Hofstede's studies were expanded by Globe's research and offered additional insights for understanding different cultures. The correct option is A.
Globe (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) conducted a comprehensive cross-cultural research project that aimed to examine cultural dimensions and their impact on leadership and organizational behavior. This research expanded upon Hofstede's original work by investigating cultural dimensions across a broader range of countries and providing more nuanced insights into cultural variations.
The Globe study identified nine cultural dimensions, including assertiveness, future orientation, gender differentiation, and power distance, among others. By incorporating multiple cultural perspectives, the Globe research further enhanced our understanding of cultural differences and their implications for leadership and organizational practices. This expansion built upon Hofstede's foundation and contributed to a more comprehensive framework for analyzing and comparing cultures worldwide.
The correct option is A.
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------------The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
"Hofstede's studies were expanded by ___________ research and offered additional insights for understanding different cultures.
Choose from the given options:
a. Globe's
b. Walton's
c. Weber's
d. Fayol's
e. Gilbreth's"----------------------
A traditional Aztec headdress that belonged to Montezuma made from feathers. What is this headdress made from? a. eagle feathers b. quetzal bird feathers c. ostrich feathers d. cactus wren feathers Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answer:
B. quetzal bird feathers
Explanation:
The headdress you are referring to is called Moctezuma’s headdress. It is a featherwork headdress or military device which tradition holds belonged to Moctezuma II, the Aztec emperor at the time of the Spanish conquest. The headdress is made of the feathers of quetzal and other birds mounted in a base of gold studded with precious stones.
So the answer to your question is b. quetzal bird feathers.
how did geography contribute to Spain’s desire to expand its empire
Spain's favorable geographical position and access to trade routes motivated its desire to expand the empire through exploration and colonization.
Geography played a significant role in Spain's desire to expand its empire. Spain, located on the Iberian Peninsula, had a strategic advantage with its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. This allowed for easy access to trade routes and exploration opportunities. Additionally, Spain's geographical location positioned it as a gateway to the Americas, making it an ideal launching point for expeditions and colonization. The discovery of new lands and resources in the Americas further fueled Spain's ambitions to expand its empire. The abundance of wealth and territories to be gained motivated Spanish explorers, such as Christopher Columbus and Hernán Cortés, to venture into unknown territories and establish colonies, ultimately leading to Spain's vast empire.
In conclusion, Spain's geographical advantages, including its strategic location and access to trade routes, played a significant role in fueling its ambition for empire expansion during the Age of Exploration.
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Answer the following question with a brief, concise, and factual answer.
A. What were some of the reasons that Phillip II of Spain sent the Spanish Armada in
an effort to conqueror England? What were some of the problems the Armada encountered,
and what advantages did the English have? In the end the Armada was defeated: how did victory
affect England, and what did defeat mean for Spain and Phillip II?
In paragraph form and at least 3 paragraphs.
Philip II sent the Spanish Armada to conquer England due to religious, political, and economic reasons; the Armada faced challenges and was defeated, leading to a significant victory for England and weakening Spain's naval dominance.
Philip II of Spain sent the Spanish Armada to conquer England due to reasons such as religious conflict, English support for Dutch rebels, and economic rivalry. The Armada encountered problems including adverse weather conditions and the English naval tactics of smaller, more maneuverable ships.
The English had advantages such as superior naval strategies, coordination, and the use of fireships. The defeat of the Armada was a significant victory for England, boosting national pride and strengthening its naval power. It marked a decline in Spanish naval dominance and weakened Philip II's aspirations for European hegemony, though Spain remained a powerful nation.
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Which statement best describes a precedent set by the Marshall court?
A precedent set by the Marshall Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, was the principle of judicial review.
This principle, established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison (1803), asserted the authority of the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.In Marbury v. Madison, the court faced the question of whether it had the power to issue a writ of mandamus to force the delivery of judicial appointments made by President John Adams in his final days in office. Chief Justice Marshall, writing the majority opinion, ruled that the Supreme Court did not have the authority to issue the writ and thus could not compel the appointments. However, Marshall also asserted that it was the duty of the court to interpret the Constitution and determine whether laws were constitutional.This precedent of judicial review established the Supreme Court as the final arbiter of the Constitution's meaning and granted the power to strike down laws deemed unconstitutional. It solidified the role of the judiciary as a coequal branch of government and provided a framework for the court's authority to interpret the Constitution's provisions and limit the power of the other branches. The principle of judicial review continues to shape the functioning of the American legal system and the role of the Supreme Court in ensuring constitutional adherence.For more such questions on Marshall Court
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Can someone please give me the purpose and bias of the “We’re fighting to prevent this” poster?
