Answer:28496371.
Explanation:
Pelagibacter ubique is a prominent species of bacteria that are free floating in the oceans of the world; as free-floaters they are _________.
Pelagibacter ubique strain HTCC1062 is known to be one of the smallest and simplest self-replicating and free-living cells. It is part of the SAR11 clade, small heterotrophic alphaproteobacterial that constitute approximately 25% of all microbial planktonic cells. During the summer months, up to about 50% of temperate ocean cells can rise (12). P. ubique has a surface coastal ecotype that inhabits nutrient-poor habitats. The first cultured member of the SAR11 group (the most successful group of organisms), P. ubique, has been fully sequenced and has the smallest genome (1,308,759 bp) among free-living organisms and a predicted open reading Minimum number of frames. (ORF) . Unlike bacteria and archaea, which also have small genomes, P. ubique has complete biosynthetic pathways for all 20 amino acids. Also, there are no pseudogenes, introns, transposons, extrachromosomal elements, or inteins . In other words, P. ubique lacks duplicate gene copies, viral genes, and junk DNA . Its genome is about the same size as the intracellular parasites R. conorii and W. pipientis, but its metabolic functions are very simple . The shorter the length of DNA you copy in each generation, the less work you have to do . Although P. ubique microorganisms are numerous in the ocean, mutations have not been an issue due to the fact that they are largely self-sufficient. Research to explain this phenomenon is ongoing.
P. I have a better understanding of ubique. It's a simple microbe, and a sophisticated understanding tells us what it needs for self-cell replication.
P. ubique was first isolated in 2002 by a team at Oregon State University from the surface waters of the Sargasso Sea and Oregon coast, where SAR11 is named. First culture of P. It was ubiquitous with high-throughput dilution-to-extinction (HTC) culture using natural seawater media for dilution. Cultures were grown periodically in autoclaved seawater to reach typical cell densities, approximately 10^6 cells/ml, similar to natural populations. In collaboration with Diversa Corporation, we used liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the presence of the proteorhodopsin gene in culture , which was abundant in the Oregon coast. The proteorhodopsin gene is a light-dependent proton pump that provides energy for microbial metabolism.
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an analogy of the three boundaries plate tectonics we observe daily
The three boundaries of plate tectonics we observe daily are
Divergent borders are regions where new crust is formed when tectonic plates move apart from one another and diverge.
Convergent borders are areas where the crust is eroded away when one tectonic plate submerges under another.
Transform boundaries, the crust is neither created nor destroyed when tectonic plates glide horizontally past one other. These limits are also known as transform zone boundaries.
This is further explained below.
What is an analogy for plate tectonics?Generally, Another aspect of this phenomenon is the shifting of the planet's tectonic plates. The movement of a plate may be thought of as being analogous to that of a conveyor belt.
In conclusion, The "tectonics" component of plate tectonics refers to the motion of the plates and the locations at which they move.
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what is mean observation?
A biologist discovers a seed-bearing plant that has never been classified. Which feature will help him determine whether the plant is a gymnosperm or an angiosperm?.
The biologist should check the female structures of the plant, if the egg is enclosed in a protective structure.
Seed plants come under the sub-division Spermatophytes. They usually have a special structure that produce the male and female gametes. The gametes undergo a process called fertilization, forming an embryo enclosed inside a seed. Depending on the nature of the seed, seed bearing plants can be classified into angiosperms and gymnosperms.
GymnospermsGymnosperms have exposed seeds. They bear their seeds on special structures called cones. After fertilization, the seeds are produced on the cone, after which it gets carried away by wind or animals.
AngiospermsAngiosperms bear their seeds on special reproductive structures called flowers. The male gamete called pollen can be produced on the same or a different flower. It fertilizes the female gamete in the ovule, where it forms the seed. After fertilization, the rest of the flower forms a protective covering for the seed called a fruit.
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The tissue found covering body surfaces, lining body cavities, forming the internal and external linings of many organs, and constituting most gland tissue is tissue.
The epithelium is a kind of body tissue that covers all of the internal and exterior body surfaces, lines hollow organs and body cavities, and makes up the majority of glandular tissue.
What kind of tissue is a connective tissue that mostly consists of adipocytes?Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue where fat cells, or adipocytes, predominate. The name "adipose tissue" is often reserved for huge masses (grossly apparent) of these cells because the majority of loose connective tissue contains sporadic clusters of adipocytes.
The four fundamental kinds of tissue are connective, epithelial, muscular, and nervous. Providing a covering is epithelial tissue (skin, the linings of the various passages inside the body).
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Starch is the storage form of glucose in ________, glycogen is the storage form in ________.
