In 1915, Neil Bohr proposed the Bohr model of the atom. It was made possible by modifying Rutherford's atomic model.
What is difference between Rutherford and Bohr Model ?The Rutherford and Bohr models describe the structure of an atom. Ernest Rutherford proposed the Rutherford model in 1911. Niels Bohr proposed the Bohr model in 1915. The Bohr model is thought to be a modification of the Rutherford model. The primary distinction between the Rutherford and Bohr models is that the Rutherford model does not explain the energy levels in an atom, whereas the Bohr model does.The Rutherford model of the atom states that an atom is made up of a central core in which nearly all of the atom's mass is concentrated, and light weight particles move around this central core. It also states that the central core is positively charged, while constituents moving around it are negatively charged.The Rutherford model has been modified by the Bohr model. This model was proposed based on the hydrogen atom's line spectra. According to this model, electrons always travel in specific shells or orbits around the nucleus. According to the Bohr model, these shells have different energies and are spherical in shape.To learn more about Rutherford model refer :
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based on the synthesis reaction, what would the product of the reaction be? napo3 cuo → ? nao cupo3 na p cu o4 nacupo4 nacu po4
NaPO3 and CuO produce CuNaPO4 as the result of the synthesis procedure. Synthesis reactions are those in which two chemicals react to produce a single result.
In a synthesis reaction, which is created?When two or more reactants come together to create one product, it is called a synthesis reaction. The general formula A + B AB is used to depict this kind of reaction. When sodium and chlorine are combined to form sodium chloride, this is an illustration of a synthesis reaction (NaCl).Chemical reactions can take many different forms. According to what happens during a reaction, reactions are categorized into groups.Synthesis reactions are those in which two chemicals react to produce a single result. In this instance, NaPO3 and CuO are mixed. CuNaPO4 is the reaction's end product (blue bead). NaPO3 + CuO -> CuNaPO4 is the equation for this reaction.To learn more about Synthesis reaction refer to:
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Classify each of the following substances as a nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte in water. KCIO, Cu(NO3)2 CH,CHOH NH, H.SO
Water-soluble strong electrolyte or weak electrolyte Cu(NO3)2 CH, NH, CHOH, KCIO, and H.SO
What are the 4 different forms of electrolytes?Types of electrolytes include sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium. We obtain them through the foods and beverages we consume (see the chart below for further examples). Blood tests are used to assess electrolyte levels, which must remain within a very narrow range to prevent major issues.
How often should I consume electrolytes?Taking an electrolyte supplement is undoubtedly an excellent option for daily health as dehydration may make you tired and produce headaches. You can feel more in control of your thoughts and maintain the proper level of hydration by consuming the optimum number of electrolytes.
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enter the complete molecular equation that demonstrates how this buffer neutralizes added acid (hcl)(NaOH) .
The salt solution has served as a buffer system, preventing pH changes caused by the addition of acid or base to the solution.
Since the hydrogen ion is a component of the acid, it reacts with the base to produce salt, which prevents the pH from changing too much.
The buffer solution's acid addition has been specified as:
[tex]HCl +NH_{3} > > > NH_{4} Cl[/tex]
To prevent the pH from changing, the base addition to the buffer combines with the acid component to create salts.
Following are the instructions for adding the base, NaOH, to the buffer solution:
[tex]NaOH + NH_{4} ^{+} > > > > > Na^{+}+ NH_{3}+ H_{2}O[/tex]
A buffer solution is an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and either its conjugate base or the base itself. When a modest amount of a strong acid or base is applied to it, the pH hardly changes at all.
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Fill in the blanks with the complete nuclide symbols for the particles that are required to balance the following nuclear reactions.
the complete nuclide symbols for the particles that are required to balance the following nuclear reactions is : 54Cr24
Let the reactant be X, Balance mass number on both sides, mass of Bi + mass of X = mass of n + mass of Bh 1*209 + M = 1*1 + 1*262, M = 54. Balance atomic number on both sides atomic of Bi + atomic of X = atomic of n + atomic of Bh,1*83 + A = 1*0 + 1*107, A = 24. Atomic number 24 is for element Cr. So, the reactant is 54-C. Answer: 54Cr24. Nuclides are frequently authored as AZX, in Which an is the total amount of protons and neutrons, Z reflects the amount of protons, and the distinction between B and Z represents the number of neutrons. Thus, 3717Cl signifies chlorine-37. A balanced equation is a chemical equation wherein mass is preserved so each element has an equivalent atomic mass on both sides of the issue.