The purpose of the "We're fighting to prevent this" poster is to convey a message and raise awareness about a specific issue or cause. However, without additional context or specific information about the poster's content or design, it is challenging to determine the exact purpose. The purpose could vary depending on the subject matter or the organization behind the poster.
Regarding bias, it is important to note that all forms of communication, including posters, can carry some level of bias. Bias refers to a preference or inclination towards a particular perspective or agenda. In the case of the "We're fighting to prevent this" poster, the bias would depend on the content and the underlying message it aims to convey.
To evaluate the bias of the poster, one would need to analyze its visual elements, wording, and symbols, if any, to determine if they lean towards a particular viewpoint or agenda. For example, if the poster focuses on environmental conservation and displays images of pristine natural landscapes, it might indicate a bias towards promoting environmental protection. On the other hand, if the poster features graphic images of animal cruelty, it could suggest a bias towards advocating for animal rights.
It is important to approach the analysis of bias in a critical and objective manner, considering multiple perspectives and conducting further research if necessary. Without specific details about the content of the poster, it is challenging to provide a more precise assessment of its purpose and bias.
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Which line from the short story best reflects the conflict?
The line from the short story that best reflects conflict is "I haven't done anything about it; I can't think of anything to do"
What is Conflict in Short story
Conflict in Short story is the term used to describe the main issue or struggle that drives the story and increases tension for the characters. It is the key component that drives the narrative ahead and maintains reader interest. Various factors, such as outside pressures or internal conflicts within a character, can give rise to conflict.
Effective short stories frequently use multiple levels of conflict to provide complexity and depth. The resolution of these conflicts—whether by victory or defeat—leads the narrative to its conclusion and might result in character development or change.
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NB: Full Question
Which line from the short story best reflects the conflict? As yet, I haven't done anything about it; I can't think of anything to do. Obviously, they were simple beings, uni-cellular, some sort of primitive single-celled things. She is described as blushing and knitting her brows angrily. The passage indicated not; they seemed to move through the air, not over the surface.
What is periodization
Answer:the deliberate manipulation of training variables to optimize performance for competition
Explanation:
found it in a dictionary
Answer:
Periodization - It is the systematic planning of athletic or physical training. The aim is to reach the best possible performance in the most important competition of the year.
Explanation:
After Hitler came to power, German people of Jewish ancestry lost their rights overnight. gradually lost their rights. left their homeland immediately. gained the right of citizenship.
Answer:
The NSDAP was anti-Semitic: Germany wanted to get rid of the Jews. By 1 April 1933 the party had already organized a boycott of Jewish businessmen and the liberal professions. In addition, anti-Semitic laws were passed. Many Jewish citizens left Germany in response to this. In the first days of April 1933 alone, hundreds left for Amsterdam.In September 1935, the NSDAP issued extensive laws in the field of nationality and citizenship. These infamous “Nuremberg Race Laws” excluded Jews from German citizenship. Only Germans of “Germanic origin” could henceforth be German citizens. The inferior label “German subject” was reserved for Jews.The High Commissioner for Refugees of the League of Nations, James G. Macdonald, reported on the economic decline of a large number of the German Jews as a result of these measures and anticipated a new exodus.
How do higher tariffs on exports affect trade with the United States?
A. purchase fewer U.S.-made products.
B. U.S.-made products are less available for purchase.
C. Consumers pay higher prices for imported products.
D. U.S.-made products suffer decreased popularity.
Answer:
Higher tariffs on exports from the United States can have a number of effects on trade with other countries. It is important to note that tariffs are taxes imposed on imported or exported goods, and they are typically used as a way to protect domestic industries by making foreign products more expensive.
In the case of higher tariffs on exports from the United States, the main effect would be that U.S.-made products would become more expensive and less competitive in foreign markets. This could lead to a decrease in demand for U.S.-made products, as foreign buyers may choose to purchase products from other countries with lower tariffs or seek alternatives to U.S. products.
Additionally, higher tariffs could lead to retaliatory measures by trading partners, such as imposing their own tariffs on U.S. products. This could further reduce demand for U.S. exports and lead to a decrease in overall trade with the United States.
