rosenthal and jacobson’s (1968) study, pygmalion in the classroom, found that

The correct answer is e. Encourage members of the group to dissent in word and action.

The "Ten Steps toward Evil" is a concept developed by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo to explain how ordinary people can engage in evil actions within certain situations. The ten steps are strategies or conditions that can contribute to unethical or harmful behavior. However, encouraging members of the group to dissent in word and action is not one of these steps.

To clarify the other options:

a. Make it difficult to exit the situation: This step refers to creating barriers or constraints that make it challenging for individuals to leave a harmful or unethical situation, thus increasing their involvement or compliance.

b. Provide people with social models of compliance: This step involves offering examples or role models who exhibit compliance with the harmful actions, which can influence others to follow suit.

c. Encourage group members to dehumanize the victim: This step involves promoting a mindset where the victims are dehumanized or perceived as less deserving of empathy or consideration, making it easier for individuals to justify their harmful actions.

d. Provide people with an ideology that can be used to justify beliefs for action: This step involves providing individuals with a belief system or ideology that rationalizes or justifies their participation in unethical behavior.

Therefore, the answer is e. Encourage members of the group to dissent in word and action, as it is not one of the "Ten Steps toward Evil" identified by Zimbardo.

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Yes, the correct answer is C. Quantity. Quantity is not one of the five characteristics common to high-quality information.

High-quality information is typically defined by characteristics such as accuracy, completeness, consistency, timeliness, and relevance. A property called quantity or amount can take the form of a plurality or magnitude, which shows both discontinuity and continuity. More, less, or equal comparisons of quantities are also possible, as is assigning an arbitrary number that is a multiple of the unit of measurement.

The value that information gives to its user is measured by the quality of the information. Since quality is frequently viewed as subjective, the information's quality can differ depending on who uses it and how.

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The type of self control that involves resisting temptations to eat, drink, or take is called dietary self control.

In CJ340.2.1 at Ashworth College, students may learn about the importance of dietary self control in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.A private, for-profit online university with its headquarters in Peachtree Corners, Georgia, is Ashworth College. James Madison High School, PCDI Canada, and Middleton School of Healthcare are its subsidiary schools. The Distance Learning Accrediting Commission has granted Ashworth College accreditation. The U.S. Department of Education lists the International Distance Education Accrediting Committee as a recognised accrediting body.

This may include strategies for managing cravings and resisting the temptation to indulge in unhealthy foods or drinks. By practicing dietary self control, individuals can improve their overall health and well-being.

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Answer:

true

Explanation:

The area of the United States that generally has the highest prevalence of depression, serious psychological distress, and mean number of mentally unhealthy days is the Northeastern region.

Various studies and surveys have indicated that the Northeastern region of the United States tends to have higher rates of mental health issues compared to other regions. Factors such as population density, urbanization, socioeconomic factors, and access to mental health resources can contribute to these higher prevalence rates.

It's worth noting that mental health is a complex issue influenced by multiple factors, and prevalence rates can vary within regions and over time. While the Northeastern region has been associated with higher rates of mental health problems, it does not mean that other regions are unaffected or free from mental health challenges. Mental health is a significant concern nationwide, and access to proper care and support is important across all regions of the country.

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Buccal medications are designed to be absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth, specifically the cheek and gum tissues. The absorption of buccal medications can be affected by several factors:

1. pH of the mouth: The pH of the mouth can affect the ionization and solubility of the medication. Changes in the pH of the mouth due to factors such as diet, saliva production, or medication use can alter the absorption of buccal medications.

2. Blood flow to the site: Blood flow to the buccal tissues can affect the absorption of medications. Increased blood flow can enhance the absorption of the medication, while reduced blood flow can decrease absorption.

3. Presence of food or drink: The presence of food or drink in the mouth can affect the absorption of buccal medications. Food or drink can dilute the medication or alter the pH of the mouth, which can affect the absorption.

