Rubidium-86 (86Rb) undergoes beta decay. A 9.52 x 10^−5 mol sample of 86Rb emits 8.87 x 10^16 beta particles in one hour. Calculate the half-life (in hours) for 86Rb

The second law of thermodynamics states that energy conversions result in energy lost in a nonuseful form like heat.

The second law of thermodynamics states that although heat can do work, it is not always possible to convert heat completely into other types of energy, because in an energy conversion process an amount of energy is useful and other one is not useful due to  the fact that it cannot be transformed.

In general terms, the second law of thermodynamics speaks of the efficiency in the processes of energy conversion and entropy in systems.

Entropy is defined as the degree or amount of disorder or randomness of a system.  

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The levels of protein structure would be affected if all hydrogen bonding interactions were prevented are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary structures.

There are 4 levels of protein structures:

Primary structures: Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.

secondary structures: Protein secondary structure is the three-dimensional form of local segments of proteins.

tertiary structures: Protein tertiary structure is due to interactions between R groups in the protein.

quarternary structures: Protein quaternary structure is the fourth classification level of protein structure.

The levels of protein structure would be affected if all hydrogen bonding interactions were prevented are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary structures.

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The number of protons in an isotope atom does not change but the number of neutrons does. The iron atom has about twenty-eight isotopes. Such as 45Fe, 46Fe, 47Fe, 48Fe, 49Fe, 50Fe, 51Fe, 52Fe, 53Fe, 54Fe, 55Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, 58Fe, 59Fe, 60Fe, 61Fe, 62Fe, 63Fe, 64Fe, 65Fe, 66Fe, 67Fe, 68Fe, 69Fe, 70Fe, 71Fe and 72Fe.

Among the isotopes, 54Fe (Observationally Stable), 56Fe, 57Fe, and 58Fe are stable and formed naturally. The remaining isotopes of iron are highly unstable and their half-lives are very short.

Isotope Mass number (A) Atomic number (Z) Neutron number = A – Z

45Fe 45.01458 26 19

46Fe 46.00081 26 20

47Fe 46.99289 26 21

48Fe 47.98050 26 22

49Fe 48.97361  26 23

50Fe 49.96299 26 24

51Fe 50.956820 26 25

52Fe 51.948114 26 26

53Fe 52.9453079 26 27

54Fe 53.9396090 26 28

55Fe 54.9382934 26 29

56Fe 55.9349363 26 30

57Fe 56.9353928 26 31

58Fe 57.9332744 26 32

59Fe 58.9348755 26 33

60Fe 59.934072 26 34

61Fe 60.936745 26 35

62Fe 61.936767 26 36

63Fe 62.94037 26 37

64Fe 63.9412 26 38

65Fe 64.94538 26 39

66Fe 65.94678 26 40

67Fe 66.95095 26 41

68Fe 67.95370 26 42

69Fe 68.95878 26 43

70Fe 69.96146 26 44

71Fe 70.96672 26 45

71Fe 71.96962 26 46

Answer:

Protons: 26

Neutrons: 30

Electrons: 24

Explanation:

Thermal energy transfers occur in three ways: through conduction, convection, and radiation. When thermal energy is transferred between neighboring molecules that are in contact with one another, this is called conduction.

11.8 grams of H₂O will be produced.

Balanced chemical equation:

MnO₂ + 4HCl → MnCl₂ + Cl₂ + 2H₂O

n(MnO₂) = 0.86 mol; amount of manganese(IV) oxide

m(HCl) = 48.2 g; mass of hydrochloric acid

n(HCl) = 48.2 g ÷ 36.5 g/mol

n(HCl) = 1.32 mol; amount of the acid

From balanced chemical equation: n(MnO₂) : n(HCl) = 1 : 4

Hydrochloric acid is limited reactant.

From balanced equation: n(HCl) : n(H₂O) = 2 : 1

n(H₂O) = 1.32 mol ÷ 2

n(H₂O) = 0.66 mol; amount of the water

m(H₂O) = n(H₂O) × M(H₂O)

m(H₂O) = 0.66 mol × 18 g/mol

m(H₂O) = 11.8 g; mass of the water

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Using the first-order decomposition rate constant, the concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] after 12.5 minutes is found to be 0.805M.

The concentration of just one reactant determines the outcome of a first-order decomposition process. Even if additional reactants are present, the rate is unaffected by their concentration.

Given:

Rate constant of first-order decomposition, k = 1.70 x [tex]10^-^3 s^-^1[/tex]

Initial concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] = 2.88 M

Time, t = 12.5 min = 750 s

To Find:

Final concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] = ?

