In the experiment on spontaneous generation, if Pasteur had just warmed the nutrient-rich broth, rather than boiled it, the likely outcome of his experiment would have been that: Cells would have appeared in both flasks.
The spontaneous generation experiment was conducted in the year 1859 by Louis Pasteur where he boiled the nutrient broth and deduced that when it was exposed to direct air, the broth decomposed and showed growth of small microorganisms in it.
Cell is the most fundamental unit of the living organisms. It is divided into two categories: prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. The eukaryotic cell is the advanced cell types which has further two classes: plant cell and animal cell.
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the anthrax toxin was found to interfere with adenylate cyclase. at which point in the cell signaling pathway would this toxin interrupt normal cell signaling? (1 point)
The point in which the cell signaling pathway would this toxin interrupts normal cell signaling is : the second messenger action.
What is anthrax toxin?The bacteria Bacillus anthracis, which is the primary cause of anthrax, secretes the three-protein anthrax toxin. Harry Smith made the initial discovery of the toxin in 1954.
The capacity of cells to react to outside stimuli is known as cell signaling. Examples include changes in gene expression during various phases of development, the healing of wounds following an injury, and immune system activation in response to pathogens. There are four main categories for receptor-ligand interactions and signaling pathway activation: autocrine, endocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.
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question 29 the lelior pathway of galactose metabolism is shown. galactosemia is a condition that results in the accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate. which enzyme is defective in galactosemia? a. galactose-1,6-bisphosphokinase b. hexokinase c. galactokinase d. galactose-1-uridylyltransferase
The enzyme which is defective in the galactosemia is galactose-1,6-bisphosphokinase. Thus, option A is correct.
What is galactosemia?Galactosemia is a condition that results in the accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate. Affected animals given a galactokinase inhibitor do not experience toxicity.
Inhibiting galactokinase will decrease the levels of the galactose 1‑phosphate. Catalyzes has been considered as the first and committed step of the Leloir pathway involving the conversion of galactose to glucose. It causes phosphorylation of α-D-galactose to galactose 1‑phosphate.
Therefore, The enzyme which is defective in the galactosemia is galactose-1,6-bisphosphokinase. Thus, option A is correct.
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stimulation in hillary's brain resulted in a massive overabundance of synapses, many of which served identical functions. neurons that were seldom stimulated lost their synapses in a process called .
The stimulation in Hillary's brain resulted in a massive overabundance of synapses, many of which served identical functions. Neurons that were seldom stimulated lost their synapses in a process called synaptic pruning.
Synaptic pruning is a process that occurs during development in which the brain eliminates synapses that are not being used. It helps to optimize neural circuits, increasing the efficiency and specificity of neural communication.
During this process, the brain eliminates the synapses that are not being used and strengthens the ones that are, allowing for the most efficient communication possible. Synaptic pruning can be seen as a mechanism that optimizes neural circuits and increases the efficiency and specificity of neural communication.
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Inherited traits are passed down from our parents to us, their offspring, by the information that is coded in our parents’ _____.
which is not a function of proteins? choose one: a. acting as molecular motors b. encoding genetic information c. providing cells with structural support d. catalyzing biochemical reactions e. encasing certain viruses
Answer:
Encasing certain viruses is not a function of proteins. Proteins are complex molecules consisting of chains of amino acids, and they can act as molecular motors, encode genetic information, provide cells with structural support, and catalyze biochemical reactions.
Explanation:
Which of the following describes a relationship in which one organism depends on another for its needs?A rabbit burrowing in the groundA hawk catching and eating a mouseA frog cooling off in a pondAn oak tree absorbing sunlight for food
Answer:
A hawk catching and eating a mouse best describes a relationship in which one organism depends on another for its needs.
the copy of the instructions that is able to leave the nucleus
MRNA is a copy of the instructions that can leave the nucleus.
Genes are kept in a locked room called the nucleus deep inside a cell. Ribosomes, the machines that assemble proteins, live outside the nucleus, in a chemical soup known as the cytosol. This spatial separation is a logistical challenge for the cell. A ribosome requires the instructions in a gene to assemble the corresponding protein, but genes are locked inside the nucleus.