Answer:
starch is the storage form of glucose in plants
glycogen is the storage form primarily in livers and muscles
Which of the following is an example of a biological pest control method?
Crop rotation
Cultivating between rows
Pre-emergent herbicide application
Introducing natural enemies of pests
Which units are used in a pyramid of numbers?
A.) m/s2
B.) Kilocalories
C.) g C/m2
D.) Individuals
Subject is environmental science
The unit used in a pyramid of number is (d) individuals.
Pyramid of number is a type of graphical representation that shows how many number of organisms are present in each trophic level. This pyramid cannot have a constant shape as the the population of each species belonging to a specific trophic level changes from one ecosystem to another. Hence the pyramid can be of three types bases on shape: upright, inverted or partly upright.
Individual is one single organism of any species. Since the pyramid of number counts the total number of organisms in each trophic level, therefore individual is the correct unit for it.
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Cells in the body use oxygen for cellular respiration. Select the two sentences that correctly describe cellular respiration.
Cells in the body use oxygen for cellular respiration two sentences that correctly describe cellular respiration: -
ATP is produced
Carbon dioxide is released
The process through which cells transform fuel into energy and nutrition is known as cellular respiration. Cells need fuel and an electron acceptor to power the chemical process that converts the energy from the fuel into a form that can be used by the cell, such as ATP and other kinds of energy.Alternative names include tissue respiration and cellular respiration. Through the process of cellular respiration, organisms mix oxygen with food molecules, directing the chemical energy contained in these substances toward life-sustaining processes while excreting carbon dioxide and water as waste.To know more about cellular respiration, visit:
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Which organelle would play the most direct role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by a phagocytic white blood cell?.
similarity between f1 generation and p generation
F1 generation refers to the first filial generation of the offspring from the parents, while F2 generation is the second filial generation of the offspring, generated through the inbreeding of F1 individuals. The F1 generation results from cross-pollination of two-parent (P) plants and contained all purple flowers. The F2 generation results from the self-pollination of F1 plants and contained 75% purple flowers and 25% white flowers. This type of experiment is known as a monohybrid cross.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between the dna double helix during replication?
Answer:
I think that's helicase
True or false: electrolytes move freely across the cell membrane, whereas water requires a special channel or protein.
False. Electrolytes and water cannot move across the cell membrane freely. They always need a channel.
Electrolytes and water move across the cell membrane only through the protein channels.
In the cell, if there is a high concentration of electrolytes, then the fluids start moving into the compartments. This process is called osmosis.
However, if the concentration of electrolytes is low, the fluids start moving out to adjust the balance.
Facilitated diffusion occurs happens with the help of protein-based channels.
These protein channels allow the passage of fluids and salutes along the concentration gradient.
These protein channels have special gates which open and close as per concentration gradient.
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most amphibians either ____ or ____ when the weather makes it hard for them to feel comfortable
Most amphibians either hibernate or aestivate when the weather makes it hard for them to feel comfortable.
Hibernation is the time period in which certain animals spend a phase of dormant state or inactive state due to extreme cold environment during winters. Aestivation is the opposite of hibernation. It is the phase of prolonged dormancy during the extreme hot weather of summers.
Both aestivation and hibernation are performed by cold-blooded animals. These are the animals that cannot maintain a stable internal environment. The examples of cold-blooded animals are: amphibians, reptiles and cartilaginous fishes. Some insects and worms are also cold-blooded.
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Parrotfish are herbivores that are found in coral reefs. To escape predation, a parrotfish will graze with a rabbitfish, which has venomous spines at the end of its pelvic fins. The rabbitfish does not benefit from this relationship. Which type of relationship do the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral-reef environment?.
The type of interaction between parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral-reef environment is Commensal/Commensalism.
What is commensalism?A relationship in which members of two different species depend on one another for food or other necessities without causing the other species any harm or gaining anything in return is known as commensalism.
The commensal, or species that gains from the connection, may take resources from the host species, which is unharmed, or find refuge, support, or means of movement. Frequently, a larger host and a smaller commensal are in a commensal relationship. The commensal species may exhibit significant morphological adaptation, whereas the host organism is virtually unaffected by the contact. Contrasting this relationship with mutualism, which benefits both species.
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Why do variations in generation time exist among different species of microorganisms?
Variations in generation time exist among different species of microorganisms because the optimal conditions will vary among species in any given environment.
In the field of microbiology, we can describe generation time as the time that is taken by a particular microorganism to divide.
Each microorganism requires some optimal conditions to divide. Some microorganisms might divide at higher temperatures, others at normal temperatures, and some at cold temperatures. Besides temperature, factors such as pH, nutrients, etc play important role in generation time.