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A model of an atom shows eight electrons in rings that represent different energy levels. How many electrons are in each energy level?(1 point) Responses four in the first energy level, four in the second energy level four in the first energy level, four in the second energy level zero in the first energy level, eight in the second energy level zero in the first energy level, eight in the second energy level two in the first energy level, six in the second energy level two in the first energy level, six in the second energy level eight in the first energy level, zero in the second energy level eight in the first energy level, zero in the second energy level
The correct option is, two in the first energy level, six in the second energy level.
Define model of atom.
An atom is a fundamental unit of matter that cannot be disassembled chemically.
Depending on the energy of the electron, the orbital shells that an atom's electrons are arranged in are located at various levels within the structure of the atom. The initial energy level, or electron shell nearest to the atom's nucleus, is where electrons with the lowest energy can be found.
The following formula determines the maximum number of electrons that can be discovered at a specific energy level;
The number of electron = 2 × n²
Where;
n = The number of the different energy level
Therefore;
In the first energy when n = 1, the maximum number of electrons is provided as follows;
The number of electron = 2 × 1² = 2 electrons
In the second energy when n = 2, the maximum number of electrons is provided as follows;
The number of electron = 2 × 2² = 8 electrons
We have 2 electrons in the first energy level and the remaining 6 electrons in the second energy level because there are only 8 electrons in the atom.
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What is the correctly balanced equation for the reaction of rust?; What is the correctly balanced equation?; What is the correct equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and iron?; Which is the correctly balanced equation for the reaction of KOH and h2so4?
The correctly balanced equation for the reaction of rust is 4Fe + 3O₂ + 2xH₂O → 2Fe₂O₃. x H₂O.
The correct equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and iron is 2HCl + Fe → FeCl₂ + H₂.
The correctly balanced equation for the reaction of KOH and H₂SO₄ is KOH + H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + H₂O.
A chemical reaction is a process to rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products. Rusting is a chemical reaction between iron, water, and air (oxygen gas).
Fe + O₂ + 2xH₂O → Fe(OH)₃A chemical reaction between acid and metal is salt and hydrogen gas.
Hydrochloric acid = HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻Iron = FeA chemical reaction between acid and base is salt and water.
Base KOH → K⁺ + OH⁻Acid H₂SO₄ → 2H⁺ + SO₄⁻²KOH + H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + H₂OLearn more about balanced chemical reaction here: https://brainly.com/question/26694427
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he given reaction takes place in acidic conditions under rigorous heating. complete the reaction mechanism, adding missing atoms and lone pairs, charges, and curved arrows as necessary. ignore hydrogen sulfate in steps 2 and 3. the starting material consists of a 5 carbon ring fused to a 4 carbon ring via a carbon. on the adjacent carbon on the 5 carbon ring is a hydroxy substituent. this reacts with h 2 s o 4 and heat to give two five carbon rings fused through a double bond between carbons 1 and 2. step 1: draw curved arrows.
The carbonile subtracts a H atom from the HCl in the initial step. The OH+ will then transfer the charge to the carbon, which is tertiary and readily stabilized, via resonance. After that, the chlorine subtracts a hydrogen atom to create a stable double bond on the charged carbon. Now, this combines with a second benzaldehyde molecule, and the result is a condensation product.
What is optimization for heat?Depending on their intended use, heat exchangers are optimized. The minimum initial cost, minimum operating cost, maximum efficiency, minimal pressure drop, minimal heat transfer area, minimal weight, or material are the most frequently used optimization criteria for heat exchangers.
What is the heat plan of action?The heat model is a behavioral approach that can be used to deal with complaints. It seeks to calm down and defuse the complainants' anger while, whenever possible, focusing on finding a solution to the problem or issue.
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What is the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?
To absorb water
To release oxygen
To absorb sunlight
To take in nutrients
Answer:
Chlorophyll plays a key role in the process of photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into energy. In photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. The glucose is used by the plant as a source of energy, while the oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.
To summarize, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Which of the following is a good practice to aid in preventing spillage?
There are many ways in which it can be ensured that chemicals do not get spilled .