The instructions in a gene (written in DNA nucleotide language) are transcribed into a portable gene known as an mRNA transcript. These mRNA transcripts leave the nucleus and travel to the ribosomes, where they deliver the instructions for protein assembly. Gene transcription is the process of producing mRNA transcripts (portable genes).
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Module 45: Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn (pg. 460-470) Developmental Psychology: 3 major issues in developmental psych (name and define): Prenatal Development and the Newborn Zygotes:
The three major issues that have occupied developmental psychologists are:
Nature and NurtureContinuity and stagesStability and changeExplanations of the 3 major themes of developmental psychology:
Nature vs. Nurture is one of the most important issues in developmental psychology, and it refers to the debate over whether development is mainly influenced by genetic factors or by environmental factors. The Continuity vs. Stages debate refers to the debate over whether development is a gradual and continuous process, or if it occurs in distinct stages. The Stability vs. Change debate is concerned with whether development is mostly stable over time, or if it is constantly changing. All of these issues are important for understanding how humans develop, and how to best support and guide that development.Learn more about developmental psychology:
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which characteristics are common to snails and slugs? choose all correct answers. responses stalked eyes and antennae stalked eyes and antennae foot on the underside of the belly for movement foot on the underside of the belly for movement radula radula tentacles extending from the body
Response eyes and antennae on a stalk antennae and stalked eyes on the belly's underside to detect movement putting a foot on the tummy to move it radula The radula's body is covered in protruding tentacles. radula. putting a foot on the belly's bottom to shift it. antennae and eyes on a stalk.
How do tentacles work?Some animal species—mostly invertebrate ones—possess the flexible, mobile, and extended tentacle. Tentacles typically come in one or even more pairs in animal anatomy.
Describe an antenna?A metallic object called an antenna is used to receive and/or broadcast radio waves.
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what features of meiosis allow for independent assortment of chromosomes? multiple choice separation of sister chromatids reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid random alignment of homologous sister chromatids on the metaphase plate both the separation of sister chromatids and the reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid
The features of meiosis that allow for independent assortment of chromosomes are the random alignment of homologous sister chromatids on the metaphase plate. So the correct option is C.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cellular reproduction that occurs in the gonads in order to produce gametes (eggs and sperm). In this process, the diploid cell (containing two pairs of chromosomes) undergoes two consecutive divisions, which will produce four haploid cells.
What happens then in metaphase I is that the homologous pairs are going to separate where the random separation occurs, which helps the independent assortment of chromosomes. For this they are going to align in the equator of the cell, to later be dragged by the spindle fibers in the next phase.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is C. random alignment of homologous sister chromatids on the metaphase plate.
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What features of meiosis allow for independent assortment of chromosomes? multiple choice
A. separation of sister chromatids
B. reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid
C. random alignment of homologous sister chromatids on the metaphase plate
D. both the separation of sister chromatids and the reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid
Which factor is important in making it possible to cool yourself by sweating? Think carefully!
A. (a) Molecules collide with varied angles and speeds.
B. (b) Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak.
C. (c) Water has more energy at the body surface.
D. Both (a) and (b).
E. (a), (b), and (c).
Because of the different angles and speeds at which molecules contact, you can sweat to cool yourself off.
What materials make up a human body?More than 99 percent of the atoms in your body are made up of the four most prevalent elements: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. Your body has them all, largely as water but also as parts of biomolecules including proteins, lipids, DNA, and carbs.
How do you characterize a person's body?Alternative terms include lean, wiry, tiny, lanky, skinny, and slim. Generally speaking, being thin, slim, or slender is more favorable than being skinny, which is frequently used as a derogatory or pejorative term. Slender and wiry describe someone who is both muscular AND lean.
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haloperidol is a drug that interferes with the transmission of dopamine among neurons. what effect would it probably have on someone who is suffering
It would exacerbate the symptoms.The drug haloperidol treats schizophrenia by acting on the brain.
