The amount of underapplied overhead cost for the year is $175,000 and the cost of goods manufactured for the year is $2,047,000.
Journal entries to record the transactions given above:DateParticularsDebitCredit
Raw Materials A/cDr$210,000
Accounts Payable$210,000(To record raw materials purchased on account)
Work in Progress A/cDr$190,000
Direct Materials$178,000
Indirect Materials$12,000(To record raw materials used in production)
Work in Progress A/cDr$90,000
Accrued Wages Payable$90,000(To record accrued direct labor cost)
Manufacturing Overhead A/cDr$110,000
Accrued Expenses Payable$110,000(To record indirect labor cost)
Manufacturing Overhead A/cDr$70,000
Accrued Expenses Payable$70,000(To record other manufacturing overhead costs accrued)
Manufacturing Overhead A/cDr$240,000
Accounts Payable$240,000(To record application of overhead costs to production)
Work in Progress A/cDr$520,000
Cost of Goods Manufactured$520,000(To record the completion of jobs according to their job cost sheets)
Finished Goods A/cDr$650,000
Work in Progress$650,000(To record the transfer of jobs to finished goods)
Accounts Receivable A/cDr$600,000
Sales Revenue$600,000(To record sales on account)
Cost of Goods Sold A/cDr$480,000
Finished Goods$480,000(To record the shipping of completed jobs to customers)
Finished Goods A/cDr$120,000
Cost of Goods Sold$120,000(To record the cost of goods sold)
T-accounts for Manufacturing Overhead and Work in Progress:
Ending balance in Work in Progress = $240,000 (i.e. beginning balance of $42,000 + total debits of $1,180,000 - total credits of $982,000)
Ending balance in Manufacturing Overhead = $10,000 debit (i.e. total debits of $310,000 - total credits of $300,000)
Computing the amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead cost for the year:
Actual overhead cost incurred = $310,000
Predetermined overhead rate = $25 per machine-hour
Machine hours used during the year = 19,400
Applied overhead cost = 19,400 machine-hours × $25 per machine-hour
= $485,000
Underapplied overhead cost = Actual overhead cost incurred – Applied overhead cost
= $310,000 – $485,000
= $175,000 (overapplied overhead cost if positive)
Preparing a schedule of cost of goods manufactured for the year:
Direct materials$1,025,000
Direct labor$735,000
Manufacturing overhead applied$485,000
Total manufacturing costs$2,245,000
Add: Beginning work in progress$42,000
Less: Ending work in progress($240,000)
Cost of goods manufactured$2,047,000
Therefore, The cost of manufactured items for the year is $2,047,000, and unapplied overhead costs are $175,000 for the year.
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Dr. Scott discussed the idea of distributed cognition. Which of the following is most consistent with this theoretical approach? Cognition in humans can be usefully studied by examining similar behaviors in other species. Cognition is complex and must be studied using the tools and methods from different disciplines. Cognition can be usefully studied beyond the individual skull and should include actions, artifacts, and context. Cognition is best studied by looking at how it is distributed across different brain regions
The statement that is most consistent with the theoretical approach of distributed cognition is: "Cognition can be usefully studied beyond the individual skull and should include actions, artifacts, and context.''
The idea that cognition can be usefully studied beyond the individual skull and should include actions, artifacts, and context is most consistent with the theoretical approach of distributed cognition.
Distributed cognition is an approach that emphasizes how cognitive processes extend beyond the individual mind and involve the interactions between individuals, their environment, and artifacts.
It recognizes that cognition is not solely confined to the brain but is distributed across people, objects, and the context in which they are situated.
Studying cognition in this framework involves examining how cognitive processes are influenced by and interact with the actions, artifacts, and context surrounding individuals.
It recognizes that cognition is not solely an internal mental process but is influenced by the external environment and the social and cultural aspects of a situation.
Therefore, the idea that cognition can be usefully studied beyond the individual skull and should include actions, artifacts, and context is most consistent with the theoretical approach of distributed cognition.
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At a retail store, inventory turnover for six packs of Puckerface IPA (a brand of beer) is 12. This means that if the store stopped placing replenishment orders...
a. They would run out of Puckerface in one month
b. They would run out of Puckerface in 12 days
c. Twelve customers would be really thirsty
d. The total of ordering and carrying costs would reach its theoretical max at 12 six packs approximately
The inventory turnover ratio measures how quickly a company sells its inventory and replenishes it. In this case, the inventory turnover for six packs of Puckerface IPA is given as 12. This means that if the store stopped placing replenishment orders, they would run out of Puckerface IPA in 12 days.
To understand why, let's break down the calculation. The inventory turnover ratio is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold (COGS) by the average inventory. In this case, we don't have the COGS or the average inventory, but we can still interpret the ratio.Since the inventory turnover is 12, it means that the store sells and replenishes its entire stock of Puckerface IPA 12 times a year.
So, if the store stopped placing replenishment orders, it would take approximately 30.42 days to sell out all the Puckerface IPA six packs. This is closest to option B: they would run out of Puckerface in 12 days. Option A, which suggests running out in one month, is not accurate based on the given information. Option C, referring to thirsty customers, and option D, mentioning ordering and carrying costs, are not directly related to the inventory turnover ratio. In summary, with an inventory turnover of 12 .
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you go long on one ucr sept 125 call (the contract is for100 shares) for a premium of $5. on the expiration date, ucr is trading for $128 per share. you realize a ________ on the option.
The profit realized on the option is $300. Here’s how: It’s a call option since you’ve gone long, meaning that you have the right to purchase the underlying asset at the specified price on or before the expiration date.
Now, to calculate the profit, we need to determine the breakeven point and compare it to the current stock price.
Breakeven point = Strike price + Premium Breakeven point = $125 + $5 = $130
Current stock price = $128
Since the current stock price is less than the breakeven price, the option would be out-of-the-money, and you would not exercise it. You would, however, realize a profit by selling the option. The profit is calculated by taking the difference between the premium paid and the proceeds of selling the option. Profit = Proceeds from selling the option - Premium paid Since the option is out-of-the-money, it would have no intrinsic value.
