RNA polymerase binds to a portion of a gene's DNA known as the promoter to start transcription of the gene.
The promoter region is the region of DNA sequence which the RNA polymer binds to to initiate transcription. According to genomics, a gene's promoter is the area of DNA upstream of it where important proteins, such RNA polymerase and transcription factors, bind to start the gene's transcription. A molecule of RNA is created as a result of the transcription (such as mRNA).
A promoter is a person or group that aids in funding a certain financial endeavor. Promoters frequently advocate penny stocks, a market where making false claims and misrepresenting a company's or its prospects are frequent occurrences.
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Do you think that water pollution is worse now than it was in the past?
Yes, water pollution is worse than how it was before.
Earlier, when human civilizations had just begun to develop and make their way into the modern ages, they never really understood how much hard they were being on their resources. Since it was all theirs for the taking, it was obvious they never gave a second thought to how, what and why the way they were doing things was wrong.
This pollution started way back then and has only increased since then at an alarming rate. Rivers, lakes, ponds, even the oceans haven't been left untainted in this quest for becoming better.
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HI! PLEASE HELP (it will mean a lot)
How does a homeostatic imbalance, such as diabetes, provide evidence for feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis?
The homeostatic imbalance, such as diabetes, provides evidence for feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis because they are able to increase or decrease the imbalance of the system and thus we can observe the outcome.
What is a biological feedback mechanism?A biological feedback mechanism is any type of pathway in an organism whose output is able to modify the input of the system, thereby producing a relationship that may be positive (i.e., positive biological feedback mechanism) or negative (i.e., negative biological feedback mechanisms).
The biological feedback mechanism is able to change the input and therefore we can trace a given output by means of its input.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a biological feedback mechanism can be used to understand the intrinsic features of a homeostatic mechanism by observing the relationships between the output and the input, which may be positive or negative.
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A forensic anthropologist is attending your school’s career
fair. She brings with her both actual bone specimens as well as a presentation.
She picks up a hip bone and says “did you know that when you are born this bone
is actually three separate bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis? In most of you
they are just now beginning to fuse together.” Then, while holding a femur she
explained that “the ends of the long bones fuse to the shaft at various ages,
and for the femur, this is between 14 and 21 years, and for the clavicle, it
occurs between 20 and 30 years of age. Why do you think the skeleton starts off
with more separate bones and fuses them along the life span? Are there any
advantages to either unfused or fused bones?
The skeleton(hipbones) starts off with more separate bones and fuses them along the life span to allow for complete development of underlying organs and for flexibility needed during the birth of the developing foetus. This flexibility is the advantage of the unfused bone before birth.
What is skeleton?Skeleton is defined as the hard structures that makes up the musculoskeletal system specific f the body which provides support and ability for movement.
During the development of the foetus, not all the bones of the body are fused especially the bones of the skull and the bones of the hip. This leads to the total number of bones in a baby being 300 bones and that of an adult is 206.
After birth, the bones of an infant undergoes ossification. That is to say that the skull and hip bones which where separate before birth fuses together and forms a stronger structure.
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What is the blood type of individuals who cannot add the terminal sugar to the h substance?.
The blood type of individuals who can't add the terminal sugar to the H substance is the O blood type.
Blood types are determined by the presence (or absence) of certain antigens in the blood. Antigens are substances that are able to trigger the immune response.
The major blood type groups are based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells. In addition to A and B antigens, there is also a protein that can be either present or absent called the Rh factor. Combined, A and B antigens and Rh factor create eight major groups of blood types.
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How can we best summarize the role of watson and crick in discovering the structure of dna?.
They created a key speculation for the shape of DNA. (They did now no longer carry out experiments themselves; they created a accurate speculation the usage of statistics from a couple of sources.)
Watson and Crick evolved their thoughts approximately genetic replication in a 2d article in Nature, posted on May 30, 1953. The had proven that during DNA, shape is function: the double-stranded molecule may want to each produce genuine copies of itself and deliver genetic instructions.
Taken in 1952, this picture is the primary X-ray image of DNA, which caused the invention of its molecular shape through Watson and Crick. Created through Rosalind Franklin the usage of a method referred to as X-ray crystallography, it found out the helical form of the DNA molecule.
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If 35s was found in progeny phages rather than 32p, hershey and chase would have concluded that.
It would have been Hershey and Chase's conclusion that phage protein enters the host cell.
With radioactive 32P, what portion of the phage did Hershey and Chase label?Since amino acids are not found in DNA but phosphorus is, radioactive phosphorus-32 was employed to identify the DNA in the T2 phage. Because sulfur is present in protein but not DNA, radioactive sulfur-35 was employed to identify the T2 phage's protein portions.
