Answer:
Experiments to determine mechanisms involve looking at indirect evidence to help support or disprove a proposed mechanism.
Most intermediates are not typically isolated to determine reaction mechanisms.
Carbocations are very reactive and are typically not isolated for analysis.
Scientists can prove that a specific mechanism exists.
Evidence of intermediates sometimes can be seen using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Explanation:
The study of reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics often form the main thrust of study in organic, inorganic and physical chemistry.
We often want to know the actual processes involved in the conversion of one specie to another. Unfortunately, this information may have to be obtained indirectly by certain chemical reactions or by the use of new instrumental methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Many organic reactions have carbocation intermediates. These carbocations are relatively short-lived and are transient intermediates which are rarely isolated unless they are isolated in a molecular cage using a macromolecule or in superacids.
By intensive study, scientists can proof or disprove the authenticity of any proposed mechanism.
We must know that a transition state has partial bonds. It is often an extremely short-lived specie which cannot be isolated.
Explain the concept of “Happy Atoms” as it relates to why atoms bond together.
Answer:
I think this means that they always compatible so th er e basically friends and they stick together. c: hope I helped
What kind of reaction is used for electroplating?
O A. A nonspontaneous redox reaction
B. A spontaneous redox reaction
C. A precipitation reaction
D. A decomposition reaction
Answer:
it's answer is A
A nonspotaneous redox reaction
hope it helps you
Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of chromium(III) sulfate and calcium nitrate are combined
Answer: [tex]Cr_2(SO_4)_3(aq)+3Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2Cr(NO_3)_3(aq)+3CaSO_4(aq)[/tex]
Explanation:
A double displacement reaction is one in which exchange of ions take place. The salts which are soluble in water are designated by symbol (aq) and those which are insoluble in water and remain in solid form are represented by (s) after their chemical formulas.
The balanced chemical equation when when aqueous solutions of chromium(III) sulfate and calcium nitrate are combined is:
[tex]Cr_2(SO_4)_3(aq)+3Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2Cr(NO_3)_3(aq)+3CaSO_4(aq)[/tex]
It takes 945./kJmol to break a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond. Calculate the maximum wavelength of light for which a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond could be broken by absorbing a single photon. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
Answer:
12.4 * 10^-8 m or 1.24 * 10^--7 m or 124 nm
Explanation:
We have to obtain the energy of the N≡N triple bond in joules as follows;
E = 945 * 1000/6.02 * 10^23 = 9.45 * 10^5/6.02 * 10^23
E = 1.6 * 10^-18 J
But;
E = hc/λ
h = Planks constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength of light
λ = hc/E
λ= 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^8/1.6 * 10^-18
λ = 12.4 * 10^-8 m or 1.24 * 10^--7 m or 124 nm
Using the following reaction:
2KMnO4+5KNO2 + 3H2SO4 -> 2MnSO4+3H2O +5KNO3 + K2SO
What is the Oxidizing agent and the reducing agent?
Answer:
Mn is the oxidizing agent.
N is the reducing agent.
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, according to the undergoing chemical reaction, it is seen that the manganese in KMnO4 has an oxidation state of 7+, in MnSO4 of 2+ and nitrogen in KNO2 is 3+ and in KNO3 is 5+; thus we have the following half-reactions:
[tex]Mn^{7+}+5e^-\rightarrow Mn^{2+}\\\\N^{3+}\rightarrow N^{5+}+2e^-[/tex]
Thus, since manganese is undergoing a decrease in the oxidation state, we infer it is the oxidizing agent whereas nitrogen, undergoing an increase in the oxidation state is the reducing agent.
Best regards!
During a flood, a mountain stream is carrying clay, silt, sand, and pebbles. The streambed and particle sizes are shown below. Which sediments will most likely be deposited first when the stream slows down?
A. Pebbles
B. Sand
C. Silt
D. Clay
The clay because it has the smallest particles size.
Answer:
Pebbles
Explanation:
The faster a stream flows, the larger the particles it can carry. When the current slows down the largest particles will be deposited first, which in this case are the pebbles. If the stream continues to slow down the sand will be deposited next, followed by the silt and clay. (Clay is only deposited when the water is nearly still.)
Which of the following best illustrates an ABIOTIC factor in the
environment affecting a BIOTIC factor?
a very strong Abiotic factor in the world is the sun it let's off vitamin d and it can burn humans to were you get skin cancer so the sun
Propane burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. How many grams of oxygen gas are required
to burn 10.0 grams of propane?
