A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls an involuntary reflex. It is composed of five elements: a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector.
What do you mean by a receptor?
A receptor is a specialized protein found on the surface of a cell or within the cell that binds to specific molecules, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, and triggers a cellular response. Receptors can be found in all cells and play a vital role in a wide range of biological processes, such as metabolism, growth, development, and the immune response.
1. Stimulus: Touching the cactus
2. Receptor: Sensory nerve endings
3. Integration Center: Spinal cord
4. Motor Response: Withdrawal of hand
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Antibiotics can be used to kill the specific pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that causes tuberculosis. The appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains has made it more difficult to cure M. tuberculosis infections. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria survive and pass on the genes to their offspring, making the resistant phenotype more common in the population.
DNA analysis indicates that the genes for antibiotic resistance are not normally present in bacterial chromosomal DNA.
Which of the following statements best explains how the genes for antibiotic resistance can be transmitted between bacteria without the exchange of bacterial chromosomal DNA?
a. The genes for antibiotic resistance are located on a plasmid that can be passed to neighboring bacteria.
b. double-stranded DNA molecules that provide genes that may aid in survival of the prokaryotic cell.
c. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria
d. Histone methylation opens up chromatin at gene RR so transcription factors can bind to DNA more easily.
The genes for antibiotic resistance are located on a plasmid that can be passed to neighboring bacteria best explains how the genes for antibiotic resistance can be transmitted between bacteria.
What is bacteria?
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that belong to the domain Eubacteria. They are the most abundant organisms on Earth and are found almost everywhere. Bacteria are capable of reproduction, metabolizing, and excreting waste. They can come in many shapes and sizes, and are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Bacteria play an important role in the environment, as they are essential for nutrient cycling, help to decompose organic matter, and are essential for the production of food. Bacteria can also cause diseases, but they can also be used to produce antibiotics and biotechnological products. Bacteria are also useful in bioremediation and industrial processes. They are also used as model organisms in research.
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Researchers hypothesized that red eye color in Japanese koi, a type of fish, is due to a mutation. To study the inheritance of red eye color in koi, the researchers conducted breeding experiments over several generations. The results are summarized in Figure 1.Figure 1. Inheritance of eye color in Japanese koiBased on the data in Figure 1, which of the following is the best prediction of the mode of inheritance of red eyes in Japanese koi?A The allele for red eyes is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.B The allele for red eyes is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.C The allele for red eyes is inherited in an XX-linked recessive pattern.D The allele for red eyes is inherited in an XX-linked dominant pattern.
The allele for red eyes is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.
Which of the above is the most accurate prediction for the red eye inheritance mode?An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern characterizes the red eye allele.
Which sort of inheritance leads in a pink offspring being born to a red parent as well as a white parent?incomplete hegemony When two different phenotypes of organisms are crossed, a third phenotype that combines the qualities of the parents is produced as the result of incomplete dominance.Comparable to combining colours, red and white together create pink.
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Which of these cases would a forensic anthropologist analyze?
Burned case
Fully fleshed individual
Airplane crash
Cremation
A, C, and D
Examine the chart above on the causes of fertile soil decline. After examining the chart which of the following has the largest impact on fertile soil decline?
Too many people are using the land for firewood
People are allowing their animals to overgrass the land
People are cutting down too many trees
Growing too many crops if causing a lot of fertile soil loss
What does "moving slow" mean to a geologist?
Why do you think it is difficult to tell that the plate beneath you is moving right now?
"Moving slow" to a geologist refers to the rate at which tectonic plates are shifting.
