Somebody please help me!
It’s due tomorrow!! Thanks

Answer:

Microscopic examination of an animal cell reveals the presence of a plasma membrane, but no cell wall. Other structures that would normally be present within this cell include a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and lysosomes. Additionally, animal cells usually contain cytoskeletons, which are composed of various proteins such as microtubules and actin filaments that provide structure and support to the cell.

The probability that their first two children will both be ab/ab genotype is (41/100) ×(41/100) =0.1681.

The genetic distance between two genes is 18 cM. This suggests that recombination frequency between two genes is 18%. Hence the recombinant gamete produced by heterozygous parent is 18%

The parental gametes are 100-18= 82%

Now it is given that man's father is AABB. This suggest that man's genotype is in cis condition. Man's genotype is AB/ab

Parents : AB/ab  (Man)  × ab/ ab (Woman) 

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Answer:

The ribosome is an essential organelle for many reasons in below

Explanation:

The ribosome is an essential organelle because it is responsible for the synthesis of proteins. Proteins are the most important components of cells, as they serve as a component of all cellular functions such as cell metabolism, replication, and communication.

The cell has three other organelles: mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Both of these organelles perform important tasks within the cell, but neither of them can synthesize proteins. Therefore, it is clear that without the ribosome, there would be no way for cells to synthesize proteins or perform any other tasks.

In addition to being essential to cellular function, the ribosome has been shown to have other important functions in its own right. For example, it has been shown that the ribosome can bind DNA and repair damage caused by free radicals (a type of chemical reaction). Furthermore, some research has shown that certain diseases such as cancer can be caused by defects in ribosomal complexes or genes that encode parts of these complexes.

A vacuole is waste management because it helps the cell get rid of waste. The correct option is C.

A membrane-bound cell organelle known as a vacuole. Animal cells typically have tiny vacuoles that aid in the sequestration of waste. Vacuoles in plant cells aid in preserving the equilibrium of water.

Maintaining cell acidity and turgor pressure, controlling the storage and movement of substances, regulating the transport and localization of crucial proteins.

These are done through the endocytic and lysosomal-vacuolar transport pathways, and responding to biotic and abiotic stresses are among the primary roles of vacuoles.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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I observe a fan blowing around the room. The fan is rotating in a clockwise direction and is moving in a circular pattern around the room.

What is the clockwise ?

Clockwise is a direction that is determined by the movement of a clock's hands: from the top of the clock to the right, then down and to the left, and then back up to the top. It is the opposite of counterclockwise. Clockwise motion can be seen in the rotations of fans, wheels, and other objects. It is also used to describe the order in which people or things move around in a circle. In relation to a reference point, the fan is moving at a constant distance away from the point in a clockwise direction. To determine the speed of the fan I could time how long it.

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when a muscle is held during a stretch for a prolonged period, the gto is activated, which results in the muscle relaxing. this action is called as  autogenic inhibition.

When the Golgi tendon organ (GTO) and muscle spindles are activated, certain muscles are inhibited from contracting. These two musculotendinous proprioceptors, which are found in and around joints and muscles, respond to changes in muscle tension and length, which aids in the management of muscular control and coordination.

When the muscle contracts or stretches, the GTO, which is located between the muscle belly and the tendon, detects increased tension. When a muscle contracts, the GTO is activated, and it responds by inhibiting the contraction and contracting the opposing (antagonist) muscle group. Autogenic inhibition is the name given to this process.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

hope this helps

The respiratory tract is where pseudostratified columnar epithelia most frequently occur. On the apical surface of these cells, cilia are present.

In contrast to the skin's epithelium, a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium appears to have several layers but is actually made up of just one sheet of cells. This illusion results from the arrangement of the nuclei within the individual columnar cells. These formations, which may be seen clearly under a microscope, can be found at different depths, giving the illusion of stratification. The cilia, which resemble microscopic hairs and line the cells, are easier to see under a microscope. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells are most prevalent along the respiratory tract and function to trap and move foreign objects into the lungs and nasal passages.

