reaction [1] 54.2079 Set H Q.No. 20 OR:-

An unsaturared hydrocarbon (C3H6) undergoes Markovnikov's rule to give (A). Compound (A) is hydrolysed with aqueous alkali to yield (B). When (B) is treated with PBr3, compound (C) is produced. (C) reacts with AgCN (alc.) to give another compound (D). The compound (D) if reduced with LiAlH4, produce (E).
i. Define Markovnikov's rule.
ii. Identify (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) with chemical reaction.
iii. How does E react with nitrous acid? iv.How would you convert (B) into C3H8? [1+5+1+1]​

Answer:

a. To calculate the standard enthalpy of neutralization of sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide, we can use the formula:

ΔH_neutralization = q_calorimeter / n_reactant

where q_calorimeter is the heat absorbed or released by the solution and n_reactant is the number of moles of reactant.

First, we need to calculate the heat absorbed or released by the solution using the equation:

q_calorimeter = mcΔT

where m is the mass of the solution, c is the specific heat capacity of the solution and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In this case, the mass of the solution is 50 cm³ + 50 cm³ = 100 cm³. The specific heat capacity of the solution is approximately 4.18 J/g°C. The change in temperature is 6.8°C.

q_calorimeter = (100 cm³) (4.18 J/g°C) (6.8°C) = 28.624 J

Then we need to calculate the number of moles of reactant used. The acid is sulfuric acid and the base is sodium hydroxide.

H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O

The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of H2SO4 reacts with 2 moles of NaOH.

n_reactant = (50 cm³)(0.50 M) + (50 cm³)(0.10 M) = 2.5 moles

Therefore, the standard enthalpy of neutralization of sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide is:

ΔH_neutralization = q_calorimeter / n_reactant = (28.624 J) / (2.5 moles) = -11.4496 kJ/mol

b. The value obtained in (a) is less than the expected value because heat exchange occurs between the reaction mixture and the calorimeter, which causes a loss of energy. Additionally, the solution may not have been perfectly insulated and heat may have been lost to the surroundings, also causing a loss of energy. Furthermore, the reaction may not have been performed under standard conditions, such as at a specific temperature or pressure.

Answer:

3.6999 x 10^2 l.

Explanation:

To find the volume of air with a mass of 1 lb, we can use the density formula:

Density = Mass divided by Volume

Rearranging the formula to solve for volume:

Mass / Density = Volume

Given that the density of air is 0.001226 g/ml, and we want to find the volume of 1 lb of air, we can substitute the following values into the equation:

(1 pound) / (0.001226 g/ml)

To convert pounds to grams, 1 pound equals 453.59 grams.

Volume = 453.59 g/0.001226 g/ml = 369,988.6 ml

Now we can convert from milliliters to liters. 1 liter equals 1,000 milliliters.

Volume = 369.99 l/1000 = 369,988.6 ml

To express it in scientific notation, you can use a factor of 10 to represent the decimal place. You move the decimal point of the number to the left or right until you have only one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point.

369.99 l = 3.6999 x 10^2 l

So the volume of 1 lb of air is 3.6999 x 10^2 l.

The two atoms are isotopes of each other are Si with a mass number of 27 and an atomic number 14, and Mg with a mass number of 25 and an atomic number of 12. The correct option is A.

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons.

They differ in mass, which affects their physical characteristics even if they have nearly identical chemical properties.

An isotope is one of two or more chemical elements that exist in different forms. Varied isotopes of an element share the same atomic number and protons in their nuclei, giving them the same atomic weight.

However, each elemental isotope has a different amount of neutrons, which changes its atomic weight.

They can be referred to as isotopes because Si, which has a mass number of 27 and an atomic number of 14, and Mg, which has a mass number of 25 and an atomic number of 12, both have 13 protons.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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Mass of NaNO3 should be dissolved in 400 g of water is 100 g

It is given that

Mass of water = 400 g

percent of solution = 20% solution

mass of NaNO3 = ?

