A Co3+ ion has the ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6.
Cu2+ has the electronic structure [Ar]3d9.
A Ag+ ion's electron configuration would be [Kr]4d10.
How is the electron configuration determined?The shell number (n), kind of orbital, and superscript indicating the number of electrons in the orbital are the first three symbols used to represent the electron configuration. On the periodic chart, for instance, you can see that oxygen has eight electrons.
Which three electron configuration rules apply?When writing electrical setup, there are three rules to follow: the Aufbau idea. The Pauli exclusion rule. Hound's Law.
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Answer:
A
Explanation:
Write balanced half-reactions for the following redox reaction:
2CO2(g)+12H+(aq)+12Cu+(aq)= C2H5OH(l)+3H2O(l)+12CU2+(aq)
reduction
oxidation
The redox reaction is as follows:
2CO2(g) + 12H+(aq) + 12Cu+(aq)
Cu2+(aq)
Balance the charge by adding electrons as follows:
Cu+(aq) ⇒ Cu2+(aq) + 1e- Balanced oxidation half-reaction.
A redox reaction is a redox chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of the reactants changes. The term redox stands for reduction-oxidation. All redox reactions can be divided into two distinct processes: reduction and oxidation processes.
Redox reactions are reactions in which both oxidation and reduction occur. A substitution reaction is an example of a redox reaction in which one species is oxidized and the other is reduced. A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred between two species.
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Using standard reduction potentials from the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy delta G degree for the following redox reaction.
Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
6Br (aq) +2Cro4 2- (aq) + 8 H₂O (l)→ 3Br₂ (l) + 2Cr(OH)3(s) + 10OH-(aq)
The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106 kJ/mol.
Why is Gibbs called free energy?Because it is readily accessible at all times, Gibb's free energy is known as free energy. If necessary, the reaction can obtain this energy without exerting any effort. Enthalpy and the system's product of temperature and entropy are added to determine the change in Gibb's free energy.Enthalpy and entropy are combined into a single quantity known as Gibbs free energy, or G. The product of the system's temperature and entropy and the sum of its enthalpy and enthalpy is equal to the change in free energy, G.6Br (aq) +2Cro4 2- (aq) + 8 H₂O (l)→ 3Br₂ (l) + 2Cr(OH)3(s) + 10OH-(aq)
Cathode: 2CrO₄²⁻ + 16 H⁺ + 10 e⁻ ⇒ 2 Cr⁴⁺ + 8 H₂O E°red = 1.51 V
Anode: 10 Br⁻ ⇒ 5 Br ₂ + 10 e⁻ E°red = 1.40 V
E°cell = Ered,cathode - E°red,anode = 1.51 V - 1.40 V = 0.11 V
ΔG° = - n × F × E°cell
where,
n are the moles of electrons exchanged., F is Faraday's constant.
ΔG° = - 10 mol × (96,485 J/V.mol) × 0.11 V × (1 kJ/1000 J) = -106 kJ/mol
The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106 kJ/mol.
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What happens to the volume of a cylinder if the radius is doubled?; How do you find the radius of a cylinder when given the volume?; How do you get the height of a cylinder with the radius and volume?; Which expression gives the volume of a cylinder where B is the base area and h is the height?
The volume will increase by four times if a cylinder's radius is doubled but the height remains constant. Height and volume of a cylinder are equal to each other by the formula volume of a cylinder =πr²h.
Utilizing the cylinder's specified dimensions, calculate the base area. Using the equation volume of cylinder is equal to base area h, multiply the value obtained in. By the cylinder's height. When the radius was doubled, both the surface area and volume increased, but the volume increased significantly more. Because the radius is raised to the power of two, when the radius is doubled, the value, and as a result the volume, is quadrupled. Changing the radius will change the surface area and volume of a right circular cylinder. The surface area and volume will grow as the radius grows.A sphere's surface area doubles with a doubling of its radius, increasing by a factor of four. Because a sphere's surface area is inversely proportional to its radius, or square,
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manufacturers use citric acid as a flavoring agent in soft drinks, fruit juices, and many other foods. worldwide, the market for citric acid is valued at hundreds of millions of dollars per year. commercial production uses the mold aspergillus niger, which metabolizes sucrose under carefully controlled conditions. the yield of citric acid strongly depends on the concentration of fecl3 in the culture medium, as indicated in the graph. Why does the yield decrease when the concentration of Fe3+ is above or below the optimal value of 0.5 mg/L?
