six test tubes are placed in a rack. to all six tubes you add 1 ml of water. then 1 ml of serum is added to the first tube and mixed well. you then transfer 1 ml of that to the second tube and again mix well. you continue the transfer of 1 ml of mixture from one tube to each subsequent tube, finally discarding 1 ml from tube 6. what is the final dilution of serum contained in tube 6? sketch the process and show your calculations

The enthalpy of formation of oxygen is zero because the enthalpy of formation any compound to form its elemental state is zero.

Here in this case, because oxygen is present in its elemental state it has zero enthalpy of formation because it does not require any energy to occur in a naturally occurring state.

Not only oxygen if any other compound is present in its naturally occurring state then it will have zero enthalpy of formation.

Because it does not require any amount of energy for any element to occur in its elemental state.

So, this is why we are concluding that because oxygen is present in its elemental state it has 0 enthalpy of formation.

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Traits for larger animals with big horns will be selected.

The percentage dissociation of H₂ is 0.0814%.

The percentage dissociation of O₂ is 0.0335%.

The percentage dissociation of I₂ is 94.6%.

The balanced chemical equation:

H₂(g)⇄2H(g)

ΔG0=2(106,760 J/mol)

-RT lnK=2*106,760 J/mol

-(8.3145 J/K/mol)(200 K) ln K=2*106,760 J/mol

Solving for K,

K=2.65*10^-6

On calculation, the percentage dissociation of H₂ is 0.0814%.

The balanced chemical equation:

O₂(g)⇄2O(g)

ΔG0=2(121552 J/mol)

-RT lnK=2*121552 J/mol

-(8.3145 J/K/mol)(200 K) ln K=2*121552 J/mol

Solving for K,

K=4.48*10^-7

On calculation, the percentage dissociation of O₂ is 0.0335%.

The balanced chemical equation:

I₂(g)⇄2I(g)

ΔG0=2(-29410 J/mol)

-RT lnK=2*-29410 J/mol

-(8.3145 J/K/mol)(200 K) ln K=2*(-29410) J/mol

Solving for K,

K=34.37

On calculation, the percentage dissociation of I₂ is 94.6%.

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The reaction of Al₂S₃ with Li forms the displaced product Li₂S₃ and Al. The correct formula of the compound with X having one valence electron and Z with 6 valence electrons is XZ₂. The given reaction in the third image is a single replacement reaction and the reaction in the fourth image is double displacement. Options A, B and E are correct for the reaction in fifth image.

In displacement reactions , an atom or group is displaced by other atom or group from a reactant. In double displacement reactions, two group or atoms are displaced between two reactants.

In the reaction between  Al₂S₃ with Li forms the displaced product Li₂S₃ and Al. It is a single displacement reaction.

The element X with 1 valence electron will form a compound with Z having 6 valence electrons with the formula XZ₂. Z needs two electrons to attain octet. Thus two X provides one electron by each to Z.

The reaction of Na metal with HCl producing NaCl and hydrogen gas is a single displacement reaction. Whereas, the reaction between NaCl and MgF2 is double displacement because, both Cl and F atoms are displacing their position.

Sodium phosphate reacts with ferric chloride giving the ferric phosphate precipitate. Here the metals replaces nonmetals and the reaction involves formation of a precipitate. Thus, option A, B and E are correct.

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Phenylalanine is indicated by the codons uuu & uuc. The degenerated genetic code makes this feasible.

adjective. If you label someone as degenerate, you are disapproving of them because you believe they have poor morals or standards of behavior. A bunch of vile computer hackers, to be exact. Synonyms include vile, base, corrupt, and fallen. Additional Degenerate Synonyms

If an energy level in quantum mechanics corresponds in two or more distinct observable states of the a quantum system, it is said to be degenerate. A quantum mechanical system is considered to be degenerate if two or more of its states have the same energy value when measured.

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Answer:

13.3 grams O2

Explanation:

Balance the equation first:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Convert grams of glucose to moles:

12.5 g * (1 mol C6H12O6/180.155g) = 0.694 mol C6H12O6

Use ratio of oxygen gas to glucose to convert to moles of oxygen gas:

0.694 mol C6H12O6 * (6 mol O2/1 mol C6H12O6) = 0.416 mol O2

Convert moles of oxygen gas to grams:

0.416 mol O2 * (32.00g/1 mol O2) = 13.3 grams O2

Answer:

The answer should be a big load a fried icecream cake.