Haloperidol causes no change in dopamine level, a minor rise in extracellular dopamine, a slightly bigger rise in extracellular DOPAC, a greater increase in tissue DOPAC, and a significant increase in the rate of dopamine synthesis.It would exacerbate the symptoms. The drug haloperidol treats schizophrenia by acting on the brain. It is often referred to as a conventional antipsychotic or the first generation antipsychotic (FGA). Dopamine is balanced again by haloperidol, which enhances cognition, mood, and behaviour. Aggression, delusions, and hallucinations are reduced, and it has a relaxing effect. The long-term treatment of psychotic diseases like schizophrenia involves the use of haloperidol. Additionally, it is utilised in the short term to treat extreme anxiety and violent, risky, or disturbed behaviour.
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In a food chain, with each feeding relationship, the energy transferred from one organism to another will(1 point)
a)remain constant.
b)be independent of the level.
c)increase.
d)decrease.
In a food chain, the energy transferred from one organism to another will decrease.
In ecology, the food chain is the flow of substance and energy from one organism to another in the form of food. Due to the fact that most species consume more than one kind of animal or plant, food chains locally entangle to form a food web. The main source of food is plants since they use photosynthesis to turn solar energy into food. A flesh-eating animal consumes a plant-eating species in a predator chain. In a parasite chain, a smaller organism partially consumes a larger host and may even become a parasite on itself. Microorganisms in a saprophytic chain consume dead organic substances to survive.
Chains typically do not include more than four or five trophic levels because energy, in the form of heat, is lost at each step or trophic level. By eliminating one link in the food chain—the consumption of cereal grains by humans rather than by animals that eat them—people can boost the global food supply. The total amount of energy accessible to the final consumers increases as the food chain is shortened.
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how do body systems help animals survive cold temperatures? choose an animal and a body system and tell me how it survives the cold with that system.
Through the skin, heat is lost from the body. In the cold, wearing layers of clothing helps you keep your body warm. For warmth retention and protection from the cold, other mammals may rely on fat layers or a fur coat. animals with big ears and long tails don't live in very cold regions.
According to National Park Service, animals, insects, and plants have three main tactics to endure low temperatures: migration, hibernation, and resistance (tolerance). Let's investigate all these in greater depth. Animals with cold blood also hibernate. Through the skin, heat is lost from the body. In the cold, wearing layers of clothing helps you keep your body warm. For warmth retention and protection from the cold, other mammals may rely on fat layers or a fur coat. animals with big ears and long tails don't live in very cold regions.However, because they expend less energy than warm-blooded animals, they have a lower need to store fat. For up to six months at a time, turtles and frogs burrow themselves in the mud beneath lakes and ponds, appearing to be dead to all outward appearances. There are no visible signs of life outside.
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Depending on the type of cell injured by radiation, the biologic effects of radiation can be classified as _________ or ______
Depending on the type of cell injured by radiation, the biological effects of radiation can be classified as radiation or exposure.
The main health risks from radiation exposure include cancer and genetic damage. Compared to a genetic effect, cancer would be around five times more likely. Chromosome alterations, stillbirths, congenital disorders, and infant and young child mortality are examples of genetic consequences.
The dosage, or the amount of energy physically deposited in your body, is the most crucial element. The extent of the biological harm increases as cells absorb more energy. Radiation dose is the term used by health physicists to describe the quantity of energy received by the body.
Atoms in a DNA molecule can directly interact with ionizing radiation. Cells are unable to reproduce as a result. Direct action can harm vital cellular systems as well. It may occasionally even cause cancer.
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organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy are called
Organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy are called heterotrophic organism.
Heterotrophic organisms are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter. This includes animals, most fungi, and some protists and bacteria. They obtain energy by breaking down complex molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins found in the organisms or organic matter they consume. This process is known as cellular respiration and it is how heterotrophic organisms obtain the energy they need to survive and carry out their life processes.
These organisms are basically consumers that gain their energy just by eating autotrophs that fix environmental energy.