The price would solely be comprised of extrinsic value (time value and volatility). Hence, the most you could sell the option for would be the premium paid of $5.
Profit = $5 - $0 = $5 per share For the whole contract, the profit is:
$5 per share × 100 shares per contract = $500
Note that we cannot make a profit in the case of an out-of-the-money option since we would have paid a premium to acquire the option, and if we were to sell the option, we would only get back the premium. If the option were in-the-money, it would have intrinsic value, which means it could be sold for more than the premium paid.
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Our society is evolving into a diverse society where we each have an almost infinite number of choices. This change makes it more critical than ever to identify distinct market segments and to develop specialized messages and products for those groups.
You will then identify three different segments of different group ages. For example, if your dimension was education, you may select the segments high school graduates, associate degrees, and doctorates.
Explain the difference in products they would buy and the marketers' different approaches to reach each segment. The five product categories are:
food
transportation
entertainment
clothing
housing
In a diverse society with infinite choices, it is crucial for marketers to identify distinct market segments and develop specialized messages and products for each group.
Let's explore three different segments based on group ages and discuss the difference in products they would buy and the marketers' different approaches to reach each segment.
1. High school graduates:
- Food: High school graduates may prefer affordable and convenient food options, such as fast food or ready-to-eat meals. Marketers could target them through social media platforms or mobile apps that offer discounts or promotions.
- Transportation: High school graduates might rely on public transportation or affordable car options. Marketers could use targeted online ads or partnerships with ride-sharing services to reach this segment.
- Entertainment: High school graduates might be interested in video games, movies, and music. Marketers could advertise through social media influencers or gaming platforms to reach this segment.
- Clothing: High school graduates might be attracted to trendy and budget-friendly clothing options. Marketers could utilize social media platforms or collaborations with popular influencers to showcase their products.
- Housing: High school graduates might be looking for affordable rental options or shared living spaces. Marketers could target this segment through online platforms or partnerships with real estate agencies that cater to young adults.
2. Associate degree holders:
- Food: Associate degree holders may have more disposable income and could prefer healthier and organic food options. Marketers could promote their products through health-conscious influencers or organic food stores.
- Transportation: Associate degree holders might prioritize convenience and sustainability. Marketers could focus on electric cars or public transportation options and advertise through environmentally conscious platforms or events.
- Entertainment: Associate degree holders might have diverse interests and could be interested in cultural events, museums, or live performances. Marketers could reach this segment through partnerships with local venues or targeted ads on cultural websites.
- Clothing: Associate degree holders might prefer brands that align with their values or provide a unique style. Marketers could utilize targeted online ads or collaborations with sustainable fashion influencers.
- Housing: Associate degree holders might be ready to invest in their own homes or move to urban areas. Marketers could advertise through real estate websites or collaborations with interior design influencers.
3. Doctorates:
- Food: Doctorate degree holders might prioritize quality and unique dining experiences. Marketers could target this segment through high-end restaurants, culinary events, or collaborations with renowned chefs.
- Transportation: Doctorate degree holders might prefer luxury or environmentally friendly transportation options. Marketers could focus on luxury car brands or electric vehicles and advertise through exclusive events or targeted online platforms.
- Entertainment: Doctorate degree holders might be interested in intellectual pursuits, such as literature, art, or classical music. Marketers could reach this segment through collaborations with renowned artists, advertisements in cultural magazines, or partnerships with intellectual events.
- Clothing: Doctorate degree holders might prefer high-end or designer brands that reflect their status and individuality. Marketers could advertise through luxury fashion magazines, collaborations with high-end retailers, or partnerships with influential fashion bloggers.
- Housing: Doctorate degree holders might prefer upscale homes or gated communities. Marketers could advertise through luxury real estate agencies, high-end home decor magazines, or partnerships with renowned architects.
It's important to note that these are generalizations and individuals within each segment may have different preferences. Additionally, marketers should conduct further research and adjust their approaches based on the specific characteristics and needs of each segment.
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Which of the following methods for determining inventory cost is not allowed by GAAP? a. Averagecost.
b. FIFO.
c. LIFO.
d. Standard cost.
d. Standard cost.
The method for determining inventory cost that is not allowed by GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) is d. Standard cost.
Let us understand what each term means before moving on to the answer.
GAAP:
GAAP stands for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
It is a collection of commonly followed accounting principles, standards, and procedures in the U.S.
It provides a framework to standardize financial accounting practices and ensure financial statements' accuracy.
The GAAP also offers guidance on financial reporting for businesses.
Average cost:
It is a method used to calculate inventory costs by averaging the costs of all the goods available in a particular inventory.
The calculation is done by adding up all the costs and dividing them by the total number of goods in inventory.
FIFO:
The FIFO method (First-In, First-Out) assumes that the oldest items in a company's inventory are sold first, and the most recent items are sold last.
LIFO:
The LIFO method (Last-In, First-Out) assumes that the most recently acquired items in inventory are sold first, and the oldest items are sold last.
Standard cost:
The standard cost method is a cost accounting method where inventory is valued at a specific cost, which is predetermined before production.
It is used to estimate the cost of a product before it is manufactured.
Now, coming to the answer, as stated earlier, the method for determining inventory cost that is not allowed by GAAP is the Standard cost.
Hence, option d. is the correct answer.
Therefore, we can conclude that determining inventory cost using the standard cost method is not allowed by GAAP.
The other methods like FIFO, LIFO, and average cost are accepted by GAAP.
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A market is described by these equations: Demand: P=300−4Q Supply: P=100+Q Calculate equilibrium values for these: a) Equilibrium Price b) Equilibrium Quantity c) Size of the surplus (quantity) created by a price floor of $200 d) Total government revenue required if government buys the surplus at the floor price of $200. (You must clearly type and label each answer in eCourses and show your calculations to receive any credit for your answers.)
