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The Bernoulli family, particularly Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) and his nephew Nicolaus Bernoulli (1687-1759), made significant contributions to the field of mathematics and probability theory.

Their work was influential in the development of expected utility theory, which is a key concept in decision theory.
Daniel Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, is known for his publication "Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk" in 1738. In this work, he introduced the concept of expected utility and made important contributions to the understanding of decision-making under uncertainty. Bernoulli argued that individuals' choices are not solely based on the monetary value of outcomes but also take into account the subjective utility or satisfaction derived from those outcomes. He proposed that individuals evaluate outcomes in terms of the expected value of their utility rather than the expected monetary value.
Nicolaus Bernoulli, another Swiss mathematician and cousin of Daniel Bernoulli, expanded on his cousin's work. In his publication "Exercitationes Quaedam Mathematicae" in 1713, Nicolaus Bernoulli introduced the concept of diminishing marginal utility. He argued that as individuals acquire more of a particular good or resource, the additional utility gained from each additional unit diminishes. This concept of diminishing marginal utility laid the foundation for understanding how individuals make choices in the face of uncertainty.

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Answer: a O immigrant women

Explanation: i did the quiz and got i right

Catt opened her piece by stating that "prejudice and tradition are breaking down". The statement applies to all women.

A woman is an adult female human. A woman may be referred to as a girl, maiden, or woman, and she may be referred to as an individual or a group. Prejudice refers to the preconceived notions, beliefs, attitudes, and feelings that a person or a group has toward another individual or group. It can be positive or negative and is frequently the product of socialization, cultural conditioning, and individual experiences.Tradition is a system of beliefs, values, customs, and practices that is passed down through generations and shapes a group's way of life. These traditions might be based on religious, moral, or social norms that have been handed down through the generations. They provide individuals with a sense of belonging and continuity.Catt's statement that prejudice and tradition are breaking down applies to all women. Women have faced prejudice and oppression throughout history. Women have been barred from obtaining an education, working, and participating in government. They have also been the target of violence, discrimination, and inequality. Catt's comment is an assertion that things are changing, and women are making strides toward equality.

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The correct answer is B. The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War and in American history, with approximately fifty-one thousand casualties.

It took place on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland. The battle was a significant turning point in the Civil War, as it marked the first major Confederate incursion into northern territory.Although the battle ended inconclusively, it was seen as a strategic Union victory because Confederate General Robert E. Lee was forced to retreat back into Virginia. The battle also had political implications, as it provided President Abraham Lincoln with the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared the freedom of slaves in Confederate-held territory.Therefore, option A is incorrect as the issuing of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation followed the Battle of Antietam. Option C is incorrect as the battle did not result in the surrender of a city or the splitting of the Confederacy. Option D is incorrect as the battle was not a Confederate victory.

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The statement is a false (F) statement. The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, as well as the end of the Soviet Union's control over Eastern Europe and the reunification of Germany.

While it was a significant event in history, it did not necessarily signify the end of communism or the opening of a worldwide economic system.

The fall of the Berlin Wall led to a new era in international relations, where former communist countries began transitioning to market economies and democratic governments. However, some countries such as China and North Korea, still have communist governments and have not opened their economies to the global market.

Furthermore, while globalization and international trade have expanded since the fall of the Berlin Wall, there are still many countries that do not participate in the global economic system due to a variety of reasons such as sanctions, political isolation, or underdeveloped infrastructure.

In conclusion, the fall of the Berlin Wall was a significant event in history, but it did not necessarily signify the end of communism or the opening of a worldwide economic system.

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One of the reasons France remained neutral during the war was its geographic position. As a country located in Western Europe, France shared borders with several countries involved in the conflict, making it vulnerable to invasion and military aggression. However, France did not remain neutral during the war. It was, in fact, an active participant and one of the major powers involved.

During the early stages of the war, France was determined to defend its territorial integrity and honor alliances with other nations. France had a defensive alliance with Russia, and when Germany declared war on Russia, France honored its alliance and joined the war to support its ally. Furthermore, France had longstanding rivalries and tensions with Germany, which played a significant role in its decision to participate in the conflict.

France's involvement in the war was driven by various factors, including its desire to regain territories lost in previous conflicts, uphold its national interests, and protect its strategic position in Europe. The country mobilized its military forces and engaged in intense battles on the Western Front against German forces. The French army played a crucial role in various key battles, such as the Battle of the Marne and the Battle of Verdun.

