The correct answer is b. The movement from point R to point T represents the substitution effect of the price decrease.
The substitution effect refers to the change in consumption patterns that occurs when the price of a good changes while the consumer's real income remains constant. In this scenario, the consumer is originally at point R and the price of good X decreases.
To determine the substitution effect of the price decrease, we need to identify the movement from point R to another point on the graph.
- Option a: The movement from point R to point S represents the income effect, not the substitution effect. The income effect occurs when the consumer's real income changes due to a change in price.
- Option b: The movement from point R to point T represents the substitution effect. As the price of good X decreases, the consumer is now able to purchase more of good X relative to other goods. This leads to a movement along the indifference curve from point R to point T, showing the substitution effect of the price decrease.
- Option c: The movement from point T to point S represents the income effect, not the substitution effect.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. The movement from point R to point T represents the substitution effect of the price decrease.
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Give 3 ways managers can introduce robotics into organizations
to increase the organization's efficiency.
Managers can introduce robotics into organizations in several ways to increase the organization's efficiency. Here are three ways:
1. Strategic planning: Managers can introduce robotics into organizations by developing a strategic plan that includes robotics. By planning early, it can be easier for managers to figure out what kind of robots the organization needs, what functions they will serve, and what kind of training employees will need to work alongside these robots.
2. Pilot Programs: Managers can introduce robotics into organizations through pilot programs that allow them to test out different robotics technologies in a controlled environment. With pilot programs, managers can experiment with different robots, test how they work, and assess how they can help improve the organization's operations.
3. Employee Training: Managers can introduce robotics into organizations by training employees to work alongside these machines. Robotic automation requires specialized knowledge and skill, which employees can learn through training. Through this training, employees can learn how to operate and maintain the robots, thereby increasing the organization's overall efficiency and productivity.
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help pls!
Which of the following capital budgeting methods is the most suited to give correct and reliable decisions for most types of projects? Sensitivity analysis method Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method is generally considered more suited to give correct and reliable decisions for most types of projects compared to the Sensitivity Analysis method.
The IRR method calculates the rate of return at which the net present value (NPV) of a project becomes zero. It takes into account the time value of money and provides a percentage return that the project is expected to generate. The IRR method considers the entire cash flow pattern over the project's life, making it a comprehensive evaluation technique. It is widely used in capital budgeting and helps assess the profitability and viability of an investment.
On the other hand, sensitivity analysis involves analyzing the impact of variations in different project parameters (such as sales volume, cost of inputs, or interest rates) on the project's financial outcomes. While sensitivity analysis provides valuable insights into the project's sensitivity to changes in specific variables, it may not capture the holistic financial performance of the project. It is a useful tool for assessing the project's vulnerability to certain factors but may not provide a definitive decision criterion on its own.
Therefore, the IRR method is generally considered more reliable and suitable for making correct decisions for most types of projects, as it accounts for the project's cash flows over time and incorporates the time value of money.
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Production function explains the relationship between a. land and rent. b. labor and wages. c. capital and interest. d. input and output. A firm in a perfectly competitive market sell their produc for $5 per unit. Their average variable cost is $4 and th average total cost is $7. What will be your advise to thi firm? a. exit the market in the long-run. b. continue producing in the short-run but exit in the long-run. C. stop producing entirely both in the short and long-run. d. shut-down the production in the short-run.
Production function explains the relationship between the input and output. It is a relationship that specifies how much output can be produced from different combinations of inputs.
This relationship helps a firm to determine the best combination of inputs to use in order to produce a given level of output.The firm's average variable cost is 4 and the average total cost is 7. In a perfectly competitive market, the price of the product is 5 per unit.
This means that the firm is not making enough profits to cover its costs. In this case, it is better for the firm to shut down the production in the short-run as the firm is making losses in the short run. In the long run, the firm should exit the market because it is not able to cover its costs.
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A team faces a demand curve of Q = 75000 - 6000*P, where Q is the quantity of tickets sold, and P is the price, in dollars. The marginal cost, per ticket sold, is $2, and the team earns concession revenue of $6 per ticket sold. The team has no other revenue or capacity constraints. If the team is maximizing profits, what is their optimal ticket price?
Answer is 4.25, show workings please.
The optimal ticket price that the team should charge in order to maximize profits is $4.25.
The demand function that the team is facing is given asQ = 75000 - 6000 PThe marginal cost per ticket is $2The team earns $6 per ticket sold, so we can add this revenue to the demand function to get the total revenue function:
TR = (75000 - 6000 P)P + 6PWe can expand the expression on the right hand side of the equation:TR = 75000 P - 6000 P² + 6P.
To find the optimal ticket price, we need to find the value of P that maximizes the total revenue function. We can do this by taking the derivative of the total revenue function with respect to P, and setting it equal to zero:
dTR/dP = 75000 - 12000 P + 6 = 0Solving for P:75000 - 12000 P + 6 = 012000 P = 75006P = 625P = 625/12000 ≈ 0.052
This is the ticket price that maximizes revenue, but we need to subtract the $2 marginal cost to find the optimal price that maximizes profits:optimal price = $0.052 - $2 = $4.25
Therefore, the optimal ticket price that the team should charge in order to maximize profits is $4.25.
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Suppose a country's labor force is 140.9 million (of whom 125.6 million are employed). What is the country's unemployment rate? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Provide your answer below: unemployment rate =
Therefore, the number of people who are unemployed can be obtained by subtracting the number of employed people from the total labor force.