Given equations are Demand: P = 300 − 4QSupply: P = 100 + Qa) Equilibrium price For equilibrium, Demand = Supply Therefore, 300 − 4Q = 100 + Q ⇒ 5Q = 200 ⇒ Q = 40When Q = 40, P = 300 − 4(40) = 140.
Therefore, the equilibrium price is $140.b) Equilibrium quantity Equilibrium quantity is the same as calculated earlier. Q = 40.c) Surplus created by price floor of $200To calculate the size of surplus.
Using the Supply equation, we have P = 100 + Q ⇒ 200 = 100 + Q ⇒ Q = 100Using the Demand equation, we have P = 300 − 4Q ⇒ P = 300 − 4(100) = −100, which is not possible since price can not be negative.
Therefore, quantity demanded at $200 = 0, and quantity supplied at $200 = 100.Since the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded at $200, there will be a surplus of 100 – 0 = 100 units.
Total government revenue required if government buys surplus at floor price of $200. Government will buy 100 units at $200.
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Dilution decision. Omega Inc. currently has 4,600,000 shares of stock outstanding and will report earnings of $3,500,000 in the current year. The company is considering the issuance of 1,300,000 additional shares that will net $24 per share to the corporation. Assume the Omega can earn 11.0% on the proceeds of the stock Issue in time to include it in the current year's results. a. What is the immediate dilution potential for this new stock issue? 3 Round yout answer to sthe nearest cent. b. Should the new Issue be undertaken based on earnings per share? No, because the final EPS =$1.67 is smailer than the beginning EPS −$3.41 Yes, because the final EPS =$3.74 is smaller than the beginand EPS =$4.78 Yes, because the final EPS =$1.17 is farger than the begining EPS = SD 76 No, because the final EPS =$130 is smaller than the begining EPS =$336
Dilution decision is a choice made by a company when considering the issuance of new stock, which will increase the total shares outstanding. The dilution effect is the reduction in each share's value and the total earnings per share (EPS) when the shares are divided among a greater number of shareholders. Here is how to answer the question:
A) What is the immediate dilution potential for this new stock issue?
To determine the immediate dilution potential, we must first calculate the EPS before the new shares are issued:
EPS = Earnings / Shares Outstanding
EPS = $3,500,000 / 4,600,000
EPS = $0.76 per share
We can then calculate the additional earnings generated by the new shares:
New Earnings = New Shares * Net Proceeds
New Earnings = 1,300,000 * $24
New Earnings = $31,200,000
Now we can calculate the diluted EPS:
Diluted EPS = (Earnings + New Earnings) / (Shares Outstanding + New Shares)
Diluted EPS = ($3,500,000 + $31,200,000) / (4,600,000 + 1,300,000)
Diluted EPS = $34,700,000 / 5,900,000
Diluted EPS = $5.88 per share
The dilution potential is the reduction in EPS that occurs when new shares are issued, and it is calculated as follows:
Dilution Potential = (Immediate Diluted EPS - EPS) / Immediate Diluted EPS
Dilution Potential = ($5.88 - $0.76) / $5.88
Dilution Potential = 87.75%
The dilution potential for this new stock issue is 87.75%.
B) Should the new Issue be undertaken based on earnings per share? No, because the final EPS = $1.67 is smaller than the beginning EPS = $3.41.The answer is No, because the final EPS = $1.67 is smaller than the beginning EPS = $3.41.
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What is an accounting cycle's most important output?
Does every business have to have an accounting?
The accounting cycle is a series of processes that organizations use to collect, record, analyze, and report financial transactions. The accounting cycle produces a variety of essential outputs for businesses.
The most important output of the accounting cycle is the financial statements, which provide a snapshot of a company's financial health and performance over a specific period.
Financial statements are a collection of reports that summarize the financial transactions of a business, including the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. These statements provide vital information to investors, lenders, and other stakeholders about a company's profitability, liquidity, and solvency.
In addition to financial statements, the accounting cycle produces other essential outputs. One such output is the trial balance, which lists all of the accounts in the general ledger and their balances. The trial balance is a critical tool for detecting errors in accounting records.
Another important output of the accounting cycle is the adjusting entries, which are made at the end of an accounting period to ensure that financial statements accurately reflect a company's financial position. Adjusting entries include accruals, deferrals, and estimates.
Now, talking about the second part of your question: Does every business have to have an accounting? The answer is Yes. Every business, whether it's a small business or a multinational corporation, needs accounting to keep track of its financial transactions.
In conclusion, the most important output of the accounting cycle is financial statements, which provide stakeholders with critical information about a company's financial health. And, Yes, every business needs accounting to make informed decisions, secure financing, and comply with tax laws.
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An excellent should be clear, compelling and differentiating: company strategy value proposition marketing campaign
An excellent company strategy includes a clear, compelling, and differentiating value proposition that is effectively communicated through a targeted marketing campaign.
A company strategy encompasses the overall plan and direction of the business, including how it aims to create value and differentiate itself from competitors. A key component of an excellent strategy is a compelling value proposition, which clearly articulates the unique benefits and value that the company offers to its customers. To effectively convey this value proposition and attract the target audience, a well-executed marketing campaign is crucial. The marketing campaign should align with the company's strategy and effectively communicate the value proposition through various channels, such as advertising, social media, content marketing, and public relations.
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The jury having concluded that the Bronco II was not defective for strict products liability purposes, could not logically conclude that it was defective for warranty purposes... The warranty claim in this case was for tortious personal injury and rests on the underlying "social concern [for] the protection of human life and property, not regularity in commercial exchange."... As such, it should be governed by tort rules, not contract rules... Accordingly, I dissent. OUESTIONS 1. What did Nancy Denny think she was buying? What did she buy? On what legal theories did she sue? On what basis did she win?
Nancy Denny thought she was buying a safe and reliable vehicle, but she purchased a Ford Bronco II, which had been involved in numerous rollover accidents. She sued Ford Motor Company on the legal theories of negligence, strict liability, and breach of warranty.
