A sizable, round sac bag called a vacuole is located in the cytoplasm. Water, food, waste, and other substances that the cell needs are kept there.
Certain protist, animal, bacterial, plant, and fungus cells all contain vacuoles, which are membrane-bound organelles. Vacuoles are water-filled chambers where both organic and inorganic molecules, including enzymes, are found. However, in some circumstances, vacuoles may also include solids that have been engulfed. Vacuoles are essentially just bigger versions of membrane vesicles because they are created by the fusing of many of them. The size and shape of the organelle are not fixed; instead, they change depending on the needs of the cell.
Vacuoles serve different purposes and have different biological significance depending on the type of cell they are found in. They are far more prominent in plant, fungal, and some protist cells than in animal and bacterial cells. The vacuole serves a variety of purposes, including:
1) Plant cells that contain water.
3) Retaining waste products.
2) Isolating substances that might be dangerous or a hazard to the cell.
4) Preserving an internally acidic pH.
5) The central vacuole's pressure enables plants to support structures like leaves and flowers.
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turkey vultures eat carrion, which is decaying animal matter, like roadkill. how are they classified?(1 point)
Turkey vultures have a huge impact on the health of our ecosystems. They remove decomposing bodies, serving as nature's cleaning staff.
The balance of our ecosystems is maintained in large part by vultures. Without them, carcasses would accumulate and infections would spread from rotting flesh. This limits the spread of specific diseases and improves the general air quality.They quickly consume carrion before it decomposes because their extraordinarily high stomach acids disintegrate many of the harmful compounds present in dead animals.Vultures are excellent in removing diseases and pollutants from the environment because they often devour dead animal corpses. Turkey vultures are therefore carnivores that eat rotting animal matter.
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the polymer of the macromolecule that is made in the ribosome
The macromolecule produced by the ribosome is a polymer consisting of α-L-amino acids.
Backbone-extended monomers' poor compatibility with the translation apparatus makes ribosome-mediated polymerization of these monomers into polypeptides difficult. A further bottleneck is the methods used to acylate (or charge) these monomers in order to create aminoacyl-tRNA substrates. The ribosome and related components for protein biosynthesis, which make up the cellular translation system, catalyze the synthesis of sequence-defined polymers (polypeptides) using a variety of amino-acylated transfer RNA (tRNA) substrates and a predetermined coding template (messenger RNA). The potential diversity of polymers that can be generated is constrained in nature because this method only uses a small number of α-L-amino acid monomers.
However, efforts to increase the genetic code have demonstrated that the natural translation system is capable of selectively adopting a wide variety of non-canonical monomers over the past 20 years.
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While the atria are relaxing, the ventricles are in systole/diastole and the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are open/closed whereas the semilunar valves are open/closed
While the atria are in diastole (relaxing), the ventricles are in systole (contracting). The tricuspid and bicuspid valves (also known as the atrioventricular valves) are closed during ventricular systole, and the semilunar valves (the aortic and pulmonary valves) are open, allowing blood to be pumped out of the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
While the atria are relaxing and filling with blood, the ventricles are contracting and expelling blood. This is known as the cardiac cycle, which is divided into two phases: systole and diastole.
During diastole, the atria are in a relaxed state while the ventricles are in a relaxed state. In this phase, the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, also known as the atrioventricular valves, are open, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles.
The semilunar valves, the pulmonary and aortic valves, are closed, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricles from the pulmonary artery and aorta.
As the ventricles contract during systole, the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close, preventing blood from flowing back into the atria. This increase in pressure in the ventricles causes the semilunar valves to open, and blood is forced out of the heart and into the circulatory system. The atria then begin to fill with blood again, and the cycle repeats.
The cardiac cycle is controlled by electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node, which coordinate the contraction of the atria and ventricles.
The heart's ability to pump blood efficiently is dependent on the proper timing and coordination of the cardiac cycle. Overall, this cycle is vital for the oxygenation and nutrition of the body by pumping the blood and supplying it to all the body parts.
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where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found
The respiratory tract is where pseudostratified columnar epithelia most frequently occur. On the apical surface of these cells, cilia are present.
In contrast to the skin's epithelium, a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium appears to have several layers but is actually made up of just one sheet of cells. This illusion results from the arrangement of the nuclei within the individual columnar cells. These formations, which may be seen clearly under a microscope, can be found at different depths, giving the illusion of stratification. The cilia, which resemble microscopic hairs and line the cells, are easier to see under a microscope. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells are most prevalent along the respiratory tract and function to trap and move foreign objects into the lungs and nasal passages.