Formula:

By using the Rate law,

-d[A] / dt = k[A]

Calculations:

ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]t = - kt + ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]

= - (1.70 x [tex]10^-^3 s^-^1[/tex]) x 750s + ln2.88

= - 1.275 + 1.058

= - 0.217

[tex]e^\(ln[N_2O_5]t[/tex] = [tex]e^\-0.217[/tex]

= 0.805M

Therefore, the concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] after 12.5 minutes is 0.805 M.

Result:

The concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] after 12.5 minutes of reaction is found to be 0.805M

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For unrestrained cube made from linear, isotropic, homogeneous material the temperature increase causes strain in (6,0) direction(s).

It is well known that for unrestrained cube made from linear, isotropic, homogeneous material the temperature increase causes strain in (6,0) direction(s). This is due to the fact that the cube is free to expand in all directions, and thus, the strain is evenly distributed throughout the cube. However, it is interesting to note that the strain in the (6,0) direction is actually slightly greater than in the other directions. This is because the (6,0) direction is the direction of the temperature gradient, and thus, the strain is greater in this direction.

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By solving for the density of the two metal cubes, we can determine if both cubes are made from the same material.

Density, denoted by ρ, is a property of any substance that is defined as the ratio between the mass and volume of the substance.

ρ = m/v

where ρ = density

m = mass

v =  volume

Solving the density of each cube.

Cube 1 :

ρ = m/v

ρ = m/e^3

ρ = 43. 63 g/(3. 2 cm)^3

ρ = 1.3315 g/cm^3

Cube 2 :

ρ = m/v

ρ = m/e^3

ρ = 683. 5 g/(8. 34 cm)^3

ρ = 1.1783 g/cm^3

If two objects have the same density, then they are made from the same material. Since the density of the two cubes are not equal, then they are not made form the same material.

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These are  stereoisomers so option b.

constitutional isomers are structural isomers who have specific type of isomers that share the same molecular formula but different bonding structure and patterns. To identify a constitutional isomer the easy way is to count the number of carbon and the degree.

Isomers that have same composition but have different orientation in space is known as stereoisomers. it is of two types diastereomers and enantiomers.

the non-superimposable mirror images are formed by enantiomers.

diastereomers are not mirror images but they are non-superimposable

Here in this figure the given are stereoisomers and it is diastereomer.

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this question was incomplete and there was no figure. i gave attached a fig accordingly answered the question.

All but one of the halides will produce a precipitate with Silver.

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AgCN will precipitate first.

Precipitation in chemistry is the formation of an insoluble chemical by the reaction of two salts or through temperature changes that affect the solubility of the compound. Additionally, the solid that results from a precipitation reaction is referred to as "precipitate."

Precipitation can be a sign that a chemical reaction has taken place, but it can also happen when the concentration of a solute is higher than its solubility. The process of small, insoluble particles aggregating with one another or forming an interface with a surface, such as a container wall or a seed crystal, is the precursor to precipitation and is known as nucleation.

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Answer:

Point A, Point B, and Point C

Explanation:

Collinear points means that they share the same line. Points A, B, and C all share the line m.

A calorimeter initially contains 175.0 ml of water at 23.6oc. when 1.23 g Na is added to the water, the temperature of the resulting solution rises to a maximum of 44.9oc. the reaction that occurs is-2Na(s)+H2O(l)→2NaOH(aq)+H2(g).

A calorimeter is a tool used in the process of calorimetry, which determines heat capacity and measures the heat produced by chemical reactions or other types of physical changes. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters are a few of the most common types.
Simply put, a simple calorimeter is a metal container with a thermometer placed above a combustion chamber. It is one of the measurement instruments used in the research of chemistry, biochemistry, and thermodynamics.
The enthalpy change per mole of a material A in a reaction between two substances A and B is calculated by adding the components separately to a calorimeter and recording the beginning and final temperatures.

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Answer:

P=9

Explanation:

Formula: P = M/V
First, we need to find the volume. This can be done by: 5 x 3 x 2 which will give us 30

Now we can plug it in
P= 270/30

P=9!  

Three different atomic cations that have 22 protons-

Atomic cations are atoms that have a positive electric charge.

(Chromium) Cr has 24 protons therefore, Cr2+ has = 24 - 2 ⇒ 22 protons.

(Manganese) Mn has 25 protons therefore, Mn3+ has= 25-3 ⇒ 22 protons.