The country's labor force is 140.9 million, out of which 125.6 million people are employed.
Hence:140.9 million - 125.6 million = 15.3 million
The country's number of unemployed people is 15.3 million.
To calculate the unemployment rate, divide the number of unemployed people by the total labor force. Then, multiply the resulting quotient by 100 to convert it to a percentage.
Therefore:
unemployment rate = (15.3 million / 140.9 million) x 100%
unemployment rate = 10.8%
Therefore, the country's unemployment rate is 10.8% when rounded to the nearest tenth.
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Suppose that General Motors Acceptance Corporation issued a bond with 10 years until maturity, a face value of $1,000, and a coupon rate of 7.3% (annual payments). The yield to maturity on this bond when it was issued was 6.3%. What was the price of this bond when it was issued? When it was issued, the price of the bond was $ (Round to the nearest cent.)
Given Data:
Face value of the bond= 1,000
Coupon rate= 7.3%
Yield to maturity= 6.3%
Time to maturity= 10 years
Now we need to calculate the price of this bond when it was issued using the given formula;
P = C
/ (1+r)^1 + C
/ (1+r)^2 + … C
/ (1+r)^n + F
/ (1+r)^n
Here,
C = Annual coupon payment = 73 (7.3% of $1,000)
F = Face value of the bond = 1,000n
= Number of years
= 10r = Yield to maturity
= 6.3% or 0.063
Putting all these values into the formula above, we get:
P = (73 / (1 + 0.063)^1 + 73 / (1 + 0.063)^2 + … 73 / (1 + 0.063)^10 + 1000 / (1 + 0.063)^10= 759.42
The price of the bond when it was issued was 759.42 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Hence, the correct option is 759.42.
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5) the price of pens in a college town rose from by 25% Quantity demanded fell from 3,000 to 1500 . Using the standard method (not the mid-point method), calculate the price elasticity of demand.
Price elasticity of demand is an economic measure used to calculate the degree of demand change as a result of a variation in price. Price elasticity of demand refers to the degree of responsiveness or reaction of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in its price.
In this case, the price of pens in a college town increased by 25%, and the quantity demanded of pens decreased from 3,000 to 1500. To calculate the price elasticity of demand, we'll use the following formula: Price elasticity of demand
= percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price The percentage change in price
= 25%
= 0.25The percentage change in quantity demanded = ((3000-1500) / (3000+1500)) / 2. Hence, percentage change in quantity demanded is 33.3% (rounded to one decimal place).
= 33.3% / 25%
= 1.33Since the calculated price elasticity of demand is greater than 1, the demand for pens is elastic.
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Which of the following statements summarize the case for free trade based on the theory of comparative advantage?
1 - Each nation should produce goods for which its domestic opportunity cost is lower than that of other nations. 2 - Each nation should exchange the goods it produces at lower opportunity costs for goods that have higher opportunity costs. 3 - Each nation trading will realize the advantages of geographic and human specialization.
The answer to summarize the case for free trade based on the theory of comparative advantage are:
1. Each nation should produce goods for which its domestic opportunity cost is lower than that of other nations.
2. Each nation should exchange the goods it produces at lower opportunity costs for goods that have higher opportunity costs.
3. Each nation trading will realize the advantages of geographic and human specialization.
Comparative advantage is a theory that is widely used to justify free trade. According to this theory, if two countries trade in two different products, the country that has the lower opportunity cost of producing one product should specialize in producing that product while the other country specializes in producing the other product.
Let us now summarize the case for free trade based on the theory of comparative advantage.
1. Each nation should produce goods for which its domestic opportunity cost is lower than that of other nations. This means that each country should specialize in producing those goods that they are most efficient at producing compared to other nations. This leads to increased efficiency and productivity, which is beneficial for all trading nations.
2. Each nation should exchange the goods it produces at lower opportunity costs for goods that have higher opportunity costs. This means that each country should trade the goods that they produce at a lower opportunity cost for goods that they do not produce at a lower opportunity cost. This leads to increased efficiency and productivity, which is beneficial for all trading nations.
3. Each nation trading will realize the advantages of geographic and human specialization. This means that each country can take advantage of its geographic and human resources to specialize in the production of goods that they are best at producing. This leads to increased efficiency and productivity, which is beneficial for all trading nations.
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With an open-ended bridging loan, the lender should:
Select one:
a.
Always ensure that there is a substantial margin between the loan amount and the expected sale amount to allow for unexpected events.
b.
Treat the loan as the same risk as a closed-ended bridging loan.
c.
Ignore the property market cycle because housing prices only go up.
d.
Not consider the cash flows of the borrower.
e.
None of the above
The correct answer is a. Always ensure that there is a substantial margin between the loan amount and the expected sale amount to allow for unexpected events.
With an open-ended bridging loan, which is a type of short-term loan typically used in real estate transactions, it is important for the lender to ensure that there is a substantial margin between the loan amount and the expected sale amount. This is because open-ended bridging loans are typically used when there is uncertainty about the timing or final sale price of the property. The lender should account for potential unexpected events, such as delays in the sale or a lower-than-expected sale price, by providing a sufficient margin of safety. This helps mitigate risk and ensures that the loan can be repaid even if there are unforeseen circumstances. Therefore, option a. is the correct answer.