Answer:
[tex]m_{O_2}=36.3gO_2[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the reaction between propane and oxygen is:
[tex]C_3H_8+5O_2\rightarrow 3CO_2+4H_2O[/tex]
Given the 1:5 mole ratio between propane and oxygen, and their molar masses (44.09 g/mol and 32.00 g/mol respectively), we can follow up the shown below stoichiometric setup to compute the required mass of oxygen for the reaction:
[tex]m_{O_2}=10.0gC_3H_8*\frac{1molC_3H_8}{44.09gC_3H_8}*\frac{5molO_2}{1molC_3H_8} *\frac{32.00gO_2}{1molO_2} \\\\m_{O_2}=36.3gO_2[/tex]
Best regards!
The following data were collected for the reaction between hydrogen and nitric oxide at 700°C: 2H2(g) + 2NO(g) -+ 2H20(g) + N2(g) Experiment [H2]/M [NO]/M Initial rate/M. s-1 1 0.010 0.025 2.4 X 10-6 2 0.0050 0.025 1.2 X 10-6 3 0.010 0.0125 0.60 X 10-6 (a) What is the rate law for the reaction? (b) Calculate the rate constant for the reaction. (c) Suggest a plausible reaction mechanism that is consistent with the rate
Answer:
Explanation:
Given that:
2H₂(g) + 2NO(g) → 2H₂O(g) + N₂(g)
Experiment [H₂] (M) [NO] (M) Initial Rate (M/s)
1 0.010 0.025 2.4 × 10⁻⁶
2 0.0050 0.025 1.2 × 10⁻⁶
3 0.010 0.0125 0.60 × 10⁻⁶
The general formula for rate law is:
[tex]rate = k[H_2]_x [NO]_y[/tex]
From (1) and (2), it is obvious that the concentration of NO looks constant unlike that of H₂ which has decreased by 1/2. Similarly, the initial rate also reduced by 1/2. Hence, the initial rate is proportional to the concentration of H₂. So, x = 1
Also;
From (1) and (3), it is obvious that the concentration of H₂ looks constant unlike that of NO which has decreased by 1/2. Similarly, the initial rate also reduced by 1/4. Hence, the initial rate is proportional to the concentration of NO. So, y = 2
∴
The overall rate law is: [tex]rate = k[H_2][NO]_2[/tex]
[tex]Order \ of \ reaction = 1 + 2 = 3[/tex]
(b)
From (1)
The rate constant is:
[tex]rate = k[H_2][NO]_2[/tex]
∴
[tex]k = \dfrac{rate}{ [H_2] [NO]^2}[/tex]
[tex]k = \dfrac{2.4 \times 10^{-6} \ M/s}{(0.010 \ M)(0.025 \ M)^2 }[/tex]
k = 0.38 / M².s
(c)
From the rate law, it is pertinent to understand that the slow step in the reaction includes one molecule of H₂ and two molecules of NO, where O atoms serve as an intermediary.
SO;
H₂ + 2NO → N₂ + H₂O + O slow step
O + H₂ → H₂O fast step
2H₂ + 2NO → 2H₂O + N₂
how do you find the guide statements are they easy or difficult to complete?
Answer:
difficult
Explanation:
Write the nuclide symbol for Iodine-127. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in this isotope of iodine
Answer:
[tex]^{127}_{53} I[/tex]
53 protons and electrons and 74 neutrons.
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the nuclide symbol of an isotope is represented by putting the atomic mass as a prefixed superscript and the number of protons as a prefixed subscript, for I-127 we have:
[tex]^{127}_{53} I[/tex]
Now we realize this isotope have 53 electrons and protons and the following number of neutrons:
[tex]neutrons= 127-53=74[/tex]
Notice this isotope has about the same molar mass of the average iodine atom.
Best regards!
2.015×107km Express your answer as an integer.
Answer: 216km
Explanation:
An integer simply refers to a whole number. We should note that fractions and decimals are not integers. Therefore, expressing 2.015×107km as an integer will be:
= 2.015 × 107
= 215.605
= 216
the mass to change ratio of the proton is found to be 1.044×10¯⁸KG/C.the change on the proton is 1.602×10¯¹⁹C.calculate the mass of proton.full instruction
Answer:
1.54 x 10⁻¹¹kg
Explanation:
The charge to mass ratio is given as:
1.044 x 10⁻⁸kg/C
Charge on the proton = 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹C
So;
[tex]\frac{e}{m}[/tex] is the charge to mass ration
e is the charge
m is the mass
1.044 x 10⁻⁸kg/C = [tex]\frac{1.602 x 10^{-19} }{m}[/tex]
m = [tex]\frac{1.602 x 10^{-19} }{1.044 x 10^{-8} }[/tex] = 1.54 x 10⁻¹¹kg
A triangle has vertices with coordinates (2,0), (3, -1) and (-2,-5). If the triangle is dilated by a scale factor of 3 with the origin as the center of dilation, what are the coordinates of the vertices of the image?