(Iron) Fe has 26 protons therefore, Fe4+ has= 26-4 ⇒ 22 protons.

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Cr²⁺, Mn³⁺ and Fe ⁴⁺ are the chemical symbols for three atomic cations with 22 electrons.

The number of protons inside the nucleus always remains constant.

∴Chemical symbol of three different atomic cation that have 22 electrons-  

1. Cr²⁺

2.Mn³⁺

3. Fe⁴⁺

Atomic cation is the ion with positive electric charge on it, it means it should have more protons than electrons.

•Chromium (Cr) has 24 electrons therefore, Cr²⁺ will have = 24- 2 ⇒22 electrons (+2 charge means it will lose 1 electron from its outer shell)

•Manganese (Mn) has 25 electrons therefore, Mn³⁺ will have = 25-3⇒ 22 electrons. (+3 charge means it will lose 3 electrons from its outer shell)

•Iron (Fe)  has 26 electrons therefore, Fe⁴⁺ will have = 26-4 ⇒ 22 electrons. (+4 charge means it will lose 3 electrons from its outer shell)

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Your question is incorrect. It should be - Write the chemical symbols for three different atomic cations that all have 22 electrons.

Answer:

it would represent sodium

Explanation:

distance of the star ....

Answer:

number of electrons in the star

in order for the wooden to waft in fuel, it needs to have a density much less than the density of fuel and so as for it to sink in ethanol, it must have a greater density than the density of ethanol however ethanol is denser than gasoline therefore if it sinks in ethanol it has to also sink in fuel.

If the wood pressure is much less than the object's weight, the object will sink. So, the piece of timber floats in water whilst located in ethanol it sinks. ethanol is lighter than water so it needs to drift to the floor of the water but this isn't always the actual case. The ethanol in water neither sinks nor floats, alternatively it mixes thoroughly to form a homogenous solution. The purpose of this blending of two solutions is hydrogen bonding between ethanol and water.

Density is a measure of how heavy something is compared to its size. If an item is greater dense than water it will sink while placed in water, and if it's miles much less dense than water it'll float. Density is a functioning asset of a substance and doesn't depend on the amount of substance.

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Answer: All matter has physical and chemical properties. Physical properties are characteristics that scientists can measure without changing the composition of the sample under study, such as mass, color, and volume (the amount of space occupied by a sample). Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substance to react to form new substances; they include its flammability and susceptibility to corrosion. All samples of a pure substance have the same chemical and physical properties. For example, pure copper is always a reddish-brown solid (a physical property) and always dissolves in dilute nitric acid to produce a blue solution and a brown gas (a chemical property).

Physical properties can be extensive or intensive. Extensive properties vary with the amount of the substance and include mass, weight, and volume. Intensive properties, in contrast, do not depend on the amount of the substance; they include color, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and physical state at a given temperature. For example, elemental sulfur is a yellow crystalline solid that does not conduct electricity and has a melting point of 115.2 °C, no matter what amount is examined (Figure 1.3.1). Scientists commonly measure intensive properties to determine a substance’s identity, whereas extensive properties convey information about the amount of the substance in a sample.

All matter has physical and chemical properties. Physical properties are characteristics that scientists can measure without changing the composition of the sample under study, such as mass, color, and volume (the amount of space occupied by a sample). Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substance to react to form new substances; they include its flammability and susceptibility to corrosion. All samples of a pure substance have the same chemical and physical properties. For example, pure copper is always a reddish-brown solid (a physical property) and always dissolves in dilute nitric acid to produce a blue solution and a brown gas (a chemical property).

Physical properties can be extensive or intensive. Extensive properties vary with the amount of the substance and include mass, weight, and volume. Intensive properties, in contrast, do not depend on the amount of the substance; they include color, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and physical state at a given temperature. For example, elemental sulfur is a yellow crystalline solid that does not conduct electricity and has a melting point of 115.2 °C, no matter what amount is examined (Figure 1.3.1). Scientists commonly measure intensive properties to determine a substance’s identity, whereas extensive properties convey information about the amount of the substance in a sample.

Explanation: Read the article and simplify it in your own words.

