter cells. The daughter cells are exact replicas of the parent cell, with the same genetic makeup, organelles, and other components. Mitosis is the process used for growth, repair, and reproduction in most multicellular organisms. It is essential for the normal development and function of the body.
a biologist is finished collecting data about the feeding habits of coyotes from wilderness areas and from human-populated areas. which parts of a scientific process should the biologist do next? question 1 options: they should communicate the results they should form a hypothesis they should analyze the data they should make conclusions
The next steps in the scientific process after collecting data are to analyze the data, make conclusions, and communicate the results through scientific reports and publications.
After collecting data, the next step in the scientific process is to analyze the data and make conclusions. This includes organizing and summarizing the data, identifying patterns and trends, and interpreting the results. The biologist will use statistical methods to determine the significance of any differences or relationships that have been observed. This will allow the biologist to draw valid conclusions about the feeding habits of coyotes in wilderness and human-populated areas.
After the analysis and conclusions, the biologist will communicate their findings by writing a scientific report or paper and presenting their findings at scientific conferences or publishing them in scientific journals. This will allow other scientists to review and critique the data and the conclusions, which is an essential step in scientific research.
It is important to note that forming a hypothesis should be done before collecting data, as it guides the research, and it is essential to have a clear idea of what to look for and what the expected results are.
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Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures of an animal cell.a. cytoskeletonb. ribosomesc. nucleusd. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)e. cytosolf. Golgi apparatusg. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)h. mitochondrioni. plasma membrane
The extensive network of chemicals & protein fibers which thus provides the body's cells form and structure
Describe protein.Muscle, skeleton, skin, hair, and practically every other organ system or tissue include protein. It contributes to the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen through the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical reactions. You are made up of at least 10,000 distinct proteins, which also keep things that way.
What are the advantages of consuming protein?A vital component of the procedures that provide you energy and allow your blood to transport oxygen all over your body is protein. Additionally, it aids in the production of antibodies that ward off diseases and infections and promotes the proliferation of new cells.
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which is the most likely reason for an individual to be born with 45 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes?
During the process of meiosis, one of the homologous chromosomal pairs does not join.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in total, including 23 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Children receive half of their chromosomes from their mothers and half from their dads since each parent gives one chromosome to each pair.
Because of the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, a single chromosome now contains genetic material from both parents.
In contrast to the sex chromosomes, an autosome is one of the numbered chromosomes. Humans contain 22 autosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Autosomes are loosely numbered in accordance to their size.
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which of the following is true regarding the genetic information in the cells of your body?
A) Different kinds of body cells contain different genetic information. B) Each type of body cell contains only the genetic information it needs to be that type of cell. C) The genetic information in almost all of your body cells is identical. D) The genetic information in your body cells changes in a predictable manner as you grow and develop.
About genetic information, in your body's cells, almost all cells in your body have the same genetic information this is true. Here option C is the correct answer.
All the cells in your body contain the same DNA, which carries the genetic information that controls the structure and function of all cells. This DNA is packaged into chromosomes, which are present in the nucleus of cells.
In somatic cells, all of the chromosomes are identical and contain the same genetic information. The genetic information in the cells of your body does not change in a predictable manner as you grow and develop, it only changes in case of mutations or due to environmental factors.
Different kinds of body cells contain different genetic information is not true, since they all contain the same DNA. Each type of body cell contains only the genetic information it needs that type of cell is not true, as all cells contain the same DNA, but only certain genes are activated and used in certain cells, giving them their unique characteristics.
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An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by
a. cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.
b. adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
c. removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
d. removing water, causing a dehydration reaction to occur.
By adding hydrogens, which reduces the amount of double bonds in the molecules, an oil can be transformed into a product that is solid at room temperature. (B option)
How does dehydration get better?Most individuals who are mildly to moderately dehydrated due to vomiting, diarrhea, or fever can get better by drinking more water or other liquids. Soft drinks and fruit juice at full strength may make diarrhea worse. Cool water is your greatest option if you work or exercise outside during hot, humid weather.