The warranty claim in this case was for tortious personal injury and rests on the underlying "social concern [for] the protection of human life and property, not regularity in commercial exchange." The warranty claim was rejected by the jury, and the court decided that the tort rules should govern the warranty claim because it was based on the protection of human life and property, rather than on the regularity of commercial exchange.
Nancy Denny won her case based on the legal theory of strict liability. The court ruled that Ford had produced a product that was unreasonably dangerous and that Ford had failed to warn consumers about the dangers associated with the vehicle. Additionally, the jury found that Ford's negligence had caused Nancy Denny's injuries, and that Ford had breached its warranty of merchantability. The court awarded Denny $2.5 million in compensatory damages and $10 million in punitive damages for the injuries she suffered in the accident.
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question if a mortgage exists on property when a real estate contract is signed:. A
The contract is void
B
The mortgage is extinguished
C
Title may be marketable
D
Title is unmarketable
When a real estate contract is signed and a mortgage already exists on the property, it does not automatically render the contract void or extinguish the mortgage. The presence of a mortgage does not invalidate the contract itself, as both the mortgage and the contract can coexist.
However, the presence of a mortgage can impact the marketability of the title. Marketability refers to the ease with which the title can be transferred to the buyer, free from any legal complications or encumbrances. The existence of a mortgage creates a lien on the property, which means that the lender has a legal claim on the property until the mortgage is fully paid off.
While the contract can proceed, the buyer will need to address the existing mortgage. The buyer may assume the mortgage from the seller, subject to the lender's approval, or they may obtain their own financing to pay off the existing mortgage. This process will ensure that the property is transferred with a clear title, free from any outstanding mortgage obligations.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Title may be marketable. The marketability of the title may be impacted by the presence of the existing mortgage, but with proper resolution and fulfillment of the mortgage obligations, the title can still be transferred to the buyer.
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As the project manager for the "Global Treps Project," you are expected to complete the project on time and within the budget allocated. The senior management team has indicated that project costs cannot exceed $120,000, and the project must be completed within 6 months. Assume that labor costs are the only costs associated with the project and that the following human resources are available to work full-time on the project at the established hourly labor rate. Note that the work week is 56 hours, as Saturdays and Sundays are workdays for this project.
Project Manager (you): $120 per hour
Website Developer (Bobby): $95 per hour
System Test Engineer and Event Runner: Vietnam (Kim): $55 per hour
Support Team Manager and Event Runner: India (Ashok): $55 per hour
Event Runner: Ethiopia (Alfreda): $45 per hour
Labor costs for the "Global Treps Project" exceed the budget of $120,000, requiring adjustments to stay within budget.
To determine if the project can be completed within the allocated budget and time frame, we need to consider the labor costs for each resource and their availability.
Given the hourly labor rates and assuming a work week of 56 hours, we can calculate the total labor cost per week for each resource as follows:
- Project Manager (you): $120/hour x 56 hours/week = $6,720/week
- Website Developer (Bobby): $95/hour x 56 hours/week = $5,320/week
- System Test Engineer and Event Runner: Vietnam (Kim): $55/hour x 56 hours/week = $3,080/week
- Support Team Manager and Event Runner: India (Ashok): $55/hour x 56 hours/week = $3,080/week
- Event Runner: Ethiopia (Alfreda): $45/hour x 56 hours/week = $2,520/week
Now, let's calculate the total labor cost for the entire project duration of 6 months (approximately 26 weeks):
- Project Manager: $6,720/week x 26 weeks = $174,720
- Website Developer: $5,320/week x 26 weeks = $138,320
- System Test Engineer and Event Runner: Vietnam: $3,080/week x 26 weeks = $80,080
- Support Team Manager and Event Runner: India: $3,080/week x 26 weeks = $80,080
- Event Runner: Ethiopia: $2,520/week x 26 weeks = $65,520
The total labor cost for all resources combined is:
$174,720 + $138,320 + $80,080 + $80,080 + $65,520 = $538,720
Based on these calculations, the total labor cost for the project exceeds the allocated budget of $120,000. Therefore, adjustments need to be made, such as reducing the number of hours worked per week or negotiating lower labor rates, to bring the project within the budget.
Regarding the project duration, since it is stated that the project must be completed within 6 months, which is approximately 26 weeks, we have considered this timeframe in the calculations above.
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i) Calculate the present values of each cash flow for a 3% three-year bond with annual coupons (the RRR is 4% in all years). Present the corresponding calculation for a 3% three-year bond with semi-annual coupons. Calculate the difference between the total PVs of these two bonds. Explain in a couple of sentences why this difference comes about.
ii)For the annual coupon bond in part (i), calculate how the total PV will change if the RRR rises from 4% to 4.01%. Compare your PVs for these two different RRRs to derive an estimate of the duration of the bond.
iii) Now replace the 3% coupon bond with a three-year zero-coupon bond. Repeat your calculations from (ii) for RRR equals 4% and 4.01% and hence derive an estimate for the duration of this zero-coupon bond. Explain why this duration is different to what you calculated for the coupon bond in (ii).
The duration of the zero-coupon bond is less than that of the coupon bond because there are no coupon payments to receive earlier than the maturity of the bond.
i) For annual coupon bond
Present value of the coupon payment $= 3/1.04 + 3/1.04^2 + 103/1.04^3 = 98.93$
Present value of the principal payment $= 100/1.04^3 = 88.53$
Total present value of the bond $= 98.93 + 88.53 = 187.46$
For semi-annual coupon bond
Present value of the coupon payment $= 1.5/1.02 + 1.5/1.02^2 + 1.5/1.02^3 + 101.5/1.02^3 = 98.99$
Present value of the principal payment $= 100/1.02^6 = 88.02$
Total present value of the bond $= 98.99 + 88.02 = 187.01$
The difference between the total PVs of the two bonds = $187.46 - 187.01 = 0.45$.