Hershey and Chase used 32P and 35S for what reasons?Since phosphorus does not exist in protein but does exist in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), it was employed in the Hershey-Chase experiment. The amino acids cysteine and methionine, in contrast, contain sulfur (S). Because DNA cannot be labelled, 35S was only employed to label proteins.
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Before being harvested and sold, an individual cranberry must bounce at least how many inches high to make sure they aren't too ripe?.
Before being harvested and sold, an individual cranberry must bounce at least 12 inches high to make sure they aren't too ripe.
What is harvesting?
When all the minerals have formed and the edible sections have achieved the proper level of maturity, the plant is harvested, which is the process of gathering the useful part or parts of the plant. Typically, the grain is harvested 10 to 15 days after it reaches physiological maturity.
Therefore, Before being harvested and sold, an individual cranberry must bounce at least 12 inches high to make sure they aren't too ripe.
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If 32 % of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule are guanine, what percentage of the nucleotides will be thymine?
36 %
32 %
18 %
64 %
The DNA contains four nitrogen bases, with purines and pyrimidines having a one-to-one ratio. If 32% of the DNA has guanine, then 18% will be thymine. The third option is true.
How is the DNA base pair formed?The DNA nucleotide has four bases, such as adenine (A) and guanine (G); these are purines with double ring structures, and the other two are cytosine (C) and thymine (T); these are pyrimidines. A purine forms a bond with a pyrimidine, for example, A with T and C with G. If the guanine is 32%, then the cytosine is 32% too, as they make a bond with each other. The GC bond will take 64% of the total, the AT bond will take 36%, and each will be 18%.
Hence, the thymine is 18%.
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Why would contractile vacuoles be of little value to one celled organisms living in the ocean.
Contractile vacuoles be of little value to one celled organisms living in the ocean because in a hypotonic solution water will enter the organism because there is more solute inside the cell than outside the cell.
What are Contractile vacuoles?Contractile vacuoles are intracellular structures involved in osmoregulation. It occurs mainly in protists and unicellular algae. Formerly known as pulsatile or pulsatile vacuoles. The contractile vacuole complex (CV) is an osmoregulatory organelle in free-living amoebae and protozoa that regulates intracellular water balance by accumulating excess water and expelling it from the cell, thus controlling the water balance in ponds.Allows cells to survive under hypotonic stress such as A vacuole is a membrane-enclosed organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help release waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help in maintaining water balance. Tropomyosin, along with other proteins actin and myosin, is a ubiquitous contractile protein in animal cells that functions to regulate contraction in both muscle and non-muscle cells.To learn more about Contractile vacuoles from the given link :
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A donkey and a beetle both use legs for locomotion, but the donkey has an internal bony skeleton while the beetle has an exoskeleton made of chitin. Which of the statements accurately describe the relationship between the donkey and beetle? choose all that apply.
Legs in donkey and the beetle are analogous structures. D) The donkey and the beetle do not share a recent common ancestor because the legs of these organisms have a common purpose but not a common structure.
What are convergent evolution and analogous structures?Convergent evolution is the emergence of phenotypical similarities in different groups independently from each other.
Convergent evolution occurs when two or more taxonomic groups share the same traits or characteristics even when they do not share a common ancestor.
Usually, this is a pattern observed in groups that are exposed to the same or similar environmental pressures. The development of these similar phenotypes is related to higher fitness and competitive ability.
The traits or characteristics developed by these different and distant groups are analogous structures.
Analogous structures are those body parts of different organisms that accomplish the same function, but they originated from different areas. These structures do not share the same origin.
In the exposed example, the donkey and a beetle's legs are analogous structures. We can tell it because,
donkey and a beetle do not share a recent common ancestorlegs have a different origin in donkey and beetlelegs are used for locomotion in both species. In both cases, legs have the same function.Among the option, option D is the correct one. The donkey and the beetle do not share a recent common ancestor because the legs of these organisms have a common purpose but not a common structure.
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what are the four common structures of all living cells? how did these structures differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell models in photo 1?
All cells share four common components: 1) a plasma membrane, outer protection that separates the interior of the cell from its surrounding surroundings; 2) cytoplasm, including a jelly-like region within the cell wherein other cellular additives, are determined; three) DNA, the genetic cloth of the cell, and 4) ribosomes.