How can dehydration be reversed the quickest?If you have early signs of dehydration, you can rehydrate by ingesting electrolyte-rich fluids, such as sports drinks or oral rehydration treatments. Foods with a high water content are also available.
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Proof in science is always
A. Firmly established
B. Beyond question
C. An impossible goal
D. constantly changing with little contiunity between diciplines.
E. Open to question or new evidence
B. Beyond question
Answer:
E
Explanation:
Facts in science are always being changed, refined, and added upon.
Which of the following changes to the manufacture of automobiles was introduced by Henry Ford and revolutionized the industry?
Seat belts
Air bags
Moving assembly line
Automatic transmission
1. Describe the ways mining in the real world can affect society, ecosystems, and the environment of a specific region. Mining 2. Using your answers to the question above, list the criteria you believe should be addressed by land reclamation. Prioritize your criteria by order of importance. Explain the order you selected for your criteria. 3. Complete reclamation of mined
Answer:
Mining can have a significant impact on society, ecosystems, and the environment in a specific region. Some of the ways mining can affect these areas include:
Socioeconomic impact: Mining can bring jobs and economic growth to a region, but it can also displace local communities, disrupt traditional livelihoods, and lead to increased inequality.
Environmental impact: Mining can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, air and water pollution, and soil erosion. It can also impact the quality of life of the people living in the area.
Ecological impact: Mining can disrupt local ecosystems, causing changes in water flow and quality, loss of fish and wildlife habitat, and increased erosion.
Health impact: Mining can also affect the health of people living in the area, with increased exposure to pollutants and dust and increased risk of respiratory and other health problems.
Criteria for land reclamation should prioritize the following:
Ecological restoration: Reclaimed land should be designed to restore the local ecosystem as much as possible, including the restoration of native plant and animal species, and the restoration of water flow and water quality.
Socioeconomic benefits: Reclaimed land should be designed to provide socioeconomic benefits to the local community, including opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and economic growth.
Health and safety: Reclaimed land should be designed to protect the health and safety of the local community, including the protection of water resources, the reduction of air and water pollution, and the protection of human health.
Sustainability: Reclaimed land should be designed to be sustainable over the long term, including the protection of natural resources, the promotion of sustainable land use, and the protection of cultural and historical resources.
Explanation:
The order of importance of these criteria is based on the consideration that the restoration of the environment should be the primary goal, followed by the benefits for the local community, and the protection of their health and safety, and lastly sustainability.
Complete reclamation of mined land refers to the process of returning the land to its original condition or a condition that is as close as possible to the original condition. This includes the removal of mining infrastructure and the restoration of the natural environment, including the soil, vegetation, and water resources. The ultimate goal of complete reclamation is to return the land to a condition that supports a diverse ecosystem, and is safe for human use and habitation.
some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. these pollutants pose special risks to him other organisms high on the food chain because of which process?
A contaminant's tissue concentrations rise and toxic compounds as it moves through different trophic levels and up the food chain, a process known as biomagnification.
They accumulate in higher levels of the food chain after being absorbed by creatures at the bottom of the food chain. We call this process "bioaccumulation." The creatures at the top of the food chain perish and toxic compounds if the lethal dose is reached. When dangerous chemicals like DDT that remain in the environment are indirectly absorbed by living things through food, this process is known as biomagnification. When a higher-order organism consumes a lower-order organism that contains such compounds, the chemicals may accumulate in the higher-order organism.
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Gametes / Sperm / Egg
Answer:
Explanation:
Gametes are the reproductive cells that are produced through a process called meiosis, which is a specialized form of cell division. Gametes are haploid cells, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. This allows gametes to fuse with another gamete during fertilization, resulting in a diploid cell with two sets of chromosomes.
Sperm and eggs are two of the most common types of gametes. Sperm are produced by males and contain half the genetic material needed for reproduction. They are small, highly motile cells that have a tail that propels them through a fluid medium. Eggs, or ova, are produced by females and contain the other half of the genetic material needed for reproduction. They are typically much larger than sperm and lack a tail, but still contain numerous organelles that allow them to be motile.
Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, forming a zygote. This zygote contains the full set of genetic material from both the male and the female, and is the first stage in the development of an embryo.
aamc fl3 bbquestion a particular diploid organism is heterozygous in each of 3 unlinked genes. considering only these 3 genes, how many different types of gametes can this organism produce?
Several gametes the frequency of heterozygous loci, n, divided by two. Therefore, a diploid organism containing three heterozygous loci might yield 23 = 8 gametes.
Describe a gamete.A primary spermatocyte is a plant or an animal generative cell. Animals' male and female gametes are referred to as sperm and ova, respectively. Each ova and sperm cell carries one copies of each chromosome, making them haploid cells.
How many cellular gametes are there?The chromosome count in sperm or egg cells, often known as gametes, is also referred to as haploid. In mammals, gametes are single celled organisms with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells—and are hence haploid.
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What's the difference between stabilizing and disruptive selection?
Stabilizing selection and disruptive selection are two different types of natural selection that can lead to changes in the traits of a population over time.
Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when the environment favors individuals with intermediate traits, stabilizing selection while selecting against individuals with extreme traits. This can lead to a decrease in genetic variation within a population over time, as traits that deviate too far from the norm are less likely to be passed on disruptive selection to future generations. Disruptive selection, on the other hand, occurs when the environment favors individuals at both extremes of a trait, while selecting against those in the middle. stabilizing selection maintains the norm or average of a certain trait within a population, while disruptive selection creates two subpopulations with different traits and increases the genetic diversity of a population.
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Bacteria grow and reproduce during the _____ stage.A. biologicalB. InactiveC. spore-formingD. Active
Bacteria grow and reproduce during the Active stage.
In the active stage, bacteria grow and reproduce. Bacteria multiply stylishly in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places where food is available. When they reach their largest size, they divide. This division is called mitosis.
The log phase, short for the logarithmic or exponential growth phase, is when bacterial cells laboriously divide by double fission and exponentially increase in number after each generation time. During this phase, the bacterial population reaches its maximum rate of reduplication.
Bacteria have two distinct phases in their life cycle the active or vegetative stage and the inactive or spore-forming stage. During the active( vegetative) stage, bacteria grow and reproduce.
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If one follows 90 primary oocytes in an animal through their various stages of oogenesis, how many secondary oocytes would be formedHow many polar bodies?How many Ootids will be formed?
90 secondary oocytes would be formed.
90 primary oocytes would undergo meiosis to form 90 secondary oocytes. During meiosis, each primary oocyte would also form two polar bodies, resulting in a total of 180 polar bodies. Only one of the secondary oocytes will continue to mature and form an ovum or ootid, while the other will degenerate. Two polar bodies will be formed for each secondary oocyte, so 180 polar bodies will be formed.
An ootid is formed after the fertilization of a secondary oocyte. If fertilization does not occur, no ootids will be formed. So, 90 secondary oocytes would be formed.
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c) how many people in the u.s. have a type o blood type? submit your answer below in millions and rounded to two deci
Type O blood accounts for 46.6% of all persons in the United States, or 154247235.366 people.
What is blood?Blood is a kind of bodily fluid. Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are the four major components. Blood has several purposes, including carrying oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. To avoid excessive blood loss, blood clots are formed. Your blood is made up of both liquid and solid components. The liquid component, known as plasma, is composed of water, salts, and protein. Plasma makes up more than half of your blood. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all found in the solid section of your blood. RBCs transport oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs.
Here,
Type O blood makes up 46.6% of all people in the US, or 154247235.366 people.
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name the cordlike structures that connect muscles to bone.
Tendon is the cordlike structures that connect muscles to bone. As your muscles contract and relax, they allow your bones to move.