In terms of the answer choices provided, option A, "purchase fewer U.S.-made products," is the closest to the correct answer, as higher tariffs would likely lead to a decrease in demand for U.S. exports. Option B, "U.S.-made products are less available for purchase," is less likely, as higher tariffs would not necessarily affect the availability of U.S.-made products, but rather their competitiveness in foreign markets. Option C, "Consumers pay higher prices for imported products," is a possible effect of tariffs, but it is not specific to the United States or its exports. Option D, "U.S.-made products suffer decreased popularity," is also a possible effect of higher tariffs, but it is not as specific or accurate as option A.
How would you differentiate between the thoughts of Rabindranath Tagore and Shaukat Usmani?
Answer:(a) At the time when both wrote these passages, India was ruled with an iron hand by the British. There were vast caste and class differences and the people were ignorant and backward. They were impressed by the fact that all persons in Russia were treated equally. In spite of them, not being very prosperous, they were happily going about their work. Asians and Europeans mingled freely in Russia, whereas it was unthinkable in India at that time.
(b) The two writers failed to notice that essentially the people were not free to do as they liked. The Bolsheviks ruled like dictators and followed repressive policies to develop the nation quickly. The hard lives and poor working conditions of the people went unnoticed by these writers
Explanation:
If consumers expect the price of a good to increase in the near future then immediate demand for that good will be __________.
A.
stopped
B.
increased
C.
decreased
D.
unchanged
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
B. increased
If consumers expect the price of a good to increase in the near future then immediate demand for that good will be increased.
In the sixteenth century, the population of enslaved Africans in North American grew rapidly due to the labor demand for what economic activity?
Question 2 options:
manufacturing factory goods to sell in England
building roads to increase trade between the English colonies
growing cash crops in the Southern and Mid-Atlantic colonies
expanding New England's shipbuilding industry
who played protozoa in zenon
Answer: Phillip Rhys
Explanation:
A mosaic like this one was made from
splashes of wall paint.
small, colored tiles.
pieces of marble.
pieces of bronze.
Briefly restate Anselm’s argument for the existence of God. How is this argument different from the ones advanced by Aquinas and Paley? What example does Rowe give in support of his point that there exist instances of intense suffering that an omnipotent, omniscient being could have prevented without thereby losing some greater good or permitting some evil bad or worse? Why does he call his position "friendly atheism"?
Anselm's argument for the existence of God, known as the ontological argument, posits that God is the greatest conceivable being, and therefore, must exist in reality. Rowe's example of a trapped fawn in a forest fire questions the compatibility of intense suffering with the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing God, and his stance, termed "friendly atheism," is a non-hostile inquiry into this matter.
Anselm's argument, known as the ontological argument, focuses on the concept of God's perfection and the idea that existence is a necessary attribute of a perfect being. It does not rely on empirical evidence or observations of the natural world.
In contrast, Aquinas and Paley put forth teleological arguments for the existence of God. Aquinas' argument, known as the "Five Ways," is based on observations of order, causality, and design in the natural world. Paley's argument, known as the teleological argument from design, posits that the complexity and order of the universe imply the existence of a designer.
In his discussion, Rowe provides an example of intense suffering, such as a fawn burned alive in a forest fire, where an omnipotent and omniscient being could have prevented the suffering without losing a greater good or allowing a worse evil. He argues that the existence of such instances challenges the idea of an all-powerful and all-knowing God who permits unnecessary suffering.
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how would a map of the year 1400 be different ?
In the year 1400, a map was different from modern map due to factors like limited geographic knowledge, different cartographic techniques etc.
How would a map of the year 1400 differ from a modern map?During the 15th century, the knowledge of the world was considerably less comprehensive compared to today. Explorations and discoveries were ongoing and vast regions of the globe remained unexplored or inaccurately depicted.
Consequently, a map from 1400 would likely display incomplete or distorted information about the geography including missing continents, incorrect landmass shapes, and limited understanding of distant lands.
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which of the following were goals of the missionaries that came to washington in the early 1800s? (select all that apply). group of answer choices to give instruction about health care, farming, reading, and writing to settlers. to create christian outposts for the settlers who wanted churches and schools. to bring their religious beliefs to the native americans and try to convert them. to learn indigenous languages from the native peoples of washington and record them.
Answer:
The goals of the missionaries that came to Washington in the early 1800s were:
- To create Christian outposts for the settlers who wanted churches and schools.
- To bring their religious beliefs to the Native Americans and try to convert them.