The structures which are observed in all kinds of cells are the cellular membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The cellular membrane also referred to as the plasma membrane, is the outer barrier of the cell. It protects the cell and allows modify what is going in and out through selective permeability.
Prokaryotes are usually unicellular, at the same time as eukaryotes are regularly multi-celled organisms. additionally, eukaryotic cells are more than 100 to 10,000 times large than prokaryotic cells and are much extra complicated. The DNA in eukaryotes is saved inside the nucleus, even as DNA is stored within the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
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Does a monopolistically competitive firm tend to have a more elastic or less elastic demand than a monopoly? explain why.
Answer: The monopolistically competitive firm will have a more elastic demand than a monopoly because there will likely be more close substitutes. A monopoly has fewer substitutes and no close substitutes. The greater number of substitutes will cause elasticity to increase. It is easier for individuals to switch to consuming other goods when prices rise.
As the frequency of muscle action potentials _______________, the strength of the resulting muscular contraction ____________.
As the frequency of muscle action potentials increase, the strength of the resulting muscular contraction increases.
Muscle contraction is caused by the activation of tension-producing regions within muscle cells. Because muscle tension can be created without changes in muscle length, such as when holding something heavy in the same position, muscle contraction does not always imply muscle shortening in physiology. Muscle relaxation, or the return of the muscular fibres to their low tension-generating state, occurs after a muscle contraction has finished.
Both length and tension can be used to characterise muscle contractions. The muscle contraction is referred to as isometric if the muscle tension varies but the muscle length does not. But if the tension in the muscle remains constant during the contraction, the contraction is said to be isotonic. When the muscle length shortens, eccentric contractions take place; when the muscle lengthens, eccentric contractions take place. Muscle contractions play a variety of roles in the spontaneous motions that underpin locomotor activity because they can cause variations in length and tension throughout a range of time. Therefore, in skeletal muscles that contract during locomotor activity, neither length nor tension are likely to stay the same.
Because they require synaptic input from motor neurons, skeletal muscle contractions in vertebrates are neurogenic. Multiple muscle fibres can be innervated by a single motor neuron, which causes the fibres to contract simultaneously. The sliding filament theory describes how each skeletal muscle fiber's protein filaments move past one another after being innervated to cause a contraction. Depending on how frequently action potentials occur, the contraction that results may be referred to as a twitch, summation, or tetanus. The length-tension connection states that muscle tension in skeletal muscles is highest when the muscle is stretched to an intermediate length.
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Christiaan Eijkman shared the Nobel Prize in 1929 for the discovery of vitamins. Eijkman went to Java to isolate the pathogen causing beriberi, an illness that appeared to be contagious as it was common in prisons and among ship crews. Eijkman noticed that chickens fed a diet of white rice also suffered from a similar disorder. When the chickens were fed a diet of red rice, the chickens quickly recovered. What can Eijkman safely infer at this point from his observations? (5 points)
A. Humans with symptoms similar to those of chickens should change their diet.
B. White rice contains little nutritional value for humans and chickens.
C. Beriberi is most certainly not a pathogen.
D. Diet may be the cause of beriberi, but more research is needed.
Option D. He can infer that beriberi may be related to diet, but more and better studies are needed. Eijkman safely infers about beriberi at this point from his observations.
Beriberi is a deficiency of thiamin, more normally referred to as nutrition B1. Your body wishes thiamin to break down and digest the ingredients you consume, to hold your metabolism going, and help your muscle mass and fearful system do their jobs effectively. Beriberi can affect the cardiovascular device or valuable apprehensive gadget.
Beriberi is a situation that happens in individuals who are deficient in thiamine (diet B1). There are two main forms of Beriberi: moist Beriberi which affects the cardiovascular system and dry Beriberi which affects the apprehensive device.
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lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in a) the adult spleen. b) the adult thymus. c) bone marrow. d) the tonsils. e) peyer's patches.
Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in the adult spleen.
So option (a) is the correct answer.
A network of tissues, veins, and organs known as the lymphatic tissue. It collaborates to transport lymph, a colourless, watery fluid, back into your circulatory system (your bloodstream). Your body's arteries, smaller arteriole blood vessels, and capillaries each day carry about 20 litres .
These organs include the tonsils, adult spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes (which have the highest lymphocyte concentration). Initial lymphocyte development occurs in the bone marrow. Stromal cells, for example, are present in the lymphoid organs as additional cell types.
Lymphatic tissue defends your body from pathogens, regulates body fluids, absorbs lipids from the digestive tract, and eliminates cellular waste.