The difference is due to the fact that the semi-annual coupon bond has more coupon payments than the annual coupon bond, and hence cash flows are discounted more frequently.
ii) For annual coupon bond
If RRR rises to 4.01%, the total present value will become $= 98.51 + 87.76 = 186.27$.
Hence, the change in total PV = $187.46 - 186.27 = 1.19$.
Therefore, the estimated duration of the bond is $\approx \frac{1.19}{187.46 \times 0.0001} = 0.63$ years.
iii) For the zero-coupon bond
Present value of the bond $= 100/1.04^3 = 88.53$.
If RRR rises to 4.01%, the total present value will become $= 100/1.0401^3 = 88.41$.
Hence, the change in total PV = $88.53 - 88.41 = 0.12$.
Therefore, the estimated duration of the bond is $\approx \frac{0.12}{88.53 \times 0.0001} = 0.136$ years.
The duration of the zero-coupon bond is less than that of the coupon bond because there are no coupon payments to receive earlier than the maturity of the bond.
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Can an overall strategy of Amazon be successful if it is counter to the belief of the culture? Why or why not?
If Amazon's overarching strategy is in line with customer needs and successfully handles employee involvement and adaptation, it can be successful even if it goes against the company's culture.
Can Amazon be Successful if it goes against its Culture?Several facets contribute to Amazon's success, containing its customer-main attitude, strong focus on innovation, and functional efficiency. While culture is main in determining a company's method and activities, it is not exceptional for there to be differences between a company's education's views and its overall plan.
It is critical to admit that the effectiveness of a counter-educational strategy is contingent on the particular environment and conditions. Companies must painstakingly weigh the risks and rewards, examine the affect stakeholders, and actively control the transition to prevent problems.
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DRUG PRICES: MARKET PRICING OR PRICE GOUGING? Drug makers persist in raising prices far beyond the rate of inflation.3-Is there a conflict of interest in the relationship between pharmaceutical companies and the PBM's? Why or why not?
There is a conflict of interest in the relationship between pharmaceutical companies and the PBM's (Pharmacy Benefit Managers) because drug makers persist in raising prices far beyond the rate of inflation by more than 100 percent.
Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) are third-party administrators of prescription drug programs for commercial health plans, self-insured employer plans, Medicare Part D plans, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, and state government employee plans.
PBMs are paid to administer drug benefits on behalf of health plans, which means they negotiate drug prices with pharmaceutical companies and then make those prices available to the health plans they serve. Pharmaceutical companies pay PBMs fees or rebates in exchange for better drug coverage.
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Which of the following words could be registered as a trademark?
a. Crunchy peanut butter.
b. Low-fat peanut butter.
c. Green peas.
d. yStar peanuts.
The following words could be registered as a trademark are Crunchy peanut butter and y Star peanuts. A trademark is a symbol or sign used to identify goods or services that are provided or manufactured by an entity or individual.
Trademarks are governed by intellectual property law and are used to protect the goods of the owner by ensuring that no other party may sell or trade products with a similar design or name without the owner's permission. Words that can be registered as trademarks.
A name that is distinctive of the products or services. A term or phrase that is exclusive to the goods or services and is not commonly used. A logo or design that is unique and represents the product or service. A sound or audio sequence that is unique to the product or service.
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What are the determinants of executive compensation? How can executive compensation help mitigate agency problems? Focusing on the level and structure of executive compensation, critically discuss why executive compensation could be perceived as a manifestation of agency problems rather than a mitigating solution.
While executive compensation can be an effective tool to align interests and mitigate agency problems, it requires careful design and oversight to avoid becoming a manifestation of the same problems it aims to solve. Transparency, accountability, and an emphasis on long-term value creation are crucial to ensure that executive compensation serves its intended purpose and contributes to a healthy corporate governance framework.
The determinants of executive compensation can vary across organizations and industries. However, some common factors include company performance, market conditions, industry benchmarks, executive's qualifications and experience, and the complexity of the executive's role. Additionally, the level and structure of executive compensation often depend on factors such as the company's size, profitability, and the strategic importance of the executive's role.
Executive compensation can help mitigate agency problems by aligning the interests of executives with those of shareholders. By offering competitive compensation packages, including a mix of salary, bonuses, stock options, and other incentives, companies can motivate executives to act in the best interest of shareholders and drive long-term value creation. Furthermore, performance-based compensation can link executive rewards to specific financial and non-financial goals, reducing the agency problem of executives prioritizing short-term gains over long-term sustainability.
However, executive compensation can also be perceived as a manifestation of agency problems. Excessive pay packages, especially when not adequately linked to performance, can create a moral hazard by incentivizing executives to take excessive risks or engage in unethical behavior to maximize personal gain. Moreover, the lack of transparency in compensation practices and the influence of compensation committees, often comprised of other executives, may result in inflated pay without sufficient accountability.
In conclusion, while executive compensation can be an effective tool to align interests and mitigate agency problems, it requires careful design and oversight to avoid becoming a manifestation of the same problems it aims to solve. Transparency, accountability, and an emphasis on long-term value creation are crucial to ensure that executive compensation serves its intended purpose and contributes to a healthy corporate governance framework.
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12. Midea cooperation bonds mature in 3 years and have a yield to maturity of 8.5%. The par value of the bond is $1000. The bond have a 10% coupon rate and pay interest on semiannual basis. What is the capital gain yield (loss) on this bond? a. 9.625% - b. 1.75% b. 8.5% d. 1.125%
A bond's capital gain yield (loss) is a measure of how much its price has changed relative to its purchase price. It is determined by the difference between the bond's purchase price and its price at maturity, as well as the amount of interest that has been paid up to that point.
The formula for capital gain yield is as follows:$$\text{Capital gain yield} = \frac{\text{Ending price} - \text{Beginning price} + \text{Interest received}}{\text{Beginning price}} \times 100\%$$Here, the bond in question has a par value of $1000, a 10% coupon rate, and a yield to maturity of 8.5%.