The function of pseudostratified epithelia is secretion or absorption. Since stratified epithelia lack cilia, a specimen that seems stratified yet possesses cilia is actually a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium. The trachea and bronchi are more frequently lined with ciliated epithelia. The bigger ducts, like the parotid gland ducts, are lined with non-ciliated epithelia.
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Which layer of skin does the hair originate from
The first and second layers of skin are where hair is born. The epidermis is the outermost layer, whereas the dermis is the second layer.
A hair's root and strand are encased in a tube-like structure called a hair follicle. Our skin's top two layers contain hair follicles. Our skin's first and second layers, as well as occasionally your third layer (hypodermis), are home to the follicles that hold our terminal hair, which includes the hair on our scalp, eyelashes, and brows.
Even though it is the thinnest layer of skin, the epidermis, which has five layers of its own, guards you from the elements. The top two layers of skin on your body are the dermis and epidermis. The top layer is called the epidermis, while the middle layer is called the dermis. The epidermis and hypodermis are separated by the dermis.
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Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is likely to be true?
A.
The genes of homologous chromosomes may interact with each other to influence traits.
B.
Homologous chromosomes are found in diploid cells.
C.
Homologous chromosomes typically have the same genes in the same locations.
D.
all of these
Answer:
D. all of these
Explanation:
All the statements are likely to be true:
A. The genes of homologous chromosomes may interact with each other to influence traits.
B. Homologous chromosomes are found in diploid cells.
C. Homologous chromosomes typically have the same genes in the same locations.
why are there no chloroplasts contained within the cells of the onion, even though they are plant cells?
There are no chloroplasts contained within the cells of the onion, even though they are plant cells because energy is stored in the onion fruiting body (bulb) rather than through photosynthesis.
A specialized organelle that is not found in animals is present in plants. Chlorophyll, a pigmented chemical, is found in these chloroplasts. This makes photosynthesis in plants easier and gives plants their typical green color.
Because the onion grows underground, the bulb does not contain chloroplasts. These organelles are not required if chloroplasts are not going to be exposed to sunlight because they are used to make sugar in the presence of sunlight. Instead, the onion begins its growth with energy reserves before producing a stem. The only chloroplasts in the plant are found in this greenery.
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_________will undergo __________ fermentation and convert 2 pyruvic acid molecules into ________and _________
Answer:
NADH and ATP will undergo lactic acid fermentation and create 2 pyruvic acid molecules into ADP and NAP+
Explanation:
I just used da formula --> Glucose + ADP + NADH → Lactic acids + ATP + NAD+
Fill in the blank: the variable that is observed and measured in an experiment is the ________.
a) independent variable
b) dependent variable
c) controlled variable
d) experimental variable
The variable that is observed and measured in an experiment is the (b) dependent variable.
What is meant by experiment?An experiment is a technique used to confirm or deny a hypothesis, as well as assess the likelihood or effectiveness of something that has never been tried before.
Experiments show what happens when a specific factor is modified, which sheds light on cause-and-effect relationships.
The purpose and scope of experiments vary widely, but they all rely on a repeatable process and a logical examination of the outcomes.
Natural experimental experiments are also a thing.
While a youngster may conduct simple experiments to better grasp how objects fall to the ground, scientific teams may spend years conducting thorough research to increase their understanding of a phenomenon.
In the scientific classroom, experiments and other hands-on activities are crucial to students' learning.
A variable is an element or circumstance that can change or take on different values in a scientific experiment or study. The variable being measured, observed, and whose changes are being examined in relation to the independent variable is the dependent variable. The variable that the researcher is manipulating or controlling and whose impact on the dependent variable is being investigated is known as the independent variable.
The explanation of variable or dependent variable are:Temperature, for instance, would be the independent variable and plant growth, the dependent variable in a study looking at how temperature affects plant growth. The temperature would be changed (for example, some plants would be kept at a warm temperature while others were kept at a lower temperature), and the researcher would measure the growth of the plants to determine how the temperature influenced it.
The independent variable is typically something the researcher can influence, whereas the dependent variable is something the researcher can track and quantify.
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Imagine that you are a genetic counsellor, and a couple planning to start a family comes to you for information. Mary’s brother has albinism (recessive disorder), but Mary's parents do not have albinism. Her husband, John, has been tested and has not been found to be a carrier. What is the probability that Mary is a carrier?
Albinism is autosomal recessive inheritance. Hence, the probability that Marry is a carrier is 1/2.
What is autosomal recessive inheritance?Using autosomal recessive inheritance, a genetic disorder or trait can be passed from parent to offspring. When a child receives one copy of a mutant (changed) gene from each parent, a genetic disease may result. A child with an autosomal recessive disease typically does not have affected parents.