Mass per cent is a way of expressing a concentration or describing the component in a particular mixture. The solution composition can be described in mass percentage which shows the mass of solute present in a given mass of solution. The quantity of solute is expressed in mass or by moles.

Mass percentage of solution = mass of solute/mass of solution

20% = mass of NaNO3/mass of NaNO3 + 400g

20/100 = x/x + 400

0.2(x + 400) = x

0.2x + 80 = x

0.8x = 80

x = 100 g

Hence, Mass of NaNO3 should be dissolved in 400 g of water is 100 g

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To create molecules, atoms combine. Two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom make up a water molecule's three atoms. H2O is a common abbreviation for water because of this.

The smallest unit of a material that keeps its content and characteristics is a molecule, which is made up of two or more atoms linked together by chemical bonds. The building blocks of chemistry are molecules.

The phrase "the molecules of life" frequently refers to these four categories of molecules. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids make up the four basic building blocks of life. Every single life on Earth depends on one or more of the four categories. These four molecules are necessary for a cell and an organism to exist.

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A thermodynamic system's property called enthalpy is the result of adding the internal energy of the system and the product of its pressure and volume.

The change in enthalpy for a chemical reaction, also known as the heat of reaction or delta H, is the amount of heat absorbed or released during the reaction at a constant pressure. To calculate the change in enthalpy for the chlorination of propane, you would need to know the enthalpies of formation for the reactants and products, and use the following equation:

ΔH = ΣΔHf (products) - ΣΔHf (reactants)

Where ΔHf is the enthalpy of formation for a given substance.

Without knowing the specific conditions and reactants, it's not possible to give a exact delta H value for the chlorination of propane. But it's an exothermic process, meaning that heat is released during the reaction. The magnitude of the heat released will depend on the specific reactants and conditions used.

Note that an overview was given as the information is incomplete.

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The molar mass of the non-electrolyte solute is 285.7 g/mol.

The freezing point of cyclohexane is 6.6°C

The freezing point depression, ΔT, of hexane by the unknown non-electrolyte will be:

ΔT = 5.1  - 6.6

ΔT = 1.5 °C

Recall that ΔT = iKfm

where;

For the solution:

i = 1

Kf for cyclohexane = 20.2 deg⋅kg/mole of solute

m = ?

m = ΔT/iKf

m = 1.5/1 * 20.2

m = 0.07 molal

Molality = moles of solute/mass of solvent in kg

mass of solvent = 2.50 g or 0.0025 kg

moles of solute = 0.07 * 0.0025

moles of solute = 0.000175 moles

0.050 g of the non-electrolyte = 0.000175 moles

Molar mass of the non-electrolyte = 0.05/0.000175

Molar mass of the non-electrolyte = 285.7 g/mol

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Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag+(aq) + Ca₂ +(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) → 2AgBr(s)

A chemical equation for a process called a net ionic equation only includes the species that are involved in the reaction. The spectator ions, which pass through the process unaltered, are not listed.

In this question the steps for this process are as follows:

Step 1: Write out the molecular equation.

2AgNO₃ (aq) + CaBr₂ (aq) → Ca(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2AgBr (s)

Step 2: Balance the equation.

2AgNO₃ (aq) + CaBr₂ (aq) → Ca(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2AgBr (s)

Step 3: Write out the ionic equation.

2Ag+ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻ (aq) + Ca₂+ (aq) + 2Br ⁻ (aq) → Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻ (aq) + 2AgBr (s)

Step 4: Simplify the equation by cancelling out the species that are on both sides of the equation.

2Ag+ (aq) + Ca₂+ (aq) + 2Br⁻ (aq) → 2AgBr (s)

Step 5: The net ionic equation is the final result.

Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag+ (aq) + Ca₂+ (aq) + 2Br ⁻ (aq) → 2AgBr (s)

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If Sherman suggests that reproduction always creates individuals with adaptive traits, then he/she is not correct because variation may lead to non-adaptive phenotypes.