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which of the following is/are true of a bacteriophage entering the lysogenic cycle? group of answer choices upon incorporation into the host genome, it is referred to as a provirus all of these are correct upon incorporation into the host genome, it is referred to as a prophage it is called a temperate phage
Bacteriophage entering the lysogenic cycle upon incorporation into the host genome, it is referred to as a prophage it is called a temperate phage is true.
Some bacteriophages with lysogenic life cycles are considered to be temperate phages. The bacteriophage nucleic acid is incorporated into the host bacteria's genome during lysogeny, which results in the prophage. In this stage, the bacterium continues to exist and grow properly. Bacteriophages are virulent phages that only utilise the lytic cycle.The difference between lysogenic and lytic cycles is that lysogenic cycles propagate the viral DNA through regular prokaryotic replication, but lytic cycles are more immediate because they cause the very quick production of multiple copies of the virus and cell death. The lysogenic cycle differs from the lytic cycle in that the host cell is not directly lysed during the lysogenic cycle. Phages that only reproduce using the lytic cycle are referred to as virulent phages, whereas phages that reproduce using both the lytic and lysogenic cycles are referred to as temperate phages.To know more about Bacteriophages check the below link:
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It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts ______, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa.
From the neck to the feet, the somatic motor system's major motor activity is controlled by the corticospinal tract. The main spinal route that is engaged in voluntary movements is this one.
The soma of pyramidal neurons are found in cortical layer V, where the tract starts in the primary motor cortex.The premotor, primary motor, and primary sensory cortexes give rise to pyramid-shaped cells that make up the corticospinal tract, which is engaged in skilled voluntary activity.Pyramidal cells in layer V of the cerebral cortex are the source of the nerve fibers of the corticospinal tract. About 30% of fibers come from the primary motor cortex, along with similar amounts from the supplementary motor region and the premotor cortex. The remaining 40% comes from the somatosensory cortex, parietal lobe, and cingulate gyrus.
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Who was present for the new record-breaking jump in 2012
AnswerAnswer: Felix Baumgartner
Explanation:
what enzyme helps in the relief of the torsional stress created due to unwinding of dna during replication of dna? what enzyme helps in the relief of the torsional stress created due to unwinding of dna during replication of dna? helicase primase topoisomerase isomerase
Topoisomerase enzyme helps in the relief of the torsional stress.
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts with the aid of accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may also act are known as substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into distinct molecules known as products.
Enzymes are crucial for digestion, liver function and much more. An excessive amount of or too little of a sure enzyme can reason fitness issues. Enzymes in our blood can also assist healthcare carriers check for injuries and sicknesses.
Characteristics of enzymes:
* Enzymes are complicated macromolecules with high molecular weight.
* They catalyze biochemical reactions in a cell.
* Enzymes have an effect on the rate of biochemical response and not the direction.
* Enzymes are unique in movement.
* Enzymatic activity decreases with growth in temperature.
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If the haploid number of an organism is 5, then each dividing diploid cell will have how many chromatids at mitotic metaphase?.
Haploid = 1 chromosome. diploid = 1 chromatid.
A haploid number of an organism = 5.
A diploid number of an organism = 10.
Chromosomes are duplicating in the metaphase stage, so 10 x 2 = 20 chromatids.
Therefore, each dividing diploid cell will have 20 chromatids at mitotic metaphase.
A diploid germ cell divides into four haploid cells into two cell divisions. This process does not occur in organisms that reproduce via asexual processes such as binary fission. A haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes. Diploids, as the name suggests, contain two sets of chromosomes.
Haploid cells are formed through the process of meiosis. A diploid cell is a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes. Diploid cells have paired chromosomes from both biological parents. Mitosis produces a diploid cell if the parent cell is also diploid. Mitosis produces two genetically and morphologically identical cells.
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finish the following sentence: the field of genomics... group of answer choices focuses on the study of individual genes. uses a cross-lineage approach to examine patterns of natural variation. uses data on the complete set of genetic materials in its inquiry. is principally concerned with the kinetics of enzymatic reactions
The field of genomics is uses data on the complete set of genetic materials in its inquiry.
Genomics is the study of the entire gene pool of an organization, including the interaction of genes with the environment. Genomics focuses on the genes possessed by living things, both plants, animals and humans and classifies these genes. The more genomes of living things we know, the more information we gain about how life works.
By studying DNA sequence data and classifying it, we can discover variations that affect health, disease, or a person's response to a drug. It is hoped that genomic studies can develop drugs based on these genetic studies.
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one-way anova is used to determine if differences exist between the means of three or more populations under dependent sampling.