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where is the oxygen we breathe in produced from? from water in respiration reactions from water used in the photolysis reaction from the krebs cycle in mitochondria from chlorophyll
The reactions that occur when water is used in photolysis to create oxygen, which humans breathe, occur.
In photosynthesis, what function does photolysis serve?Chlorophyll, a particular type of photosynthetic pigment, absorbs light during this phase of photosynthesis and transforms it into chemical energy in the granum of either a chloroplast. Oxygen & hydrogen molecules are broken apart by this reaction with water (H2O).
The term "photolysis of water" means what?Proton, electron, & oxygen are produced when water molecules split in the presence of light. Thylakoid sac lumen is where it is found. After reducing NADP with protons, photosystem II receives electrons.
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In cats, the bones in the legs involved in walking are very similar to the bones of whales' flippers that are involved in swimming. These are examples of _______.
Homologous structures. Analogous organs perform similarly to homologous structures; both share a common embryonic origin.
These two structures are not comparable. Although they are not identical, a butterfly's wings and a bird's wings are similar. Serial homologous refers to a circumstance where two or more parts or components are substantially the same in terms of construction but have been altered to serve distinct purposes. Bat wings and whale flippers are two examples of this. This commonality is crucial because it indicates that humans and bats have a recent common ancestor during evolution. For instance, the bones in a human arm are similar to those in a whale's front flipper.
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if a scientist discovers a new monkey in paraguay, its genome will probably be most similar to that of
If a scientist discovers a new monkey in Paraguay, its genome will likely be most similar to that of its closest relatives, the titi monkeys.
Titi monkeys, or Callicebus, are a genus of New World monkeys found in the tropical forests of northern South America and southern Mexico. These primates are highly social, living in monogamous pairs or small family groups, and have a unique suite of physical and behavioral characteristics.
The discovery of a new monkey in Paraguay would provide a chance to explore the genetic basis of these traits. To compare the newly discovered species with its closest relatives, the scientist would need to sequence its genome and compare it with the genomes of titi monkeys.
By comparing the genomes of the two species, scientists can gain insight into how their behaviors and physical characteristics evolved. For example, genetic information can provide clues about the factors that led to the development of different vocalizations among titi monkeys, or how their diet has changed over time.
Additionally, comparing the genomes of the two species can provide valuable insight into how species adapt to their environment. By comparing the genes that are expressed differently between the two species, scientists can gain insight into how they have responded to changes in their environment.
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Comparing the glenohumeral and femoroacetabular joints: a. the femoroacetabular joint has a larger labrum. b. the glenohumeral joint allows more types of movements. c. he femoroacetabular joint is more likely to dislocate. d. the glenohumeral joint has a deeper socket.
Comparing glenohumeral and Femoroacetabular joints: a. the Femoroacetabular joint has a larger labrum.
What is glenohumeral and Femoroacetabular joints?The glenohumeral joint, which consists of a complex, dynamic articulation between the proximal humerus and the glenoid of the scapula, is a ball-and-socket joint. Particularly, the glenoid cavity (or fossa) of the scapula is in touch with the head of the humerus.
The hip joint, also known as the femoroacetabular joint, is a ball-and-socket joint that connects the femur, the thighbone, to the pelvis. The socket, also known as the acetabulum, is formed by the pelvic bone's hollow and the upper portion ("head") of the femur, a round ball.
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DONE
can form four bonds with other atoms and is used as a building block for larger molecules.
often appears in energy-storage molecules.
helps complete chemical bonding in almost every molecule in the body.
Answer:
yes u can by the element that you are describing is Carbon
Explanation:
The element that you are describing is Carbon. Carbon atoms can form four chemical bonds with other atoms, making it a versatile building block for larger molecules such as sugars, amino acids, and lipids. It also often appears in energy-storage molecules such as carbohydrates and fats. Carbon plays an essential role in the biochemistry of living organisms and helps complete chemical bonding in almost every molecule in the body.
Answer:
✔ Carbon
can form four bonds with other atoms and is used as a building block for larger molecules.
✔ Phosphorus
often appears in energy-storage molecules.