What does "moving slow" mean to a geologist?This movement is measured in centimeters per year, which is considered a slow rate compared to other geological processes.It is difficult to tell that the plate beneath you is moving right now because the movement is occurring very slowly and is not perceptible to the human eye. Additionally, the movement is hidden underground and can only be measured using sensitive instruments.The phrase “moving slow” is used to describe tectonic plate movement. Tectonic plates are large sections of the Earth’s crust, and they move in relation to each other at speeds of a few centimetres to a few metres per year. This movement is what is responsible for the formation of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes. It is difficult to tell that the plate beneath us is moving right now because the speed of plate movement is so slow. Though it could be measured using instruments, most of us don't have access to them. Even if we did, it would take a long time to measure a significant shift in the tectonic plates. Furthermore, the ground beneath our feet is not a homogeneous surface. It is composed of many different materials, with different densities and strengths. This means that the plates will not move uniformly, complicating the process of measuring movement.To learn more about The phrase “moving slow” refer to:
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When you swallow the last bite of a divine piece of chocolate and continue to experience the delightful taste for a bit longer, you are utilizing your ________.
A)long-term memory
B)mnemonic devices
C)sensory memory system
D)iconic memory store
Answer:
C
Explanation:
What is called the ATP synthesis process coupled with the oxidation of reduced equivalents in the respiratory chain?
It is known as oxidative phosphorylation where ATP synthesis process is coupled with the oxidation of reduced equivalents in the respiratory chain
It Consist of 2 things, one is electron transport chain system which has 4 complexes, complex I is called NADH dehydrogenase complex, complex II is called Succinate-Q oxidoreductase complex, complex III is called Q-cytochrome C oxidoreductase and complex IV is called Cytochrome C oxidase.
here ETC is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria, which transport the H+ in the intermembrane from matrix.
And, one is ATP synthesis process which consist of complex V, here ATP synthase works transport H+ from intermembrane back to matrix and produce ATP.
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if a mutation in the dna of a globular enzyme changed all of the lysine amino acids to aspartic acid, predict how the relative position of the amino acid in the tertiary structure of the protein would be affected when the protein is placed in an aqueous solution.
If a mutation in the DNA of a globular enzyme changed all of the lysine amino acids to aspartic acid, it is likely that the tertiary structure of the protein would get affected when the protein is placed in an aqueous solution.
What leads to destabilization of the protein's tertiary structure?Lysine and aspartic acid have different chemical properties, and the replacement of lysine with aspartic acid may cause changes in the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding that help to stabilize the protein's tertiary structure. This could result in a destabilization of the protein's tertiary structure and potentially alter the protein's activity. However, it's hard to predict the exact effect on the relative position of the amino acid in the tertiary structure without more information about the specific enzyme and the location of the Lysine residues.
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1. Convert 4.52 x 10 26 atoms of gold to moles of gold.
Answer:
7.5056365964E-24 Moles
Explanation:
Common sources in the community where Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TIC) can be found include which of the following locations? Select one: a. Shipyards b. Food processing and storage facilities c. Manufacturing plants d. All of the above
Common sources in the community where Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TIC) can be found include all of the above, i.e.
a. Shipyards
b. Food processing and storage facilities
c. Manufacturing plants
What are toxic industrial chemicals?
Industrial chemicals that are toxic might exist as gases, liquids, or solids. They can be either physical (such as corrosives, agents that affect the lungs or blood, or carcinogens, reproductive hazards, or reproductive hazards) or chemical hazards (e.g., flammable, combustible, explosive, or reactive).
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FILL IN THE BLANK increased levels of oxygen in the atmosphere due to photosynthesis caused rates of weathering to , which aided in the formation of _____________
Soil was formed more quickly as a result of increased weathering rates brought on by photosynthesis, which increased the amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere.
Why were cyanobacteria able to produce oxygenation and alter the atmosphere of Earth?These bacteria had the astonishing capacity for photosynthesis, which allowed them to harness the power of the sun. The ability to oxidize water and use it as fuel was possessed by cyanobacteria. The fact that oxygen is a by product of photosynthesis is more relevant.
Which mechanism is primarily to blame for the rise in atmospheric oxygen on Early Earth?Cyanobacteria, also referred to as blue green algae, are the cause. These bacteria carry out photosynthesis, which is the process of converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into sugars and, yes, oxygen.