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Cullumber Company is considering a capital investment of $216,200 in additional productive facilities. The new machinery is expected to have a useful life of 5 years with no salvage value. Depreciation is by the straight-line method. During the life of the investment, annual net income and net annual cash flows are expected to be $10,810 and $47,000, respectively. Cullumber has a 12% cost of capital rate, which is the required rate of retum on the investment. Click here to view PV table. (a) Compute the cash payback period. (Round answer to 1 decimal place, e.g. 10.5.) Cash payback period years Compute the annual rate of return on the proposed capital expenditure. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, eg. 10.52\%.) Annual rate of return % (b) Using the discounted cash flow technique, compute the net present value. (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. −45 or parentheses eg. (45). Round answer for present value to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.) Net present value TABLE 1 Future Value of 1 TABLE 2 Future Value of an Annuity of 1 TABLE 3 Present Value of 1 \begin{tabular}{cccccccccccc} (n) & & & & & & & & & & \\ Periods & 4% & 5% & 6% & 7% & 8% & 9% & 10% & 11% & 12% & 15% \\ \hline 1 & .96154 & .95238 & .94340 & .93458 & .92593 & .91743 & .90909 & .90090 & .89286 & .86957 \\ \hline 2 & .92456 & .90703 & .89000 & .87344 & .85734 & .84168 & .82645 & .81162 & .79719 & .75614 \\ \hline 3 & .88900 & .86384 & .83962 & .81630 & .79383 & .77218 & .75132 & .73119 & .71178 & .65752 \\ \hline 4 & .8440 & .82270 & .79209 & .76290 & .73503 & .70843 & .68301 & .65873 & .63552 & .57175 \\ \hline 5 & .82193 & .78353 & .74726 & .71299 & .68058 & .64993 & .62092 & .59345 & .56743 & .49718 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Present Value of an Annuity of 1
The answer is, Cash payback period is 4.6 years and Net present value is $-758.76.
How to find?To calculate cash payback period, first, calculate the net cash inflows for each year and then the net initial investment. Then, divide the net investment by the average annual net cash inflows to get the cash payback period.
Calculation of annual rate of return:
Annual rate of return is the percentage of return that an investment generates per year. The formula for the annual rate of return is:
Annual rate of return = (average annual net cash inflows / initial investment) * 100.
Using the formula, we get:
Annual rate of return = (47,000 / 216,200) * 100
= 21.74%
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. It is used to evaluate investment opportunities or projects.
Using the discounted cash flow technique, the net present value can be calculated as follows:
Year
Annual Cash Flows
Discount Factor at 12%
Discounted Cash Flows
0-216,2001.0000-216,200147,0000.8928
=131,0762-216,2000.7972
=-172,2233-216,2000.7120
=-154,2644-216,2000.6366
=-137,5875-216,2000.5674
=-122,794
Net present value = $-758.76 (Negative)
Therefore, the answers are:
(a) Cash payback period = 4.6 years(rounded to 1 decimal place)
Annual rate of return = 21.74%(rounded to 2 decimal places)
(b) Net present value = $-758.76 (Negative)
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U.S. accounting practice is guided by which of the following organizations? (Check all that apply.)
Multiple select question.
a)International Financial Reporting Standards
b)International Monetary Fund
c)Financial Accounting Standards Board
d)Securities and Exchange Commission
The correct answer is: c) Financial Accounting Standards Board
d) Securities and Exchange Commission.
U.S. accounting practice is primarily guided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The FASB is a private, nonprofit organization responsible for establishing and improving accounting standards in the United States. The FASB sets Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which provide the framework for financial reporting in the U.S. The SEC is a federal regulatory agency that oversees the securities industry, including public companies and financial markets. The SEC has the authority to prescribe accounting principles for financial statements filed with it, and it often works in conjunction with the FASB to establish and enforce accounting rules and regulations.
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you are working in a big company as an account manager. Tell us about a a strategy that you created and implemented to improve sales, increase business growth and the ROI in your role as a key account manager?
As an account manager in a big company, one of the strategies I created and implemented to improve sales, increase business growth, and the ROI was to develop a customer-centric approach to account management. This approach involved understanding the unique needs and challenges of each client and developing tailored solutions to address them.
To implement this strategy, I conducted a comprehensive analysis of the company's customer base and identified the key pain points of each client. I then worked with the sales team to develop customized solutions that met the unique needs of each customer.
In addition, I also implemented a regular communication schedule with each client to keep them informed of our progress and any new developments that may be of interest to them. This helped to build trust and strengthen our relationships with our clients.
Another key element of the strategy was to establish clear KPIs to measure the success of our account management efforts. This included tracking sales metrics, customer satisfaction ratings, and other key performance indicators to ensure that we were meeting our targets.
Overall, the customer-centric approach to account management helped to improve sales and increase business growth while also improving ROI. By focusing on the unique needs of each client and developing tailored solutions, we were able to build stronger relationships with our customers and drive long-term growth for the company.
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Assume that you graduate from the College in December 2022 and in January 2023, you are appointed the HR Manager in Toronto by a foreign multinational company, XYZ, which markets fruits to several countries. Chose the country of origin of the foreign company. XYZ intends to sell fruits to Canada also, targeting the major store chains. The business in Canada requires the following functions: Sales, Finance, HR, and Supply Chain.