4. Saliva flow rate: The rate of saliva flow can affect the absorption of buccal medications. Increased saliva flow can wash away the medication before it can be absorbed, while decreased saliva flow can lead to a prolonged contact time and enhance absorption.

5. Drug properties: The properties of the drug, such as its solubility, lipophilicity, and molecular weight, can affect its absorption through the buccal mucosa.

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The process of converting a neutral stimulus, such as a whistle or a clicker, into a bridge involves a type of associative learning called classical conditioning. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, until the neutral stimulus alone begins to elicit a similar response.

To convert a neutral stimulus into a bridge, it is initially paired with a primary reinforcer, such as food or praise, which naturally reinforces the behaviour. This is done by sounding the whistle or clicker immediately before presenting the primary reinforcer. Over time, the sound of the whistle or clicker becomes associated with the delivery of the primary reinforcer, so it becomes a conditioned reinforcer that can be used to reinforce behaviour on its own.

When using a bridge to reinforce behaviour, the trainer sounds the whistle or clicker immediately after the desired behaviour occurs. This indicates to the animal that the behaviour was correct and that a primary reinforcer will follow. By consistently pairing the bridge with the delivery of the primary reinforcer, the animal learns to associate the bridge with the reinforcement of the behaviour, making it more likely to occur again in the future.

This process of using a bridge to reinforce behaviour is a type of operant conditioning, where behaviour is modified by the consequences that follow it. The bridge serves as a signal to the animal that it has performed the desired behavior, and that a reward is coming. This reinforces the behaviour, making it more likely to be repeated in the future.

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Socrates, due to his father's profession of stonemasonry and his exceptional skills in making arguments move about, is often compared to the mythological figure of Daedalus. Daedalus was a skilled craftsman who was famous for his ability to create intricate and complex structures, including the Labyrinth in which the Minotaur was kept.

Similarly, Socrates was known for his ability to construct elaborate arguments and thought experiments, which he used to challenge his interlocutors and to push them towards a deeper understanding of the issues at hand. In both cases, the figures are seen as masters of their craft, using their intelligence and creativity to achieve great feats.

Additionally, both Socrates and Daedalus were seen as dangerous and potentially subversive, as their abilities could be used to challenge established authorities and to disrupt the status quo. Overall, the comparison between Socrates and Daedalus highlights the importance of skill, creativity, and critical thinking in challenging dominant narratives and in achieving transformative change.

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The subset of a population from which a researcher collects data is known as a sample.

In research, it is often not feasible or practical to collect data from an entire population due to factors such as time, cost, and accessibility. Therefore, researchers select a smaller group, or sample, that represents the larger population of interest.

Sampling is a crucial step in the research process as it determines the generalizability and validity of the findings. The goal is to obtain a sample that is representative of the population so that the findings can be generalized with confidence.

Researchers use various sampling techniques to select a sample from the population. Some commonly used sampling methods include random sampling, stratified sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Each technique has its advantages and limitations, and the choice of sampling method depends on factors such as the research question, resources available, and practical constraints.

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Choosing a career is not likely related to psychodynamic issues such as parental influences.

While psychodynamic issues such as parental influences may play a role in shaping one's beliefs and values, they may not directly impact one's career choice. Other factors, such as personal interests, skills, and job availability, may have a greater influence on career selection. Career choices can also be influenced by societal and cultural factors, such as gender roles and expectations.

Additionally, economic factors such as salary and job stability may also play a role in determining career paths. Ultimately, the decision to pursue a particular career is a complex and multifaceted process that is influenced by a variety of factors and individual experiences.

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The given statement "Al-Jazeera refused to air bin laden’s tapes because they were inflammatory to the arab people." is false because Al Jazeera gained international attention and controversy for broadcasting several tapes and messages from Osama bin Laden and his associates.

Al Jazeera, a Qatar-based news network, was known for its extensive coverage of various political events and issues in the Middle East. The network aimed to provide an alternative perspective to news reporting in the region, often covering topics that were considered controversial or not widely covered by other major news outlets.