The function of pseudostratified epithelia is secretion or absorption. Since stratified epithelia lack cilia, a specimen that seems stratified yet possesses cilia is actually a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium. The trachea and bronchi are more frequently lined with ciliated epithelia. The bigger ducts, like the parotid gland ducts, are lined with non-ciliated epithelia.

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Artificial selection is the identification of desirable traits in plants and animals by humans, as well as the steps taken to improve and perpetuate those traits in future generations.

Artificial selection works in the same way as natural selection, except that in natural selection, nature makes the decisions rather than humans. In nature, organisms produce more offspring than they can survive and reproduce. Offspring with traits that make them more likely to survive, mature, and reproduce in their environment pass those traits on to the next generation. Natural selection acts as a sieve, or remover of undesirable traits, as this occurs generation after generation. As a result, organisms gradually adapt to their environment. Natural selection will change if the environment changes.

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False statements is a. organisms placed in the same genus are least closely related.

In general, Genus is termed as a group of related species which has more features related to species of other genera. Hence ,Organisms that are placed in the same genus are very closely related.

So, Two species present within the same genus will share a recent common ancestor in their evolutionary history. These two species will be closely related to each other than two species classified into different families. Therefore, members representing  the same genus, but different species interbreed, could produce infertile offspring. example include mule, which is the product of a cross between a male donkey and a female horse.

Hence, A is correct option

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Answer:

D. all of these

Explanation:

All the statements are likely to be true:

A. The genes of homologous chromosomes may interact with each other to influence traits.

B. Homologous chromosomes are found in diploid cells.

C. Homologous chromosomes typically have the same genes in the same locations.

Estrogen and progestin combinations function by inhibiting ovulation (the release of eggs from the ovaries). They also alter the uterine (womb) lining to prevent conception and alter the mucus at the cervix (uterine entrance) to inhibit sperm (male reproductive cells) from penetrating.

Hormonal birth control treatments that combine estrogen and progestin distribute estrogen and progestin throughout the body. These hormones primarily prevent conception by preventing pregnancy (the release of an egg from one of the ovaries). They also produce changes in the body that aid in the prevention of pregnancy.

The role of estrogen in combination with hormonal birth control is to regulate bleeding. Menstrual bleeding may change if only progestin is used. To make your "withdrawal bleed" look more like a "normal period," synthetic estrogens are added to these types of contraceptives.

COCs, often known as birth control tablets, provide dependable contraception as well as a number of noncontraceptive advantages.

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Loose connective tissue and sensory touch receptors is the layer which makes fingerprints?

Fingerprints are caused by the skin's papillary layer. The papillary layer, which is a layer within the dermal layer of skin, is what causes the fingerprints to appear on the skin.

The papillary layer is composed of loose areolar connective tissue, which causes the collagen and elastin fibers that make up this layer to create a loose mesh. This superficial layer of the dermis protrudes into the basal layer of the epidermis to generate dermal papillae, which resemble fingers. Fibroblasts, a modest number of adipocytes, and an abundance of tiny blood capillaries are present in the papillary layer. The papillary layer contains defense cells called phagocytes as well, which help fight off bacteria and other pathogens that have entered the skin. Additionally, this layer includes Meissner corpuscles, which are touch sensors, lymphatic capillaries, and nerve fibers.

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If a population of four o'clock flowers consists of 5 RR plants (red flowers), 2 Rr plants (pink flowers), and one rr plant (white flowers), the phenotype frequency of plants with pink flowers is _0.25_.

The observable traits of an individual brought about by the expression of genes; the clinical manifestation of a person with a specific genotype.

Genotype is the distinctive DNA pattern of each individual. The two alleles a person acquired for a single gene are more specifically referred to by this phrase. The clinical presentation of a patient's condition is the observable expression of this genotype.

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DNA replication is not possible in the banana plant's cells, which prevents cell division and restricts growth.

Successful seed germination is extremely rare in triploids because they rarely produce eggs or sperm with a balanced set of chromosomes.