The GM is patient and is not expecting immediate sales. He knows that negotiating sales contracts in Canada will first require that a proper office be established, and a competent and motivated team be formed. This will take most of 2023. Besides, the HR policies and practices in Canada are not like other countries. In Canada, people come from different cultures and have varied competencies. The working environment, labor laws, social, and business environments are very different in Canada. You will have to hire professionals whose competencies match the job specifications. Offer competitive compensation and rewards. Manage the issues of labor unions. Develop HR practices and procedures. Establish teamwork and a performance driven culture that also provides employee satisfaction.
The GM of the company, based in its headquarters in the foreign country, has asked you to do the HR objectives A, B and C below in 2023. What specific steps will you take for accomplishing each objective. Make flow diagrams for each objective A, B and C, and explain the steps in each objective.
Design an organization structure and make a manpower plan/chart outlining the jobs that must be filled for the company’s operations in Canada.
Determine the compensation packages being offered in Canada and propose a compensation and benefits structure for the company.
Identify the Canadian labor laws and legislation that the company would have to follow and develop a strategy for compliance.
To design an organization structure and make a manpower plan/chart outlining the jobs that must be filled for the company’s operations in Canada.
Steps that need to be taken for Objective A are as follows:
Step 1: Identify the required functions in Canada for the business.
Step 2: Determine the roles that will be needed to achieve these functions.
Step 3: Design an organizational structure that groups together similar functions.
Step 4: Develop a manpower plan that outlines the roles, the job descriptions, the required qualifications, and the necessary competencies.
Step 5: Create a chart that outlines the structure of the organization, with the roles and job titles.
Objective B: Determine the compensation packages being offered in Canada and propose a compensation and benefits structure for the company.Steps that need to be taken for Objective B are as follows:
Step 1: Conduct market research to determine the average compensation packages offered for similar positions in Canada.
Step 2: Analyze the company's budget to determine how much can be allocated for employee compensation.
Step 3: Design a compensation and benefits structure that is competitive, taking into account the market research and budget limitations.
Step 4: Consider offering additional benefits that will help to attract and retain top talent.
Objective C: Identify the Canadian labor laws and legislation that the company would have to follow and develop a strategy for compliance.Steps that need to be taken for Objective C are as follows:
Step 1: Research Canadian labor laws and legislation that apply to the company's operations.
Step 2: Analyze the company's current policies and practices to determine if they are compliant with Canadian labor laws and legislation.
Step 3: Identify any gaps in compliance and develop a strategy for addressing them.
Step 4: Update the company's policies and practices to ensure compliance with Canadian labor laws and legislation.
Step 5: Train employees on the updated policies and practices to ensure compliance.
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The following transactions were made by Allen Company. Assume all investments are short-term and are readily marketable. June 2 Purchased 400 shares of Snoop Corporation common stock for $45 per share. July 1 Purchased 200 Barr Corporation bonds for $228,000. July 30 Received a cash dividend of $1.50 per share from Snoop Corporation. Sept. 15 Sold 120 shares of Snoop Corporation stock for $50 per share. Dec. 31 Received semiannual interest check for $13,000 from Barr Corporation. Dec. 31 Received a cash dividend of $2 per share from Snoop Corporation. Instructions Journalize the transactions.
To journalize the transactions for Allen Company, we need to record each transaction in the appropriate journal entries.
Here are the journal entries for the given transactions:
June 2:
Purchased 400 shares of Snoop Corporation common stock for $45 per share.
Date Account Debit Credit
--------------------------------------------------------------------
June 2 Investment in Snoop Corporation $18,000
Cash $18,000
July 1:
Purchased 200 Barr Corporation bonds for $228,000.
Date Account Debit Credit
--------------------------------------------------------------------
July 1 Investment in Barr Corporation $228,000
Cash $228,000
July 30:
Received a cash dividend of $1.50 per share from Snoop Corporation.
Date Account Debit Credit
--------------------------------------------------------------------
July 30 Cash $600
Dividend Income $600
Sept. 15:
Sold 120 shares of Snoop Corporation stock for $50 per share.
Date Account Debit Credit
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Sept. 15 Cash $6,000
Investment in Snoop Corporation $5,400
Gain on Sale of Investments $600
Dec. 31:
Received semiannual interest check for $13,000 from Barr Corporation.
Date Account Debit Credit
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Dec. 31 Cash $13,000
Interest Income $13,000
Dec. 31:
Received a cash dividend of $2 per share from Snoop Corporation.
Date Account Debit Credit
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Dec. 31 Cash $800
Dividend Income $800
These are the journal entries to record the transactions for Allen Company based on the given information.
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Consider a hypothetical call option and a put option with the same exercise price of £5 and equal premiums of 20 pence (each). There is also an out-of-the-money call option with an exercise price of £5.20 selling at 20 pence, an out-of-the-money put with an exercise price of £4.80 selling at 20 pence. All options have the same underlying asset, which has a spot price of £5. Draw a fully-annotated profit-andloss-at-maturity graph of a Strangle.
The Strangle Strategy in options trading is a strategy where traders hold a position in both a call option and a put option with different strike prices but same expiry date and equal premium.
The fully-annotated profit-and-loss-at-maturity graph of a Strangle can be illustrated as follows:
Description of the options: Call option with a strike price of £5 and a premium of 20 pence.
Put option with a strike price of £5 and a premium of 20 pence.