Iron supplements increase results in increased formation of NaOH buy citric acid cycle and does increase mitocondrial oxygen consumption and ATP formation phosphorylation .this in turn to Deacon regulation EP glucose utilization. the yield of citric when Fe³⁺ is above or below 0.5 mg/l
as is forms coordinating complex for Fe³⁺ to be captured by electron donating group oxygen.
In chemical reaction engineering, "yield," "conversion," and "selectivity" refer to the amount of reactants reacted - conversion rate, the amount of desired product formed - yield, and the amount of desired product formed - yield. A term used to describe the ratio of formed quantities. Selectivity to undesired products - represented as X, S, and Y. In chemistry, moles are used to describe the amount of reactants and products in chemical reactions.
The Compendium of Chemical Terminology defines yield as "a ratio that expresses the efficiency of a bulk conversion process." The yield factor is the cell mass (kg) or product formed (kg, mol) versus substrate consumed (kg or mol of carbon or nitrogen source or oxygen) or intracellular ATP production (mol). is defined as the amount of "
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What describes a metallic bond?; What is the best way to describe metallic bonding?; What is an example of a metallic bond?
The metallic bond is the force of attraction between these free-moving (delocalised) electrons and positive metal ions.
Some metallic bond examples include magnesium, sodium and aluminum.
What is an electron?
Unattached or connected to an atom, an electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle (now not bound). One of the 3 important kinds of particles in an atom, along with protons and neutrons, is an electron that is connected to the atom.The nucleus is made of electrons, protons, and also neutrons. The poor fee of the electron is balanced by using the high quality rate of the proton. An atom is in a neutral country if its protons and electrons are identical in number.The variations between electrons and the opposite particles are severa. they have got a mass that notably decrease, exist outside of the nucleus, and show each wave- and particle-like homes.To know more about electrons, click the link given below:
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Predict the product(s) obtained when each of the following compounds is treated with chloromethane and aluminum trichloride. Some of the compounds might be unreactive. For those that are reactive, assume that conditions are controlled to favor monoalkylation.
The reaction of benzene with an alkyl chloride and aluminum trichloride is called a Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
What is chloromethane and aluminum trichloride?The aluminum trichloride is a Lewis acid that reacts with the alkyl chloride, and this converts the alkyl group into a very good electrophile. The overall reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution. A pi bond of the benzene ring will attack the electrophile as a nucleophile and form a new carbon-carbon bond. The result is a monosubstituted isopropyl group on the benzene ring.However, we are told that the conditions are set up to encourage dialkylation. The isopropyl group is a group that donates electron density through induction.To learn more about chloromethane refer to:
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largest number of moles? 1. 5.00 grams of chlorine (cl) 2. 5.00 grams of copper (cu) 3. 5.00 grams of calcium (ca) 4. all the answers contain the same number of moles. 5. 5.00 grams of lithium (li)
Lithium weighs 5. 5.00 grams and has the most moles.
Explain about the moles?Wilhelm Ostwald, a German chemist, is typically credited with coining the term. The Latin term moles, which meaning "a mass," is ultimately where the word mole originates, not from German. Because it is the diminutive and refers to "a little bulk," the word molecule is connected to the word mole.
A mole is equivalent to 6.023 x 1023 of any given substance (Avagadro number). The products of the chemical reaction can be measured using it. The number of moles per liter is the most often used unit for measuring molarity and is denoted by the unit symbol mole/L or moledm3 in SI units. The term molar often known as "1 M," refers to a solution with a concentration of 1 mole/L.
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when are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?; what force makes an airplane turn; an airplane said to be inherently stable will; to maintain constant airspeed and constant altitude, what must happen?; what do you need to do to maintain a constant altitude?; at the top of a projectile's path above earth, the acceleration of an object; what is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight; examples of balanced forces
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the starting material is a carbonyl bonded to a benzene ring and a methyl group. this reacts with excess b r 2 and excess o h minus.____
The starting material is a carbonyl bonded to a benzene ring and a methyl group. this reacts with excess Br₂ band the excess OH⁻ is formed the benzoic acid and the bromo methane.