It is important to note that neutrality refers to a state of non-involvement in a conflict, and France's active participation in the war contradicts the notion of neutrality. France's decision to join the war was influenced by its geopolitical circumstances, historical alliances, and strategic considerations, rather than a desire to remain neutral.

In summary, France did not remain neutral during the war. It actively participated in the conflict due to its alliances, territorial ambitions, and strategic interests. Therefore, the statement that France remained neutral during the war is inaccurate.

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Personal conditions such as a lack of employment prospects, educational chances, access to healthcare, and other necessities are push factors of immigration.

Better economic possibilities, access to healthcare and education, a safer and more stable environment, and a higher standard of life are all pull factors of immigration.

Push factors are what prompt individuals to leave their nation of origin and immigrate to another one. Pull factors are the things that make individuals want to move to another nation.

An individual's decision to immigrate is influenced by a combination of push and pull influences.

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One social justice movement that was influenced by earlier activism is the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

The abolitionist movement of the 19th century, which fought to end slavery, laid the groundwork for later civil rights activism. African American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth highlighted the importance of equal rights and racial justice.

The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, an intellectual and cultural movement centered in Harlem, New York, played a significant role in shaping African American identity and consciousness. The movement promoted the idea of racial uplift, self-expression, and the fight against racial discrimination, providing a foundation for later civil rights activism.

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Former President Donald Trump's appointments of Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court have had and will continue to have a significant impact on the court.

These appointments have shifted the balance of the court to a more conservative majority, potentially influencing the direction of future legal decisions.
Neil Gorsuch: Gorsuch was appointed by President Trump in 2017 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. Gorsuch is considered a conservative judge who emphasizes textualism and originalism in his interpretation of the Constitution. His appointment restored the ideological balance on the court following Scalia's passing.
Brett Kavanaugh: Kavanaugh's appointment in 2018 was contentious and marked by intense public scrutiny during his confirmation hearings. Kavanaugh's judicial record suggests he leans conservative, although he has also demonstrated an independent streak in some cases. His appointment solidified the conservative majority on the court, potentially influencing its decisions on a range of issues.
Amy Coney Barrett: Barrett's appointment in 2020 was also met with significant attention and controversy. As a conservative jurist, she is expected to interpret the Constitution in a textualist and originalist manner, similar to Justice Gorsuch. Her appointment further solidified the conservative majority on the court, potentially shaping its rulings for years to come.

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Answer: The primary message this would have sent was that the Empire was in danger of collapsing since it was beyond clear that the rulers could not control their own population.

Toussaint L'Ouverture and his successors influenced global history according to C. L. R. James by discouraging Spanish colonies from fighting for emancipation. Thus, option A is appropriate.

General François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture of Haiti was the most well-known figurehead of the Haitian Revolution. Throughout his life, Louverture battled for Haitian freedom first against the French, then for them, and eventually against France once more.

General Toussaint Louverture, who led the Haitian Revolution, was a Haitian who lived from around 1743 to 1803. It is believed that Toussaint Louverture was born an enslaved person sometime between 1739 and 1746 on the property Bréda near Haut de Cap on the northern coast of Saint-Domingue, now known as Haiti.

Thus, option A is correct.

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Employees use union strikes to air their grievances with the company. Labour strikes benefit union goals because they are heard by management when they take to the streets.

The union's goals as well as company grievances will be revealed as a result of media coverage. Union strikes assist management in reevaluating salary rates, and both management and employees can agree on suitable and fair wage rates through negotiation and compromise. Wage disparities will be reduced. Union employees will also negotiate incentives and benefits that will benefit the entire workforce.

Due to a societal belief in Social Darwinism, American workers had few, when any, legal protections during the Second Industrial Revolution. To combat this, workers began to form unions, such as the American Federation of Labour, to bargain in their behalf, despite opposition from corporations and business owners.

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Numerous injustices persist, including systemic racism, gender inequality, economic disparities, human rights abuses, environmental degradation, and political oppression. These injustices manifest in various forms and affect different communities worldwide. For example, racial discrimination continues to marginalize and disadvantage minority groups, with disparities in areas such as education, employment, and criminal justice. Gender inequality persists in many societies, leading to unequal access to opportunities, violence against women, and limited reproductive rights.

Human rights abuses occur in numerous regions, including violations of freedom of speech, assembly, and expression, as well as infringements on privacy and the right to a fair trial. Economic inequalities remain stark, with a significant portion of the global population living in poverty, lacking access to basic needs such as healthcare, education, and clean water.