Explanation:

Answer:

carbon dioxide

Explanation:

the carbon dioxide is bad for animals and can even harm the nature around us. Carbon dioxide is overall a non-safe gas for some animals and is used everyday.

By applying the law of conservation of heat energy, the equilibrium temperature is equal to 21.97°C.

Specific heat capacity of copper = 390 J/kg°C

Specific. heat capacity. of water. = 4186 J/kg°C

Specific. heat capacity. of aluminum. = 900 J/kg°C

McCc(Tc - Tc) = (MwCw + MaCa)(Tc - Twa)

0.235 × 390× (255 - Tc) = (0.825 × 4186 ) + (0.135 ×900)(Tc - 16)

Tc = 80569.95/3666.6 = 21.97

Equilibrium temperature = 21.97°C

The average kinetic energy of all of a substance's atoms or molecules is how we define a substance's temperature. A substance's particle's kinetic energy varies among its constituent parts. The distribution of the particles' kinetic energy can be used to depict it at any particular moment. Atoms and molecules move more quickly when more energy is added (heated), raising the temperature. The temperature drops as a result of the mobility of the atoms and molecules being reduced by the removal of energy (cooling). Temperature is a factor that affects the passage of heat when two bodies with differing temperatures are kept in close proximity to one another. It uses the kelvin SI unit (K).

Question:

The value of specific heat for copper is 390 J/kg⋅C∘, for aluminun is 900 J/kg⋅C∘, and for water is 4186 J/kg⋅C∘.

What will be the equilibrium temperature when a 235 g block of copper at 255 ∘C is placed in a 135 g aluminum calorimeter cup containing 825 g of water at 16.0 ∘C? Express your answer using three significant figures

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The total number of donor atoms surrounding the central atom is the complex's coordination number.

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2 moles of NO2 remained after the reaction .

Moles develop when melanocytes, skin cells, cluster together. Generally speaking, melanocytes are found all throughout the skin. The natural pigment and gives skin its color, melanin, is produced by them.

Briefing :

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

3NO2 + H2O —> NO + 2HNO3

Next, we shall determine the excess reactant. This is illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above,

3 moles of NO2 reacted with 1 moles H2O.

Therefore, 6.5 moles of NO2 will react with = (6.5 x 1)/3 = 2.17 moles of H2O.

From the above calculations, we can see that it will take a higher amount i.e 2.17 moles than what was given i.e 1 mole of H2O to react completely with 6.5 moles of NO2.

Therefore, NO2 is the excess reactant and H2O is the limiting reactant.

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of the excess reactant that reacted in the reaction. This is illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above, we can see that 3 moles of NO2 reacted with 1 mole of H2O.

Finally, we shall determine the leftover mole of the excess reactant after the reaction. This is illustrated below:

Given mole of NO2 = 5 moles

Reacted mole of NO2 = 3 moles

Leftover mole of NO2 =...?

Leftover mole = Given mole – Reacted mole

Leftover mole of NO2 = 5 – 3

Leftover mole of NO2 = 2 moles.

Therefore, 2 moles of NO2 remained after the reaction.

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The equivalent mass when it reacts with chlorine to form VCl₅ is 10.19883 g/mol.

Calculations are made to determine the equivalent masses of acids, bases, and salts. Acids' molecular masses are equal to their equivalent masses as bases. The molecular mass of a base and its acidity are equal in mass. Total positive valency of metal atoms divided by the salt's molecular mass gives the salt's equivalent mass.

Equivalent mass= molar mass/ valency

(a) For VCl₅, V will have a valency of +5, or more precisely, the oxidation state is +5, since chlorine exhibits a charge of -1. 5 chlorine atoms exhibit a charge of -5, and V exhibits a charge of +5.

so equivalent mass = 50.99415/5 = 10.19883 g/mol.

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About 0.25 liters of 6.0 m solutions of HCl should be added to create 2.0 liters of a 0.75 m HCl solution.

Lowering a solute's concentration in a solution is the process of dilution. It entails adding significantly additional water or solvent to the solution. When more solvent is added to a solution without extra solute, the solution gets diluted.

The dilution formula is  M₁V₁=M₂V₂. Here, M₁ is the initial molarity, M₂ is the final molarity, V₁ is the initial volume, and V₂ is the final volume.

Given, M₁ is 6.0 M, M₂ is 0.75 M, and V₂ is 2.0 L. We have to find V₁.

[tex]\begin{aligned}V_1&=\frac{M_2V_2}{M_1}\\&=\frac{0.75\times2}{6}\\&=\mathrm{0.25\; L}\end{aligned}[/tex]

The answer is 0.25 L.