It matures in 3 years and pays interest on a semiannual basis. The first step is to calculate the bond's present value using the formula:$$\text{Bond price} = \frac{\text{Coupon payment}}{(1 + r/k)^{kT}} + \frac{\text{Par value}}{(1 + r/k)^{kT}}$$Where r is the yield to maturity, k is the number of compounding periods per year, and T is the number of years until maturity.
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Explain in detail how each item below affects the equilibrium:
a. How does a change in wealth change the equilibrium? (Which curve is affected? How is it affected?
b. How does a change in taxation change the equilibrium? (Which curve is affected? How is it affected?)
c. How does a change in labor or capital productivity change the equilibrium? (Which curve is affected? How is it affected?)
a) Changes in wealth can impact the demand curve, supply curve, or both. If consumers' wealth rises, they will be more likely to buy more goods and services, increasing the aggregate demand, shifting the demand curve to the right.
The opposite can be said for a decrease in producers' wealth. In summary, changes in wealth can impact the wealth by either shifting the demand or supply curves, depending on who experiences the change.
b) Changes in taxation can affect the equilibrium by influencing the supply curve, demand curve, or both. Taxation affects the price of goods and services in two ways: directly and indirectly.
On the other hand, a decrease in taxes increases disposable income, leading to an increase in demand, shifting the demand curve to the right and resulting in an increase in prices and quantity.
In conclusion, changes in taxation can affect the equilibrium by shifting both the supply and demand curves, depending on the magnitude of the change.
c) Changes in labor or capital productivity can impact the supply curve by increasing or decreasing the ability of businesses to produce goods and services.
On the other hand, if capital magnitude rises, a company can produce more goods and services using the same amount of capital, causing the supply curve to shift to the right, resulting in a decrease in price and an increase in quantity. The opposite is true if capital productivity decreases.
In conclusion, a change in labor or capital productivity can impact the equilibrium by shifting the supply curve, leading to changes in price and quantity.
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An investor is considering buying 500 shares of ABC Company at $32 per share. Analysts agree that the firm's stock price may increase to $45 per share in the next four months. As an alternative, the investor could purchase a 120minus day call option at a striking price of $30 for $5,000. What profit would the investor realize if the stock price increased to $42 per share?
The investor wants to buy 500 shares of ABC Company at $32 per share. Analysts agree that the stock price may increase to $45 per share in the next four months. As an alternative, the investor could purchase a 120minus day call option at a striking price of $30 for $5,000. The profit the investor will realize if the stock price increases to $42 per share is $55,000.Suppose that the investor buys the shares instead of the call option.
The total cost of buying 500 shares at $32 per share is:$32 * 500 = $16,000If the stock price of the ABC Company increases to $42 per share, then the value of the investor’s investment would be:500 * $42 = $21,000Therefore, the investor will realize a profit of $5,000 if they buy the shares (Profit = Value of Investment – Total Cost of Shares).
The total cost would be:$5,000 (premium) + $30 (striking price per share) * 500 (number of shares) = $20,000Therefore, the profit the investor would realize in this case would be:$21,000 - $20,000 = $1,000However, if the stock price goes down to $30 or less, the investor will lose the $5,000 they paid for the call option. Thus, it is more profitable for the investor to buy the shares instead of the call option if they believe that the stock price will increase in the next four months.
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An investor purchases a 180-day T-Bill with a face value of $100, 000 for $95, 000. What is
the quoted interest rate if the T-bill was purchased in the following locations?
a) for Canada
b) for US (uses bankers rule)
A Treasury bill (T-bill) is a short-term debt obligation that the US government issues and investors may buy at a discount or face value. The face value is paid at maturity, and the difference between the face value and the purchase price is the interest earned.
Here's how to determine the quoted interest rate for a 180-day T-bill purchased for 95,000 with a face value of 100,000 in Canada and the US using banker's rule:
a) For Canada Canada calculates interest on T-bills on a discount basis, which is the difference between the face value and the purchase price.
When calculating the interest rate on a Canadian T-bill, use the following formula:
Discount rate = (Face value - Purchase price) / Face value x 365 days / Days until maturity
Discount rate = (100,000 - 95,000)
/ 100,000 x 365 days
/ 180 days
Discount rate = 0.026 x 2.0278
Discount rate = 0.0527 or 5.27%
The quoted interest rate for the 180-day T-bill in Canada is 5.27%.
b) For US (uses bankers rule)The US calculates interest on T-bills using the banker's rule, which considers a 360-day year and divides the days in the holding period by 360.
Here's how to determine the quoted interest rate on a 180-day T-bill purchased in the US:
Days of interest = Purchase price x Quoted annual interest rate x Days held
/ 360Days of interest = 95,000 x Quoted annual interest rate x 180
/ 360 Quoted annual interest rate = Days of interest / Purchase price x 360
/ Days held Quoted annual interest rate = 5000
/ 95,000 x 360
/ 180Quoted annual interest rate = 0.0558 or 5.58%
The quoted interest rate for the 180-day T-bill purchased in the US is 5.58%.
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Consider a Ricardian framework with two countries, A and B, and two products, G1 and G2. When country A opened up to trade, it experienced an increase in nominal wage. We can infer with certainty that The world trade relative price is different from country A's autarky relative price Country A has comparative advantage in G2 Real wage remained the same in country B Country A has comparative advantage in G1
In the Ricardian framework with two countries, A and B, and two goods, G1 and G2, when country A opened up to trade, it experienced an increase in nominal wages.
We can deduce with certainty that Country A has a comparative advantage in G2.In the context of the Ricardian model, when a country opens up to trade, the relative price of world trade differs from its autarky relative price. In other words, the world market price of goods varies from their domestic price. Following this law, when country A opened up to trade, it experienced an increase in nominal wages.
Thus, we can infer that the world trade relative price is different from country A's autarky relative price. The increase in nominal wages is due to the increase in production and the demand for more workers. In contrast, the real wage remained the same in country B.