The presence of genetic variation in individuals of a given population is not adaptive per se, but instead, it provides the raw material for natural selection that leads to the differential survival and reproduction of the most adaptive phenotypes.

The genetic variation in individuals of a given population does not crate adaptive traits and it may derive from sexual reproduction.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the presence of genetic variation in individuals of a given population may or not be adaptive in the function of the environment in which the individual produced by means of sexual reproduction is developed and therefore it is an advantage for the population but the individual may be harmful.

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Answer:

a. amount of algae on the glass

Explanation:

Physical and chemical circumstances are examples of abiotic elements, which are ecosystem components that are not alive. Because they are non-living and affect the ecosystem's characteristics, the rock composition, the quantity of algae on the glass, and the water temperature are all examples of abiotic elements in an aquarium environment.

Although the quantity of fish is a biotic element since it is a live organism and a component of the ecosystem.

B. Cao(s) (Calcium oxide)

The balanced equation would be:

Ca(s) + O2(g) --> Cao(s)

It is the product of Calcium oxide.

The product of the reaction between sodium and chlorine is sodium chloride (NaCl). When sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) react, they form an ionic bond, with the sodium atom losing one electron to the chlorine atom. This forms a positively charged sodium ion (Na+) and a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-), which are held together by electrostatic attraction to form the compound sodium chloride. It is a white crystalline solid and is commonly known as table salt.

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Answer:

490.87 L

Explanation:

Molar mass of N2 = (1 x 2) = 2 g

Moles of N2 in the airbag = 43.8/2 = 21.9 moles

One mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.414 L at S.T.P

setting up ratio between moles and volume;

moles    :   volume

   1         :   22.414

   21.9    :      X

X = (21.9 x 22.414)

  = 490.87 L

a) phosphorus atom - This would have three concentric circles with the outermost circle having five electrons.

b) chlorine ion - This would have three concentric circles with the outermost circle having seven electrons.

c) beryllium atom - This would have two concentric circles with the outermost circle having two electrons

d) calcium ion - This would have four concentric circles with the outermost circle having two electrons.

We know that the Lewis dot diagram is the kind of representation that can be used to show the number of the electrons that we do have in an element. The number of atoms are shown in electrons that are in the orbits and the orbits are concentric circles that look very similar.

Recall that the orbits that we have in the atom are known to be arranged in energy levels and the energy levels of the atoms of the atoms of the elements play a key role in the Lewis dot structure of the elements that we know.

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The majority of metals are malleable, meaning they can be bent and moulded without breaking.

define moulding ?

architect a shaped outline, especially one used on cornices, etc.

a formed strip of wood, stone, or other material

a moulded item, a decorative recessed or relieved surface, a decorative plane or curved strip for embellishment or finishing

The majority of metals are malleable, meaning they can be bent and moulded without breaking. This is due to the fact that they are made up of layers of ions that can glide over one another when the metal is twisted, hammered, or pushed. Most metals are ductile because the ions slide over one other and may be drawn/pulled into wires, making them excellent for electric cables.

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2.27x1022 molecules of CH4 contains 2.27x1022 moles of CH4 and 8.9x1022 moles of hydrogen atoms.

Hydrogen atoms are the simplest atoms, consisting of a single proton and electron. They are the smallest and most abundant atoms in the universe, making up about 75% of all matter. Hydrogen atoms are also the most reactive elements, easily combining with other elements to form molecules, such as water. They are an essential part of many biochemical reactions, and are used in fuel cells to generate electricity. Hydrogen atoms are also important in astronomy, as they are a key component of stars and other cosmic bodies. Hydrogen atoms are also a major component of the Earth's atmosphere, making up about 20% of the air we breathe. In summary, hydrogen atoms are a vital part of the universe and are essential to life as we know it.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

After much experimentation, John discovers a law which says that the wavelengths of light absorbed by hydrogen gas fit into a pattern which he is able to express in a mathematical formula.