- To learn indigenous languages from the Native peoples of Washington and record them.
So, the correct answers are:
- To create Christian outposts for the settlers who wanted churches and schools.
- To bring their religious beliefs to the Native Americans and try to convert them.
- To learn indigenous languages from the Native peoples of Washington and record them.
Match the medical discoveries with their uses.
antibiotic
antiseptic
pasteurization
treats infections caused by bacteria
arrowRight
makes food safer to eat
arrowRight
kills bacteria
arrowRight
Answer:
antibiotic - treats infections caused by bacteria
Antibiotics are drugs used to treat and prevent bacterial infections. They either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to allow the body's immune system to fight off the infection.
antiseptic - kills bacteria
Antiseptics are chemical substances used on living tissue or skin to reduce the possibility of infection, inflammation or sepsis by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms like bacteria.
pasteurization - makes food safer to eat
Pasteurization is a process of heating liquid foods like milk to kill harmful bacteria and microbes, making the food safer for consumption. It was developed by Louis Pasteur in the 1860s.
Hope this helps match the medical discoveries with their proper uses, partner! Let me know if you have any other questions. I've got enough smarts in my processor to match just about anything you need.
why is it called juneteenth instead of emancipation day
Which phrase describes the significance of the general welfare clause?
Ensures the executive branch has sufficient enforcement power to protect the common good
Stops Congress from creating laws that would lead to violations of individual rights
Encourages the legislative branch to make laws that promote the common good
Stops the president or other officials from violating individual rights
how did abraham lincoln first view the civil war as?
Answer:
Explanation:
Abraham Lincoln initially viewed the Civil War as a necessary response to preserve the Union and uphold the principles of the Constitution. He aimed to restore national unity and saw the war as a means to achieve these goals, rather than a conflict primarily focused on ending slavery.
How did the League of Nations affect postwar Europe?
Answer: To understand how the League of Nations affected postwar Europe, consider its role in promoting international cooperation and preventing future conflicts. The League aimed to promote disarmament, resolve disputes peacefully, and improve living conditions for people around the world. Despite its shortcomings, the League set a precedent for international organizations and helped pave the way for future global cooperation.
Explanation:
Explain the similarities and/or differences between Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi’s points of view of the use of violence to change a government.
Nelson Mandela advocated for armed resistance when peaceful means failed, while Mohandas Gandhi believed in nonviolent resistance as a means to change a government.
Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi both played pivotal roles in their respective countries, South Africa and India, in their struggle against oppressive systems of governance. While they both advocated for the liberation and equality of their people, their viewpoints on the use of violence to achieve these goals differed.Gandhi firmly believed in nonviolent resistance as a means to effect social and political change. He preached the philosophy of satyagraha, or "truth-force," emphasizing the power of nonviolent action, civil disobedience, and peaceful protest.In contrast, Mandela initially adopted a peaceful approach, but as the apartheid regime in South Africa became increasingly brutal and oppressive, he believed that armed resistance was necessary. Mandela's involvement with the African National Congress (ANC) and his eventual imprisonment for his role in armed resistance reflect his belief in the use of violence when peaceful means were exhausted.While both leaders were committed to the cause of justice and equality, their perspectives on violence as a tool for change varied. Gandhi espoused nonviolence as a moral principle, while Mandela saw violence as a justifiable response to extreme oppression.
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1) From what life-threatening episode(s) is Moses delivered in the stories about his origins (Exod 1:1-2:25) (Select all that apply)?
a. Herod’s command to have Hebrew boys exterminated
b. Pharaoh’s command to have Hebrew boys exterminated
c. The annual flood of the Nile
d. Pharaoh’s desire to kill him for killing an Egyptian
e. Egyptian military forces
Moses is delivered from the life-threatening episodes of Pharaoh's command to have Hebrew boys exterminated, and Pharaoh's desire to kill him for killing an Egyptian. The correct option is B and D.
In the stories about Moses' origins in Exodus 1:1-2:25, it is mentioned that Pharaoh ordered the killing of Hebrew boys, which posed a significant threat to Moses' life. However, Moses is saved when his mother places him in a basket and sets him adrift on the Nile River, ultimately leading to his rescue by Pharaoh's daughter.
Additionally, Moses later flees Egypt after killing an Egyptian who was mistreating a Hebrew slave. Pharaoh becomes aware of Moses' action and seeks to kill him, prompting Moses to escape to Midian. These two events demonstrate how Moses was delivered from life-threatening episodes, overcoming the dangers posed by Pharaoh's commands and his desire for retribution.