Out-of-the-money call option with a strike price of £5.20 and a premium of 20 pence.
Out-of-the-money put option with a strike price of £4.80 and a premium of 20 pence.
Underlying asset has a spot price of £5.Strangle strategy is a Non-directional strategy, that is, the trader will make a profit from the underlying asset irrespective of the direction of the asset's price movement. The Strangle Strategy profits from a rise or fall in the underlying asset's price.
If the price of the underlying asset stays within the strike price of the options, both options expire and the trader loses both premiums. But if the price moves beyond the strike prices of the options, then the trader makes a profit.
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Bramble Products needs to prepare their year-end financial statements. On December 31,2024 , the balance in Accounts Receivable was $730.000. An aging analysis of the accounts receivable indicated that $17,700 of the accounts receivable is expected to be uncollectible. (a) Prepare the adjusting entries to record estimated bad debt expense using the percentage of receivables approach for each independent assumption: i) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $3,400 before adjustment. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are outomatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. List debit entry before credit entry] ii) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a debit balance of $780 before adjustment. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for th account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit occount titles are outomatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. List debit entry before credit entry.)
Date Accounts Debit Credit Dec. 31Bad debt expense 18,480 Allowance for doubtful accounts18,480
Assuming Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $3,400 before adjustment, the adjusting entries to record estimated bad debt expense using the percentage of receivables approach are given below.
Adjusting entry: Adjusting entry would increase the estimated uncollectible accounts by $17,700 (=$730,000 × 2.4%) and decrease the balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts by $14,300 (=$3,400 - $17,700).
So, the adjusting entry to record the estimated bad debt expense is:
Date Accounts Debit Credit Dec. 31
Bad debt expense14,300 Allowance for doubtful accounts14, 300
Assuming Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a debit balance of $780 before adjustment, the adjusting entries to record estimated bad debt expense using the percentage of receivables approach are given below.
Adjusting entry: Adjusting entry would increase the estimated uncollectible accounts by $17,700 (=$730,000 × 2.4%) and decrease the balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts by $18,480 (=$780 + $17,700).
So, the adjusting entry to record the estimated bad debt expense is:
Date Accounts Debit Credit Dec. 31Bad debt expense
18,480 Allowance for doubtful accounts18,480
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Suppose the discount rate is 8%. You bought a 10-year, 3% coupch bond, 5 years after it is issued. After holding it for 3 years, the discount
rate changed to 7% and sold the bond right after the discount rate change. Assume par value is $1000 and semiannual coupons. What is your
HPR?
Please enter the answer as a percent with two decimal places for instance 55.55 for 55.55%
Holding period return (HPR) is the total return on an investment for the duration of time it is held. It is calculated as a percentage of the initial investment's cost.Suppose the discount rate is 8%. You bought a 10-year, 3% coupon bond, 5 years after it is issued.
After holding it for 3 years, the discount rate changed to 7% and sold the bond right after the discount rate change. Assume the par value is $1000 and semiannual coupons.The formula for calculating HPR is given as:HPR = (Price of asset + income - initial price)/ initial priceGiven,Initial price = price of bond when it was purchased = $ (Price of bond after 5 years of issue date) PV = 1000/(1 + 4%/2)^10*2= $750.07Income = Interest + Capital GainInterest = PV × coupon rate × (1 - t) = 750.07 × 3% × (1 - 0) = $22.50Capital Gain = Price of bond after 3 years × $1000 - PV × $1000 = ($ 851.59 × $1000 - $750.07 × $1000) = $101.52
After the discount rate changed to 7%, the price of the bond becamePV = 1000/(1 + 3.5%)^10*2= $ 859.80Income = Interest + Capital GainInterest = PV × coupon rate × (1 - t) = 859.80 × 3% × (1 - 0) = $25.79Capital Gain = Price of bond after the change in discount rate × $1000 - PV × $1000 = ($ 921.43 × $1000 - $859.80 × $1000) = $61.63Using the formula for HPR,HPR = (Price of asset + income - initial price)/ initial price= (($921.43 + $25.79) - $750.07)/ $750.07= 23.44 %Therefore, the HPR of the bond is 23.44%.
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Please highlight any two concepts from Social Psychology and Anthropology that are key in the understanding of Organizational Behavior as we know it today. Please use at least 500 words for describing each concept and why you chose these concepts to support your answers.
Two key concepts from Social Psychology and Anthropology that are instrumental in understanding Organizational Behavior are social identity and cultural relativism.
Social identity theory explores how individuals' self-concept and behavior are influenced by their group memberships. It sheds light on concepts such as organizational commitment, group dynamics, intergroup relations and the impact of social categorization on individuals perceptions and behavior in organizational settings.
Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding and analyzing cultural practices, norms and values within their specific cultural contexts. The cultural relativism allows for the examination of how cultural factors shape organizational practices, leadership styles, communication patterns, decision-making processes and conflict resolution strategies.
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. Which of the following are presented in the proprietary funds statement of net position of a state or
The statement of net position of a state or local government's proprietary funds presents the following items: assets, deferred outflows of resources, liabilities, deferred inflows of resources, and net position.
The proprietary funds are account groups that are used to maintain accounting records for operations that are similar to those found in the private sector.The statement of net position is a statement of financial position that displays information on an entity's assets, deferred outflows of resources, liabilities, deferred inflows of resources, and net position at a given date.