Environmental injustices are also prominent, with marginalized communities disproportionately bearing the brunt of pollution, climate change, and resource exploitation. Political oppression, censorship, and restricted freedoms curtail democratic processes and limit citizens' ability to express their opinions or participate fully in society.

While addressing these injustices is crucial, it is important to pursue change through legal and peaceful means. Civil disobedience, while historically associated with some movements, carries legal consequences and should be undertaken thoughtfully and responsibly. Instead, individuals and communities can engage in activism, advocacy, education, and support organizations and initiatives working towards justice and equality.

Ultimately, the fight against injustices requires collective effort, public awareness, policy changes, and sustained commitment to creating a more equitable and just world for all.

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The environmental movement in the United States during the 1960s and early 1970s emerged as a response to Rachel Carson's Silent Spring and the Santa Barbara Oil Spill.

Rachel Carson's groundbreaking book, "Silent Spring," published in 1962, played a pivotal role in awakening public consciousness about environmental issues. The book raised concerns about the detrimental effects of pesticides, particularly DDT, on wildlife and the environment.

The Santa Barbara oil spill in 1969, which resulted in the release of over 3 million gallons of crude oil into the ocean, had a profound impact on public perception. The incident captured national attention and drew public outrage, leading to increased calls for environmental regulation and protection of natural resources.

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The institutional design created by the Framers in the U.S. Constitution can be viewed as a rational system, given the historical context and objectives they sought to achieve.

The Constitution established a federal system with a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances to prevent the concentration of power and protect individual liberties.
One rational feature of the institutional design is the separation of powers among the three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This division of powers helps ensure that no single branch becomes too dominant or tyrannical. Each branch has specific powers and limitations, providing a system of checks and balances. For instance, the president can veto legislation passed by Congress, but Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote.
Additionally, the creation of a bicameral legislature, with the House of Representatives and the Senate, reflects a rational approach. It strikes a balance between proportional representation and equal representation among the states. The House of Representatives is designed to reflect population size, ensuring that larger states have a proportional voice, while the Senate grants equal representation to all states, regardless of size. This compromise aimed to prevent the domination of smaller states while considering the concerns of larger ones.

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

A discounted loan is one in which the borrower receives the principal plus the interest at the time the loan is made. This statement is False.

A discounted loan is a type of loan where the borrower receives the principal amount of the loan upfront, but the interest is deducted or "discounted" from the principal at the time of loan origination. This means that the borrower receives a reduced amount of funds compared to the full principal, as the interest is taken into account and deducted upfront.The borrower is responsible for repaying the full principal amount, and the interest is essentially paid in advance. The interest deducted upfront represents the cost of borrowing and is based on the anticipated interest that would accrue over the loan term. The borrower is not required to make ongoing interest payments but is still obligated to repay the full principal amount.
In summary, a discounted loan involves the borrower receiving a reduced amount of funds upfront, as the interest is deducted from the principal at the time of loan disbursement. The borrower is still responsible for repaying the full principal amount over the agreed-upon loan term.

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Answer:

Yes, Northerners did everything they could to circumvent the old Fugitive Slave Law, which allowed the slaveholders to reclaim escaped slaves even if they were living in free states. The Fugitive Slave Act was heavily opposed by the abolitionists in the North, who organized efforts to free escaped slaves and provided shelters and other forms of support to those on the run. Additionally, many Northerners enacted personal policies of 'slave resistance', in which they refused to assist slaveholders in retrieving their 'property' and instead offered them refuge and protection.

The correct option is D. Northerners hated the law and tried to find ways around it.What is the meaning of the word "circumvent"?The word "circumvent" means to find a way around something, or to avoid something cleverly. In this context, "circumvent" implies that Northerners did not support the Fugitive Slave Act and found ways to avoid or get around it.The Fugitive Slave Act was a law passed in 1850 that required people in the North to help capture and return escaped slaves to their owners in the South. Many Northerners opposed this law and felt that it was immoral. As a result, they tried to help escaped slaves to avoid being caught and returned to slavery.

Explanation:

After the repression of the Maritz rebellion against the government, J. B. M. Hertzog founded the National Party as an Afrikaner nationalist party. Hertzog led the National Party the 1915 and 1920 elections under the slogan "South Africa first" to create a South Africa independent from the British influence.

During the First Silk Roads Era, one of the two important intermediaries was the Kushan family. They would unite the overland Silk Road between the Oxus and Ganges rivers, move commerce between Rome and China, and establish themselves as the cosmopolitan lords of northern India.