A tendon is a rope- suchlike thread of tough, flexible connective towel. Your muscles and bones are connected by tendons. Our branches can move thanks to tendon. They also help in precluding muscular damage by reducing the impact that running, jumping, and other conduct have on your muscles. There are a huge number of tendons in your body. Tendons can be set up all the way from your head to your toes. Your body's largest tendon, the Achilles, joins your shin muscle to your heel bone. Although they aren't elastic, tendons have a high gash resistance.
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an important clue to the structure of dna was provided by
An important clue to three dimensional structure of DNA was provided by Roslind Franklin through her X crystallography Diffraction patterns of DNA.
X-ray crystallography is conducted to study the Three dimensional structure of Crystals. The Double Helical Structure of DNA was proposed by Watson and Crick based on an X-ray crystallography pattern by Rosalind Franklin, X Ray crystallography specialist at King's College, London .
Rosalind Franklin's Photo 51 gives information about the structural hypothesis of DNA which served as model for Double Helical Structure of DNA. Watson, Crick and Roslind Franklin's colleague Maurice Willkins shared the Nobel Prize in 1962.DNA has a double helical structure with two antiparallel strands held together by Hydrogen bonding between Nitrogenous base pair. It is composed of Monomers called Nucleotide.
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Match the organelle with its description. Responses may be used multiple times or not at all. (Type in the letters representing your answers in the below box. No spaces or commas are needed in between answers.)
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi apparatus
c. nuclear envelope
____ involved in the sorting of lipids and proteins
____ composed of two membranes
____ composed of multiple cisternae
____ involved in the synthesis of lipids and proteins
____ connected to the endoplasmic reticulum
It includes the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, lysosomes, and vesicles, which we will discuss in a moment.
The nucleus, mitochondrial, endoplasmic, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, and vacuoles are among the organelles found in animal cells. Despite not being protected by a membrane, ribosomes are frequently referred to as mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. It includes the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, lysosomes, and vesicles, which we will discuss in a moment. The following key organelles and cellular components can be found in the cytoplasm: nucleolus, nucleus, ribosome, vesicle, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vacuole, cytosol, lysosome, centriole, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Since they are both eukaryotic, plant and animal cells share many structural similarities. ER, the endoplasmic reticulum The creation of proteins, the metabolism & transport of lipids, and the detoxification of toxins are all carried out by the extensive network of membranes known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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Which of the following terms defines how the individual organism allocates resources to growth, reproduction, and activities or structures related to survival
Energy budget describes how a particular organism allocates resources for the purpose of reproduction, growth and activities or structures related to survival.
Organisms exhibit growth during their respective life cycles. They growth and size of organisms is determined by the amount of energy that they take up and expend. Organisms obtain this energy from their environment through food and respiration.
Energy budget is very important and it basically specifies how a particular organism takes up energy from the environment and how it uses this energy for a number of different purposes which include reproduction, growth, metabolism, development and maintenance etc.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Which of the following terms defines how the individual organism allocates resources to growth, reproduction, and activities or structures related to survival? survivorship, life history, energy budget, demography"
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what is the phylum of plant that is identified by having no true leaves, dichotomous branching as well as lobed sporangia (usually yellow in color).
The phylum of plants known as Lycophyta, Monilophyta, is distinguished by the absence of real leaves, dichotomous branching, and lobed sporangia.
These whisk ferns, class Psilotopsida, lack either leaves and stems, which were likely lost during reduction, whereas the majority of ferns grow huge leaves and branching roots. Its green stems, that branch dichotomously, perform photosynthesis. The adult sporophyte of Psilotum typically reaches a height of 30 cm but may do so even higher. Its stem is green & photosynthetic instead of having genuine leaves, and it is coated in stomates to facilitate gas exchange.The phylum of plants known as Lycophyta, Monilophyta, is distinguished by the absence of real leaves, dichotomous branching, and lobed sporangia. Psilotum whisk ferns are rooted by creeping rhizomes instead of having actual roots. There are numerous branches and paired enations on the stems, which resemble tiny leaves but lack vascular tissue. Above these enations are synangia, which are created when three sporangia fuse and release the spores.
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