The statement of net position is created by a state or local government's proprietary funds, which are used to maintain accounting records for operations that are similar to those found in the private sector. A typical format divides the assets and deferred outflows of resources into current and noncurrent categories, and divides the liabilities and deferred inflows of resources into current and noncurrent categories as well.
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20,000 units to 18,000 units, What is the elasticity of demand? 0.47 2.11 1.78 6.09
Elasticity of demand is an economic measure used to describe the responsiveness of consumers to changes in the quantity demanded of a product or service as a result of changes in the price of that product or service.
Elasticity of demand measures the percentage change in quantity demanded for a product or service relative to a percentage change in price for that product or service. The formula for elasticity of demand is given as: Elasticity of demand = (percentage change in quantity demanded) / (percentage change in price)When the elasticity of demand is greater than one, we have an elastic demand.
When the elasticity of demand is equal to one, we have a unit elastic demand. When the elasticity of demand is less than one, we have an inelastic demand.Now let's calculate the elasticity of demand from the given data:Initial quantity demanded
(Q1) = 20,000 unitsFinal quantity demanded (Q2) = 18,000 units
Percentage change in quantity demanded = ((Q2 - Q1) / Q1) x 100%
Percentage change in quantity demanded = ((18,000 - 20,000) / 20,000) x 100%
Percentage change in quantity demanded = (-2,000 / 20,000) x 100%
Percentage change in quantity demanded = -10%
Initial price (P1) = unknown Final price (P2) = unknown
Since we don't know the initial and final prices, we cannot calculate the exact elasticity of demand.
Therefore, none of the options provided is correct.
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In the value chain model, support activities are most directly related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services, which create value for the customer. * O True O False Today, you're more likely to download the software from the vendor's Web site. True False
The statement "In the value chain model, support activities are most directly related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services, which create value for the customer" is False.
In the value chain model, support activities are not directly related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services. Support activities, as defined in the value chain framework developed by Michael Porter, refer to the functions that provide support and enable the primary activities of a company to operate effectively. These support activities include:
Procurement: Activities related to sourcing, purchasing, and acquiring the resources needed for the firm's operations, such as raw materials, equipment, and supplies.
Human Resource Management: Activities involved in recruiting, hiring, training, and developing employees to support the firm's operations.
Technological Development: Activities related to research and development, innovation, and technology infrastructure that enhance the firm's products, processes, and overall operations.
Infrastructure: Activities that provide the necessary support systems for the firm's operations, including areas such as finance, accounting, legal, and general management.
These support activities indirectly contribute to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services by providing the necessary resources, capabilities, and infrastructure. However, the primary activities directly involved in production and distribution, such as inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, and sales, are responsible for creating value for the customer.
The shift towards software downloads from vendor websites has become more prevalent in recent years, but it may still vary depending on the software industry, the type of software, and customer preferences.
Therefore, the statement is not universally true or false without more specific context.
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The graph below shows the production possibilities frontier for an economy that produces soccer balls and sweaters. Use the graph to answer the following question(s).
1.Which of the labeled points are efficient?
2.Which of the labeled points are inefficient?
3.The economy is currently operating at point C. What is the opportunity cost of producing 75 more Soccer ball? (moving to point B)
4.Is the opportunity cost constant, increasing, or decreasing? How do you know?
5.What conditions can lead to economic growth?
1. The points A, B and C are efficient.2. The points E and F are inefficient.3. The opportunity cost of producing 75 more soccer ball is 75/25 = 3 sweaters. This means that in order to produce 75 more soccer balls, the economy will have to give up the production of 3 sweaters.
4. The opportunity cost is increasing. This can be seen from the fact that as we move along the production possibility frontier, the slope becomes steeper indicating that more and more of one good has to be given up to produce an additional unit of the other good. 5. Economic growth can be caused by the following factors:Improvements in technology and production processes that increase productivityIncrease in the quantity and quality of resourcesExpansion in the labor forceIncrease in investment in physical capital and human capital.
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Recent research by financial economists has found that the reward for beta ______ was less than predicted by the CAPM when they applied the model to the _____ world data
Recent research by financial economists has found that the reward for beta risk was less than predicted by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) when they applied the model to the real-world data.
The CAPM is a widely used model in finance that suggests that the expected return on an asset is proportional to its beta, which measures its sensitivity to market movements. According to the CAPM, higher beta assets should command higher expected returns to compensate investors for the additional risk they bear.
However, empirical studies have shown that the actual returns of stocks with high betas have been lower than what the CAPM would predict. This discrepancy suggests that other factors beyond beta influence stock returns and that the CAPM may not fully capture the complexities of real-world markets. Researchers have identified various factors such as size, value, momentum, and profitability, among others, that can explain the differences in returns and provide a more accurate understanding of asset pricing.
In summary, recent research has found that the reward for beta risk was lower than expected when applying the CAPM to real-world data, indicating the presence of additional factors influencing asset returns.
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financing of new, nonpublic companies is broadly referred to as ________ financing.
Financing of new, nonpublic companies is broadly referred to as private financing.
Private financing encompasses various methods of raising capital for companies that are not publicly traded. It involves obtaining funding from private investors, venture capital firms, angel investors, or private equity firms. Unlike public financing, where companies raise funds by issuing stocks or bonds to the general public through the stock market, private financing involves a more limited pool of investors.