Albinism is an example of autosomal recessive inheritance in which hair and skin color is very light due to a lack of melanin hormone. This condition increases the risk of skin cancer.
Each kind of albinism is caused by a mutation of a particular gene on a particular chromosome, which results in the malfunction of melanocytes. Thus, the probability that Marry is a carrier is 1/2.
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S8.A.3.1.1 Describe a System
Question 4
The human body is composed of many systems that operate to maintain
homeostasis. The digestive system is made up of many distinct parts that
serve to perform the function of supplying the body with the necessary
energy to perform all bodily
functions.
What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system?
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, along with your liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, make up your digestive system.
What is Digestive system?The GI tract is made up of a number of interconnected hollow organs that extend from your mouth to your anus.
Your mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus are the organs that make up your GI tract, in the order that they are joined.
Your digestive system is specially designed to carry out its function of converting food into the nutrients and energy you require to exist. After that, it conveniently compresses your solid waste, or stool, for disposal the next time you have a bowel movement.
Therefore, The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, along with your liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, make up your digestive system.
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Answer:
(A): using muscle contraction and enzymes to break down food
Explanation:
at least on my end
two linked genes(a) and (b) are seprated by 18 m.u. a man with genotype aa bb marries a woman who is aa bb. the man's father was aa and bb. what is the probability that their first two children will both be ab/ab?
The probability that their first two children will both be ab/ab genotype is (41/100) ×(41/100) =0.1681.
The genetic distance between two genes is 18 cM. This suggests that recombination frequency between two genes is 18%. Hence the recombinant gamete produced by heterozygous parent is 18%
The parental gametes are 100-18= 82%
Now it is given that man's father is AABB. This suggest that man's genotype is in cis condition. Man's genotype is AB/ab
Parents : AB/ab (Man) × ab/ ab (Woman)
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If a population of four o'clock flowers consists of 5 RR plants (red flowers), 2 Rr plants (pink flowers), and one rr plant (white flowers), the phenotype frequency of plants with pink flowers is ______.
If a population of four o'clock flowers consists of 5 RR plants (red flowers), 2 Rr plants (pink flowers), and one rr plant (white flowers), the phenotype frequency of plants with pink flowers is _0.25_.
What is Phenotype ?The observable traits of an individual brought about by the expression of genes; the clinical manifestation of a person with a specific genotype.
Genotype is the distinctive DNA pattern of each individual. The two alleles a person acquired for a single gene are more specifically referred to by this phrase. The clinical presentation of a patient's condition is the observable expression of this genotype.
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A major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication lines, linking all parts of the body to the CNS.
The CNS communicates with the body's muscles, glands, and sensory receptors via the PNS (cranial and spinal nerves and ganglia).
Your nervous system's portion that is located apart from your brain and spinal cord is known as your peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is essential for carrying out both brain and body directives as well as relaying information from various sections of the body back to the brain.One of the two parts that make up the nervous system in bilateral animals is the peripheral nervous system (PNS), with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS is made up of ganglia and nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord. As a sort of relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body, the PNS's primary job is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs. [2] In contrast to the CNS, the PNS is not shielded by the blood-brain barrier, the vertebral column, or the skull, leaving it vulnerable to toxins.
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Compare conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive modes of DNA replication. Sort each characteristic into the appropriate mode of DNA replication.
Three modes of DNA replication:
Semi conservativeConservativeDispersive modeEach daughter strand is made up of one old and one new DNA strand. The original double helix is still intact. The new double helix of DNA is created as a single unit. The ancient DNA has been completely preserved. For this mechanism of replication, the individual covalent phosphodiester linkages must be separated.
The biological process of making 2 identical duplicates of DNA from a single original DNA molecule which is known as DNA replication. DNA replication occurs in all living creatures and is the most important component of biological heredity. This is required for cell division during development and tissue repair, as well as ensuring that each new cell has its own copy of the DNA.
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Observe the two scenarios involving electrically charged objects. Predict what will happen when you bring the objects close together. (2 points) The balloon will attract the soda can, while the two balloons will repel each other. The balloon will attract the soda can, while the two balloons will do nothing. The balloon will repel the soda can, while the two balloons will also repel each other. The balloon and soda can will do nothing, while the two balloons will repel each other.
A negatively charged inflatable is brought in close proximity to a positively charged beverage can in the first scenario. The second scenario involves bringing a negatively charged balloon up close to another negatively charged balloon. While the two balloons will reject one another, the balloon will draw the soda can.