Most sterile plants don't produce any fruits, and triploid bananas are sterile. The banana fruit, which is the mammalian equivalent of a placenta without fertilisation or an embryo, is produced without any seeds, however. Bananas are sterile and seedless, like other odd polyploids (with three sets of chromosomes), because one set of chromosomes (A or B) lacks a homologous set to pair with during synapsis of meiosis. Because of this, meiosis is disrupted, and no viable gametes (sex cells) are produced.

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Three modes of DNA replication:

Each daughter strand is made up of one old and one new DNA strand. The original double helix is still intact. The new double helix of DNA is created as a single unit. The ancient DNA has been completely preserved. For this mechanism of replication, the individual covalent phosphodiester linkages must be separated.

The biological process of making 2 identical duplicates of DNA from a single original DNA molecule which is known as DNA replication. DNA replication occurs in all living creatures and is the most important component of biological heredity. This is required for cell division during development and tissue repair, as well as ensuring that each new cell has its own copy of the DNA.

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Media that have a certain level of nutrients are known as chemically defined media. Take glucose salt broth, for instance.

Because the precise makeup of every nutrient in the medium, including peptone source (pancreatic digest of gelatin) and proteose peptone (meat and casein), is unknown, MacConkey agar is a chemically complicated medium. It offers a variety of growth factors, vitamins, and other amino acids, but it is unknown what exactly goes into making them, and the composition can change from batch to batch of media.

Chemically complicated media are crucial since it is impossible to know what all microbes need to survive. The majority of bacteria can grow on this medium without any problems.

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to separate organelles that are close in size, one employs the technique called sucrose gradient centrifugation. this technique separates organelles by density

Cells can be broken down in a variety of ways, including osmotic shock or ultrasonic vibration, being forced through a small orifice, or being ground up in a blender. Many of the cell's membranes (including the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membranes) are broken into fragments that immediately reseal to form small closed vesicles. However, when done correctly, the disruption procedures leave organelles like nuclei, mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes largely intact. The cell suspension is thus reduced to a thick slurry (called a homogenate or extract) containing a variety of membrane-enclosed organelles, each with a distinct size, charge, and density.

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Protists are famous for being a diverse and interesting group. One cool fact is that they can be either bacteria or monerans.

A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor, the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade.

Three types of animal-like protists are paramecium, euglena, and amoebas. Euglena is special in that they are both animal-like and plant-like.

Protist is any member of a group of diverse eukaryotic, predominantly unicellular microscopic organisms. They may share certain morphological and physiological characteristics with animals or plants or both.

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Answer:

NADH and ATP will undergo lactic acid fermentation and create 2 pyruvic acid molecules into ADP and NAP+

Explanation:

I just used da formula --> Glucose + ADP + NADH → Lactic acids + ATP + NAD+

Each branch point in an evolutionary tree symbolises a time in the past when an ancestor lineage gave rise to a different lineage. A cladogram is a visual representation of the creatures and different species that have ancestors with similar lineages.

A branch point designates the location where one species is different from another. The precise moment at which two evolutionary lineages diverged from a single ancestor is called a branch point. Frequency-dependent selection can cause evolutionary branching by dividing a population with a monomorphic phenotype into two different phenotypic clusters. The population must be driven by directional selection toward a fitness minimum in phenotype space in order for evolutionary branching to occur. A divergence event is represented by each branch point, also known as an internal node.

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, along with your liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, make up your digestive system.

The GI tract is made up of a number of interconnected hollow organs that extend from your mouth to your anus.

Your mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus are the organs that make up your GI tract, in the order that they are joined.

Your digestive system is specially designed to carry out its function of converting food into the nutrients and energy you require to exist. After that, it conveniently compresses your solid waste, or stool, for disposal the next time you have a bowel movement.

Therefore, The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, along with your liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, make up your digestive system.