a
(5,3), (6,2), (1,-2)
b
(6,0), (9,-3), (-6,-15)
c
(2/3,0), (1,-1/3), (-2/3,-5/3)
d
(-1,-3), (0,-4), (-5,-8)
What is the difference between oxygen and water?
Answer:
Oxygen is a pure element. Water, however, is a compound molecule containing oxygen. Water also contains hydrogen, In an H2O molecule, the two hydrogen molecules and the oxygen molecules are chemically bonded together.
Answer:
Water is 1% oxygen and it is a compound
While oxygen is a Pure element that means it forms with only oxygen molecules
Explanation:
NEED HELP ASAP!!!!!!
describe the two different types of solids.
in ur own words
Answer:
crystalline and amorphous.
Explanation:
Crystalline solids are the most common type of solid, they are characterized by a regular crystalline organization of atoms that confer a long-range order, Amorphous, or non-crystalline, solids lack the long-range order
Determine the standard enthalpy of formation of SrI2(s) using a Born–Haber cycle. Enthalpy of sublimation of Sr(s) = 164 kJ/mol 1st ionization energy of Sr(g) = 549 kJ/mol 2nd ionization energy of Sr(g) = 1064 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation of I2(s) = 62.4 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy of I2(g) = 152.55 kJ/mol 1st electron affinity of I(g) = –295.15 kJ/molLattice energy of SrI2(s) = –1959.75 kJ/mol
Answer:
Enthalpy of formation of strontium chloride, SrCl = -558.1 kJ/mol
Explanation:
Sr(s) -------> Sr(g) ΔHsublimation = +164 kJ/mol
Sr⁺(g) -------> Sr⁺(g) First Ionization energy, IE₁ = +549 kJ/mol
Sr⁺(g) -------> Sr²⁺(g) Second ionization energy, IE₂ = +1064 kJ/mol
I₂(s) --------> I₂(g) ΔHsublimation = +62.4 kJ/mol
I₂(g) -------> 2I(g) Bond dissociation energy, BE = +152.55 kJ/mol
2I(g) ----> 2I⁻(g) Electron affinity, EA = 2 (-295.15 kJ/mol) = -590.3 kJ/mol
Sr²⁺(g) + 2I⁻(g) ------> SrI₂(s) Lattice energy, LE = -1959.75 kJ/mol
Overall equation for the formation of SrCl₂ is given as:
Sr(s) + I₂(s) ----> SrI₂(s) ΔHformation = ?
Enthalpy of formation, ΔHformation = (ΔHsublimation of Sr(s) + IE₁ + IE₂ + ΔHsublimation of I₂(s) + BE + EA + LE)
ΔHformation = {164 + 549 + 1064 + 62.4 + 152.55 + (-590.3) + (-1959.75)} kJ/mol
Sr(s) + I₂(s) ----> SrI₂(s) ΔHformation = -558 kJ/mol
Therefore, enthalpy of formation of strontium chloride, SrCl = -558.1 kJ/mol
Chemistry - Mass/Particle Conversions
Convert 3.89 x 10^23 molecules/formula units of X^4Z^5 into grams of the same compound. (Assume that the molar mass of X is 76.15 grams per mole and the molar mass of Z is 56.3 grams per mole.)
Assume that Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10^23. Report your answer to three decimal places.
Mass of X₄Z₅= 378.621 g
Further explanationGiven
3.89 x 10²³ molecules/formula units of X₄Z₅
Required
Mass of X₄Z₅
Solution
1 mol = 6.022 x 10²³ particles(molecules, atoms, ions)
N = n x No
No = Avogadro's number
n = mol
Conversion to mol :
n = N : No
n = 3.89 x 10²³ : 6.022 x 10²³
n = 0.646
MW X₄Z₅ :
= 4 x 76.15 + 5 x 56.3
= 304.6 + 281.5
= 586.1 g/mol
Mass :
= mol x MW
= 0.646 x 586.1
= 378.621 g
How many moles of Carbon do you have if you contain 72 grams of Carbon?
Answer:
6 moles of Carbon.