To store Chemicals in Covered AreasTo use Spill Kits, Bunds, and Spill PalletsTo store Containers on Secure ShelvingTo prevent Overcrowding in Chemical Storage UnitsTo ensure Chemicals Are Stored at or Below Eye LevelTo regularly Inspect Chemical Containers on Site for Leaks or DeteriorationTo safeguard the Transportation of Chemical ContainersTo implement Strict Decanting Procedures.How quickly a chemical spill or leak can cause a serious accident or disaster is shocking. Chemical production, storage, and transportation all present a multitude of potential accident sites due to their volatile nature. Chemical safety in the workplace can be greatly increased by putting in place a strong emergency response plan and well-established spill prevention procedures.
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a flexible container at an initial volume of 3.10 l3.10 l contains 7.51 mol7.51 mol of gas. more gas is then added to the container until it reaches a final volume of 13.7 l.13.7 l. assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas remain constant, calculate the number of moles of gas added to the container.
A flexible container with an initial volume of 3.10l can hold 21.32 moles in total. 7.51 mol of gas are present. The container is then filled with more gas until it has a total volume of 13.7 l.
When we measure atoms, we use a large quantity called the number of moles.
It is determined how many moles of a gas should be added to the container.
preliminary concentration = 7.51 moles
beginning moles - subsequent moles
computation of the final moles
7.51 moles in 3.10 litres
X moles = 11.9L
through cross-multiplication
11.9 L times 7.51 moles/3.10 L equals 28.83 moles.
Consequently, the amount of moles gained is equal to: 28.83 moles – 7.51 moles = 21.32 moles.
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According to Le Châtelier's principle, how will an increase in pressure affect a gaseous equilibrium system?
Shift it toward the products
Shift it toward the reactants
Shift it toward the side with higher total mole concentration
Shift it toward the side with lower total mole concentration
Answer:
Shift it toward the side with lower total mole concentration
Explanation:
Le Châtelier's principle states that if there is a change in conditions (for example pressure, temperature) to a closed system in dynamic equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift to minimise the change.
Pressure is caused by the collision of gas molecules. The more molecules there are, the greater the pressure so the system must reduce in pressure to counteract the increase in pressure and restore equilibrium. It does this by shifting to the side with lower total mole concentration to decrease the pressure again.
How to remove dye from effluent from azo dye factory
The removal of the azo dye can be achieved by the use of the adsorbents.
How do you remove the azo dye?We know that a dye could be one of the contaminants that could be seen to be present in an effluent stream. It is always very important that we should be able to remove the wastes that are part of a stream as this is going to make sure that we do not have the effluent filled with a contaminant.
The contaminant that is found in the stream can be able to be passed into the aquatic ecosystem and then it could be passed along food chain and this is going to cause a much larger damage to people that are living in a locality.
We can be able to remove the azo dye by the use of the adsorbents that would be able to take up the dye and such save the environment.
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the halogens, X2 Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include nonbonding electrons. Use X to indicate a halogen atom.
In a lewis structure of a molecule, we place the valance electrons of the bonded atoms around them. Then the shared pair or bond pair electrons between the bonded atoms are joined and represented as a line.
whereas the nonbonding electrons called lone pairs are kept as a pair of dots around them. Now we know the valance electrons of any halogen is 7. So each halogen needs only 1 more electron to complete its octet. Hence on X2, each X-atom will share one of the electrons to form a single bond as in the image.
Halogens exist as simple molecules. Each molecule contains two halogen atoms joined by a single covalent bond. The table shows the color and physical state of chlorine, bromine, and iodine at room temperature. The word halogen means a salt-forming compound. All halogens have 7 electrons in their valence shell.
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Which of the following are the common TYPES of reducing agent used in organic chemistry?
A. Dissolving metal reagents
B. Hydride reducing agents
C. Molecular H2
D. Chromium reducing agents
The two most frequent types of reducing agents employed in organic chemistry are dissolving metal reagents and hydride reducing agents. Here, the term "chemical substance" refers to metal catalysts.
As well as reducing agents. that alter the speed of chemical reactions or interact with other chemical compounds during those reactions. For the purposes of this recommendation, they are ingredients utilized to create the drug substance or an excipient that is a component of a pharmaceutical product. The process of catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the rate of the reaction. Neither during the reaction nor after it, catalysts are consumed.
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which of the following agents blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds?
Agent that blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds is : hydrogen cyanide.