What transpires when two electrically charged items come into proximity to one another?Like charges repel one other, but opposite charges attract. Whenever two negative charges objects are brought close to one another, an attractive force is created. The same repelling force is generated when two positively charged objects are brought close to one another.
What happens when two particles that are negatively charged get close to one another?When two positively charged particles come into contact, a repelling force is generated. The repelling force moves along their centres and in a straight line. This is referred to as an electrostatic repulsion or coulomb interaction.
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A cell with two full sets of chromosomes would be termed a _______________ cell.
A. haploid B. sister C. somatic D. diploid
Answer: Diploid
Explanation:
Diploid is the cell which contains the two full set of chromosomes (2n).
Which of the following statements is true?
A
Cell processes that decrease entropy within a living organism can occur without an input of energy.
(Choice B)
B
Living cells can violate the second law of thermodynamics when they build large, ordered molecules from smaller, less-ordered starting materials.
(Choice C)
C
The organization seen in living cells, tissues, and organs is maintained by a constant input of energy.
(Choice D)
D
The net effect of endothermic reactions in an organism and the release of heat into the surroundings is an overall decrease in the entropy of the universe.
option C is true among the given statement. The organization seen in living cells, tissues, and organs is maintained by a constant input of energy.
It is easier to think of the body's structures in terms of fundamental organizational levels that increase in complexity: subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, and biosphere. Scientists examine the simplest building blocks of matter to study the chemical level of organization: subatomic particles, atoms, and molecules. All matter in the universe is made up of one or more distinct pure substances known as elements, with hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, calcium, and iron being familiar examples. An atom is the smallest unit of these pure substances (elements). Subatomic particles such as the proton, electron, and neutron comprise atoms.
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In which two phases of mitosis does the nuclear membrane appear or disappear?
The nuclear membrane disappears during prophase and does not reappear until metaphase. It reappears during mitosis in the telophase. The nuclear membrane disappears during prophase and does not reappear until metaphase. It reappears during mitosis in the telophase.
It is a type of cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
Mitosis occurs in four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Prophase and telophase are the two phases of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane disappears and reappears.
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Protists are famous for being a diverse and interesting group. One cool fact is that they can be either _______ or _______.
Select one:
a.
eukaryotic, prokaryotic
b.
bacteria, monerans
c.
plant, animal
d.
unicellular, multi-cellular
Protists are famous for being a diverse and interesting group. One cool fact is that they can be either bacteria or monerans.
What are the characteristics of protists?A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor, the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade.
Three types of animal-like protists are paramecium, euglena, and amoebas. Euglena is special in that they are both animal-like and plant-like.
Protist is any member of a group of diverse eukaryotic, predominantly unicellular microscopic organisms. They may share certain morphological and physiological characteristics with animals or plants or both.
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Thinking
e rag
11 Apply Look around you to find an object
in motion. Describe the object's motion by
discussing its position and direction of motion
in relation to a reference point. Then explain
how you could determine the object's speed.
I observe a fan blowing around the room. The fan is rotating in a clockwise direction and is moving in a circular pattern around the room.
What is the clockwise ?
Clockwise is a direction that is determined by the movement of a clock's hands: from the top of the clock to the right, then down and to the left, and then back up to the top. It is the opposite of counterclockwise. Clockwise motion can be seen in the rotations of fans, wheels, and other objects. It is also used to describe the order in which people or things move around in a circle. In relation to a reference point, the fan is moving at a constant distance away from the point in a clockwise direction. To determine the speed of the fan I could time how long it.
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How many different combinations of height genes can each parent make in their gametes?
Given that each parent has gametes with four different allele combinations, this cross can result in any of sixteen possible outcomes. A reproductive cell in an animal or plant is called a gamete.
a fully formed male or female germ cell with a haploid chromosome set that may mate with a gamete of the opposite sex to produce a new diploid individual. Sperm and ova are the names for the male and female gametes of animals. As haploid cells, eggs and sperm have one copy of each chromosome in each cell. During fertilisation, a sperm and an ovum come together to produce a new diploid organism. A hamlet is a small town without a village hall or another important hub for church or socialising. Imagine a small collection of structures strewn around a highway or at a crossroads, maybe cut off from the towns nearby by a piece of farmland or the surrounding countryside.
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What type of selection occurs by selective breeding of plants or animals by humans in order to pass specific traits on to the next generation?
Artificial selection is the identification of desirable traits in plants and animals by humans, as well as the steps taken to improve and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
Artificial selection works in the same way as natural selection, except that in natural selection, nature makes the decisions rather than humans. In nature, organisms produce more offspring than they can survive and reproduce. Offspring with traits that make them more likely to survive, mature, and reproduce in their environment pass those traits on to the next generation. Natural selection acts as a sieve, or remover of undesirable traits, as this occurs generation after generation. As a result, organisms gradually adapt to their environment. Natural selection will change if the environment changes.