✔ Hydrogen
helps complete chemical bonding in almost every molecule in the body.
Explanation:
edge
if a sperm nucleus is injected into an oocyte, what steps of gametogenesis and conception are bypassed?
Sperm head development and activation, oocyte development, and formation of polar bodies
Gametogenesis includes spermatogenesis & oogenesis. It includes three phases - Multiplication Phase - In this phase, the diploid germ cell divides by mitosis to form diploid oogonia in oogenesis & spermatogonia in spermatogenesis.
Growth Phase - This phase involves only growth in size. It is the longest phase. It results in the formation of the primary oocyte in oogenesis and primary spermatocyte in spermatogenesis.
Maturation Phase - This phase involves meiotic division and it is divided into two phases -
Maturation - I - The diploid primary oocyte/ spermatocyte divides by meiosis-I to form two haploid secondary spermatocytes in spermatogenesis and in oogenesis one secondary oocyte & one polar body is formed.
Maturation - II - In spermatogenesis, the two secondary spermatocytes divide by meiosis-II to form four haploid spermatids which finally convert into four haploid sperms. In oogenesis, the secondary oocyte divides by meiosis-II to form one haploid ootid and one haploid polar body-II.
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List and describe out the 4 principles of natural selection
The four main principles of natural selection of a species population include variation, overproduction, adaptation, and descent with modifications.
What are the principles of Natural selection?Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change with time. Individuals in a population are naturally variable in an environment, meaning that they are all different in some way or the other. This variation means that some individuals have traits which are better suited to the environment than others.
Natural selection is based on four main principles which are variation, overproduction, adaptation, and descent with modification.
Variation is defined as any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any kind of species. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population, but mechanisms such as sexual reproduction and gene flow contribute to it as well.
Overproduction occurs as a result of large production of a species. This results into increase in a population.
Adaptations are the changes in the physical or genetic makeup of a species which help them to survive better in an environmental condition.
Descent with modification means that traits are passed down from one generation to the next generation and sometimes it also undergo changes or modifications over time. These modifications may be caused through Natural Selection or even a mutation of DNA.
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15. sarah finds herself in the middle of the amazon rainforest with different ecosystems. what type of ecological unit is she in? a. biosphere b. biome c. south america d. abiogenesis
She is a particular species within a biome. Sarah discovers herself in a diverse ecosystem in the midst of the Amazon rainforest.
What are the principal 5 ecologies?There are five main types of biomes: water, grassland, woodland, desert, and tundra. Several of these biomes can also be subdivided into more precise categories, including such freshwater, marine, savannah, tropical rainforest, moderate rainforest, and taiga.
Which big ecosystems are there?The seven major ecosystems are the freshwater ecosystem, marine ecosystem, tundra ecosystem, and forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystems are made up of biotic and abiotic environmental factors that cohabit with plants, animals, and microorganisms.
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The death rate of organisms in a population exhibiting a type III survivorship curve is:
a. unrelated to age.
b. usually correlated with density-independent causes.
c. higher in the post-reproductive than in the pre-reproductive years.
d. lower after the organisms survive beyond the earliest age groups.
e. more or less constant throughout their lives.
The death rate of organisms in a population exhibiting a type III survivorship curve is
d. lower after the organisms survive beyond the earliest age groups
A survivorship curve is a graph that displays the number or percentage of individuals for a certain species or group that survive to each age (e.g. males or females). Based on a life table, survival curves for a certain cohort (a collection of people about the same age) can be created.Which of the three survivorship curve kinds are they?
People with Type I survivability have high survival rates throughout their whole life spans. The proportion of deaths over time is constant in populations with Type II survival. Young-onset mortality is extremely high in populations with Type III survival.
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an oocyte is an immature reproductive cell found in many sexually reproducing organisms. A crawfish oocyte has a radius of approximately 1mm, while a human oocyte is much smaller and has a radius of about 0.05mm
Surface area of a sphere: A = 4πr2
Assuming both cell types are perfectly spherical, how many times larger is the surface area of a crawfish oocyte compared to the surface area of a human oocyte?
answer choices
100 times larger
200 times larger
300 times larger
400 times larger
Assuming both cell types are perfectly spherical, the surface area of a crawfish oocyte is 400 times larger than the surface area of a human oocyte. Here option D is the correct answer.