The amount of energy released (to the nearest tenth) is 23.8 MJ

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ --> 3CO₂ + 4H₂O ΔH = 2043.9 KJ

Molar mass of C₃H₈ = (3 × 12) + (8 × 1) = 36 + 8 = 44 g/mol

Mass of C₃H₈ from the balanced equation = 1 × 44 = 44 g

Thus, we can say that:

From the balanced equation above,

44 g of propane were burned to release 2043.9 KJ of energy

From the balanced equation above,

44 g of propane were burned to release 2043.9 KJ

Therefore,

512 g of propane will burn to release = (512 g × 2043.9 KJ) 44 g = 23783.56 KJ = 23783.56 / 1000 = 23.8 MJ of energy

Thus, 23.8 MJ of energy were released from the reaction

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Three quantities/variables are needed in order to calculate the amount of heat given off or absorbed during a chemical reaction are the substance, the process and the amount of substance.

When a substance in the same state absorbs heat, its temperature increases.

The amount of heat absorbed is proportional to the amount of the substance and the increase in temperature.

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by 1°C is called the specific heat of that substance.

The specific heat of water is  4.18 J/g°C.

The amount of heat, q, absorbed by a given mass (m) of substance with specific heat, s, when its temperature increases by ΔT is given by the following formula: q = m × s × ΔT.

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No, the atoms in buta-1,3-diene don't stay on the same plane due to steric repulsion, infract they change and rotate their planes and lie in separate planes.

What is same plane?

Since atoms with a pi bond cannot spin, they will all be in the same plane if they have a double or triple bond. The atoms also lie in the same plane if they are either trigonal or square planar.

Diatomic and triatomic molecules, as well as those that, with the exception of hydrogen, only exhibit sp2 and/or sp hybridization. Trigonal planar molecules (BF3) and typical diatomic molecules (CO2) will both be in the same plane.

The C-H bond twists as a result of sterric repulsion, moving the hydrogen atoms further from the molecular plane (like Ortho effect). However, there would be little to no sterric repulsions in the case of trans 1,3-butadiene, causing all atoms to lay in a single plane.

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A silent mutation occurs as there is no change according to the blast alignment of the query and subject sequences.

Both the subject sequence's site 1557 and the query sequence's site 1557 are ‘A’. The double-stranded DNA sequence seen above is the sense (+) strand of the pmoc gene, which is predicted to encode pmoc. On translation of the silent mutation gene, the amino acid sequence for the gene is same - glutamine leucine threonine arginine proline arginine proline threonine glutamine alanine valine glycine alanine.

The protein product is unaffected by silent mutations. A nucleotide change still might code for the exact same amino acid as though it had not undergone mutation. The phenotype of both structure and function is maintained when amino acids are constant.

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Answer:

Explanation:

bdbdh

Assuming the sun's energy is radiated uniformly in all directions,  the total power is (π [tex]r . ^{2}[/tex] * σ[tex]R^{2} T^{4}[/tex])/[tex]r^{2}[/tex]

According to Stefan's law, if the sun were a perfect blackbody, its energy output per second would be:

P=σA[tex]T^{4\left \ }[/tex]

(Where P is energy radiated per second and A is the area of the sun.)

⇒P=σ×4π[tex]R^{2} T^{4}[/tex].............(1)

Assuming r>>r., the strength of this power at the earth's surface is

I= P/4π[tex]r^{2}[/tex]

​⇒I= σ×4π[tex]R^{2} T^{4}[/tex]/4π[tex]r^{2}[/tex]

(Inserting the value obtained from equation (1))

⇒I= σ[tex]R^{2} T^{2}[/tex]/[tex]r^{2}[/tex]

Due to its great distance from the sun, the earth only receives a small portion of the energy that is radiated. The earth can be visualized as a little disc with a radius equal to that of the planet.

The disc's surface area is [tex]r .^{2}[/tex] hence the earth's total radiant energy as received is:

PE=π[tex]r. ^{2}[/tex]×I

P E = (π [tex]r . ^{2}[/tex] * σ[tex]R^{2} T^{4}[/tex])/[tex]r^{2}[/tex]

Assuming the sun's energy is radiated uniformly in all directions,  the total power is (π [tex]r . ^{2}[/tex] * σ[tex]R^{2} T^{4}[/tex])/[tex]r^{2}[/tex]

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Its asked price in$ on the previous day is the bid price is the sum a dealer offers to buy a bond at.

A bid price is the sum that a buyer is prepared to pay for a contract, commodity, asset, security, or other item, among other things. It is called a "bid" in many marketplaces and locations.

The "ask" price, which is the amount that sellers are willing to accept an offer, is often reduced by a bid. The bid-ask spread is the difference between the two prices.

Market makers may submit bids on securities on an ongoing basis or in response to a seller's request for a price at which they can sell. Unsolicited bids are those made by a bidder when a seller isn't actively trying to sell, which occasionally happens.

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