While Al Jazeera did face criticism from some quarters for airing bin Laden's tapes, their decision to broadcast them was not based on concerns about inflaming Arab sentiment. Instead, it was driven by journalistic principles of providing access to important news and information, regardless of the content's controversial nature.

It is worth noting that Al Jazeera has also faced criticism and controversy for its coverage and alleged biases on various other topics, but the claim that they refused to air bin Laden's tapes due to concerns about inflaming Arab sentiment is not accurate.

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b. the barrier islands the barrier islands. The archaeologists and anthropologists are most likely to find remnants of the Spanish missions in Georgia at the Barrier Islands.

In Georgia, the most probable location for the group of archaeologists and anthropologists to find remnants of Spanish missions is the Barrier Islands. The Barrier Islands are a chain of islands situated along the coastline of Georgia and were the primary area of Spanish exploration and settlement during the 16th and 17th centuries. Spanish missions were established as a means to convert the native population to Christianity and to exert control over the new territory.

The missions in the Barrier Islands played a significant role in the history of European contact with Native Americans in the region. As a result, researchers interested in studying the remnants of these missions would have the highest likelihood of finding evidence of their existence by focusing their search on the Barrier Islands of Georgia.

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None of the options listed (work-home conflict, cross-pressures, style and effectiveness, and work experience) are characteristics of prejudice according to the leadership labyrinth.

Prejudice is the concept of an unfavourable attitude or beliefs about a specific group based on preconceptions and stereotypes. Infringement, irrationality and a tendency to generalize when data are limited or not complete may form part of the normal characteristics of prejudice.Inflexibility, irrationality and the tendency to generalize a situation because of restricted or fragmentary information can constitute some common characteristics of prejudice. Prejudice can be directed towards various groups, including those based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or social status. A leadership labyrinth is a model for enabling leaders to develop an understanding and manage the complex dynamics of leadership.

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The transportation mode with the highest dollar value of freight in the United States is trucking.  According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, in 2019, trucks moved freight valued at over $11.8 trillion, which accounted for 72.5% of the total value of freight transported in the United States.

This is a significant increase from 2007, when trucks accounted for 68.6% of the total value of freight. Other transportation modes, such as rail, air, and water, accounted for much smaller percentages of the total value of freight transported.
Trucking has become the dominant transportation mode for several reasons. One reason is that trucks provide a high level of flexibility and convenience, allowing for point-to-point delivery of goods. Additionally, the growth of e-commerce and just-in-time manufacturing has increased the demand for fast and reliable transportation of goods, which trucks are well-suited to provide. However, trucking also has its drawbacks, such as high fuel costs and the negative impact on the environment due to emissions.
In conclusion, while there are several transportation modes available for the movement of goods in the United States, trucking remains the most dominant mode in terms of the dollar value of freight transported.

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The behavior of flailing one's limbs wildly with excitement is more consistent with mania, which is characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, impulsivity, and sometimes psychotic features such as delusions and hallucinations.

The symptom described in the question is not catatonia, which is a state of unresponsiveness, rigidity, or abnormal motor behavior. Schizophrenia can also involve these psychotic features, but it is a more complex and chronic mental disorder that typically involves a range of symptoms such as disorganized thinking and speech, social withdrawal, and impaired functioning. In summary, while the behavior of flailing one's limbs wildly with excitement is not specific to any one mental disorder, it may be indicative of mania in the context of someone who has schizophrenia.