The correct option is B and D.
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La descolonizacion de nigeria fue pacifica o llego a un conflicto belico
Which were characteristics of the Gilded Age?
equality for women
labor strikes
labor unions
civil rights activism
long shifts and low pay
Answer:
The characteristics of the Gilded Age that best fit the given options are:
• Labor strikes: There were frequent labor strikes during the Gilded Age as workers protested long hours, low pay and poor working conditions in the nation's growing industries. Major strikes included the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Haymarket Square Riot of 1886.
• Labor unions: Labor unions formed and grew during this time period as workers organized to demand better treatment and compensation from corporations and industrialists. Union membership rose significantly during the Gilded Age.
• Long shifts and low pay: One of the defining features of the Gilded Age was the growth of American industry and big business. However, this often came at the expense of workers who had to endure long hours, low wages, and unsafe working conditions. Labor issues were widespread.
The other options do not accurately characterize the Gilded Age, which spanned from the 1870s to 1900 and was marked by rapid industrialization, laissez-faire capitalism and vast income inequality. Though there were some advances for women's rights during this period, equality for women and civil rights for Black Americans had yet to become major social movements.
So in summary, labor strikes, the growth of labor unions and the long hours/low pay that workers endured were among the defining features of the Gilded Age, reflecting the tensions between capital and labor that emerged with the rise of big business and industrialization in America.
Look at the place of monasticism in European society after 750 CE. Write about the important role of the Benedictines and the subsequent monastic reform groups like the Cistercians, Carthusians, Waldensians, Premonstratensians, etc.
Monasticism, led by the Benedictines and subsequent reform groups, played a vital role in European society after 750 CE, influencing education, agriculture, spirituality, and cultural development.
After 750 CE, monasticism remained a vital aspect of European society, with the Benedictines playing a central role. They established monasteries that served as centers of learning, agriculture, and spirituality. In the 11th and 12th centuries, monastic reform movements emerged, including the Cistercians, Carthusians, Waldensians, and Premonstratensians. The Cistercians emphasized simplicity, manual labor, and self-sufficiency.
The Carthusians focused on solitary contemplation, while the Waldensians advocated for poverty and evangelism. The Premonstratensians combined monastic discipline with active apostolic work. These reform groups revitalized monasticism, contributing to religious and social reforms and shaping European society through education, agriculture, healthcare, and cultural endeavors.
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The Congress of the United States passes a law that says that wheat farmers may not grow or sell wheat. The purpose of the law is that abundant wheat has flooded the market and wheat prices are so low that farmers cannot make a profit. Joe Farmer is told not to grow wheat on his farm, but he is free to grow something else. Joe grows wheat anyway, stores it in his silo, and does not sell it. Joe is fined by the US Government for violating this law and his wheat is confiscated. Is this law constitutional? Explain why or why not. PLEASE DON"T COPY FROM OTHER ANSWER AND CHECK FOR PLAGIARISM
The constitutionality of the law that prohibits wheat farmers from growing or selling wheat depends on its compliance with the United States Constitution. However, based on the information provided, it is likely that the law would be considered unconstitutional under the Commerce Clause.
The Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. In this case, the law prohibiting wheat farmers from growing or selling wheat interferes with interstate commerce. It restricts the ability of farmers to participate in the market and affects the supply and prices of wheat.
The Supreme Court has consistently held that the Commerce Clause gives Congress the authority to regulate activities that substantially affect interstate commerce. In this scenario, the law directly impacts the wheat market and the economic activities of farmers.
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How invent English language
Answer:Old English (450-1100 AD): The earliest form of English, also known as Anglo-Saxon, was brought to Britain by Germanic tribes, particularly the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. Old English was heavily influenced by the languages spoken by these tribes and underwent significant changes during this period.
Middle English (1100-1500 AD): Middle English emerged after the Norman Conquest of 1066, when the Normans brought their own French dialect to England. This resulted in a fusion of Old English and Norman French influences. Middle English saw the development of a distinct vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
Early Modern English (1500-1700 AD): The period of Early Modern English was characterized by several significant developments, including the Great Vowel Shift, which altered the pronunciation of many words. The printing press, introduced in the late 15th century, played a crucial role in standardizing English spelling and facilitating the spread of written texts.