The surface area of a sphere is given by the formula A = 4πr^2. To compare the surface area of two spheres, we need to use the ratio of the surface area of one sphere to the surface area of the other sphere.
Surface area of the crawfish oocyte = 4π(1mm)^2 = 4πmm^2
Surface area of the human oocyte = 4π(0.05mm)^2 = 4π(0.0025mm^2)
The ratio of the surface area of the crawfish oocyte to the human oocyte is:
(4πmm^2) / (4π(0.0025mm^2))
= 1 / 0.0025
= 400
Therefore, the surface area of the crawfish oocyte is 400 times larger than the surface area of the human oocyte. So the answer would be 400 times larger.
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rank these items from most acidic to least acidic. to rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
pH = 14 ; [H3O+] = 10^-16 ; pH = 3 ; [H3O+] = 10^-2 ; pH = 5
pH = 3 ; [H3O+] = 10^-2, pH = 5, pH = 14 ; [H3O+] = 10^-16. These items are ranked from most acidic to least acidic. To rank items as equivalent, they are overlapped.
The pH scale is a measure of acidity, with lower pH values indicating higher acidity and higher pH values indicating lower acidity. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H3O+]).
So, a pH of 3 corresponds to a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^-3 moles/liter, which is more acidic than a pH of 5, which corresponds to a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^-5 moles/liter. Similarly, pH 14 corresponds to a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^-14 moles/liter, which is less acidic than pH 5.
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The elbow is also referred to as the—
The elbow is also referred to as the ulna.
What are the functions of ulna?The ulna is the longer of the two bones in your forearm. It helps you move your arm, wrist and hand. Your ulna also supports lots of important muscles, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels.
The main function of the ulna, along with the radius, is to assist with rotation. This rotation allows for the maximal function of the wrist and hand due to the increased range of motion.
The sole motion of the elbow joint is flexion and extension, otherwise known as bending and straightening the arm. The arm is made up of three bones: the upper arm bone (humerus) and two forearm bones (the ulna and the radius).
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the use of cyclic amp to mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue is analogous to cyclic amps role in mobilization of sugars from glycogen in the liver. group of answer choices true false
True , Fatty acids are released from adipose tissue via triacylglycerol hydrolysis. The hydrolytic enzyme, hormone sensitive lipase, is activated to start the process (HSL). HSL is a phospho-dephospho enzyme that works in the phosphorylation process. -
When the body demands energy during times of stress, fatty acids are released from adipose cells and mobilized. The process starts when glucagon and adrenaline levels in the blood rise and bind to particular receptors on the surface of fat cells.
The glycerol and free fatty acids are subsequently released into the bloodstream. The circulating hormones insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine, and epinephrine modulate the activity of hormone sensitive lipase.
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In the past, the IOC has employed two genetic sex-determination tests. The Barr body test screens for the presence of two X chromosomes. In XX somatic cells, one copy of the X chromosome condenses into a largely inactive structure called a Barr body, which can be seen using a light microscope. In more recent years, a polymerase chain reaction-based screen has been used to amplify the DNA sequence of the SRY gene, which is found only on the Y chromosome. Based on their karyotypes, what would be the outcome of these two tests for each of the four individuals
Male control: no SRY sequence, no Barr body; female control: SRY sequence, but no Barr body.
Why do Barr bodies occur?A typical female's somatic cells randomly deactivate a single of the X chromosomes, which is the cause of this. In the cell nucleus, a tiny, dark-staining structure called the Barr body represents this inactive X chromosome.
Barr body positive: What is it?The Barr body, which was first termed by Barr and Bertem, is a mass of inactivated X chromatin that is present against with the nuclear membrane un females (1949). Those Barr bodies are lacking in males who are thought to have chromatin negative genome and present in 40% percent females who are thought to have chromatin positively chromatin.
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