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The Native Title Bill, which became law in Australia in 1993, had the long answer of addressing the issue of land rights for Indigenous Australians. It recognized the traditional ownership of land and provided a legal process for Indigenous Australians to claim their native title over land and water. This bill was in response to the High Court's decision in the Mabo case, which recognized the existence of native title rights for Indigenous Australians. The purpose of the Native Title Bill was to ensure that Indigenous Australians were able to claim their traditional land rights and have a say in the management and use of natural resources on their land. It was a significant step towards recognizing and reconciling with the history of dispossession and colonization that Indigenous Australians had experienced.
The purpose of the Native Title Bill, which became law in Australia in 1993, was to legally recognize and protect the land rights of Indigenous Australians. This legislation, known as the Native Title Act, aimed to establish a framework for the resolution of land claims by Indigenous people and provide a legal process for determining native title rights over land and waters. The Act also sought to promote negotiation and agreement-making between Indigenous Australians and other land users, fostering a more inclusive and equitable approach to land management in the country.

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The most immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of feeding.

The rooting reflex is an automatic response observed in newborn infants. When the cheek or mouth area of a baby is touched or stimulated, they instinctively turn their head and open their mouth, searching for a source of nourishment. This reflex helps infants locate the breast or bottle and initiate the feeding process.

The rooting reflex is an essential survival mechanism that ensures newborns can obtain the necessary nutrition for their growth and development. It enables them to instinctively seek and latch onto a nipple, allowing them to receive milk or formula. The reflex fades as infants mature and develop more coordinated feeding skills.

The rooting reflex is just one of many reflexes present in newborns, and it serves the specific purpose of facilitating feeding by directing the infant's attention and mouth toward a source of nourishment.

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In the tertiary sector of the economy, also known as the service sector, most people in the labor force are involved in providing services to consumers or businesses. This includes a wide range of jobs such as healthcare professionals, teachers, lawyers, accountants, customer service representatives, and hospitality workers.

These workers are typically focused on providing services that meet the needs and wants of consumers or businesses, rather than producing goods or raw materials. The tertiary sector has become an increasingly important part of modern economies, particularly in developed countries where manufacturing and agriculture have declined in importance. This shift towards a service-based economy has been driven by a variety of factors, including technological advancements, globalization, and changing consumer preferences.

As a result, service sector jobs have become some of the most common and important types of work in many countries. This trend is expected to continue in the future, as service sector jobs are generally less susceptible to automation and outsourcing than jobs in other sectors of the economy. However, this shift towards a service-based economy has also created new challenges, such as wage stagnation, income inequality, and job insecurity for workers in the sector.

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Simon's four different stages in decision making, in order from first to last, are as follows:
This is the first stage where the decision maker identifies the problem or opportunity, gathers relevant information and tries to understand the situation. The intelligence phase is a crucial step in the decision-making process.

Once the problem has been identified and relevant information has been gathered, the decision maker moves onto the design phase. In this stage, the decision maker creates a range of potential solutions and evaluates each option based on their feasibility, practicality and desirability. Choice Phase: After evaluating the potential solutions in the design phase, the decision maker must make a choice among the available options. In the choice phase, the decision maker selects the best option based on a variety of factors, including cost, risk, impact and feasibility.

Once the decision has been made, the implementation phase begins. In this stage, the decision maker takes action to put the chosen solution into effect. The implementation phase involves monitoring progress and making adjustments as necessary to ensure that the decision achieves the desired outcome.

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The most common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania is that the person is experiencing racing thoughts, high levels of energy, and an elevated mood.

These cognitive symptoms can result in difficulty concentrating or focusing on tasks, and can cause the individual to engage in impulsive or risky behaviors. The individual may also experience an inflated sense of self-esteem or grandiosity, leading them to believe they are capable of achieving anything they desire. In severe cases, the individual may experience psychosis, including delusions or hallucinations. It is important to note that these cognitive symptoms can vary in intensity and duration, and may be influenced by factors such as medication, substance use, and other underlying mental health conditions. Effective treatment for manic symptoms may involve medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage the individual's mood and improve their overall well-being.

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In Dostoevsky's Rebellion, Ivan attempts to convince his younger brother Aloysha that the world created by God is not meaningfully just because of suffering children. Therefore, the correct option is option 4.