The compound carbonyl bonded to a benzene ring and a methyl group is named as the acetophenone. when the acetophenone react with the Br₂ produces the two products . one product is the benzoic acid and the other product is the bromomethane.
Thus, the final products are the two product one is benzoic acid an the bromo methane by the reaction of the Br₂ and the NaOH with the acetophenone.
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Which is the most malleable chemical elements?
The most malleable metal is gold (Au), which is The metal that is most malleable is gold (Au). Gold may be rolled into sheets that are light-transmitting thin.
What substance is malleable?
Metals like gold, iron, aluminum, copper, silver, and lead are examples of malleable metals. Silver and gold are quite malleable. The shape of a sheet is formed when hot iron is hammered.
Which is most flexible?The most malleable metal among the possibilities presented to us is gold. It has a face-centered cubic lattice that enables lattice dislocation mobility. The metal's atoms can readily move past one another.
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What is boiling point of water
The boiling point of water is the temperature at which it changes from a liquid to a gas (vapor) at a given pressure. At sea level, the boiling point of water is 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius). However, the boiling point of water can vary depending on the pressure and altitude. For example, at higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower, so the boiling point of water is also lower. This is why water boils at a lower temperature in mountainous areas than it does at sea level.
a molecule has the molecular formula c3h4cl2 a. calculate the degrees of unsaturation for this molecule. b. using the 1h spectrum below, propose a structure for the molecule. from left to right, the integrations are 5.63, 5.65, 11.28 c. indicate which proton in the molecule belongs to which peak in the nmr spectrum.
Our given molecule is missing 6 hydrogen atoms. Each pair of lost hydrogen atoms is equivalent to one degree of unsaturation in a hydrocarbon.
How do you calculate degrees of unsaturation?Image result for a molecule has the molecular formula c3h4cl2 a. calculate the degrees of unsaturation for this molecule.First, the maximum number of hydrogens possible for a given compound (2C + 2) is calculated and then the actual number of hydrogens present in the compound (H) is subtracted. If this difference is then divided by 2 the answer will be equal to the degrees of unsaturation for the compound.As we are not provided with ¹H-NMR spectrum therefore we can not conclude a single result for the minor chlorination of propane with Molecular formula C₃H₆Cl₂.Hence, we will draw all the possible isomers with molecular formula C₃H₆Cl₂ and predict the ¹H-NMR spectrum for each of them separately.Below is the structures of possible minor products and the NMR spectrum respectively.Possible Product A:
If the minor product formed is 2,2-Dichloropropane then it will give only one singlet peak in NMR spectrum.
Possible Product B:
If the minor product is 1,1-Dichloropropane then it will exhibit two triplets and one multiple as shown in figure.
Possible Product C:
If the minor product is 1,2-Dichloropropane then it will give four peaks in NMR. The extra peak is formed due to two enantiomers about the chiral carbon.
Possible Product D:
If the minor product is 1,3-Dichloropropane then it will exhibit one triplet and one quintet signal as shown in figure.
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a momentary change in the electron density surrounding an atom or a molecule causes it to have a(n) __________ dipole even if it is not normally polar. This induces a similar effect in a nearby molecule or atom and there will be a weak attraction between the two particles as a result. These weak interactions are called ___________ forces or London dispersion.
instantaneous
dispersion
The electron density surrounding an atom or a molecule causes it to have a(n) instantaneous dipole . These weak interactions are called dispersion forces or London dispersion.
A momentary change in the electron density surrounding an atom or a molecule causes it to have a(n) instantaneous dipole. even if it is not normally polar. This induces a similar effect in a nearby molecule or atom and there will be a weak attraction between the two particles as a result. These weak interactions are called dispersion forces or London dispersion.
The instantaneous dipole - induced dipole are called as the london dispersion forces.
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Select each molecule that would show only a pair of doublets ...
A substance's state of matter — solid, liquid, gas, or plasma — depends on how its molecules move and maintain their volume and shape.
The process of forming a disaccharide molecule and a water molecule with the help of two molecules of glucose is known as a dehydration reaction. This is because a water molecule is liberated from the reacting molecules of glucose.