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Name each of the following chemicals using its IUPAC designation. ethyl 1,3 methyl 1,5 cyclohexane, 2-propyl three decane A4 heptane Dimethyl-7-hexane nonane

The longest chain of carbons in a molecule, whether it is a continuous chain or a ring, joined by a single bond, is named according to the IUPAC nomenclature system. All deviations, whether multiple bonds or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, are identified by prefixes or suffixes in accordance with a particular set of priorities.

Yes! Search for all of your molecules by selecting the Explore Data tab and then clicking the green Search button at the bottom of the screen. Choose to display the IUPAC field from the Structure Fields section by clicking Customize your report. Click

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Answer: 315 ppm

Explanation:

There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, ionic bond is polar and covalent  bond is non polar.

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.

An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound. Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond.

The compound that is ionic in nature can be dissociated very easily in water. Since ionic compounds are polar in nature, they readily dissolve in water.

Ionic bond is formed by element whose difference in electronegativity is high, these are polar. Whereas, covalent bond is formed by element whose electronegativity difference is zero.

Therefore, ionic bond is polar and covalent  bond is non polar.

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The calyces are the internal kidney structures that direct the urine into the renal pelvis of the ureter.

Urine is first produced in the kidneys and then has to exit the body since it includes dangerous substances and extra fluids. Urine then enters the calyces, travels through the renal pelvis, and finally enters the ureter, where it exits the body. The kidney's hilum is joined to the a. ureter. The best location for the pee to exit the body is through the ureter.

The kidney's central recess through which its arteries, nerves, and ureter travel is known as the renal hilum (Latin: hilum renale) or renal pedicle.

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After shaking with D₂O, the spectrum of ethanol shows two proton signals. The OH signals will no longer exist.

Three peaks may be seen in the ethanol 1H-NMR spectra. The following are the chemical shifts (Image 1).

The spectrum of ethanol after shaking with D₂O shows only two peaks. After shaking with D₂O, the peak that corresponds to OH disappears at this point. The following are the chemical shifts (Image 2).

At around 3.57 ppm, a water peak forms while the -OH resonance totally vanishes. This happens as a result of leftover H₂O and HOD in the D₂O bottle and traded out hydroxy protons (-OH), which now produce more H₂O.

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Knowing that the percent yield of this reaction was 72.0%, then 0.3681 moles I₂ was reacted with excess H₂.

Percent yield is defined as the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100.

Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100

If a quantity of I₂ was reacted with excess H₂ to give 0.530 moles of HI, and the percent yield of this reaction was 72.0%, then the theoretical yield of the reaction should be 0.7361 moles of HI.

Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100

72 = (0.530 / theoretical yield) x 100

theoretical yield = 0.7361 moles

Then, write a balanced equation for the reaction of I₂ and H₂ to produce HI.

I₂ + H₂ ⇒ 2 HI

From the balanced equation, 1 mole of I₂ requires 1 mole of H₂ to produce 2 moles of HI.

Theoretically, there should be 0.7361 moles of HI.

Let x = moles of I₂

1 mole of I₂ : 2 moles of HI = x mole of I₂ : 0.7361 moles of HI

x = 0.3681 moles I₂

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Nutrient pollution occurs when a person uses a detergent containing phosphorus to wash his clothing in a stream.

Nutrient pollution, it is the process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae. Nutrients can run off of land in urban areas where lawn and garden fertilizers are used.

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for biota, but it is also a common pollutant because, in many regions of the world, it is delivered in excess to receiving surface waters.

Thus, phosphorus-containing detergent used by a guy to wash his clothing in a stream is nutrient pollution or contamination.

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The proper supplied statement is that more products are created when Kc value is very large.

The equilibrium constant is Kc. Only the extent of reactions at equilibrium is provided; no information regarding reaction rates is provided.

Its equilibrium value At a specific temperature, the reaction will advance a certain amount, or Kc. 8.2. Products dominate reactants when Kc is greater than 1. (at equilibrium). When there are many more than 1, the reaction essentially ends. More reactants than products are created when Kc is less than 1.

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Emf generated is 4.124 v by an pt-cu electrode pair in a 1 molar solution of ions at standard temperature

The average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules in a substance is what we refer to as the substance's temperature.  Temperature decreases as a result of atoms and molecules' reduced motion as a result of removing energy (cooling). Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are the three temperature scales currently in use.