Dostoevsky’s Ivan Karamazov expressed his disbelief in God and in a divinely instituted order of morality. Ivan tells his younger brother Alyosha a story of a family where the father systematically abused his children for years. The story represents an attack on God’s goodness and morality.

Ivan does not believe that the suffering of innocents can ever be justified by the benefits of order and justice. Ivan tells Alyosha that a world that is ruled by a just God cannot tolerate children’s suffering. Ivan rejects the notion that suffering is the cost of free will because the cost of children’s suffering is far too great. He concludes that he does not accept the world as God’s creation because he cannot accept children’s suffering as an essential component of the world.

Hence, Ivan believes that the world devised by God is not meaningfully just because of suffering children. Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

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Jim's contemplation of dropping out of high school could be influenced by several factors, including his development during the formal operational period, his personal fable, imaginary audience, and identity versus role confusion.

During the formal operational period, individuals develop abstract reasoning skills, which can make them question authority and conventional wisdom. Jim's big ideas may stem from this development as he begins to think outside the box and challenge traditional ways of thinking.

Jim's personal fable may also be playing a role in his decision-making process. This is a belief that one is unique and special and that their experiences and feelings are unlike anyone else's. Jim may feel that nobody understands him and that he is destined for greatness, leading him to pursue his band and drop out of high school.

The imaginary audience is another factor that may be influencing Jim. This is the belief that others are constantly watching and judging one's behavior and appearance. Jim may feel like everyone is staring at him, leading him to feel self-conscious and misunderstood.

Finally, Jim's decision to drop out of high school could be related to identity versus role confusion. During adolescence, individuals are trying to figure out who they are and what their role in society is. Jim may feel like dropping out of high school and pursuing his passion for music is his true identity, leading him to struggle with the role society has assigned to him.

Overall, Jim's decision to drop out of high school is likely influenced by a combination of these factors, which are all normal aspects of adolescent development. It is important for him to consider the long-term consequences of his decision and to explore other options before making a final choice.

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"In the ninth paragraph, the author makes the following claim about the early years of her writing career - 'she continued writing because encouragement outweighed doubts about her ability'."

In the 9th para-graph, the author rev-eals how her resilience was import-ant for her establish-ment as a wr-iter. This is because she says that at the begin-ning of her career, she did not feel confident in writ-ing, she did not think th-at the texts she wrote were go-od & she was very in-secure about her writing sk-ills, but she was resilient & con-tinued writing even thus, beli-eving that it would get bet-ter little by little & more ea-ch day.

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The biggest single behavioral effect of age-related physical change in late adulthood is typically an increased level of irritability. This is because as we age, our bodies go through various physical changes that can lead to discomfort, pain, and reduced mobility. These changes can make it harder to perform everyday tasks and lead to frustration and irritation.

Additionally, there may be other factors that contribute to irritability in late adulthood, such as changes in social support networks, reduced opportunities for social engagement, and feelings of loneliness or isolation. These factors can lead to increased levels of stress and anxiety, which in turn can manifest as irritability.

While some individuals may experience a decrease in sexual desire in late adulthood, this is not necessarily the most significant behavioral effect of age-related physical change. It is important to note that changes in sexual desire are highly individualized and can be influenced by a wide range of factors, including overall health, relationship status, and personal beliefs and values. Therefore, it is essential to view these changes in the context of the individual and not assume that they are a universal aspect of aging.

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D. Schizophrenia. The disorder that most resembles common notions of insanity, madness, or lunacy is Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (option D) is a mental disorder that most closely aligns with the traditional concepts of insanity, madness, or lunacy. It is a chronic and severe mental health condition characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and impaired cognitive functioning. These symptoms can create a distorted perception of reality for individuals with schizophrenia, often leading to erratic and unpredictable behavior.