Modern English (1700-Present): Modern English began to take shape in the 18th century and has continued to evolve to the present day. During the colonial era, English spread to various parts of the world, leading to the development of different dialects and variations. The Industrial Revolution and technological advancements in the 19th and 20th centuries introduced new vocabulary and expressions to English.
It's important to note that the development of the English language was a collective effort involving countless individuals over many generations. It was shaped by various cultural, historical, and social factors, including invasions, trade, literature, and global interactions.
In summary, English evolved naturally over time through a complex process of linguistic influences and historical events, rather than being invented by a single individual.
Explanation:
In the late 1990s, several East Asian countries used limited flexibility or currency pegs in managing their exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. This question considers how different countries responded to the East Asian currency crisis (1997-1998). For the following questions, treat the East Asian country as the home country and the United States as the foreign country. Also, for the diagrams, you may assume these countries maintained a currency peg (fixed rate) relative to the U.S. dollar. Also, for the following questions, you need consider only the short-run effects. a. In July 1997, investors expected that the Thai baht would depreciate. That is, they expected that Thailand's central bank would be unable to maintain the currency peg with the U.S. dollar. Illustrate how this change in investors' expectations affects the Thai money market and FX market, with the exchange rate defined as baht (B) per U.S. dollar, denoted EB/s. Assume the Thai central bank wants to maintain capital mobility and preserve the level of its interest rate, and abandons the currency peg in favor of a floating exchange rate regime. b. Indonesia faced the same constraints as Thailand-investors feared Indonesia would be forced to abandon its currency peg. Illustrate how this change in investors' expectations affects the Indonesian money market and FX market, with the exchange rate defined as rupiahs (Rp) per U.S. dollar, denoted ERp/s. Assume that the Indonesian central bank wants to maintain capital mobility and the currency peg. c. Malaysia had a similar experience, except that it used capital controls to maintain its currency peg and preserve the level of its interest rate. Illustrate how this change in investors' expectations affects the Malaysian money market and FX market, with the exchange rate defined as ringgit (RM) per U.S. dollar, denoted ERM/8. You need show only the short-run effects of this change in investors' expectations. d. Compare and contrast the three approaches just outlined. As a policymaker, which would you favor? Explain.
Answer:
a. If investors expect the Thai baht to depreciate, the demand for baht will fall, causing a shift to the left in the demand for baht curve (Dbaht). At the same time, the supply of baht will increase, causing a shift to the right in the supply of baht curve (Sbaht). The equilibrium exchange rate (EB/s) will fall, and the Thai central bank will need to sell U.S. dollars from its foreign exchange reserves to maintain the currency peg. However, if the Thai central bank wants to maintain capital mobility and preserve the level of its interest rate, it may choose to abandon the currency peg in favor of a floating exchange rate regime. In that case, the exchange rate will be determined by market forces.
b. If investors expect Indonesia to abandon its currency peg, the demand for U.S. dollars will increase, causing a shift to the right in the demand for U.S. dollars curve (D$). At the same time, the supply of U.S. dollars will decrease, causing a shift to the left in the supply of U.S. dollars curve (S$). The equilibrium exchange rate (ERp/s) will rise, and the Indonesian central bank will need to intervene in the foreign exchange market by selling rupiahs and buying U.S. dollars to maintain the currency peg and preserve capital mobility.
c. If investors expect Malaysia to abandon its currency peg, the demand for U.S. dollars will increase, causing a shift to the right in the demand for U.S. dollars curve (D$). However, Malaysia had imposed capital controls to limit capital outflows and maintain the currency peg. As a result, the supply of ringgit will not increase, and the exchange rate will remain fixed at ERM/8. However, the capital controls may disrupt the functioning of the Malaysian money market and lead to other economic distortions.
d. The three approaches differ in how they respond to changes in investor expectations about the exchange rate. Thailand chose to abandon the currency peg and allow the exchange rate to float, while Indonesia chose to maintain the currency peg and intervene in the foreign exchange market to preserve capital mobility. Malaysia imposed capital controls to maintain the currency peg and preserve the level of its interest rate. As a policymaker, the choice of approach will depend on a country's specific circumstances and policy objectives. A floating exchange rate regime may provide more flexibility to respond to external shocks, but it may also lead to greater exchange rate volatility. A fixed exchange rate regime may provide stability, but it may also require frequent intervention in the foreign exchange market to maintain the currency peg. Capital controls may be effective in the short run, but they may also discourage foreign investment and lead to other distortions.