The Kushan state benefited greatly from the commercial networks that the Silk Road afforded, which not only helped to enrich merchants but also helped the state generate significant tax income. Throughout its roughly 1,400-year existence, the silk road was a well-traveled network of routes that linked East and West. At bazaars or caravanserai along the path, traders on the silk road traded and carried products.

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Two popular music styles that contributed to the development of opera are monody and madrigal.

Monody, a solo vocal style accompanied by a simple instrumental bass, emerged in the late 16th century. It allowed for greater expressiveness and a focus on the emotional power of the text.

Madrigal, a secular vocal genre originating in Italy during the Renaissance, also played a significant role. Madrigals were polyphonic songs that combined poetry and music, often expressing themes of love and nature.

By combining the emotional depth of monody and the expressive storytelling of madrigals, composers, and librettists began to create the early operatic works that would later evolve into the grand and elaborate art form we know as opera.

Thus, the combination of monody and madrigal led to the development of Opera to a large extent.

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Malala's commitment to instruction and promotion against the Taliban's onerous administration negates their fear of instruction driving to Westernization.

Introduction:

Malala Yousafzai, a taught fifteen-year-old Pakistani, epitomizes the inconsistency of the Taliban's fear that instruction leads to Westernization.

Her immovable devotion to instruction and her exceptional flexibility in the confront of misfortune highlight her as a confirmation of the transformative control of instruction.

Through her claim encounters and activities, Malala exposes the Taliban's anti-education position, emphasizing the fundamental part of instruction in engaging people and cultivating advance.

Body Sections:

Firstly, Malala's claim commitment to instruction, in spite of being focused on by the Taliban, serves as a clear inconsistency to their claim.

In her energetic backing for girls' instruction, Malala firmly believes that instruction may be a widespread right and a crucial instrument for social improvement.

By bravely talking out against the harsh administration, she has gotten to be a persuasive voice for instruction, illustrating that information and strengthening are not kept to any specific culture or belief system.

Furthermore, Malala's instructive travel, as portrayed within the portion, exhibits the transformative control of learning.

Her interest in instruction drove her to create basic considering abilities, a sense of self-worth, and a profound appreciation for the control of information.

By picking up an instruction, she was able to challenge the conventional standards and desires set on ladies in her society, pushing for sex uniformity and rousing millions around the world.

Besides, Malala's accentuation on the importance of instruction as a implies to counter radical belief systems specifically negates the Taliban's fears.

Instead of being a pathway to Westernization, instruction prepares people with the apparatuses to lock in basically with distinctive points of view, cultivating resistance, sympathy, and a broader understanding of the world.

Malala's endeavors to advance instruction emphasize the part it plays in countering radicalization and building comprehensive social orders.

Conclusion:

Malala Yousafzai's story represents the control of instruction to negate the Taliban's fear that instruction leads to Westernization.

Her unflinching commitment to instruction, her individual development, and her backing for sex correspondence highlight the transformative effect instruction can have on people and communities.

By standing up against the onerous administration and advancing instruction as a widespread right, Malala exhibits the positive potential instruction holds, dispersing the idea that it essentially leads to Westernization.

Instep, instruction gets to be a guide of trust, strengthening, and advance, independent of social or ideological boundaries.

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After 1680, Chesapeake planters began to rely more heavily on black slave labor than on indentured white servants because of the decline in Indentured servitude.

The availability of white indentured servants decreased significantly after 1680. Indentured servitude involved individuals working for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World.

However, the supply of indentured servants from England began to decline due to improving economic conditions in England, reduced emigration, and increasing competition for labor in the colonies.  Planters found that slave labor provided more long-term profitability and control over the workforce.

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Answer:

He believed that if he Created a League of Nations it would help avert future wars:))

Explanation:

The summary of the five chosen events and their statistics are as related to Japan are given below.

Event 1

What happened? Meiji Restoration

Where did it happen? Japan

When did it   happen? 1868

Why did it happen? The Meiji Restoration marked the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule in Japan. It aimed to modernizeand westernize Japan to strengthen it politically and economically.

Event 2

Event 3

Russo-Japanese War

Manchuria and the Sea of Japan

1904-1905

The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japanover territorial and strategic interests in Manchuria and Korea.   Japan's victory demonstrated its growing military prowess.

Event 4

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,United States

December 7, 1941

Imperial Japan launched a surprise military attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor to weaken the U.S. Pacific Fleet and prevent interference in   Japan's expansion in Southeast Asia.