Explanation:
One mole of Carbon is equal to 12 grams of Carbon, so you would divide 72 by 12 and the answer would be 6.
PLS HURRY 25 points
How do erosion and deposition work together to form sand dunes?
A: Waves cause erosion along coastlines and deposit sand away from the shore.
B: Erosion occurs as surface water carries sediment and the sediment is deposited near oceans and lakes.
C: Glaciers cause erosion through the movement of large chunks of ice, which are deposited and form depressions.
D: Erosion occurs through deflation, and sand that was picked up is deposited against an obstruction.
Answer:
its has to be AAAAAAAAAA
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
what is periodic table
the mass to change ratio of the proton is found to be 1.044×10¯⁸KG/C.the change on the proton is 1.602×10¯¹⁹C.calculate the mass of proton.
Answer:
1.54 x 10⁻¹¹kg
Explanation:
The charge to mass ratio is given as:
1.044 x 10⁻⁸kg/C
Charge on the proton = 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹C
So;
[tex]\frac{e}{m}[/tex] is the charge to mass ration
e is the charge
m is the mass
1.044 x 10⁻⁸kg/C = [tex]\frac{1.602 x 10^{-19} }{m}[/tex]
m = [tex]\frac{1.602 x 10^{-19} }{1.044 x 10^{-8} }[/tex] = 1.54 x 10⁻¹¹kg
Part of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible light. Which color is at the opposite end from red on the visible spectrum?
green
infrared
violet
yellow
Pretty sure it’s violet
Answer:
c voilet
Explanation:
How are mountains formed and why would they form at different times in Earth's history?
Answer:
Mountains are formed from the collision of the earths tectonic plates and they are formed at different times because of the geologi activity below them
Explanation:
A mixture of 90.0 grams of CH4 and 10.0 grams of argon has a pressure of 250 torr under conditions of constant temperature and volume. The partial pressure of CH4 in tore is?
Answer:
the partial pressure of methane CH₄ is 239.4 torr.
Explanation:
Given;
molar mass of methane, CH₄ = 90.0 g
molar mass of argon, Ar = 10.0 g
total pressure of the gases, Pt = 250 torr
number of moles of methane CH₄;
[tex]n_{CH_4} = \frac{90}{16} = 5.625 \ moles[/tex]
number of moles of Ar;
[tex]n_{Ar} = \frac{10}{39.95} = 0.25 \ mole[/tex]
The mole fraction of methane XCH₄ is calculated as;
[tex]X_{CH_4} = \frac{n_{CH_4} }{n_{CH_4} \ + \ n_{Ar}} \\\\X_{CH_4} = \frac{5.625}{5.625 \ + \ 0.25} \\\\X_{CH_4} = 0.9575[/tex]
Apply Dalton's law of partial pressure, to determine the partial pressure of methane CH₄;
[tex]P_{CH_4} = X_{CH_4} P_t\\\\P_{CH_4} = 0.9575 \ \times \ 250 \ torr\\\\P_{CH_4} = 239.4 \ torr[/tex]
Therefore, the partial pressure of methane CH₄ is 239.4 torr.
The partial pressure of CH₄ in the mixture containing 90 g of CH₄ and 10 g of Ar having a total pressure of 250 torr is 239.25 torr
We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of CH₄ and Ar. This can be obtained as follow:
For CH₄:Mass of CH₄ = 90 g
Molar mass of CH₄ = 12 + (4×1) = 16 g/mol
Mole of CH₄ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of CH₄ = 90 / 16
Mole of CH₄ = 5.625 moleFor Ar:Mass of Ar = 10 g
Molar mass of Ar = 40 g/mol
Mole of Ar =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of Ar = 10 / 40
Mole of Ar = 0.25 moleNext, we shall determine the mole fraction of CH₄. This can be obtained as follow:Mole of CH₄ = 5.625 mole
Mole of Ar = 0.25 mole
Total mole = 5.625 + 0.25
Total mole = 5.875 mole
Mole fraction of CH₄ =?Mole fraction = mole of substance / total mole
Mole fraction of CH₄ = 5.625 / 5.875
Mole fraction of CH₄ = 0.957Finally, we shall determine the partial pressure of CH₄. This can be obtained as follow:Mole fraction of CH₄ = 0.957
Total pressure = 250 torr
Partial pressure of CH₄ =?Partial pressure = mole fraction × total pressure
Partial pressure of CH₄ = 0.957 × 250
Partial pressure of CH₄ = 239.25 torrTherefore, the partial pressure of CH₄ in the mixture is 239.25 torr
Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/15577259
A compound containing xenon and fluorine was prepared by shining sunlight on a mixture of Xe (0.526 g) and excess F2 gas. If you isolate 0.678 g of the new compound, what is its empirical formula
Answer:
[tex]XeF_2[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, according the law of conservation of mass, we can see that, since the total mass of the Xe-F compound is 0.678 g and that of xenon is 0.526 g, we have 0.152 g as the mass of reactants equal the mass of the products. It means that we can compute the moles of each atom in the compound as shown below:
[tex]n_{Xe}=0.526g/131.3g/mol=0.004mol\\\\n_F=0.152g/19.0g/mol=0.008mol[/tex]
Now we divide the moles of both reactants by the moles of xenon as those are the fewest ones in order to find their subscripts in the empirical formula:
[tex]Xe=0.004/0.004=1\\\\F=0.008/0.004=2[/tex]
Thus, the empirical formula is:
[tex]XeF_2[/tex]
Best regards!