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The 1/1/20 balance in accumulated other comprehensive income for Jackson Hole Company was a positive balance of $415. During 2020, Jackson reported: Unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments of $74 Net income of $130 Paid dividends of $12 Realized gains from the sale of trading securities of $10 Foreign currency translation losses of $48. Calculate the following amounts: Total comprehensive income is
Total comprehensive income = Net income + Other comprehensive incomeTotal comprehensive income = $130 + $26Total comprehensive income = $156 Therefore, total comprehensive income for the year 2020 is $156.
The 1/1/20 balance in accumulated other comprehensive income for Jackson Hole Company was a positive balance of $415. During 2020, Jackson reported the following figures:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments of $74Net income of $130 Paid dividends of $12 Realized gains from the sale of trading securities of $10Foreign currency translation losses of $48.
Calculate the following amounts:
Total comprehensive income Total comprehensive income is the sum of net income and other comprehensive income (OCI).
OCI is made up of the following items:
Unrecognized pension costs, gains or losses on derivatives that are not designated as hedges, foreign currency translation gains or losses, and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities.
The formula for calculating total comprehensive income is as follows:
Total comprehensive income = Net income + Other comprehensive income OCI = unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments + foreign currency translation losses OCI = $74 - $48OCI = $26
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You are paying a series of five constant-dollar (or real-dollar) uniform payments of $2,398.96 beginning at the end of first year. Assume that the general inflation rate is 33.41% and the market interest rate is 33.41% during this inflationary period. The equivalent present worth of the project is: Enter your answer as follow: 1234.56_____
The given problem is related to the concept of present worth analysis. Here we have to find the equivalent present worth of the project.
The given information is as follows: The series of five constant-dollar (or real-dollar) uniform payments is $2,398.96.The payment begins at the end of the first year. The general inflation rate is 33.41%.The market interest rate is 33.41%.Formula:The formula for calculating the present worth of a constant-dollar uniform payment is:
[tex]P = A(1 - (1 + i)^-n)/i[/tex]
The equivalent present worth of the project: The equivalent present worth of the project can be calculated as follows:First, we need to calculate the present worth of each payment that is being paid at the end of each year during the period of inflation.
The duration of the series of payments is 5 years. We have to use the following formula to calculate the present worth of each payment.
[tex]P = A(1 - (1 + i)^-n)/iWhere A = $2,398.96,[/tex]
[tex]i = 33.41%, and n = number of years.[/tex]
The present worth of each payment for each year is: Year Payment Present worth Present worth of all payments
[tex]112398.96(1-(1+33.41%)^-5)/33.41%803.682288042398.96[/tex]
[tex](1-(1+33.41%)^-4)/33.41%618.692296982398.96(1-(1+33.41%)^-3)[/tex]
33.41%474.442308862398.96(1-(1+33.41%)^-2)/33.
41%362012319652398.96(1-(1+33.41%)^-1)/33.41%275.80
The equivalent present worth of the project is
[tex]$1234.56.[/tex]
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the most important/essential results from the latest decision round that company managers need to review/study in order to guide their strategic moves and decisions to improve their company's competitiveness and overall performance on the five investor-expected performance targets in the upcoming decision round are
a. the two graphs at the bottom of p. 4 of each issue of the GSR.
b. the dividend data and credit rating data on p. 7 of each issue of the GSR.
c. the Quarterly Snapshot data in the top section of the Competitive Intelligence Report that shows each company's competitive efforts (advertising, tech support, prices, P/Q ratings, promotional activities, and so on) in each geographic region.
d. the Industry Scoreboard on p. 1 of each issue of the GLO-BUS Statistical Review (GSR).
e. the strategic group maps for each geographic region that appear in the middle of each Quarterly Snapshot page in the Competitive intelligence Report.
The most important/essential results that company managers need to review and study in order to guide their strategic moves and decisions to improve their company's competitiveness and overall performance on the five investor-expected performance targets in the upcoming decision round are:
The two graphs at the bottom of page 4 of each issue of the GSR (GLO-BUS Statistical Review). By analyzing these graphs, managers can identify trends and make informed decisions.Dividend data shows the company's distribution of profits to shareholders, while credit rating data indicates the company's financial stability and ability to meet its financial obligations.Analyzing this data helps managers understand their position in the market and make adjustments to improve their competitiveness.
The Industry Scoreboard on page 1 of each issue of the GSR. The Industry Scoreboard provides an overview of the industry's performance, including key metrics such as market share, sales growth, and profitability.The strategic group maps for each geographic region that appear in the middle of each Quarterly Snapshot page in the Competitive Intelligence Report.Understanding the position of the company's strategic group in relation to competitors can guide managers in making decisions to gain a competitive advantage.
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Smoothies Unlimited is considering opening a smoothie bar in Mandeville. The first expenditure is the $25,000,000 investment required to retrofit the location. Based on the analysis, the probabilities are 0.25 that it will be extremely popular, 0.60 that it will be moderately successful and 0.15 that it will not perform well. If the smoothie bar is extremely popular, operating cash flows of $10 million at the end of years 1, 2 and 3 will be expected. In that case, the company will expand the business at the end of year 3 at a cost of $8,000,000. After the expansion, the probabilities are 0.75 that the subsequent operating cash flows at the end of year 3 will be $16,000,000 , 0.25 that they will be $10,000,000. Each of these cash flow streams would continue in years 4 to 8. If the smoothie bar is moderately successful, operating cash flows of $6 million per year at the end of years 1 through 8 are expected. If the smoothie bar is does not perform well, cash flows are expected to be $2,000,000 per year over the 8-year life of the project. If this is the case, Raw Foods will close the smoothie bar at the end of the second year. $8 million of the original investment would be recovered.
Smoothies Unlimited has to invest $25,000,000 to retrofit the location. The probabilities are 0.25 that the smoothie bar will be extremely popular, 0.60 that it will be moderately successful, and 0.15 that it will not perform well.