Collision theory is a theory which describes of predicting the rate at which chemical reactions occurs between atoms and molecules of elements.
So therefore, the factor which will not determines if two molecules will bind according to collision theory is the direction the molecules are facing
Molecules are made up of atoms and these atoms are positive or negative. Here, the protons which have different chemical shifts are chemically non-equivalent and they exist in different environment. Hence, the compound shown is the only pair of doublet with integration ratio 1:1
Therefore, we can say that the molecules are made up of some positive and negative ions called protons and electrons.
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What is the term used to describe protons and neutrons collectively?
a. Neutrinos.b. Positrons. C. Nucleons
Nucleons are the aggregate name for protons and neutrons. One of the two types of subatomic particles found in the atom's nucleus is referred to as a nucleon.
Explain about the Nucleons?Either of the protons or neutrons that make up atomic nuclei. Under the influence of the short-range nuclear force, positively charged protons and neutral neutrons behave indistinguishably non terms of how they are bound in nuclei and how they scatter from one another.
Protons and neutrons are referred to as nucleons together. The particles found in an atom's nucleus are called nucleons. Neutrons are subatomic particles with no charge. The particles found in an atom's nucleus are called nucleons. Protons and neutrons, generally referred to as nucleons, make up the nucleus. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus, which has a charge. The weight of the nucleus is referred to as the nuclear mass.
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important questions of chemistry class 10
Here are some important questions that might be covered in a chemistry class for Grade 10 students:
What are the properties of elements in the periodic table, and how do they relate to their atomic structureWhat are the common types of chemical reactions, and how do they occur?What are the properties of acids and bases, and how do they react with each other?How do chemical reactions affect the states of matter, and how do changes in temperature and pressure affect chemical reactions?What are the characteristics and properties of organic molecules, and how do they form and break down?How do chemical reactions and the properties of substances change when they are mixed with each other?How do chemical reactions and the properties of substances change when they are subjected to different types of energy?How do chemical reactions and the properties of substances relate to their practical applications in industry and everyday life?What are the principles and techniques of laboratory safety, and how do they apply to chemistry experiments?How do scientists and chemists use analytical techniques and instruments to study chemical reactions and properties?describe without doing any calculations how a graphical method cxan be used to obtain the activation energy for this reaction
When the activation energy is plotted against the temperature's inverse (kelvin), the slope is a straight line. -Ea/R, where R is a constant equal to 8.314 J/mol-K, is the value of the slope (m).
How does the graphical technique decide the sequence of reactions?In this strategy, the reaction will follow a first order if we plot a straight line between logA (where A is the reactant's concentration) and t (time).
How can the activation energy of a reaction be empirically determined?By monitoring the rate constant, k, and various temperatures, it is possible to visualize the activation energy, Ea. Here is an illustration of how Equation 7 was changed mathematically to determine the activation energy.
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An oxidation-reduction reaction that is also a synthesis reaction
A. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) --> 2 MgO(s)
B. Pb^2+(aq) + CrO4^2-(aq)--> PbCrO4(s)
The example of a chemical combination that can also be said to be a synthesis reaction is; [tex]2Mg(s) +O_{2} (g) -- > 2 MgO(s)[/tex]
What is a synthesis reaction?We know that the meaning of the synthesis reaction is quite central as we attempt to answer the question that is lying right before us here. If we are talking about the synthesis reaction then our mind must have to go to the kind of reaction in which there is the combination of two or more so as to produce a single compound.
As we are talking about the synthesis reaction, we would have to look at the reaction that would give rise to a single product as it has been written. Let us also recall that we have been told that the reaction is a oxidation-reduction reaction thus there is a change in oxidation number in the process of the reaction as shown.
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rank the compounds in order of increasing numbers of atoms: (a) cu5fes4, (b) c6h12, (c) pb(c2h3o2)2. rank from least to most. to rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Rank of the compounds in order of increasing numbers (least to most) of atoms : (a) cu5fes4 > (c) pb(c2h3o2)2 > (b) c6h12
How is the number of atoms calculated?In order to calculate the number of atoms in a molecule (covalent) or formula unit (ionic), count the number of subscripts for each element. If there is no subscript, it is taken to be one. In case of parentheses, multiply the number of atoms inside the parentheses by the subscript that is outside the parentheses.