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2. (a) In the control sample histogram, identify the phase of the cell cycle (G1, S, or G2) of the population of cells in each region delineated by vertical lines. Label the histogram with these phases and explain your answer.
No, as the S phase develops, the amount of DNA in each cell varies, giving the S phase cells a variety of fluorescence levels.
Cells are getting ready to divide at the G1 stage. It subsequently enters the S phase, where the cell duplicates all of the DNA, to accomplish this. A newly created cell and its nucleus go through a series of modifications during interphase to prepare for cell division. Three phases make up the process: the first gap, or G1 phase, the synthetic phase, or S phase, and the second gap, or G2 phase. The G1 phase of the cell cycle is a time of cell growth. During this stage, the number of organelles formed, the rate at which protein is synthesised, and the size of the cytoplasm all rise.
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When assessing a sick three-week-old baby, which one of the following findings should most concern the EMT?
Select one:
a. Soft spot to the top of the head
b. Mucus occluding both nares
c. Fontanelle level with the skull
d. Rectal temperature of 99.6F
When assessing a sick three-week-old baby, mucus occluding both nares should most concern the EMT.
What causes mucus in babies?
When babies breathe in cigarette smoke, pollution, viruses, and other irritants, they can become congested. In order to snare and eliminate these irritants, their systems manufacture more mucus in the nose and airways. Congestion and excessive mucus production can also be brought on by exposure to dry air and other environmental conditions.
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Which of the marrows cells from the list below has highly granular basophilic cytoplasm but does not show nuclear lobules?
Mast cells of the marrow cells have highly granular basophilic cytoplasm but do not show nuclear lobules. In addition to being visible in bone marrow aspirates, basophilic stippling is a common sign of hematologic illness in the peripheral blood.
One of numerous clinically important erythrocyte inclusions found on peripheral blood smears is basophilic stippling. Basophilic stippling is thought to be caused by ribosome aggregates or ribosomal RNA fragments that have collected throughout the cytoplasm of circulating erythrocytes. This discovery is connected to inherited and acquired hematologic conditions that impact erythropoiesis and erythrocyte maturation. When a proper clinical history is taken into account, alternative causes of basophilic stippling such hemoglobinopathies, nutritional inadequacies, and myelodysplasia should also be taken into account.
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epithelial cells that line the digestive system are responsible for absorption and secretion of materials across the cell's plasma membrane. if a mutation occurred in the claudin gene that make up tight junctions, which of the following would occur? A.) Transport of materials will decrease between cells.
B.) Transport of digestive enzyme-filled vesicles will not occur within cells.
C.) Transport of materials will increase between cells.
D.) Transport of materials will not change.
Transport of materials will increase between cells occurred in the claudin gene that make up tight junctions, which of the following would occur.
In this case, Option C is correct
Are they malignant epithelial cells?
Additionally, epithelial tissue is where the majority of malignancies develop. Carcinomas, which form from tissue containing epithelial cells, account for up to 90% of all human cancers. The two most common types of human cancer are found in the gastrointestinal and chest epithelium.
What does it mean that my body has a lot of epithelial cells?
A moderate to high number of endothelial cells in a urinalysis may be an indication of the following medical conditions: renal disease a liver condition infection with Candida infections of the kidneys and bladder particular cancer types The type of epithelia found in the feces may also be a sign of many different diseases.
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A researcher is interested in determining the average length and weight of lullaby pine tree needles in South East United States will the data be obtained through observation or experimentation
It can be used as an expectorant for coughs and to help relieve chest congestion; it is also good for sore throats.
What are the needles of a pine tree?Despite appearances, needles are actually leaves. They perform the same function as broad leaves, absorbing sunlight, "inhaling" carbon dioxide, and "exhaling" oxygen to give the tree food and oxygen for humans to breathe. However, needles have a three to four year lifespan as opposed to shedding every fall!
Conifers are more primitive than more recent flowering and broad-leaved trees in many aspects. But even in harsh climates or soil conditions, their needles still have certain useful advantages over leaves:
More water is retained by needles' thick, waxy coating than by ordinary leaves.In general, plants prefer hot, humid climates, such as those found in rain forests close to the equator (or in greenhouses). However, the Earth's climate was changing in the opposite direction about 250 million years ago.