Private financing options can include equity investments, where investors provide capital in exchange for an ownership stake in the company, or debt financing, where companies borrow money and repay it with interest over a specified period. Other forms of private financing may involve convertible notes, mezzanine financing, or strategic partnerships with larger companies.
Private financing is often sought by startups or early-stage companies that may not yet meet the requirements for public offerings or prefer to maintain greater control over their operations. It allows these companies to secure the necessary capital to fund their growth, research and development, marketing efforts, and operational expenses.
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STAGFLATION AND THE CHIMERA OF INFLATION & UNEMPLOYMENT (CHP 34) Having read chapter 34 of your textbook, you'll be familiar with the fact that a negative supply shock is a much worse problem than a negative demand shock. Where as a negative demand shock only creates unemployment, a negative supply shock creates stagflation (ie: stagnation and inflation together. In other words, we have double trouble: unemployment & inflation). Again having read chapter 34 , explain how an economy can return back to a long run equilibrium following a negative supply shock, if the policy makers (ie: both fiscal and monetary fiscal policy makers), don't intervene in the economy to combat either the unemployment or the inflation caused by the negative supply shock.
Stagflation is a situation in which there is a persistent increase in inflation with stagnant economic growth and a high level of unemployment. Stagflation is caused by a negative supply shock that leads to a shift in the aggregate supply curve to the left, which leads to higher prices and lower output. Negative supply shocks can be caused by a variety of factors, such as natural disasters, wars, or supply chain disruptions.
The main challenge in dealing with stagflation is that traditional monetary and fiscal policy tools are not effective in this situation. Fiscal and monetary policy can help reduce either inflation or unemployment, but not both at the same time. In order to return the economy to a long run equilibrium following a negative supply shock, policymakers need to adopt a multi-pronged approach. First, they need to address the underlying cause of the negative supply shock. If the shock is caused by a natural disaster or a war, for example, policymakers need to focus on rebuilding damaged infrastructure and restoring supply chains.
Third, policymakers need to ensure that inflation expectations remain anchored. If inflation expectations become unanchored, it can lead to a self-fulfilling cycle of rising prices and wages. This can be achieved through communication and transparency about monetary and fiscal policy goals and actions. Finally, policymakers need to ensure that financial markets remain stable. If financial markets become unstable, it can lead to a further contraction in output and employment. Overall, returning an economy to a long run equilibrium following a negative supply shock requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses the underlying causes of the shock, increases the potential output of the economy, anchors inflation expectations, and maintains financial stability.
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Reengineering is the radical redesign of business processes to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic principles of reengineering?
A.Have those who use the output of the process perform the process.
B.Link parallel activities instead of integrating their results.
C.Absorb information processing work into the real work that produces the information.
D.Organize around strategic initiatives, not tasks.
E.Put the decision point where the work is performed and build control into the process
- B. Link parallel activities instead of integrating their results.
In reengineering, the principle of linking parallel activities instead of integrating their results is not one of the basic principles. Let's go through the other principles and explain them in more detail:
A. Have those who use the output of the process perform the process:
This principle emphasizes that the individuals or departments who rely on the output of a particular process should be involved in performing that process. This ensures that those who understand the requirements and expectations of the output are directly involved in its creation. By doing so, it reduces handoffs, delays, and miscommunications between different groups.
C. Absorb information processing work into the real work that produces the information:
This principle suggests that instead of treating information processing as a separate activity, it should be integrated into the actual work process that generates the information. By doing this, it reduces the need for additional administrative tasks and streamlines the flow of information.
D. Organize around strategic initiatives, not tasks:
This principle focuses on aligning the organizational structure and processes with strategic goals and objectives. Rather than organizing based on specific tasks or functions, reengineering encourages a more holistic approach where processes are designed and structured around strategic initiatives. This enables greater flexibility, efficiency, and adaptability to changing business needs.
E. Put the decision point where the work is performed and build control into the process:
This principle emphasizes empowering employees by placing decision-making authority at the point where the work is performed. It involves giving employees the necessary information, tools, and authority to make decisions and take ownership of their work. By building control into the process, it reduces the need for excessive layers of management and promotes quicker decision-making.
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I earn a salary from the company of $135,000 per year and the rest of our employees earn less than $46,000 each. Based on this information and our estimated annual payroll, how much would our estimated annual Worker’s Compensation insurance cost for 2021? Show and label your calculations.
The estimated annual payroll can be calculated by adding the annual salary of the highest-paid employee to the annual salary of the remaining employees.
That is; Estimated annual payroll = $135,000 + ($46,000 x n),
where n is the number of employees excluding the highest-paid employee.
Therefore, the estimated annual payroll can be computed as follows;
Estimated annual payroll = $135,000 + ($46,000 x n)
= $135,000 + ($46,000 x (total employees - 1))
For example, if there are 10 employees in the company, then the estimated annual payroll will be;
Estimated annual payroll = $135,000 + ($46,000 x (10 - 1))
= $135,000 + ($46,000 x 9)
=$549,000.
The cost of worker's compensation insurance can be calculated by multiplying the estimated annual payroll by the rate per $100 of payroll. For this example, if the rate is $1.50 per $100 of payroll, the cost of worker's compensation insurance will be;
Cost of worker's compensation insurance = Estimated annual payroll x rate per $100 of payroll
= $549,000 x $1.50 / 100
= $8,235.