Hence, different microorganisms will have different generation times in a particular environment. A microorganism having optimal conditions will have lesser generation time in an environment compared to a microorganism for which conditions are not optimal.
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Which tree species are shade-tolerant and considered competitors in their respective ecosystems?
From northern to southern geographic regions, trees have different tolerances for shade, such as sugar maple and ash in the eastern United States.
When young, most maples, oaks, and eastern white pines can tolerate greater shade, but as they get older, they become less tolerant.
Shade toleranceShade tolerance refers to a tree species' capacity to establish itself, develop, and survive in conditions of low light intensity, duration, and quality. When there is little light available, tolerant plants can thrive relatively well. Intolerant species cannot thrive in low light conditions, but thrive in conditions that are nearly as bright as full sunshine. Other species are more adaptable and are viewed as being more intermediate between environments with greater shade and full sunlight. Tolerant trees proliferate in forests and create understories beneath the canopies of more tolerant trees or even in their own shadow. Only in the open or in areas with significant canopy gaps can intolerant trees effectively propagate.Hence, sugar maple and ash are two examples of shade tolerant species.
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What pattern do you detect between the water temperature and the growth of the
organisms?
The aquatic life in a stream can be impacted by warm stream water. Different forms of aquatic life may not be able to survive in warm water because it contains less dissolved oxygen than cool water.
What is relation between temperature and organism?Because temperature affects the physical state of water, it has the greatest impact on how organisms are distributed.
Most organisms cannot survive in environments where the temperature is consistently below 0 °C or above 45 °C.
At warmer temperatures, some chemicals become more harmful to aquatic life.
Therefore, water temperature alter the growth of organism.
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I will give brailiest to whoever answers this.
Explanation:
27.The membrane is semi permeable so only some things are able to travel through the membrane.
a)the salt will move from salt high concentration to low concentration with its gradient through diffusion.
b)The glucose particles will stay where they are because they can not cross the membrane.
c)the water will also move from right to left due to osmosis. the water will want to make the concentration of glucose on both sides equal so it will move from a low to high concentration.
Answer:
Explanation:
I need the points.
In the stomach, _______________ operates in an _______________ environment. this is required to start unravelling the protein structure.
Protein and Acidic environment are the right options.
Digestion is that the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments. it's important to interrupt down macromolecules into small fragments of suitable size for absorption by the digestive epithelium. Large, complex molecules of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids must be reduced to simpler particles, like simple sugars, before being absorbed by digestive epithelial cells. Different organs play specific roles within the digestive process. Animal nutrition requires carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins and minerals for a diet. How each of those components is digested is described within the next section.
carbohydrate
Digestion of carbohydrates begins within the mouth. Amylase, an enzyme in saliva, begins to interrupt down dietary starch into the disaccharide maltose. Since the bolus travels through the esophagus to the stomach, no significant digestion of carbohydrates occurs. The esophagus doesn't produce digestive enzymes, but does produce mucus for lubrication. The acidic environment within the stomach stops the action of the enzyme amylase.
the following step in carbohydrate digestion takes place within the duodenum. Remember, chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum and mixes with digestive secretions from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The digestive juice also contains amylase, which continues to interrupt down starch and glycogen into the disaccharide maltose. I'm here. Disaccharides are diminished into monosaccharides by an enzyme called maltase
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Approximately how long did it take for the recessive allele to decline to half its initial frequency?
The time it will take for the recessive allele to decrease to half its initial frequency will depend on random mating.
What is recessive allele frequency?Allele frequency refers to the proportion of an allele at a locus that occurs in a specific population. This allele frequency is important when looking at the transmission of genes in a given population.
The sum of all the allele frequencies of a population must equal 1 and will be determined by random mating.
Therefore, we can confirm that the time it will take for the recessive allele to decrease to half its initial frequency will depend on random mating.
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When an individual perceives an event (stressor) as stressful, the _____________ controls the activation of the endocrine system and the (autonomic) nervous system?
Answer: hormones
Explanation: It uses hormones to control and coordinate your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood in your body.
2.
A tropical forest has several species of
mammals like deer, rabbits, and squirrels. The
rabbits feed on the grass, the deer feed on
relatively bigger plants, and the squirrels feed
on fruits and nuts. In this scenario, which of the
following statements is correct?
The scenario given in the questions describes the habits of herbivores in a tropical rainforest.