Cu5Fes4 has 5 Cu atom and 4 S atoms, that is total of 9 atoms.
C6H12 has 6 C atoms and 12 H atoms, that is total of 18 atoms.
Lead(II) acetate (Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂) has 1 Pb atom, 4 C atoms, 6 H atoms, and 4 O atoms, and a total of 15 atoms.
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What contributes to the dissolution of sugar in water?; Is sugar covalent or ionic?; Does sugar dissociate in water?; What do you call the sugar which is being dissolved by the water?
The slightly polar sucrose molecules create intermolecular bonds interactions with the polar water molecules, which releases energy, causing sugar to dissolve in water.
The molecules that make up the molecular solid that we employ to sweeten coffee or tea are kept together by very weak intermolecular bond interactions. The weak connections between the individual sucrose molecules are ruptured during the process of sugar dissolving in water, releasing the C12H22O11 molecules into solution. In order to introduce one of these sucrose molecules into solution, the hydrogen bonds in water must be broken, which requires energy. Sugar dissolves in water because the intermolecular interactions that occur between the slightly polar sucrose molecules and the polar water molecules release energy. The weak connections that develop between the solute and the solvent
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what is the maximum number of formula units of NaCl in one mole?"
Since one mole of every substance contains 6.0 * 10²³ formula units, the maximum number of formula units in one mole of NaCl is 6.0 * 10²³ formula units.
What are formula units in a substance?Formula units refer to the empirical formula of one mole of any substance.
One mole of every substance contains the same amount of formula units.
The number of formula units in 1 mole of a substance is given by the Avogadro number.
The Avogadro number is equal to 6.0 * 10²³ particles.
Hence 1 mole of NaCl will contain 6.0 * 10²³ NaCl particles.
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Which material is malleable and conducts electricity?
Metal – bright, malleable, ductile, or a good conductor of electricity and heat.
What is pliable and conducts electricity?Metals may be hammered into sheets and are malleable, ductile, and good conductors for heat and electricity.
What kinds of substances can be molded?When struck with a hammer, malleable metals will twist and bend into a variety of shapes, but non-malleable metals may shatter into fragments.Metals like gold, iron, aluminium, copper, silver, and lead are examples of malleable metals.
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Is the difference between the air temperature and the dewpoint increases the relative humidity?; What happens to relative humidity as dew point increases?; When air temperature and dewpoint temperature are the same relative humidity ____?; What happens to dew point temperature as air temperature increases?
As the difference between the air temperature and the dew point increases, the relative humidity decreases. When dew point increases, the relative humidity increases. When air temperature and dewpoint temperature are the same relative humidity reaches 100%. What air temperature increase, the dew point temperature increases.
The dew point refers to the temperature to which the air temperature must be cooled in order for it to become saturated. It is a measure of the actual amount of water vapor in the air, hence the higher the dew point, the more moisture in the air. Relative humidity refers to a measure of amount of water vapor is in a water-air mixture compared to the maximum amount possible. Relative humidity increases as the air temperature drops to the dew point or the dew point rises to the air temperature. Once the air temperature and dew point meet, the air becomes saturated, and the relative humidity reaches 100%.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: As the difference between the air temperature and the dew point increases, the relative humidity _____. When dew point increases, the relative humidity _____. When air temperature and dewpoint temperature are the same relative humidity ____. What air temperature increase, the dew point temperature _____.
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Classify each of the following reactions as combination, decomposition, displacement or double displacement reaction
Double displacement reactions occur when two compounds in a solution react to produce two new compounds by the exchange of their respective radicals. The term "double decomposition reaction" also applies to this kind of reaction.
When a more active ingredient pushes a less active element out of a molecule, this is known as a displacement reaction. A double displacement reaction is one in which the reactants swap ions, as the name implies. The common response is A + B - C A - C + B.