Therefore, the estimated annual cost of Worker’s Compensation insurance for 2021 would be $8,235.I hope this helps.
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What is corporate governance and what is the need for it? (Min 100 Words) 2. What does it mean to be excellent in corporate governance? Cite at least 2 ways how to be excellent in corporate governance. (Min 100 Words) 3. What is the importance of the Code of Corporate Policies of Code of Corporate conduct? How can it be implemented in a company? Here, you need to research a real company and tell what their code of corporate policies is or conduct and how has this impacted their company (Min 200 Words) 4. What is CSR and why is it impacting the corporation's profitability? (Min 100 Words) 5. In a company of your choice, research their CSR activities and how are these activities impacting their company positively. (Min 200 Words)
Additionally, these activities have helped to increase the company's profitability by attracting and retaining customers who value social responsibility.
Corporate governance refers to the set of rules, policies, and procedures established by a company to regulate the way it conducts its operations. Corporate governance exists to ensure that a company is managed in a responsible manner, which means that it has to be transparent, accountable, and ethical. Corporate governance helps to promote investor confidence, minimize risk, and increase transparency and accountability in the company.
The Code of Corporate Policies or Code of Corporate Conduct is a set of guidelines that establishes the ethical principles and standards that guide a company's behavior. It is important because it helps to promote transparency, accountability, and good governance practices within the company. The Code of Corporate Policies can be implemented in a company by:
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Cory Ltd owns all the share capital of Norris Ltd. The income tax rate is 30%. The following transactions took place during the period ended 30 June 2023.
On 1 July 2022, Cory Ltd sold a motor vehicle to Norris Ltd for $120 000. This had a carrying amount to Cory Ltd of $95 000. Both entities depreciate motor vehicles at a rate of 10% p.a. on cost.
Required:
In relation to the above intragroup transaction:
1. Prepare adjusting journal entries for the consolidation worksheet at 30 June 2023
Intragroup transactions refer to business deals within a company, reported in consolidated financial statements. The adjusting entries include profit on sale, depreciation expense, and recording goodwill in the consolidation worksheet.
Intragroup transactions are business deals that occur within a business entity, specifically between two business units of the same parent company. These transactions are included in the consolidated financial statements of the group and are reported as part of the internal revenue service.
For example, Cory Ltd sold a motor vehicle to Norris Ltd for $120,000 on July 1, 2022. The carrying amount of the vehicle on Cory Ltd's books was $95,000. The income tax rate is 30%, and both entities depreciate motor vehicles at a rate of 10% per annum on cost.
The adjusting journal entries for the consolidation worksheet as of June 30, 2023, are as follows:
1. In the year of the asset sale, Cory Ltd would recognize a profit of $25,000, and Norris Ltd would record an expense of $25,000 to reflect the gain on the sale.
2. The motor vehicle on Norris Ltd's books should have been depreciated by $11,875 ($120,000 × 10% × 9/12) by the year ending June 30, 2023.
3. The vehicle was sold for $120,000, which was $25,000 more than its carrying amount. This resulted in goodwill of $25,000 ($120,000 - $95,000).
Goodwill is recorded as an intangible asset in the consolidated statement of financial position.
The journal entries to be prepared are as follows:
Debit ($) Credit ($)
---------------------------
Profit on sale of motor vehicle 25,000
- Motor vehicle 11,875
Depreciation expense account (Norris Ltd.) -11,875
Goodwill (consolidated entity) 25,000
- Motor vehicle 95,000
Note: No adjustment is needed for the carrying amount of the motor vehicle because it was sold in the year of the acquisition.
In summary, the adjusting journal entries for the consolidation worksheet as of June 30, 2023, include reporting the profit on sale of the motor vehicle and depreciation expense account (Norris Ltd.) as intragroup transactions. Additionally, the goodwill (consolidated entity) is recorded as an adjusting entry in the consolidation worksheet.
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Use an aggregate demand/aggregate supply diagram that begins in long-run equilibrium to illustrate the impact of each of the following events on the U.S. economy. Be sure to include the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves on the graph. Start the graph in long-run equilibrium and shift the appropriate curve in the appropriate direction in response to each part. Show whether each event cause an economic boom or recession? What happens to GDP, the unemployment rate, and the general price level? Draw a separate graph for each part of the question.
a. Increased fear of recession
b. Increase in oil prices
c. An increase in real wealth (perhaps because of an increase in the stock market or an increase in home values)
d. An increase in the real interest rate
e. Decrease in oil prices
2. Refer to parts b. and e. in question #1. How is long run equilibrium restored in the face of a supply shock?
3. Refer to part c. in question #1. How is long run equilibrium restored if the economy self corrects (meaning no fiscal or monetary policy is used in response)?
4. Refer to part d. in question #1. How is long-run equilibrium restored if the economy self corrects?
Aggregate Demand and Supply curves demonstrate the changes in the general price level and the amount of GDP produced in the country.
Long-run equilibrium depicts the conditions of the economy when there is neither a recessionary nor an inflationary gap, which implies that all production resources are used efficiently. A few events impact the economy, let us see how these events affect the economy on a graph.
Increased fear of recession: In the event of an increase in fear of recession, the aggregate demand (AD) curve shifts to the left. SRAS and LRAS curves remain constant. The economy enters the recession period. In the short term, the general price level decreases, and the GDP decreases.
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