Niels has a hypothesis about why the wavelength of light absorbed by hydrogen has a certain value. Niels suggests the orbit of the electron in the hydrogen atom can only have certain radii, and when the electron "jumps" from one orbit to another, it emits light of an energy corresponding exactly to the difference in orbit energies.

In physics, wavelength is defined as the distance traveled by a wave in one period. Wavelength is represented by the Greek letter lamda (λ). That's why the wavelength formula is often called the Lambda formula.

How to calculate the lambda formula depends on the type of wave. Based on the direction of propagation, waves are divided into two types, namely transverse waves and longitudinal waves.

Transverse waves are waves whose direction of propagation is perpendicular to the direction of vibration. Examples include water waves, string waves, and light waves. Meanwhile, longitudinal waves have a direction of propagation that is parallel to the direction of vibration, for example sound waves.

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The mass of water that can be obtained is 2.2 g of water.

We know that in the case that we have here, we are going to depend on the stoichiometry of the reaction and this is very important in the determination of the amount of the water that can be formed.

Now we can see that the reaction equation can be written from the fact that; [tex]2H_{2} (g) + O_{2} (g) ---- > 2H_{2} O(g)[/tex]. Then we can see that in this kind of chemical reaction we have to apply the stoichiometry.

Number of moles of the hydrogen = 14.8g/2 g/mol = 7.4 moles

Number of moles of oxygen = 34.8 g/32 g/mol = 1.1 moles

Given that 2 moles of hydrogen reacts with 1 mole of oxygen

7.4 moles of hydrogen reacts with 7.4 * 1/2

= 3.7 moles

Hence oxygen is the limiting reactant.

1 mole of oxygen produces 2 moles of water

1.1 moles of oxygen would produce 1.1 * 2/1

= 2.2 moles of water

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To neutralize a solution containing 0.32 g of NaOH in 40 cm3 requires 26.66 cm3 of 0,3 S. a. acid solution.

The quantity of moles per solution liter is how it is defined. It is utilized to calculate the number of grams that make up the solution's entire volume. It is utilized to calculate the mole ratio in the solution's overall volume. Normality is measured in units.

Calculation

How to calculate volume?

N1V1 = N2V2

normality = molarity x basicity

For sulfuric acid, the basicity is 2.

∴N1=0.3N

V1=?

Normality of NaOH is [0.32/(40×40)]×1000

N2=0.2×1=0.2N

V2=40ml

0.3 x V1 = 0.2 x 40

V1 = 26.6 cm³

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Cloud and dew both form when water vapor condenses. The last option.

Condensation is a phase-change process involving a change from the vapor phase to the liquid phase. It is the opposite of evaporation which involves a phase change from liquid to vapor.

Clouds are formed when microscopic water vapors present in the upper stratosphere condense to form visible water vapor or ice crystals. Dews, similarly, are formed when water vapors condense into visible liquids.

In other words, both clouds and dews are formed by the condensation of water vapors.

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The relative molecular mass of hydrated Copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) CuSO4.5H₂O is 249.

Molecular mass is a measure of the total mass of one mole of a substance, which is defined as the mass of the substance divided by the number of molecules it contains. It is typically expressed in g/mol and is also known as molar mass. Molecular mass is determined by the types and number of atoms that compose a molecule, and is an important factor in understanding the properties of a substance.

This is calculated by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms present in the compound.
The atomic mass of copper is 64, sulphur is 32, oxygen is 16, and hydrogen is 1.
So, the relative molecular mass of hydrated Copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) CuSO4.5H₂O is 64 + 32 + (16*4.5) + (1*5) = 249.