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a nursing student is reviewing for an upcoming anatomy and physiology examination. which of the following would the student correctly identify as a function of the liver? select all that apply.
The important function of the liver is carbohydrate and glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, and ammonia conversion. So options A, B, D, and E apply.
As the primary regulator of the storage and delivery of glucose to peripheral tissues, and in particular, to glucose-dependent organs including the brain and erythrocytes, the liver serves as the center of carbohydrate and glucose metabolism.
Also, the deamination of amino acids, urea production to remove ammonia, plasma protein synthesis, and interconversions between amino acids are all processes that take place during protein metabolism in the liver.
Since zinc cannot be produced by the body, it must be taken from food. The majority of it is kept in the bone and muscle.
The complete question is -
A nursing student is reviewing for an upcoming anatomy and physiology examination. Which of the following would the student correctly identify as a function of the liver? Select all that apply.
A. Carbohydrate metabolism
B. Ammonia conversion
C. Zinc storage
D. Protein metabolism
E. Glucose metabolism
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In an ideal intercuspal relation, which of the following maxillary cusps will oppose the mesiofacial groove of the mandibular first molar?1. Facial cusp of the second premolar2. Mesiofacial cusp of the first molar3. Distofacial cusp of the first molar4. Mesiolingual cusp of the first molar5. Distolingual cuso of the first molar
In an ideal intercuspal relation, mesiofacial cusp of the first molar is the maxillary cusps will oppose the mesiofacial groove of the mandibular first molar.
Which cusp on the first molar in the maxilla is larger?The mesiolingual cusp is the largest cusp, but it has a blunt and rounded tip. The distolingual cusp is the smallest one that is present. In the four cases presented in this article, a permanent maxillary first molar with three cusps was found.
Food particles are broken up by a series of elevations (points or "cusps") on premolars (bicuspids) and molars. The term "bicuspid" refers to the typical two cusps on each premolar. They are employed to hold and crush food.
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the domain of life that is characterized by having histone proteins, and membrane bound nucleus and organelles [x]
The domain of life characterized by having histone proteins, and membrane bound nucleus and organelles is Eukarya.
How does the presence of histone proteins, a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles contribute to the organization and function of eukaryotic cells?The presence of histone proteins, a membrane-bound nucleus, and organelles contribute to the organization and function of eukaryotic cells in several ways:
Histone proteins act as a "scaffold" to package and organize the DNA within the nucleus, making it more compact and allowing for efficient storage and expression of genetic information.
The membrane-bound nucleus serves as a barrier to separate the genetic material from the rest of the cell, protecting it and controlling the flow of molecules in and out of the nucleus. This allows for the regulation of gene expression and cell function.
Membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts perform specific functions within the cell. Mitochondria generate energy for the cell and chloroplasts perform photosynthesis in plants. This compartmentalization allows for efficient organization and performance of cellular functions.
Together, these structures allow for the efficient organization, regulation, and performance of cellular functions, contributing to the overall functioning and survival of eukaryotic cells.
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Which of the following is a source of the activation energy needed to reach the transition state intermediate? (choose the ONE best answer) A) kinetic energy of molecules that is converted to chemical bond energy after collision B) chemical bond energy of ATP released when the bond breaks C) potential energy in the bonds of the reactants
B) chemical bond energy of ATP released when the bond breaks
is a source of the activation energy needed to reach the transition state intermediate.
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction and get to the transition state, where the reactants have enough energy to break through the activation energy barrier, is known as activation energy. Using an energy carrier molecule like ATP is one approach to supply this energy. The energy that can be used to produce the activation energy for the chemical reaction is released when a phosphate bond in ATP is broken. The molecules collide with enough force to achieve the transition state and start the chemical reaction once this energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
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Identify and explain one reasonable cause for a decline in the trout populations of the sophia williams river that is directly linked to the deforestation of the nearby forest.