An animal is considered a herbivore if it only consumes plants for food. An herbivore is adapted physically and physiologically to consume plant material as the majority of its diets, such as foliage or marine algae. Herbivorous animals often have mouthparts adapted for rasping or grinding due to their diet of plants.To survive, herbivores require a lot of energy. The environment needs a lot of plants to nourish your herbivores. In the given example of a tropical rainforest, enough foliage is present in different varieties to nourish the animals thriving there such as deer, rabbits, and squirrels.Moreover, the eating habits of the above-mentioned herbivores are slightly different, i.e., rabbits eat grass, deer consume shrubs and squirrels consume fruits and nuts. This reduces the competition between the three species to survive in the same ecosystem.
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What other molecules would you have to add to the test tube in order for the ribosomes to make polypeptides?
Other molecules to be added in test tube are amino acids, mRNAs, tRNAs, amino acyl-tRNA synthetases, and a source of ATP. A molecule is two or more atoms linked together by chemical bonds that form the smallest unit of a substance that retains its composition and properties.
What you know about ribosomes?A ribosome is a micro-machine that produces proteins. Ribosomes are made up of unique proteins and nucleic acids. The TRANSLATION OF INFORMATION and AMINO ACIDS LINKING are central to the protein production process. A ribosome is a small organelle that is involved in the process of producing protein, which is known as protein synthesis. The ribosome is in charge of translation, which is the second step in protein synthesis. Ribosomes can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleolus is a spherical structure found in the nucleus of cells that produces and assembles the cell's ribosomes.Ribosomal RNA genes are also transcribed in the nucleolus.To know more about ribosomes refer to:
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Animals can be trained to perform many behaviors through _____; that is, by providing well-timed rewards as the animals progressively better approximate the desired behaviors.
Animals can be trained to perform many behaviors through shaping; that is, by providing well-timed rewards as the animals progressively better approximate the desired behaviors.
In the field of psychology, shaping can be described as using reinforcement in order to learn or teach new behaviors. By learning new behaviors, a specified target behavior can be achieved.
In animals, the method of shaping is used in order to teach them the desired behavior. The animals are taught progressively behaviors that will eventually lead to attaining the desired behavior. Through each progression, the animals are given rewards so that they are motivated to learn more and work harder towards learning the desired behavior.
The method of shaping is the best for training animals as they can learn easily through reinforcements.
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If you were working with a protein that needed a certain ph to work, what would you need in the solution containing the protein? salt acid buffer carbon dioxide
Buffer is what you would need in the solution containing protein that needed a certain pH to work.
Based on the pKa values of the amino acids in a protein, a solution's pH determines the physical states of the proteins it contains (charge, etc.). The ranges in which some proteins are stable or will bind to other proteins differ from protein to protein. Utilizing suitable buffer systems will keep them stable and active.
The pH of the buffer solution must be within 1.0 pH unit of the pI, or isoelectric point, of the protein in order to maintain protein stability. To change the pH of the protein in your solution, add a buffer. Protein precipitates after the addition of an acid or base.
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Never remove chemicals or other equipment from the laboratory ? true or false
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
It's theirs
Because families often are unaware of professional standards of excellence, when
it comes to judging their the quality of their children's childcare center, they tend
to:
A think that the center is worse than it really is
B
D
think that the center has no standards
think that the center is better than it really is
not have an opinion about the center's quality
Because families often are unaware of professional standards of excellence, when it comes to judging their the quality of their children's childcare center, option C: they tend to think that the center is better than it really is.
What are daycare centers?Children are cared for in groups of other children, often those of the same age, in classroom-like settings at child care centers.
A lot of adults are known to be present in child care facilities.
Therefore due to the fact that families often are unaware of professional standards of excellence, they center is better than it really is because they have no knowledge about it.
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Which does Kepler’s second law state about planetary motion?
Answer:
I would say that Kepler’s second law of planetary motion implies That a planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun.According to Kepler's Second Law, the imaginary line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas of space during equal time intervals as the planet orbits. Basically, that planets do not move with constant speed along their orbits. This law explains the speed of a planet traveling in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Kepler’s second law of planetary motion implies a planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun.
Explanation:
Many fish are able to survive during winter beneath a layer of ice. this is because their blood contains a high percentage of what type of organic molecule that prevents freezing?
Many fish are able to survive during winter beneath a layer of ice. this is because their blood contains a high percentage of unsaturated fat and antifreezing protein that prevents freezing
it has been discovered how natural antifreeze works to protect fish in the icy waters of the Arctic Ocean from freezing to death unsaturated fat.
They were able to detect that an antifreeze protein in the fish's blood affects the water molecules in its vicinity such that they cannot freeze, and everything around remains fluid. Here, there is no chemical bond between protein and water the mere presence of the protein is sufficient.
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