What is hydrogen cyanide?Hydrogen cyanide is sometimes also called prussic acid. It is a chemical compound with the formula HCN ( structure H−C≡N ) and it is a colorless, extremely poisonous and flammable liquid.
Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless or pale-blue liquid or gas with a bitter, almond-like odor and it interferes with the body's use of oxygen and may also cause harm to the brain, heart, blood vessels, and lungs. Exposure can sometimes prove to be fatal and workers may be harmed from the exposure to hydrogen cyanide.
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What do noble gases electron configuration have in common?; What do the elements neon helium argon and xenon have in common?; What is the electronic configuration of helium, neon and argon?; What do the electron configurations of neon argon krypton xenon and radon have in common?
Noble gases have full outer shells valence electrons. Helium, argon and xenon have p orbitals. Neon, argon, krypton and xenon are all noble gases and thus have a full outer shell.
Noble gases are the elements that belong respectively to group 18 . since they are the very last group on the periodic table, they have full outer shells of valence electrons. Helium, neon, and argon are all noble gases located in the last group that is 18th group of the periodic table. All noble gases have p orbitals. Electronic configuration for Neon is [He] 2s2 2p6. The configuration for Helium [He] is 1s2. and of argon, there are 8 valence electrons in this element and hence, has fully filled electronic configuration and is a stable element. This means that their outermost s and p orbitals are completely filled.
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B) State right (V) or wrong (x): 1. The internal energy in the cyclic process has constant value. 2. An adiabatic system is one which cannot transfer energy but transfer matter to and from its surrounding. 3. Heat of combustion could be used in calculation of the heat of formation. 4. An isochoric process takes place at constant concentration.
Answer:
1. False. The internal energy of a system can vary during a cyclic process.
2. False. An adiabatic system is a system that does not exchange heat with its surroundings. It may still be able to transfer matter or energy in other ways.
3. True. The heat of combustion is the amount of heat produced when a substance is burned. It can be used to calculate the heat of formation, which is the heat absorbed or released when a substance is formed from its elements.
4. False. An isochoric process is a process that takes place at constant volume. It does not necessarily involve a change in concentration.
Explanation:
Select all of the statements that correctly describe an amphoteric molecule or ion.
It can act as either a base or an acid.
It contains at least one hydrogen atom.
It can undergo either an acid-base reaction or an oxidation-reduction reaction.
It contains at least one chlorine atom.
It contains at least one lone pair of electrons.
It can act as either a base or an acid.
It contains at least one hydrogen atom.
It contains at least one lone pair of electrons.
The correct statements about amphoteric molecule or ion are: It can act as either a base or an acid.
It contains at least one hydrogen atom.
It contains at least one lone pair of electrons.
What is an amphoteric molecule or ion?An amphoteric (or amphiprotic) molecule is one that can function as both an acid and a base. Glycine is an example of an amphoteric amino acid. Base is the amino group (it can accept a proton).
Hydrogen ions can be repeatedly removed from an acid or repeatedly added to a base to reveal amphoteric compounds. Since NO2 is not an acid and does not contain any extra hydrogen ions, much alone extra hydrogen ions that cannot be eliminated, it is not amphoteric.
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which of the following molecules have the greatest internuclei distance? 1. which of the following molecules have the greatest internuclei distance? i2 n2 br2 cl2 o2
The largest internuclear distance is seen in cl2. The equilibrium distance between the two atoms' nuclei that make up a covalent connection is known as the bond length or bond distance.
It is often measured in nanometers or angstroms. The average distance between the nuclei of two bound atoms in a molecule is referred to in molecular geometry as the bond length or bond distance. It is a movable quality of a link between atoms of fixed kinds, largely independent of the remainder of the molecule. The term "internuclear distance" refers to the separation between two nuclei. It varies inversely with ion bond order, which indicates that the smaller the internuclear distance, the higher the bond order.
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___________inversions are present during strong sieges of acidic smog in London. This type of inversion combined with the combustion of ____________ during December of 1952 resulted in thousands of deaths from the resulting smog.
Temperature inversions are present during strong sieges of acidic smog in London. This type of inversion combined with the combustion of coal during December of 1952 resulted in thousands of deaths from the resulting smog.
What is Temperature?
Temperature refers to the hotness or coolness of a body. In specific terms, it is the means of determining the kinetic energy of particles within an object. When particles move more quickly, the temperature rises, and vice versa.
The temperature has a crucial part in practically every area of our everyday life as well as in all scientific domains, from physics to geology.