Unfortunately, neither the status nor the habitat of native trout are secure.
Trout populations have declined over the last century due to land development, overfishing, water pollution, poor timber and livestock grazing practices, and the introduction of non-native fishes and other aquatic invasive species.
They are typically found at higher elevations in the mountains of the Western United States, from Alaska to Nevada. The Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Lake trout are members of the char family and are found primarily in lakes in northern North America. Trout populations have declined over the last century due to land development, overfishing, water pollution, poor timber and livestock grazing practices, and the introduction of non-native fish and other aquatic invasive species.
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a dna molecule consists of two polynucleotide strands hydrogen bonded to each other. the hydrogen bonding is very specific. which of the following nitrogenous bases will form complementary base pairs in dna?
Answer:
The adenine and thymine are bonded together by two hydrogen bonds. This is known as complementary base pairing.
Explanation:
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After a meal, blood glucose increases. Increased blood glucose is the stimulus for a reflex pathway that releases insulin into the blood, and the response is decreased blood glucose. This is an example of which of the following?
It happens when the stimulus's initial effect is lessened by the output. When things begin to get out of control, a negative feedback process normalises them.
A negative feedback mechanism, for instance, controls the thyroid gland. The pituitary gland is stimulated by the hormone the hypothalamus secretes to release thyroid stimulating hormone. Thyroid stimulating hormone, in turn, causes the thyroid gland to start secreting thyroid hormones. When the thyroid level rises, the hormones block the feedback process that causes the hypothalamus to secrete TRH and the pituitary gland to secrete TSH. Without the activation of TSH, the thyroid gland's hormone release is suppressed. Low thyroid hormone levels are present. The pancreas also controls the release of insulin by the negative feedback mechanism.
The complete question is:
After a meal, blood glucose increases. Increased blood glucose is the stimulus for a reflex pathway that releases insulin into the blood, and the response is decreased blood glucose. This is an example of which of the following?
a. Feedforward control
b. Negative feedback
c. positive feedback
d. Local control
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list all of the components of the bronchial tree discussed in your notes in order of largest to smallest
Poor Anatomy at the point where the trachea divides, the bronchial tree begins. The trachea merges superiorly with the larynx and descends to form the bronchial tree in the lungs.
What is the bronchial tree?The bronchi and all of their succeeding branches are referred to collectively as the "bronchial tree." The lower respiratory system's airways are called bronchi. The right and left major bronchi emerge from the trachea at the level of the third or fourth thoracic vertebra. More vertically oriented than the left, the right major bronchus is also shorter. To evenly distribute the breathing air into the left and right pulmonary lobes, both of these bronchi continue to divide into secondary or lobar bronchi that continually split into two. Each bronchus has millions of cells in its terminal region gas exchange occurs in alveoli, the place.To Learn more About bronchial tree refer to:
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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A. Metaplasia - increase in cell number
B. Hypertrophy - increase in cell size
C. Atrophy - decrease in cell size
D. Neoplasia - uncontrolled cell growth
E. Apoptosis - programmed cell death
A. Metaplasia - increase in cell number is incorrectly matched.
What is Metaplasia?
Metaplasia is a process in which one type of adult cell is replaced by another type of adult cell. It is a normal process in the body and can occur in many different organs and tissues. It is commonly seen in the respiratory tract, where the normal epithelial cells are replaced by metaplastic cells, which are more resilient and better able to withstand chronic irritation or injury. Metaplasia can also occur in other organs, such as the stomach and bladder, and can cause changes in the normal morphology of the tissue. In some cases, metaplasia can be a precursor for cancer and should be closely monitored.
Metaplasia is a process of one type of normal mature cell changing into another type of normal mature cell. It does not involve an increase in cell number.
Therefore, option A. Metaplasia - increase in cell number is the correct answer.
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To create a simulation of 100000 ants moving around inside a colony a scientist needs to determine the average traveling speed for an actual ant. Which of the following is the best course of action fo?