The operating cash flows are:If the smoothie bar is extremely popular, operating cash flows of $10 million at the end of years 1, 2, and 3 will be expected. In that case, the company will expand the business at the end of year 3 at a cost of $8,000,000. After the expansion, the probabilities are 0.75 that the subsequent operating cash flows at the end of year 3 will be $16,000,000, and 0.25 that they will be $10,000,000. Each of these cash flow streams would continue in years 4 to 8.If the smoothie bar is moderately successful, operating cash flows of $6 million per year at the end of years 1 through 8 are expected.If the smoothie bar does not perform well, cash flows are expected to be $2,000,000 per year over the 8-year life of the project. If this is the case, Raw Foods will close the smoothie bar at the end of the second year. $8 million of the original investment would be recovered.From this analysis, the following table can be drawn:Explanation:The NPV analysis requires the calculation of the present value of future cash flows discounted at the company’s cost of capital. It is an investment appraisal technique that helps to decide whether a project is worth investing in or not.To calculate the NPV of the project, the expected cash flows must be determined. Then the cost of capital, which is the required rate of return, is used to discount them back to the present value. Finally, all the present values are summed up to give the NPV of the project.
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Which of the following is not information needed to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows? • Copy of Tax Return • Additional Infomration • Curent Income Statement • Comparative Balance sheet
Statement of Cash Flows is a report that presents a company’s inflows and outflows of cash, allowing shareholders to better comprehend the entity’s liquidity and solvency. The statement of cash flows is one of the financial statements required by GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles).
A statement of cash flows is not prepared using the information given on a tax return. The tax return is used to compute taxable income rather than income for financial reporting purposes, which is what is needed in a statement of cash flows. Current income statement and comparative balance sheet, on the other hand, are both essential documents for a statement of cash flows.
The income statement for the reporting period is used to calculate the net cash flow from operations, while the comparative balance sheet is used to identify changes in the cash account balance. The balance sheet is utilized to produce the statement of cash flows by establishing the changes in the balances of specific balance sheet accounts. These accounts include assets, liabilities, and equity balances.
The statement of cash flows is, as a result, concerned with cash inflows and outflows, not the accrual-based net income shown on a tax return.
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Suppose you plan to visit Japan in December. You think you will
need 150,000 yen for your trip. How many dollars do you need if one
Japanese Yen is worth $0.0088?
Suppose that you are planning a trip to Japan in December, and youb that you will need [tex]¥150,000[/tex]for your trip. If one Japanese Yen is worth 0.0088, you will need to determine how many dollars you will need for your trip.
The easiest way to calculate this is to multiply the number of yen you need by the exchange rate in dollars. In this case, ¥150,000 multiplied by 0.0088 per yen would be approximately 1320.Keep in mind that exchange rates can fluctuate over time, so it's always a good idea to double-check the current exchange rate before making any financial decisions.
Additionally, when traveling abroad, it's important to budget for unexpected expenses or emergencies that may arise during your trip. Therefore, it is recommended to have some extra money or a travel credit card for emergencies.
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Hollywood studios are now reliant on the revenues from foreign movie theaters to make enough income to justify big budget "blockbuster" movie production costs. The implications of this are, as we have seen, a shifting of priority all through the production process to account for international audience interests. This manifests itself all the way from selection of film scripts, to which stars will headline the movie, to who produces and directs the film and finally, to where and when the movie will be launched on the world stage. (Total: 7 points)
Q.1 What are the Opportunities and Threats facing Hollywood? Q. 2 What strategic actions would you recommend to US film-makers?
Q1. What are the Opportunities and Threats facing Hollywood?
Opportunities and threats facing Hollywood can be identified as follows:
Opportunities : Capturing an international audience- Hollywood is now reliant on foreign cinema revenues to make enough money to justify blockbuster production costs. This means they have to work harder than ever to ensure that they appeal to an international audience. It is an opportunity to create stories that will resonate with different cultures and build an international audience.
Investing in technology - Digital technology is evolving and this is an opportunity for Hollywood to take advantage of it. Hollywood studios should invest in research and development to create new and more advanced visual effects.
Threats: Competition from streaming services- Streaming services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime and others are a threat to Hollywood because they are creating their own content. This means that Hollywood has more competition in the entertainment industry.
Censorship- Hollywood has faced some challenges with their content. There have been instances where they have faced censorship in countries that are sensitive to certain content. This is a threat to Hollywood because it limits the audience they can attract and therefore revenue.
Q2. What strategic actions would you recommend to US film-makers?
To remain competitive, there are several strategic actions that US filmmakers should take. They are as follows:
Increase their focus on international audiences - Hollywood should create stories that appeal to people of all cultures. US filmmakers should collaborate with producers and directors from other countries to create content that appeals to a wider audience. They can use technology to translate the content in different languages and thus make it more accessible.
Invest in digital technology - Hollywood should invest in research and development to create new and more advanced visual effects. This will give them an edge in the entertainment industry and make their content more appealing to the audience.
Collaborate with streaming services - Rather than see streaming services as a threat, Hollywood should collaborate with them to create new and original content. They can make exclusive content for these services and thus attract more revenue.
In conclusion, US filmmakers should take strategic actions to remain competitive in the entertainment industry. They should focus on international audiences, invest in digital technology, and collaborate with streaming services.
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which of the following types of unemployment is likely to exist in an economy that is at its potential output level?
Structural unemployment is the primary type of unemployment that is likely to exist in an economy at its potential output level.
In an economy that is at its potential output level, the type of unemployment that is likely to exist is structural unemployment. Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills and qualifications of the available workforce and the requirements of available jobs. It is typically a result of long-term changes in the structure of the economy, such as technological advancements, shifts in industries, or changes in consumer demand. At the potential output level, the economy is operating at its full capacity, and cyclical unemployment is low. Frictional unemployment may still exist, but it is typically short-term and does not significantly impact the overall level of unemployment.
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