Event 5

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan

August 6 andAugust 9, 1945

The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a strategic   military move to force Japan's surrender and end World War II.

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The discovery of radium in the early 20th century was met with great enthusiasm and quickly became commercialized.  However, in one particularly unethical case, a fake person named "Dr. Alfred Curie" was created to promote the face cream.

Its supposed health benefits were touted in various products, including a face cream called tho-radia.This deceptive marketing tactic highlights the dangers of prioritizing profit over ethics and the importance of responsible advertising practices.

In summary- The discovery of radium was quickly commercialized, and it was used in various products due to its perceived health benefits. In one case, a fake persona was created to promote Tho-Radia face cream. This marketing strategy aimed to increase the product's credibility and appeal to potential consumers. However, later it was discovered that radium's radioactive properties were harmful, and its use in such products was discontinued.

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The discovery of radium was quickly commercialized. In one case a fake person by the name of Doris Ashley was created to shill Tho-Radia face cream.

The discovery of radium was a significant milestone in the history of science and was quickly commercialized. The radioactive element was touted as a miracle cure for various ailments and was added to a variety of consumer products, including face creams. One of the most egregious examples of radium exploitation involved a fake person named Doris Ashley.

In the 1920s, the United States Radium Corporation manufactured a line of cosmetics called Tho-Radia that contained radium. The company advertised the products as a cure for acne, freckles, and other skin blemishes. To promote the brand, the company created a fictional character named Doris Ashley, who was supposedly a well-known socialite and beauty expert.

In reality, Doris Ashley never existed. She was a fabrication of the United States Radium Corporation's marketing department, created to shill their products. The company used the character to promote Tho-Radia and other radium-laced cosmetics, falsely claiming that they had been endorsed by a respected beauty authority.

The use of radium in consumer products was eventually banned due to concerns about its health risks. However, the legacy of radium exploitation lives on as a cautionary tale of the dangers of unregulated commercialization of scientific discoveries.

In conclusion, Doris Ashley was a fake person created to promote Tho-Radia face cream, which contained radium. The story of Doris Ashley is a testament to the unscrupulous marketing tactics that were employed to capitalize on the discovery of radium.

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Social Darwinism persuaded allies of dominion to think that "lesser" countries were not quite so fit as the US to contend in world exchange. was Social Darwinism associated with the turn-of-the-century government of the US. Subsequently choice (C) is right.

Social Darwinism is the review and execution of different hypotheses and cultural practices that imply to apply organic ideas of regular choice and natural selection to human science, financial aspects and legislative issues, and which were to a great extent characterized by researchers in Western Europe and North America in the 1870s.

Social Darwinism holds that the solid see their riches and influence increment while the government  feeble see their abundance and influence decline. Social Darwinist meanings of the solid and the powerless shift, and furthermore vary on the exact components that reward strength and rebuff shortcoming

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Migration north during World War II brought better economic opportunities, escape from segregation, increased activism, and cultural enrichment for African Americans.

As hundreds of thousands of African Americans migrated north during World War II, their lives underwent significant changes.

Overall, the migration of African Americans to the North during World War II brought about significant changes, including improved economic prospects, escape from segregation, increased political empowerment, cultural expression, and enhanced educational opportunities.

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The "winner's curse" is a concept that can be applied to various scenarios where winning or being the highest bidder in a competitive process can actually lead to negative consequences or disadvantages.

In a bidding process, the winner's curse suggests that the party who wins the bid is likely to have overestimated the value of the item being bid upon. This means that the winner may end up paying more for the item than it is actually worth, resulting in a financial disadvantage. This occurs because the winning bidder tends to be the party that places the highest value on the item, which may lead to an overvaluation.
In professional sports, the winner's curse can be seen when a team wins a championship or achieves a significant success. They become the target of other teams who are motivated to defeat them. This increased attention and competition make it more challenging for the winning team to maintain their success, leading to a "curse" where they struggle to repeat their achievements.
Overall, the winner's curse refers to situations where winning or being the highest bidder carries unforeseen disadvantages or challenges that can outweigh the benefits of winning. It highlights the idea that winning is not always a guarantee of success or favorable outcomes.

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Answer:

because.

Explanation:

Africa is rich in natural resources ranging from arable land, water, oil, natural gas, minerals, forests and wildlife. The continent holds a huge proportion of the world's natural resources, both renewables and non-renewables.