E° cell = E° cathode- E° anode

= 1.2-(-2.924)

=1.2+2.924

=4.124 v

E° cell = 4.124 v

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The pH of the solution is pH = 1.65

Final volume of the solution = 250.00 ml +  51 ml

Which on adding gives us the volume of solution as = 301 ml

Since the volume is supposed to be expressed in literes

thus the volume is 301/ 1000 = 0.301 L

Now,

[HCOO-] = 0.021 mol / 0.301 L = 0.069 M

[ HCOOH ] = 0.084 mol/ 0.301 L = 0.279 M

So the pH can be calculated by:

pH = 3.75 + log { 0.069 / 0.279 }

pH = 3.75 -  2.10

pH = 1.65

Thus the pH of the resulting solution is pH = 1.65

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IUPAC name for the branched chain alkane.  

Rule of IUPAC-

1) Longest chain as parent chain.

2) Numbering start from those side where more prior group present.

3) First written name of substituent then after written parent name.

4)If cyclic group present, then word 'cyclo' can be used.      

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CH3CO2H is called acetic acid. The name implies that, the correct option is (b) i.e. It can donate an H+ ion to a base, and forms CH3CO2-.

By changing the autoionization equilibrium in water, base produce solutions with lower hydrogen ion activity than pure water, meaning the water has a pH value greater than 7.0 under normal circumstances. If a soluble base includes and releases OH ions in a quantitative manner, it is referred to as an alkali. Basic substances include metal oxides, hydroxides, and notably alkoxides, as well as conjugate bases of weak acids. Acids have the effect of increasing the hydronium (H3O+) concentration in water, whereas bases have the reverse effect. This is why bases and acids are viewed as chemical opposites. Since OH does react with H+ to generate water, this does contain aqueous hydroxides, making Arrhenius bases a subset of Brnsted bases. Aqueous solutions of ammonia (NH3) or its chemical compounds are examples of other Brnsted bases that receive protons (amines). Despite the fact that these bases lack a hydroxide ion, when they interact with water, the hydroxide ion concentration rises. Additionally, Brnsted bases are present in several non-aqueous solvents, which interact with solvated protons.

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The answer to the above question is D. as mass transfer refers to the net transfer of mass from one place to another.

One of the fundamental concepts in the study of transport phenomena is mass transfer, which denotes the movement of mass from one location to another. In multiphase systems, mass transfer may occur within a single phase or across phase borders. Although it can also be characterised in terms of solid-phase materials, mass transfer often incorporates at least one fluid phase (gas or liquid) in engineering challenges.

The computation of mass flux in a system and the distribution of the mass of various species through time and space are both made possible by the theory of mass transfer.

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The right answer is D. Amino acids are zwitterions, or dipolar ions, with a core -carbon.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Life's essential building blocks are proteins and amino acids. Byproducts of the breakdown or digestion of proteins are amino acids. The body uses amino acids to make proteins that help with meal digestion.

These include alanine, serine, arginine, aspartic acid, taurine, cysteine, ammonia, proline, glycine, trypsin, and tyrosine. Other than these, there are nine other amino acids that are absolutely necessary because our bodies cannot make them.

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2-Chlorobutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane are chiral .

chiral condition - a compound is said to be chiral if it is surrounded by 4 different groups

I,IV are chiral

II,III are achiral

Molecular types with non-superposable mirror images are known as chiral molecules. The existence of an asymmetric carbon atom in a molecule is the characteristic that most frequently contributes to chirality. When referring to an object that cannot be superposed on its mirror counterpart, the adjective "chiral" is generally employed.

A corkscrew, golf clubs, scissors, and other chiral items all have a "handedness." Thus, one can get scissors and golf clubs that are designed for either hand. Gloves and shoes are also sold in pairs, a right and a left.

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Two extremely long-lived isotopes and seven stable isotopes make up naturally occurring xenon (54Xe). The isotope with the shortest half-life, 108Xe, has a half-life of 58 s.

There are two extremely long-lived isotopes and seven stable isotopes in naturally occurring xenon (54Xe). Among the nuclides with the longest measured half-lives are 124Xe and 136Xe, which both exhibit double electron capture and double beta decay. The half-lives of 124Xe are 1.8 0.5(stat) 0.1(sys) 1022 years and 2.165 0.016(stat) 0.059(sys) 1021 years, respectively.

A significant role for the man-made isotope 135Xe is played in nuclear fission reactor functioning. The thermal neutron cross section of 135Xe is extremely large.

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