As the temperature rises, so does the velocity of these particles.
Temperature is a proportion of how hot or cold something is; explicitly, a proportion of the typical motor energy of the particles in an item, which is a sort of energy related with movement. Be that as it may, how hot will be hot, and the way in which cold will be cold? The terms hot and cold are not extremely logical terms. We should utilize temperature to portray how hot or cold something is. How hot, for example, is liquefied iron? To respond to that inquiry, an actual researcher would gauge the temperature of the fluid metal. It is less befuddling to utilize temperature rather than words like hot or cold.
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Which of the following represents alpha decay?
OA. 100Eu+ge 16Sm
150
→>>
OB. 100Gd
OC. Tc-TC+y
OD. 14Gd-14Sm+ He
→>>>
100Tb + e
65
100Eu+e 16S---Sm150 represents alpha decay because minimum penetration power and highest ionization power.
What does an alpha decay look like?
A positively charged particle similar to the helium-4 nucleus is spontaneously released during alpha decay. Two protons and two neutrons make up this particle, also referred to as an alpha particle. Sir Ernest Rutherford made the discovery and gave it a name in 1899.
What substances exhibit alpha decay?The nuclei of heavy elements like radium, uranium, thorium, etc. undergo alpha decay. When a radium (Ra) nucleus decays, it releases an alpha particle and transforms into a radon (Rn) nucleus.
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below is the lewis structure of the chlorine molecule. count the number of bonding pairs and the number of lone pairs around the left chlorine atom.
10 electrons, no lone pairs In the Lewis structure, each line represents a bond that holds a pair of electrons. Two single bonds and one triple bond each have 10 shared electrons.
How does the Lewis structure rule work?Because they always occur at the extremities of a chain of atoms, hydrogen atoms can only form single bonds. With carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen, hydrogen is frequently linked. Only O2, O3, superoxides, and peroxides are exceptions to the rule that oxygen atoms do not normally connect to one another.
How would you define the Lewis structure using an example?The idea of the octet rule, in which atoms share electrons so that each has eight electrons in its outer shell, is the foundation of a Lewis structure. The outer shell of an oxygen atom, for instance, has six electrons.
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A 8.00 L tank at 22.8 °C is filled with 6.88 g of sulfur hexafluoride gas and 2.33 g of dinitrogen monoxide gas. You can assume both gases behave as ideal gases under these conditions. Calculate the mole fraction and partial pressure of each gas, and the total pressure in the tank.
Mole fraction of SF6 is 0.081 and N₂O is 1.107 . Partial pressure of SF6 is 0.126 atm and N₂O is 0.273 atm .
In chemistry, what does a mole fraction mean?the proportion of the moles with one component to the total moles of all the components in a solutions or other mixture.
Briefing:Mole fraction of each gas,
Sulfur hexafluoride molar mass = 146.1 g / mol) = SF6
moles SF6 = 6.88 g x 1 / 146.1 = 0.047 moles
dinitrogen monoxide = N₂O = 44.013 g/mol
moles N₂O = 2.33 g x 1 /44.013 = 0.53 moles
Total moles = 0.047 moles + 0.53 moles = 0.577 moles
Mole fraction SF6 = 0.047 / 0.577 = 0.081
Mole fraction N₂O = 0.53 / 0.577 = 1.107
by using formula, we can determine the partial pressure for each gas
PV = nRT
P = pressure = ?
V = volume = 8.00 L
n = moles = 0.577 moles
R = gas constant = 0.0821 Latm/Kmol
T = temperature in K = 22.8 °C + 273.15 = 295.95 K
P = nRT/V = (0.577)(0.0821)(295.95) / 8.00
P = 1.75 atm = Total pressure
Partial pressure SF6 = 1.75 atm x 0.081 = 0.126 atm
Partial pressure N₂O = 1.75 atm x 1.107 = 0.273 atm
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liquid benzene (c6h6) reacts with gaseous oxygen to form carbon dioxide and liquid water. chemical equations
Liquid benzene (c6h6) reacts with gaseous oxygen to form carbon dioxide and liquid water, equation can be written as :
2C6H6 + 15O ---> 12 Co2 + 6H2O
What do you know about benzene?Benzene is a colorless/ light-yellow chemical (liquid) at room temperature and is produced by both natural and man-made processes. It is used as a solvent in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as a starting material and as intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, and in gasoline.