The average traveling speed of the entire colony may be quickly and accurately estimated by randomly choosing 20 ants. Rather than sending a team to count each individual ant in the colony and divide it, this can assist the scientists go forward with their research more quickly.
Ants reorganize by moving across the raft and attaching to its edges, connecting the bottom layer of immobile ants. As a result, a new layer of ants emerges, which move and travel on top of the previously moving but now motionless ants. The process is repeated until the raft has shrunk to a height h of 2.5 0.1 layers, during which time the new layer of ants likewise moves in the direction of the freshly formed edge.
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The complete question is:
To create a simulation of 100,000 ants moving around inside a colony, a scientist needs to determine the average traveling speed for an actual ant. Which of the following is the best course of action for establishing this parameter?
A. Divide the total distance traveled by 100,000 ants in a day by 24 hours.
B. Determine the average traveling speed for 20 randomly selected ants.
C. Choose a random value to represent the average traveling speed of an ant.
D. Measure the traveling speed of a single ant, and assume all ants are the same.
for water to travel across a cell membrane at a substantial rate, the water molecules travel through protein Channel is known as the aquaporins is that simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or a active transport
Channel is known as facilitated diffusion. Aquaporins are proteins that act as channels in the cell membrane to allow water to pass through.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport process where molecules or ions are transported across a plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins. It is a vital part of the cell's membrane transport system and can move solutes in and out of the cell. Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion does not require any energy expenditure. This type of transport is especially important for molecules that cannot pass through the membrane on their own, such as glucose. The carrier proteins bind to the molecules on one side of the membrane, then undergo a conformational change that allows them to move across the membrane, and finally release the molecules on the other side. This process is constantly occurring in cells and helps maintain cellular homeostasis.
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view the tripeptide pictured below, and name the 3 amino acids of which it is formed, in the correct order. use either one- or three-letter abbreviations.
ABC is a set of 3 amino acids. Each molecule acidic and amine ends can be combined to form a tripeptide. There are so a total of nine tripeptides that could exist.
A amine is defined?Amines are organic substances and functional groups that have a nitrogen atom that is basic and has a single electron. Amines are ammonia derivatives in which two or maybe more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by other molecules, such as aryl or alkyl groups.
An organic compound is what?Except for carbonates, bicarbonates, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, which are the building blocks of living things, organic compounds are those that include carbon.
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review the information to the right. read the introduction and examine the photograph of a chromosome. list three chromosome features used in chromosome identification:
Three crucial characteristics are used by researchers to "read" a pair of chromosomes to determine their similarities and differences: Size, banding style, and centromere placement
Size: This method of distinguishing chromosomes is the simplest.banding style:Each chromosome is different because of the size and position of the Giemsa bands. centromere placement:location of the centromere Centromeres have a constricted appearance.. The related proteins that give the connecting nucleic acid bases on a chromosome their shape are made up of a string of DNA. Since the chromosome is in a loose shape during interphase of the cell cycle, proteins may be translated from the DNA and DNA can be duplicated.Chromosome Diagram The 23 pairs of chromosomes that make up our genetic material are very different in size and structure. The biggest chromosome is chromosome 1, which is more than three times larger than chromosome 22. Our sex is determined by two unique chromosomes called X and Y, which make up the 23rd pair of chromosomes.
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Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that: A) has a nucleus B) has a membrane C)makes up most of the tissues of your body D) is much larger than most cells in your body E) does not use DNA to code genetic information
You will be looking for a cell that- has a membrane.
In this case, Option B is correct
A membrane is what in biology?
The double sheet that constitutes biological membranes is made up of two lipid bilayers. This structure is commonly referred to as the cell membrane. Along with the various lipid types that they contain, vesicles and sugars play a crucial structural role in biological membranes.
What's the appearance of a membrane?
These membranes, which are also referred to as mucosae, line the bodily canals that open to the outside. The interior of the digestive system is lined with mucous membranes. More examples include the respiratory, excretory, and reproductive systems.
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