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if molecules are moving very fast, what phase of matter are they most likely in?; why do the air molecules inside a bicycle tire speed up as the temperature gets warmer?; in which state of matter has the least kinetic energy?; a sample of a substance has a high density, yet a low particle motion. this sample must be a; which state of matter has the greatest distance between the individual particles?; heat always travels from to; an example of kinetic energy being converted into heat energy is; in which state of matter are the particles closest together?
if molecules are moving very fast, it is in Gas phase of matter.
the air molecules inside a bicycle tire speed up as the temperature gets warmer because the heat is transferred to the molecules and gives them more kinetic energy. Gases have extremely energetic atoms which act quickly. The power of gas particles is stronger than those of solid and liquid molecules. The particles accumulate kinetic energy and advance as the temperature is raised. The actual cruising pace of the nanoparticles is influenced by both temperature and mass; at the a given temperature, larger particles travel relatively slowly than larger ones.
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let's repeat the calculation with new values just to check your learning. this time you'll go all the way through at once! alka-seltzer tablet: 3.15 g cup/vinegar/water: 35.42 g sample after reaction: 37.52
The surface area of the Alka-Seltzer tablets and the water's temperature served as independent variables. The time it took the Alka-Seltzer tablet to dissolve in water was the dependent variable.
It erases your progress and stretches your koorts. With several types of pain, including head pain, migraine, knee pain, oor pain, spier pain, gout pain, and menstrual cramps. Also with groans, tears, and verkoudness. Within a half-hour, your pain is reduced by the tablets, powder, and pills. Alka-Seltzer bruistabletten can be used to treat colic and pain associated with gloom and verkoudness, colic and pain following a vaccination, hoofdpijn, kiespijn, zenuwpijn, spit, spierpijn, menstrual pain, and rheumatoid pain. - For a quick effect, start at a lower magnification or, at the very least, a half hour before mealtime. Volwassenen maximum of 12 bruistabletten (=4000 mg) per 24 hours, distributed among 4 or more gifts. 2-3 bruistabletten each day. Ouderen A change in dosage seems unnecessary given that Alka-systemic Seltzer's bloating does not appear to affect older adults significantly.
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What is The relationship between the electromotive force and the free enthalpy of reaction in a redox reaction?
Answer:
The EMF and free enthalpy (or Gibbs Free Energy) of a reaction are directly related.
If the free enthalpy of a redox reaction is negative, then the EMF will be negative, indicating that the reaction is spontaneous and will occur without the need for an external source of energy.
If the free enthalpy of the reaction is positive, then the EMF will be positive, indicating that the reaction is not spontaneous and will not occur without the input of energy.
The relationship between free enthalpy and EMF is shown in the following equation:
∆G = -nFE°(cell), where n is the number of electrons transferred, F is the Faraday constant, and E° is the EMF of a cell under standard conditions.
lesson 6.1 ngsss benchmark mini assessment
Answer:
hey some times you need to help us too and I'm 10
Which of the following statements about nonmetals is true?
a. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to increase their mass.
b. Nonmetals tend to lose electrons to to form positive ions.
c. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration.
d. none of the above
c. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration.
A nonmetal will tend to gain a number of electrons that will give it the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas, meaning a full valence shell, which is a stabilizing characteristic.
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration. Option C.
Non-metals tend to acquire many electrons giving the closest noble gas electronic configuration. This means a perfect valence shell, which is a stabilizing property. Non-metallic atoms gain electrons The extreme energy levels of non-metallic atoms are nearly full.
Only a few electrons are required to fill the outer surface of a nonmetallic atom. As such, non-metallic atoms tend to accept electrons from other atoms. Non-metals on the right side of the periodic table tend to accept electrons due to their relatively high ionization energies. Non-metals are said to have high electronegativity because they tend to accept electrons to achieve a perfect outer shell.
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which of the following statements about the previous part is correct? which of the following statements about the previous part is correct? the light excites an electron from a bonding orbital to an antibonding orbital. the light excites an electron from an antibonding orbital to a bonding orbital. in the excited state there are more bonding electrons than antibonding electrons
The bond order for both H2+ and H2− is the same but H2+ is more stable than H2− due to the absence of electrons in the anti-bonding orbital.
Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed into the bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed into antibonding orbitals.
In chemical bonding theory, an antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei.
Furthermore, the bonding electron is the electrons that stick together and fall in the lowest state. While anti-bonding electron is unbounded or free electrons that move to the higher orbital state.
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