The combustion of one mole of benzene, C6H6(1), in oxygen generates 3.268* 103 kJ of heat and the products of the reaction are carbon dioxide and water.
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What Is The Strongest Acid Among The Following? A) H2S B) HCI C) H20 D) HF
The HCl acid is stronger than all of the following because chlorine atom is more electronegative.
HCl is a sturdy acid as it dissociates nearly completely. By contrast, a susceptible acid like acetic acid (CH3COOH) does now no longer dissociate properly in water – many H+ ions stay bound-up inside the molecule. In summary: the more potent the acid the extra loose H+ ions are launched into solution.
HCl is a more potent acid than HF due to the fact fluorine is extra electronegative than chlorine.H2S is extra acidic than water due to the fact OH bonds are more potent than SH bonds. Sulfur is likewise large than oxygen, in order that allows stabilize the SH− anion relative to OH.
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The rate constant, k, for a first-order reaction is equal to 0.00042s-¹. What is the half-life for the reaction?
The half-life of a first-order reaction is the time it takes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease by half. The half-life of a first-order reaction is inversely proportional to the rate constant, k, for the reaction.
To calculate the half-life of a first-order reaction, you can use the equation:
half-life = ln(2) / k
In this equation, ln(2) is the natural logarithm of 2, and k is the rate constant for the reaction.
Plugging in the value for the rate constant, k gives:
half-life = ln(2) / 0.00042 s-1 = 1.609 s
Therefore, the half-life for the reaction is 1.609 s.
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The outer shell electrons in metals are not tightly bound to the nuclei of their atoms. They are free to roam throughout the material, moving from atom to atom. These materials are good ____. conductors insulators for nothing
The outer shell electrons in metals are not tightly bound to the nuclei of their atoms. They are free to roam throughout the material, moving from atom to atom. These materials are good conductors.
A conductors can be defined as the substances and the materials that will allow flow of the electricity through it. in the conductors the electrons or the ions can be easily move from the one atom to another atom. in the case of metals the outer shell valence electrons are loosely bounded to the nucleus. the electrons are free to move from in the material that is from the one atom to the other atom.
Thus, the metals are the good conductors of the electricity.
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the electron transport chain is, in essence, a series of redox reactions that comprise the last stage of aerobic cellular respiration. during these redox reactions, oxygen is oxidized as it picks up electrons at the very end of the electron transport chain
The electron transport chain is, defined as essence and series of redox reactions that conclude cellular respiration. During the process of redox reactions, NAD+ is reduced, which then oxidizes an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
The electron transport chain is defined as a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. Electron transport system occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Hence, it is seen that NAD+ is reduced during the process of electron transport chain system.
The given question is incomplete," So I have answered according to my knowledge."
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What is it called when electrons are shared?; What is the attraction for shared electrons?; What is the attraction one atom has towards an electron called?
When electrons are shared between two atoms, they make a bond called a covalent bond
A non-polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs when two atoms share electrons equally. As a result, the number of electrons shared by the neighboring atoms in an atom would be equal.
Since the difference in electronegativity is usually small, the covalent bond is often referred to as nonpolar. It also means that there is no charge separation between the two atoms or that their electronegativity is identical. When atoms that share a polar bond arrange themselves in such a way that their electric charges cancel each other out, this type of bond is formed.
A non-polar covalent bond may form between two non-metal atoms that are the same or between atoms that are different.
Non-polar covalent compounds are covalent compounds that have no difference in electronegativity. There is no improvement in electronegativity in these compounds because bond pairs of electrons do not move towards the bonded atoms.
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What are some signs of chemical change?
Here some signs of chemical change :
Color Change.Production of an odor.Change of Temperature.Evolution of a gas (formation of bubbles)Precipitate (formation of a solid)What is a chemical change?Chemical change, or, alternatively, chemical breakdown into two or more separate molecules, occurs when one material reacts with another to create a new substance. These processes are referred to as chemical reactions, and they are often irreversible barring additional chemical reactions. Exothermic processes are those that generate heat; endothermic reactions, on the other hand, are those that may need heat in order to proceed. The science of chemistry places a lot of emphasis on comprehending chemical changes.Atoms are rearrange during chemical reactions, and as new products are produced, the reaction is accompanied by an energy change. The reaction of sodium and water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen is an illustration of a chemical change.Learn more about chemical change refer to :
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