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Answer:

(A): using muscle contraction and enzymes to break down food

Explanation:

at least on my end

While the atria are in diastole (relaxing), the ventricles are in systole (contracting). The tricuspid and bicuspid valves (also known as the atrioventricular valves) are closed during ventricular systole, and the semilunar valves (the aortic and pulmonary valves) are open, allowing blood to be pumped out of the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

While the atria are relaxing and filling with blood, the ventricles are contracting and expelling blood. This is known as the cardiac cycle, which is divided into two phases: systole and diastole.

During diastole, the atria are in a relaxed state while the ventricles are in a relaxed state. In this phase, the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, also known as the atrioventricular valves, are open, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles.

The semilunar valves, the pulmonary and aortic valves, are closed, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricles from the pulmonary artery and aorta.

As the ventricles contract during systole, the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close, preventing blood from flowing back into the atria. This increase in pressure in the ventricles causes the semilunar valves to open, and blood is forced out of the heart and into the circulatory system. The atria then begin to fill with blood again, and the cycle repeats.

The cardiac cycle is controlled by electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node, which coordinate the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

The heart's ability to pump blood efficiently is dependent on the proper timing and coordination of the cardiac cycle. Overall, this cycle is vital for the oxygenation and nutrition of the body by pumping the blood and supplying it to all the body parts.

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The resistance to malaria carried by individuals in areas where malaria is widespread is the result of: individual's own composition of genes.

Malaria is a disease caused by the bite of the species of Plasmodium. It is a febrile disease. The general symptoms are: fever, chills, and flu-like conditions. Upon biting, the mosquito injects the malarial parasites inside the body that cause the disease.

Genes are the basic factors that contain the information for the traits of an individual. Genes are the small segments of the large DNA. Each gene is responsible for encoding the information for a specific protein.

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The first and second layers of skin are where hair is born. The epidermis is the outermost layer, whereas the dermis is the second layer.

A hair's root and strand are encased in a tube-like structure called a hair follicle. Our skin's top two layers contain hair follicles. Our skin's first and second layers, as well as occasionally your third layer (hypodermis), are home to the follicles that hold our terminal hair, which includes the hair on our scalp, eyelashes, and brows.

Even though it is the thinnest layer of skin, the epidermis, which has five layers of its own, guards you from the elements. The top two layers of skin on your body are the dermis and epidermis. The top layer is called the epidermis, while the middle layer is called the dermis. The epidermis and hypodermis are separated by the dermis.

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Answer: Solar Energy

Explanation:

Other forms of energy like coal, natural gas and gasoline cannot be renewed by physical or mechanical methods. Also, it takes millions of years to form such non-renewable resources.

Answer: Diploid

Explanation:

Diploid is the cell which contains the two full set of chromosomes (2n).

There are no chloroplasts contained within the cells of the onion, even though they are plant cells because energy is stored in the onion fruiting body (bulb) rather than through photosynthesis.

A specialized organelle that is not found in animals is present in plants. Chlorophyll, a pigmented chemical, is found in these chloroplasts. This makes photosynthesis in plants easier and gives plants their typical green color.

Because the onion grows underground, the bulb does not contain chloroplasts. These organelles are not required if chloroplasts are not going to be exposed to sunlight because they are used to make sugar in the presence of sunlight. Instead, the onion begins its growth with energy reserves before producing a stem. The only chloroplasts in the plant are found in this greenery.

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In the culture medium of animal cells, it required nutrients, growth factors, and amino acids that are generally not synthesized by cells, hence A, B, and C are the correct options.

If there is a need to grow animal cells in the culture medium, it requires all the necessary substances, which grow the cells in the tissue.

Glucose and amino acid are major requirements to make cells in living conditions, metabolism provides energy to the cells. Growth factors are also required to increase cell size.

Therefore, A, B, and C are the correct options.

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The given question is incomplete, so most probably complete  question is,

What is needed in the culture medium of animal cells? select all that are minimally necessary for all animal cell cultures

A. nutrients such as glucose

B. growth factors

C. any amino acids or vitamins that the cells cannot make themselves

D. bovine serum albumen

E. carbon dioxide