The case kf the compound which consist of the xenon and the fluoride was made by shining the sunlight on a mixture of Xe and F2 gas.
As per the law of conservation of the mass, we can see that, as the total mass of the Xe-F compound is 0.678 g and that of xenon is 0.526 g, Thus the 0.152 g as the mass of reactants equal the mass of the products. It means that we can compute the moles of each atom in the compound.Learn more about the xenon and fluorine was prepared by.
brainly.com/question/4764044.
How would you make 5mls of a solution that is 2.0% lactose and 0.1M SPG buffer from separate stock solutions that are 6% lactose and 1M SPG in concentration
Answer:
Check the explanation section.
Explanation:
The following steps should be followed orderly.
STEP ONE:
Use the dilution equation in the calculation of the volume for the stock solution. That is, C1 × V1 = C2 × V2.
Where C1 and C2 are the concentration of the stock solution and the diluted solution.
STEP TWO:
Put 6% of lactose and make sure to dilute it in order to make 2.0% lactose
and put it in Beaker A. Also, make sure to dilute the 1M to 0.1M SPG buffer in Beaker B.
STEP TWO:
Now, from beaker A containing 2% lactose, measure and remove 5.0 mL from it. Also, measure and remove 5.0 mL from beaker B containing 0.1M SPG.
So, in STEP TWO above we won't know how much water we need to use for dilution, thus, there is the need to make use of STEP ONE.
Therefore, from STEP ONE ABOVE, we have the dilution equation given as;
C1 × V1 = C2 × V2.
Hence, 6 × V1 = 2 × 5. Therefore, the volume needed from the stock solution, V1 = (2 × 5)/ 6 = 1.6 mL.
STEP THREE:
Now measure out 1.6 mL from the stock solution, that is 6% lactose and add it to 5mL of the diluted solution of 2% in beaker A into another container, say beaker C and add H2O to form SOLUTION X.
STEP FOUR:
Using the dilution equation again, Determine the the volume that is needed from 1M SPG.
C1 × V1 = C2 × V2.
V1 = ( 0.1 × 5)/ 1 = 0.5mL.
STEP FIVE:
measure 0.5mL out from the 1M SPG and 5 mL out of 0.1M SPG buffer and add water to it to form SOLUTION Y.
STEP SIX:
Now, mix solution X and solution Y together and take the required 5ml
what is the molarity of a solution made by adding 1.565 moles of PbNO3 to 500 mL
Answer:
[PbNO₃] = 3.13 M
Explanation:
Molarity is a specific sort of concentration where we have, the amount of solute's moles contained in 1 L of solution.
In this case, our solution's volume is 500 mL.
We convert to L → 500mL . 1L/1000 mL = 0.5L
Moles → 1.565 mol
Molarity (mol/L) → 1.565 mol / 0.5L = 3.13 M
There also types of concentration, for example molality which indicates the moles of solute in 1kg of solvent.
Which correctly lists three characteristics that are used to describe air?
Answer:
Density, Mass, Pressure
GenAlex Medical, a leading manufacturer of medical laboratory equipment, is designing a new automated system that can detect therapeutic levels of dissolved acetaminophen ( to ), using a blood sample that is as small as . Calculate the minimum mass in micrograms of acetaminophen that the new system must be able to detect. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answer:
0.020 mg
Explanation:
Let assume that the amount of the dissolved acetaminophen is (10. to 30/μgml); &
the volume of blood sample is = 2ml
We need to understand that the minimum mass of the acetaminophen that can be detected by the new system is = 10 μgml × 2
= 20 μg
= (20/1000) mg
= 0.020 mg