To ascertain whether there are differences between the means of three or more populations under dependent sampling, one-way ANOVA is performed.
What can you infer from a one-way ANOVA?In order to ascertain whether there is statistical support that the linked population means are statistically substantially different, one-way ANOVA ("analysis of variance") examines the means of two or more independent groups. A parametric test is one-Way ANOVA. Another name for this test is the one-factor ANOVA
Can two groups be studied using ANOVA?One-way ANOVAs are typically used when there are three or more categorical independent groups, although they can also be employed when there are only two groups (but an independent-samples t-test is more commonly used for two groups).
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the two sorting processes eukaryotic cells may follow to produce new daughter cells that receive the correct number and types of chromosomes are
Two sorting processes eukaryotic cells may follow to produce new daughter cells that receive the correct number and types of chromosomes are mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis is a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes .
Mitosis is used to produce new identical somatic (body) cells for growth and healing while meiosis is used to produce sex cells (eggs and sperm).
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which substances show variations in composition on both a particulate level and a macroscopic level?
A heterogeneous mixture shows variations in composition on both a particulate level and a macroscopic level.
The mixture's composition is not consistent.
What is heterogeneous mixture?
If the composition of a mixture varies over time, it is said to be heterogeneous. Vegetable soup is a sophisticated mixture. The proportions of the different vegetables and other ingredients will vary.
Heterogeneous mixes are made up of two or more different phases. Examples include ice cubes in a liquid, sand and water and salts and oils.
Therefore, a heterogeneous mixture shows variations in composition on both a particulate level and a macroscopic level.
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which classification group is the largest? (meaning they are the most inclusive, or has the most number of different organisms).
The kingdom is the largest classification category, right? (i.e., they are the most diverse or have the greatest variety of creatures).
Which level of classification has the broadest scope and the largest diversity of organisms?The taxon that has the most species is called a kingdom. In terms of taxonomy, it is the broadest classification for the organisms. The five-kingdom division was introduced by R.H. Whittaker. Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are all included in this division.
On Earth, prokaryotes are by far the most prevalent group of creatures. They include the Bacteria and the Archaea, two of the three main classifications of living things, making them by far the most diversified in terms of both metabolism and phylogeny.
The kingdom, the largest category, is at the very top of the taxonomic hierarchy, followed by phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Most inclusive refers to the highest position in the taxonomic categories.
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Which area of the brain is associated with consolidation of information into long-term memories?.
Area of the brain that is associated with consolidation of information into long-term memories is called : the hippocampus.
What is the function of hippocampus?The hippocampus is the catalyst for long-term memory but actual memory traces are encoded at different places in the cortex.
The hippocampus is important for the rapid formation of new memories and for prolonged process of consolidating newly acquired memories into permanent storehouse of autobiographical and world knowledge in the neocortex .
When long-term memories are formed, hippocampus retrieves the information from working memory and starts to change the physical neural wiring of brain. The new connection formed between neurons and synapses stay as long as they are in use.
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The heart can be found in which body cavity?
spinal
cranial
thoracic
pelvic
Answer:
thoracic
Explanation:
Answer:
C
Explanation:
thoracic cavity is the correct answer can you mark me brainliest I need it please and thank you :P
Explain why the cane toad has been so successful as an invasive species in australia. (site 1)
The cane toad became a pest after it was brought to Australia to control destructive insects in Queensland's sugar cane crops.
Cane toads can poison predators who try to eat them, and they continue to spread across Australia. The giant toad couldn't crush the beetle population, but it did manage to multiply it dramatically. Due to their highly toxic skin covered with bufotoxin, they have no natural predators and have invaded much of the north and east of the country.
It has taken root in more than 15 countries over the past 150 years. In the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, the Australian Government lists cane toad impacts as a major threat process. Healthy libido and a deadly hidden chemical defense system have made them one of the top 100 most invasive species on the planet.
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reganglionic sympathetic fibers typically synapse with sympathetic chain ganglia unless they pass through, forming____________nerves that instead enter collateral ganglia.
splanchnic
preganglionic sympathetic fibers typically synapse with sympathetic chain ganglia unless they pass through, forming splanchnic nerves that instead enter collateral ganglia.
The sympathetic nerves enter the spinal cord through the intermediolateral horn and exit through the T1 through L2 segments. Before the postganglionic nerve fibers reach the target tissue, the preganglionic nerve fibers synapse in either the paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia or the prevertebral ganglia.
The splanchnic nerves are bilateral autonomic nerves that supply stomach and pelvic viscera. Except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, all splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic (presynaptic) sympathetic fibers.
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