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Answer:

djffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffgk

Explanation:

jdrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

Answer:

Molecular formula = N2O4

Explanation:

Step 1: Assume that the mass of a compound is 100%

Step 2: Calculate the number of moles of each element

Step 3: Represent an empirical formula

Step 4: Divide the number of moles of each element by the least number of moles

Step 5: Write the empirical formula

Step 6: Calculate the empirical mass

Step 7: Represent a molecular formula

Step 8: Solve for n by dividing molecular mass by empirical mass

Step 9: Multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula by the value of n to obtain the molecular formula

The mass of lead present in 6.0 × 10³ g if the lead content is 0.62 ppm is 0.0037 g of lead.

One part per million (ppm) concentration is equivalent to 1 milligram of a solute per liter of water (mg/l) or 1 milligram of something per kilogram soil (mg/kg).

The mass of lead present in 6.0 × 10³ g if the lead content is 0.62 ppm is calculated as follows:

Mass of lead  in blood = 0.62 * 1 mg/kg * 6.0 × 10³ g / 1000

Mass of lead in blood = 0.0037 g of lead

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Complete question:

The “normal” lead content in human blood is about 0.40 part per million (that is, 0.40 g of lead per million grams of blood). A value of 0.80 part per million (ppm) is considered to be dangerous. How many grams of lead are contained in 6.0 × 10³ g of blood (the amount in an average adult) if the lead content is 0.62 ppm?

The new Vapor pressure of the dietheylether is  6.52 atm.

We have to note that the vapor pressure would have to do with the ease with which the substance can be converted from liquid to vapor. In this case we can see that we have about two different temperatures and we are trying to obtain the vapor pressure at each of the temperatures that have been given.

Using the formula;

ln(P2/P1) = -ΔHvap/R(1/T2 - 1/T1)

P2 = final pressure

P1 = initial pressure

ΔHvap = Enthalpy of vaporization

R = constant

T = Temperature

ln(P2/0.703) = -29.1 * 10^3/8.314(1/354 - 1/298)

ln(P2/0.703) =  -3651.3(0.0028 - 0.0034)

ln(P2/0.703) = 2.19

(P2/0.703)  = e^2.19

P2 = e^2.19 * 0.73

P2 = 6.52 atm

It has a vapor pressure of about  6.52 atm.

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Answer:0+npipi/4+2npi

Explanation:

option (C) During the first 20 years, the population of deer increased.

In common parlance, a population is a distinct group of people who share a common citizenship, identity, or set of traits. A population is a sampling that is typical of a broader group of individuals (or even objects) that share one or more characteristics.

The entire group of organisms and the natural setting in which they live together make up an ecosystem. Through nutrient cycles and energy exchanges, these biotic and abiotic elements are interconnected. Through photosynthesis, energy enters the system and is absorbed into plant tissue.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The two terms in the sequence are 16 and 13.

When adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binds an additional phosphate group to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), this type of reaction is considered as Phosphorylation.

The terminal oxygen atom of the disphosphate group of ADP attacks the P atom of an inorganic phosphate in a process called phosphorylation. In the biological cell, ATPs are synthesized from ADP through (1) substrate level phosphorylation and (2) oxidative phosphorylation.

Substrate level phosphorylation, which occurs in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, involves the direct phosphorylation of ADP. This process uses the free energy released from a coupled reaction. On the other hand, oxidative phosphorylation harvests the energy from the proton gradient of the mitochondria.

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The velocity of the prototype should be (Fr x √(g x (1:30L))).

Prototype is a preliminary version of a product or system that is used to test features, functionality, and design before a final version is released. It is a way to quickly and cheaply test ideas, evaluate feedback, and provide proof-of-concept for a product or system.

The Froude number for the model and prototype is given by the equation, Fr = V/√(gL), where V is the velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and L is the length of the prototype. For the model, V is 1:30 times the velocity of the prototype.
Therefore, the velocity of the prototype, Vp, can be calculated as:
Vp = (Vm x 30)/1

= (Fr x √(gL)) x 30/1

= (Fr x √(g x (1:30L)))
Where Vm is the velocity of the model and L is the length of the prototype.
Therefore, the velocity of the prototype should be (Fr x √(g x (1:30L))).

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