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In the 1940s, the scientist J. B. S. Haldane linked many human red blood cell disorders with the tropical regions where malaria occurs. Haldane hypothesized that the widespread presence of these red blood cell disorders as well as traits that protect individuals from malaria were the result of natural selection. Haldane’s hypothesis was later confirmed by the research of A. C. Allison. The resistance to malaria carried by individuals in areas where malaria is widespread is the result of
The resistance to malaria carried by individuals in areas where malaria is widespread is the result of: individual's own composition of genes.
Malaria is a disease caused by the bite of the species of Plasmodium. It is a febrile disease. The general symptoms are: fever, chills, and flu-like conditions. Upon biting, the mosquito injects the malarial parasites inside the body that cause the disease.
Genes are the basic factors that contain the information for the traits of an individual. Genes are the small segments of the large DNA. Each gene is responsible for encoding the information for a specific protein.
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Most psychiatric hospitals are a form of primary care.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
hope this helps
contains loose connective tissue and sensory touch receptors and is the layer which makes finger prints
Loose connective tissue and sensory touch receptors is the layer which makes fingerprints?
Fingerprints are caused by the skin's papillary layer. The papillary layer, which is a layer within the dermal layer of skin, is what causes the fingerprints to appear on the skin.
The papillary layer is composed of loose areolar connective tissue, which causes the collagen and elastin fibers that make up this layer to create a loose mesh. This superficial layer of the dermis protrudes into the basal layer of the epidermis to generate dermal papillae, which resemble fingers. Fibroblasts, a modest number of adipocytes, and an abundance of tiny blood capillaries are present in the papillary layer. The papillary layer contains defense cells called phagocytes as well, which help fight off bacteria and other pathogens that have entered the skin. Additionally, this layer includes Meissner corpuscles, which are touch sensors, lymphatic capillaries, and nerve fibers.
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hazards and safety practices of raising animals
look up the formula for macconkey agar either in a microbiology textbook or online. is this a chemically defined or a chemically complex media? why is that important?
Media that have a certain level of nutrients are known as chemically defined media. Take glucose salt broth, for instance.
Because the precise makeup of every nutrient in the medium, including peptone source (pancreatic digest of gelatin) and proteose peptone (meat and casein), is unknown, MacConkey agar is a chemically complicated medium. It offers a variety of growth factors, vitamins, and other amino acids, but it is unknown what exactly goes into making them, and the composition can change from batch to batch of media.
Chemically complicated media are crucial since it is impossible to know what all microbes need to survive. The majority of bacteria can grow on this medium without any problems.
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If the haploid number for a species is 3, each dividing diploid cell will have how many chromatids at metaphase?a. 3 b. 6 c. 9d. 12 e. 18
Each dividing diploid cell will have 12 chromatids at metaphase in mitosis if the haploid number for a species is 3. d)12
One of a chromosome's two identical halves that has been replicated in order to get the cell to divide is called a chromatid. A chromosomal region known as the centromere is where the two "sister" chromatids are fused. Spindle fibres join to the centromere during cell division and pull the sister chromatids to the opposing sides of the cell. Following this, the cell divides in two, producing daughter cells with the same DNA.Chromatid. In order to replace damaged cells that cannot be healed or proliferate, cell replication is crucial. The cells present when a cut on your skin heals are a good illustration of this. Similar to the old cells, the new cells are also identical. Your chromosomes, which contain the genetic material that determines who you are, must be replicated and sent to every new cell as a part of cell replication. It is possible to carefully separate these chromosome copies, known as chromatids, into new daughter cells while still preserving the right number of chromosomes in each cell.
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e
Using the cell-as-a-city
analogy, what is a vacuole?
A. A power plant because it produces
energy for the cell.
B. A warehouse because it stores nutrients
and water.
C. Waste management because it helps the
cell get rid of waste.
A vacuole is waste management because it helps the cell get rid of waste. The correct option is C.
What is a vacuole?A membrane-bound cell organelle known as a vacuole. Animal cells typically have tiny vacuoles that aid in the sequestration of waste. Vacuoles in plant cells aid in preserving the equilibrium of water.
Maintaining cell acidity and turgor pressure, controlling the storage and movement of substances, regulating the transport and localization of crucial proteins.
These are done through the endocytic and lysosomal-vacuolar transport pathways, and responding to biotic and abiotic stresses are among the primary roles of vacuoles.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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