Although other disorders like Major depressive disorder, Dissociative identity disorder, Generalized anxiety disorder, and Bipolar disorder can exhibit severe symptoms, they do not embody the conventional ideas of insanity or madness in the same way that schizophrenia does. Schizophrenia stands out as the disorder that most closely matches these common notions.

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The initial response of the skin to being exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays of sunlight is to produce more melanin.

A pigment that gives skin its color. This process is called melanogenesis and it is the skin's natural defense mechanism to protect against further damage from UV rays.

The increased melanin production causes the skin to darken or tan, which provides a certain level of protection against UV damage. However, prolonged exposure to UV rays can cause sunburn and damage to the skin's DNA, which can lead to premature aging and an increased risk of skin cancer.

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The main challenge Martinique is likely to face after losing his wife of forty years is social isolation.

Losing a long-term partner can have a profound impact on an individual's social life. Martinique may experience a significant void in his daily interactions, emotional support, and companionship. The absence of his wife can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation, particularly if they relied heavily on each other for social connection.

While economic strain, cognitive deterioration, and physical shortcomings can also be challenges faced by individuals in such circumstances, social isolation stands out as a primary concern. The loss of a spouse can disrupt social networks and routines, making it crucial for Martinique to find ways to rebuild connections, seek support from friends and family, join support groups, or engage in activities that foster social interaction. Addressing social isolation can significantly contribute to Martinique's emotional well-being and help him navigate through the grieving process.

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Kurt Lewin's Change Management Model presents change as a progressive process that involves three key stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. However, recent research indicates that change is not always a linear process, and that there may be several cycles of change within a given organization or context.

For example, organizational change may be initiated by external factors such as market trends or technological advances, or by internal factors such as leadership changes or employee feedback. These triggers may lead to a period of unfreezing, where the existing beliefs, behaviors, and practices are questioned and challenged. This can be a time of uncertainty and resistance, as people grapple with the need for change and the potential risks and benefits.
Once the need for change has been established, the organization can move into the changing phase, where new behaviors, processes, and systems are introduced and tested. This phase may involve experimentation, piloting, and collaboration, as people work together to find the best ways to implement the changes.
Finally, the organization can move into the refreezing phase, where the new practices and processes are solidified and integrated into the culture and structure of the organization. This may involve training, communication, and reinforcement, as people learn to sustain the changes over time.
Overall, while Lewin's Change Management Model provides a useful framework for understanding the steps to change, it is important to recognize that change is not always a straightforward or linear process. By staying flexible, open to feedback, and willing to adapt, organizations can better navigate the complex and ever-changing landscape of change.

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Answer:

The correct answer would be (c) ."I'm much better at playing tennis than Joe, Raju, and Marcela." This statement reflects apositive and confident outlook on one's ability in a particular area. It shows that the individual values and trusts their own skills and abilities, which is a hallmark of high self-esteem. The other options all reflect a negative or self-defeating attitude, whichcan be indicative of low self-esteem. Option D, on the other hand, demonstrates a willingness to take responsibility for one's actions and make positive choices, which is another characteristic of someone with high self-esteem.

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Answer:

The correct answer is c) Chad, who has autism.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects how people communicate and interact with the world around them. People with autism often have difficulty with social interaction and communication, and they may have restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.

One of the core challenges of autism is difficulty with making emotional connections with other people. People with autism may have difficulty understanding and expressing emotions, and they may not be able to pick up on social cues. This can make it difficult for them to form relationships with other people.

The other children in the list may also have difficulty making emotional connections, but their challenges are not as severe as those of a child with autism. For example, a child with ADHD may have difficulty paying attention and staying focused, which can make it difficult to build relationships. However, they are still able to understand and express emotions. A child with a specific learning disorder may have difficulty with one or more areas of learning, such as reading, writing, or math. However, they are still able to communicate and interact with others. A child with a motor disorder may have difficulty with movement and coordination. However, they are still able to understand and express emotions.

Therefore, the child who would have the most difficult time making an emotional connection with other children is Chad, who has autism.

Explanation: