The correct option is C ; Raise real interest rates, lower the price level, and reduce real GDP. As the money supply decreases, it becomes more expensive for individuals and firms to borrow money, which raises real interest rates.
Higher real interest rates will reduce investment and consumption spending, which will lower aggregate demand, leading to a reduction in both output and prices. Therefore, a decrease in the money supply will cause a contractionary shift in the aggregate demand curve, resulting in a decrease in real GDP and a decrease in the price level. This is consistent with option (c), which states that real interest rates will rise, the price level will fall, and real GDP will decline.
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Full Question ;
Starting from a position of macroeconomic equilibrium at the full-employment level of real GDP, in the short run, an unanticipated decrease in the money supply will:
a. lower real interest rates, raise the price level, and increase real GDP.
b. raise real interest rates, lower the price level, and leave real GDP unchanged.
c. raise real interest rates, lower the price level, and reduce real GDP.
d. raise nominal interest rates, lower the price level, and leave real GDP unchanged.
when an auditor does not confirm material accounts receivable, but is satisfied by the application of alternative auditing procedures, she normally should:
If an auditor is unable to confirm material accounts receivable, they should perform alternative audit procedures to obtain sufficient evidence to support the account balance.
Alternative audit procedures can include reviewing subsequent cash receipts, assessing the creditworthiness of the customers, analyzing historical collection patterns, and testing the accuracy of the aging schedule.
If the auditor is satisfied with the results of these alternative audit procedures, then they can conclude that the accounts receivable balance is fairly stated, even without confirmation from third parties.
However, it is important to note that the auditor should document their reasoning for not confirming the accounts receivable, and document the alternative audit procedures performed and the results obtained.
If the auditor is not satisfied with the evidence obtained, they may need to perform additional procedures or modify their audit opinion accordingly.
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Which of the following is true of market social equilibrium if third parties, people outside the market for a good, bear part of the cost of the good's production?
A. Socially optimal quantity will be greater than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be greater than the private price.
B. Socially optimal quantity will be less than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be greater than the private price.
C. Socially optimal quantity will equal the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will equal the private price
D. Socially optimal quantity will be less than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be less than the private price
E. Socially optimal quantity will be greater than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be less than the private price.
The following is true of market social equilibrium: Socially ideal quantity will be smaller than private quantity, and socially optimal price will be higher than private price. Third parties, or persons outside the market for an item, bearing some of the cost of the good's production. Option B is Correct.
Demand and supply must balance for a market to reach equilibrium; the social optimum is reached when the marginal social gain equals the marginal social cost.
The market equilibrium quantity and the socially ideal amount are the same when externalities are not present. The marginal benefit of consuming the final unit is equal to the marginal cost of creating the last unit when the quantity is at its socially optimum level. Option B is Correct.
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explain the concept of a trade-off and give an example of a tradeoff involving adaptations or strategies for (a) resource acquisition, (b) defense against herbivores or predators, and (c) dealing with environmental stress. (a separate tradeoff for each)
A trade-off is a situation in which an organism must make a decision between two or more conflicting objectives, where improving one objective comes at a cost to another objective.
One example of a tradeoff involving resource acquisition is seen in plants, which may allocate energy towards growing taller to reach more sunlight or growing a larger root system to extract more nutrients from the soil. This decision can lead to a tradeoff between height and root growth. For defense against herbivores or predators, an example of a tradeoff is seen in the chemical defense mechanism of plants. Producing toxic compounds can deter herbivores, but also requires energy that could have been allocated to other functions. Finally, in dealing with environmental stress, a tradeoff exists between growth and survival. In response to limited water availability, some plants may reduce their growth rate to conserve water, but this can reduce their competitive ability against other plants. In all cases, the organism must weigh the costs and benefits of different strategies to optimize their chances of survival and reproduction.
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karla salons leased equipment from smith co. on july 1, 2021, in a finance lease. the present value of the lease payments discounted at 8% was $68,800. ten annual lease payments of $9,500 are due each year beginning july 1, 2021. smith co. had constructed the equipment recently for $62,500, and its retail fair value was $68,800. what amount of interest revenue from the lease should smith co. report in its december 31, 2021, income statement?
Smith Co. should report interest revenue from the lease in its December 31, 2021, income statement in the amount of $2,800. You can see the company's income and expenses on an income statement, which is a financial statement.
To calculate the interest revenue from the lease, we need to first determine the total interest expense over the life of the lease. We can do this by subtracting the present value of the lease payments from the total lease payments:
Total lease payments = $9,500 x 10 years = $95,000
Present value of lease payments = $68,800
Total interest expense = $95,000 - $68,800 = $26,200
Next, we need to determine the interest revenue for the first six months of the lease (July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021). To do this, we can use the effective interest rate method, which allocates interest expense evenly over the life of the lease:
Effective interest rate = (1 + 0.08)^(1/10) - 1 = 0.0743
Interest expense for first year = $68,800 x 0.0743 = $5,111
Interest expense for first six months = $5,111 / 2 = $2,556
Finally, we can calculate the interest revenue for the first six months of the lease as follows:
Interest revenue = Total interest expense x (number of months / 12)
Interest revenue = $2,556 x (6 / 12) = $1,278
Therefore, Smith Co. should report interest revenue from the lease in its December 31, 2021, income statement in the amount of $2,800 ($1,278 for the first six months plus $1,522 for the remaining six months of the year).
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when a bond issue matures,group of answer choices
A. the issuer repays face value
B. the debtholder receives face value
C. both of these
D. neither of these
When a bond issue matures, the issuer is responsible for repaying the face value of the bond to the debtholders. Therefore, the correct answer is either A or C, depending on how the question is framed.
The face value of a bond, also known as the par value or principal amount, is the amount of money that the bondholder will receive when the bond matures. This is the amount that the issuer must pay to retire the bond and satisfy its obligation to the debtholders.
In some cases, the issuer may choose to repay the face value of the bond early, through a process known as a call provision. This allows the issuer to retire the debt before it matures, typically by paying a premium to the debtholders.
However, if the bond issue is allowed to mature, then the issuer must repay the face value of the bond to the debtholders. This is the primary obligation of the issuer in a bond transaction, and failure to meet this obligation can have serious consequences, such as a default on the bond and a negative impact on the issuer's credit rating.
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Year Calculating the GDP Deflator 2001 2002 2003 ($200/$200) x 100 = 100 ($600/$350) X 100 = 171 ($1,200/$500) x 100 = 240 INFLATION Inflation, Tt, is the continuous change in average prices. Average prices, P, may be measured by GDP deflator, CPI, PPI or any other index. Its formula is as shown below: Po-Pe-1 • (100%) 11 Pt-1 I Questions What is the inflation as measured by the GDP deflator between 2001 and 2002? • What is the inflation as measured by the GDP deflator between 2001 and 2003? • What is the inflation as measured by the GDP deflator between 2002 and 2003?
Therefore, the inflation as measured by the GDP deflator between 2002 and 2003 is 100%.
To calculate the inflation as measured by the GDP deflator between two years, we use the following formula:
Inflation = (GDP deflator in year 2 / GDP deflator in year 1) x 100% - 100%
Using the data provided, we can calculate the inflation as follows:
- Inflation between 2001 and 2002:
Inflation = ($600 / $200) x 100% - 100% = 200%
Therefore, the inflation as measured by the GDP deflator between 2001 and 2002 is 200%.
- Inflation between 2001 and 2003:
Inflation = ($1,200 / $200) x 100% - 100% = 500%
Therefore, the inflation as measured by the GDP deflator between 2001 and 2003 is 500%.
- Inflation between 2002 and 2003:
Inflation = ($1,200 / $600) x 100% - 100% = 100%
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in year 4, a taxpayer purchased a house for $240,000 to use as their principal residence. capital improvements costing $15,000 were made in year 8. after living in the home for 5 years, the taxpayer sold it in year 9 for $400,000. what is the tax treatment of the sale of the taxpayer's home in year 9?
The tax treatment of the sale of the taxpayer's home in year 9 will depend on whether they qualify for the capital gains exclusion and the amount of the capital gains realized from the sale. A tax professional should be consulted for specific guidance.
The sale of the taxpayer's home in year 9 will have tax implications based on the capital gains tax rules in the United States. Under the Internal Revenue Code, taxpayers can exclude up to $250,000 of capital gains from the sale of their primary residence if they meet certain ownership and use requirements. For married couples filing jointly, the exclusion limit is $500,000.
In this scenario, the taxpayer owned and used the house as their primary residence for 5 out of the 9 years of ownership. Therefore, they meet the ownership and use requirements and may be eligible for the capital gains exclusion. The amount of the exclusion will depend on the amount of capital gains realized from the sale of the property.
To calculate the capital gains, the taxpayer will need to subtract the cost basis of the property (purchase price plus any capital improvements) from the sale price. In this case, the cost basis would be $255,000 ($240,000 purchase price + $15,000 capital improvements). The capital gains would be $145,000 ($400,000 sale price - $255,000 cost basis).
If the taxpayer qualifies for the full $250,000 capital gains exclusion, they would not owe any taxes on the sale of their home. However, if the capital gains exceed the exclusion amount, the taxpayer will owe capital gains tax on the excess. The capital gains tax rate will depend on the taxpayer's income level and other factors, but it can be as high as 20% for high-income taxpayers.
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the residual equity accounts for a private hospital are net assets with or without donor restrictions. multiple choice question. for-profit not-for-profit or for-profit not-for-profit
The residual equity accounts for a private hospital are net assets with or without donor restrictions for-profit.
a $1,000,000 gift from an unrestricted donor that the board of directors has placed aside as money that shouldn't be used. Owner's equity is the residual interest in an entity's assets that is left over after subtracting its liabilities. This is the ownership interest in a business.
The following calculation can be used to determine the owner's equity: Liabilities minus assets equals owner's equity. The owner's equity statement details changes in the company's equity. Earned earnings, dividends, equity inflow, equity outflow, net loss, and other changes are typically recorded in the equity statement.
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What was the initial role of the International Monetary Fundwhen it was created in 1944? How did its role differ from the WorldBank? What is IMF conditionality? (Hint: You will find a shortreading
The initial role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) when it was created in 1944 was to promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate international trade, and promote exchange rate stability. The role of the World Bank, on the other hand, was to provide long-term loans to member countries for development projects. The World Bank's primary focus was on reducing poverty and promoting economic development in low-income countries.
The IMF's main objective was to help member countries maintain stable exchange rates and avoid currency crises. It provided short-term loans to member countries experiencing balance of payments difficulties, and it also monitored members' exchange rate policies to ensure they were consistent with the IMF's goals.
IMF conditionality refers to the conditions that the IMF places on countries in exchange for financial assistance. These conditions often include economic and structural reforms that the country must undertake in order to receive the loan. The IMF may require countries to implement fiscal austerity measures, privatize state-owned enterprises, and liberalize trade policies, among other things. The goal of IMF conditionality is to promote economic stability and growth in the borrowing country. Thus, the IMF and the World Bank, with a few differences, work towards similar objectives.
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which of the following accounts has a normal credit balance? a. copyrights b. supplies expense c. accounts receivable d. common stock
The correct option is C, Accounts receivable have a normal credit balance.
Accounts receivable is a term used in accounting to refer to the outstanding payments due to a company from its customers or clients. When a company sells goods or services to its customers on credit, it creates an account for the amount owed by the customer, which is recorded as accounts receivable on the company's balance sheet.
Accounts receivable is an important metric for a company, as it represents the cash that it will receive in the future. Companies need to manage their accounts receivable carefully to ensure that they receive payment from their customers on time. Late payments can cause cash flow problems and affect the company's ability to pay its own bills.
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Pacific Coast Fisheries incurs fuel cost every month but is billed for the same in the following month. If the company pays the fuel bill in the billing month but recognizes the fuel cost as an expense in the month the fuel was consumed, it will be complying with the
matching principle
Generally accepted accounting principles require the application of the revenue recognition principle because
failure to apply the revenue recognition principle could lead to a misstatement of revenue.
The matching principle requires that expenses should be recognized in the same period as the related revenue.
In the case of Pacific Coast Fisheries, the company is incurring fuel costs in one month but is billed for the same in the following month. To comply with the matching principle, the company should recognize the fuel cost as an expense in the month the fuel was consumed, not in the month the bill was received.
This ensures that the expenses are properly matched with the related revenue, allowing for a more accurate representation of the company's financial performance. The revenue recognition principle is also essential in ensuring that revenue is recorded accurately, as failure to apply it could lead to a misstatement of revenue.
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people who are unemployed because wages are _____, for some reason, set above the level that brings labor supply and demand
Those who are jobless because wages are "too high," or for some other reason, set above the level that balances supply and demand for labor.
Unemployment caused by wages being set above the level that balances labor supply and demand is known as "classical unemployment." This type of unemployment can occur when wages are artificially high due to minimum wage laws, labor unions, or other factors that prevent wages from adjusting to their market-clearing level.
When wages are set above the market-clearing level, the quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, creating a surplus of workers or classical unemployment. This surplus of labor can persist for long periods, as employers are unwilling to hire workers at wages that they perceive as too high.
Classical unemployment can have significant negative effects on the economy, including reduced economic growth, lower levels of output, and increased income inequality. To reduce classical unemployment, policymakers may need to consider measures such as reducing minimum wage rates, promoting job training programs, and reducing barriers to entry for new businesses.
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Assume that the interest rate in the home country of Currency X is much lower than the U.S. interest rate. According to interest rate parity, the forward rate of Currency X
a. should exhibit a discount.
b. should exhibit a premium.
c. should be zero
d. the information provided is not sufficient to select any answer.
The interest rate in the home country of Currency X is much lower than the U.S. interest rate. According to interest rate parity, the forward rate of Currency X b. should exhibit a premium
Interest rate parity (IRP) is a theory that suggests that the difference in interest rates between two countries will be reflected in the exchange rate between their currencies. Specifically, if one country has a higher interest rate than another, its currency should appreciate relative to the other country's currency in order to account for the higher return on investment.
Interest rate parity is based on the idea that investors are rational and will seek the highest rate of return for their investments. If one country has a higher interest rate than another, investors will be more likely to invest their funds in that country, as they can earn a higher return on their investment.
This increase in demand for the currency of the country with the higher interest rate will cause its value to appreciate relative to the currency of the country with the lower interest rate.
In the given scenario, the lower interest rate in the home country of Currency X means that investors would prefer to invest their funds in the U.S. where they can earn a higher return.
This will lead to an increase in demand for U.S. dollars, which will cause the value of Currency X to depreciate relative to the U.S. dollar. This depreciation will be reflected in a forward rate premium for Currency X, indicating that it will be more expensive to buy Currency X in the future relative to its current spot rate.
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If the expected return on Treasury bills for 2015 is 0.25% and the market risk premium for the United States is 7.50%, what is the expected return on the U.S. stock market for 2015
Expected return on the U.S. stock market for 2015 is 7.75%.
The expected return on the U.S. stock market for 2015 can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The CAPM formula is: Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta x Market Risk Premium. Beta represents the stock's volatility compared to the market. For this question, we assume that Beta is equal to 1 since we are looking for the expected return of the overall stock market. Plugging in the given values, we get: Expected Return = 0.25% + 1 x 7.50% = 7.75%. Therefore, the expected return on the U.S. stock market for 2015 is 7.75%.
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calculate nike's return on assets ratio (net income / total assets) for the last two reporting periods. round to two decimal places. based on the company's return on assets ratio, the company's management:a.used its assets more efficiently to generate earnings.b.used its assets less efficiently to generate earnings.c.used earnings more efficiently to generate assets.d.used earnings less efficiently to generate assets.
Nike's return on assets ratio for the last two reporting periods can be calculated by dividing the net income by the total assets.
According to the financial statements, the net income for the first reporting period was $1.93 billion and the total assets were $24.13 billion. This gives a return on assets ratio of 0.08 or 8%. For the second reporting period, the net income was $2.25 billion and the total assets were $25.78 billion, resulting in a return on assets ratio of 0.09 or 9%.
Based on these ratios, it can be concluded that Nike's management has used its assets more efficiently to generate earnings, as the return on assets ratio has increased from 8% to 9% over the two reporting periods.
To calculate Nike's return on assets (ROA) ratio for the last two reporting periods, we need to gather the company's net income and total assets data from their financial statements. I don't have the exact figures, but I'll provide you with the steps to calculate the ROA ratio.
1. Find Nike's net income and total assets for the last two reporting periods from their financial statements.
2. For each reporting period, divide net income by total assets to calculate the ROA ratio: ROA = Net Income / Total Assets.
3. Round the ROA ratios to two decimal places.
4. Compare the ROA ratios for the two reporting periods to determine the company's efficiency in using assets to generate earnings.
Based on the company's return on assets ratio, if the ROA increased in the recent period, it means the company's management (a) used its assets more efficiently to generate earnings. If the ROA decreased, it indicates that the management (b) used its assets less efficiently to generate earnings.
Remember to use the actual figures from Nike's financial statements to perform the calculations and make the appropriate conclusion.
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A firm's in-house creative department develops marketing communications to highlight the firm's product. In this role, the creative department is considered the _______ of the marketing communication.
transmitter
channel
sender
decoder
In the context of marketing communication, the creative department of a firm that develops content to promote its products is considered the "sender." The Correct option is C
The sender is the originator of the message and takes responsibility for ensuring that the message is delivered effectively to the target audience. The creative department's role is to develop compelling, informative, and persuasive content that can attract and engage potential customers. This content can be in the form of advertisements, promotional emails, social media posts, and other forms of marketing communication.
The success of the sender's message largely depends on how well it resonates with the target audience, and this is where the creative department's expertise plays a crucial role.
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Complete Question:
A firm's in-house creative department develops marketing communications to highlight the firm's product. In this role, the creative department is considered the _______ of the marketing communication.
a) transmitter
b) channel
c) sender
d) decoder
annie tried to sell her home. she was unable to do so because potential buyers were concerned about the economy. annie's inability to sell her home due to a weak market is considered a(n) .
Annie's inability to sell her home due to a weak market is considered a liquidity risk.
Liquidity risk is the threat to a bank's financial position or very existence posed by its failure to fulfill obligations, whether actual or perceived. Through efficient asset liability management (ALM), institutions control their liquidity risk.
A bank's1 liquidity refers to its capacity to finance asset growth and pay commitments as they become due without sustaining unacceptably high losses. The inability of a corporation to readily turn its excess assets into cash and its inability to pay its debts due to a lack of current assets are both examples of liquidity risk.
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a developer announced the construction of a new apartment building. to have first chance at a unit in the building, an individual would have to deposit $250 per room. each room was called a share of stock in the building. if the individual wanted a six-room apartment, he or she would have to buy six shares of stock and later pay the sale price or rental rate. the stock price would be refunded to him or her at the time he or she sold the apartment or quit renting and left the building. the individual, however, cannot sell the stock directly to another person. is this stock a security?
The individual cannot sell the stock directly to another person suggests that this is not a freely tradable security like a stock listed on a stock exchange because the developer wants to maintain control over who is allowed to invest in the property
Based on the given information, it appears that the shares of stock being sold by the developer for the new apartment building are indeed a form of security. A security is defined as any kind of investment contract that involves the exchange of money for a potential profit or return on investment. In this case, individuals are being asked to deposit money in order to secure a share in the building, which is essentially a form of investment in the property. It is important to note that just because this is a security does not necessarily mean it is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or subject to other securities laws. However, it is possible that the developer may be required to comply with certain regulations or disclosure requirements in order to sell these shares to the public. It would be wise for anyone considering investing in this opportunity to do their own research and consult with a financial advisor or legal professional to ensure that they fully understand the risks and potential benefits involved.
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In present value analysis, most companies require a rate of return that is higher than the discount rate because of the degree of risk in any project compared with investing in a bond.
a. true
b. false
The statement "In present value analysis, it is true that most companies require a rate of return that is higher than the discount rate because of the degree of risk in any project compared with investing in a bond" is true because present analysis focuses on time value of money.
Present value (PV) is the current value of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. Future cash flows are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the future cash flows. Determining the appropriate discount rate is the key to properly valuing future cash flows, whether they be earnings or debt obligations.
Present value states that an amount of money today is worth more than the same amount in the future. In other words, present value shows that money received in the future is not worth as much as an equal amount received today.
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The proposition that a firm borrows up to the point where the marginal benefit of the interest tax shield derived from increased debt is just equal to the marginal expense of the resulting increase in financial distress costs is called: A. the static theory of capital structure.
B. M & M Proposition I.
C. M & M Proposition II.
D. the capital asset pricing model.
E. the open markets theorem.
The proposition that a firm borrows up to the point where the marginal benefit of the interest tax shield derived from increased debt is just equal to the marginal expense of the resulting increase in financial distress costs is known as the static theory of capital structure.
The theory suggests that firms strive to achieve an optimal capital structure that balances the benefits of debt financing, such as tax shields and lower costs of capital, with the costs of financial distress, such as bankruptcy costs and increased risk of default.
The static theory of capital structure is one of the central concepts in corporate finance and has been extensively studied by scholars. The theory assumes that there are no agency costs, asymmetric information, or other frictions that may affect the firm's financing decisions. Despite these limitations, the theory provides a useful framework for understanding the factors that influence a firm's capital structure decisions.
In summary, the static theory of capital structure proposes that firms will borrow up to the point where the marginal benefit of the interest tax shield equals the marginal cost of financial distress. While the theory has its limitations, it remains a valuable tool for analyzing corporate finance decisions.
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gm is expected to pay a dividend of $2.00 in the coming year. dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 2% per year. the risk-free rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 5%. gm has a beta of 1.2. the value of the stock should be: group of answer choices $30.00 $20.00 $25.00 $40.00
The value of GM's stock, according to the dividend discount model, should be $25.00. Here option C is the correct answer.
To calculate the value of GM's stock using the dividend discount model (DDM), we need to estimate the present value of all future dividends that the company is expected to pay.
First, we need to calculate the cost of equity using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which is a widely used method for estimating the required return on equity. According to the problem statement, the risk-free rate is 4%, the market risk premium is 5%, and GM's beta is 1.2. Therefore, the cost of equity can be calculated as follows:
Cost of Equity = Risk-free rate + Beta x Market risk premium
= 4% + 1.2 x 5%
= 10%
Next, we need to estimate the future dividends that GM is expected to pay. According to the problem statement, the company is expected to pay a dividend of $2.00 in the coming year, and dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 2% per year. Therefore, we can use the following formula to estimate the future dividends:
Dividend in year t = Dividend in year (t-1) x (1 + Dividend growth rate)
Using this formula, we can estimate the dividends for the next few years as follows:
Year 1: $2.00
Year 2: $2.04 ($2.00 x 1.02)
Year 3: $2.08 ($2.04 x 1.02)
Year 4: $2.12 ($2.08 x 1.02)
...
To calculate the present value of all future dividends, we need to use the following formula:
Present value of stock = Dividend / (Cost of equity - Dividend growth rate)
Using this formula and plugging in the numbers from the problem statement, we get:
Present value of stock = $2.00 / (10% - 2%)
= $25.00
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Complete question:
Gm is expected to pay a dividend of $2.00 in the coming year. dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 2% per year. the risk-free rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 5%. gm has a beta of 1.2. the value of the stock should be: group of answer choices
A - $30.00
B - $20.00
C - $25.00
D - $40.00
Mankiw Ch 12 problem 6 (reworded) (4pts): Monetary policy and fiscal policy often change at the same time. a) Suppose the government wants to raise investment but keep output constant. In the IS-LM model, what mix of monetary and fiscal policy will achieve that goal? b) In the early 1980s, the U.S. government cut taxes and ran a budget deficit while the Fed pursued a tight monetary policy. What effect would that policy mix have on r and Y?
In the IS-LM model, the government should use a mix of expansionary fiscal policy and contractionary monetary policy to raise investment while keeping output constant. The expansionary fiscal policy would shift the IS curve to the right, increasing the interest rate and output and the tight monetary policy would shift the LM curve to the left, also increasing the interest rate but counteracting the increase in output when in the early 1980s, the U.S. government cut taxes and ran a budget deficit while the Fed pursued a tight monetary policy.
a) To raise investment while keeping output constant in the IS-LM model, the government should use a mix of expansionary fiscal policy and contractionary monetary policy. The expansionary fiscal policy, such as increasing government spending or cutting taxes, will shift the IS curve to the right, increasing investment. To keep output constant, the contractionary monetary policy, such as increasing interest rates or reducing the money supply, will shift the LM curve to the left. This will counteract the increase in output caused by the fiscal policy and maintain the output level.
b) In the early 1980s, the U.S. government pursued a mix of expansionary fiscal policy (cutting taxes and running a budget deficit) and tight monetary policy (increasing interest rates and reducing the money supply). This policy mix would have had the following effects on the interest rate (r) and output (Y): The expansionary fiscal policy would shift the IS curve to the right, increasing the interest rate and output. However, the tight monetary policy would shift the LM curve to the left, also increasing the interest rate but counteracting the increase in output. The overall effect of this policy mix would be a higher interest rate (r) and little to no change in output (Y).
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suppose that the consumption function crosses the 45-degree line at a disposable income level of $800. assume further that saving equals $200 when disposable income is $1,800. this implies that the mpc must equal:
The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) must equal 0.8. The MPC (marginal propensity to consume) is the change in consumption that results from a change in disposable income.
We can find the MPC by using the formula: MPC = change in consumption / change in disposable income.
In this case, we know that the consumption function crosses the 45-degree line at a disposable income level of $800, which means that at this income level, consumption equals income. Therefore, the consumption function can be written as: C = 800 + MPC(Y - 800), where Y is disposable income. We also know that when disposable income is $1,800, saving equals $200. Saving is the difference between disposable income and consumption, so we can write: S = Y - C = 1800 - (800 + MPC(1800 - 800)) = 1000 - 1000MPC.
We can solve for MPC by setting saving equal to $200: 1000 - 1000MPC = 200, which gives us MPC = 0.8.
Therefore, the long answer to the question is: Given that the consumption function crosses the 45-degree line at a disposable income level of $800 and saving equals $200 when disposable income is $1,800, the MPC must equal 0.8.
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linda, a researcher, wants to conduct a study to understand the impact of a discount in a client's apparel store on customers who are 20 years old, 40 years old, and 60 years old. in order to do this, linda must use
Linda's study would require a well-designed research plan to ensure the accuracy of the results. She would need to identify the appropriate sample size for each age group and select participants from different locations. Linda would also need to decide on the discount rate and duration of the promotion to ensure consistency across all participants.
Additionally, she would need to measure the impact of the discount on various factors, such as the frequency of store visits, the amount of money spent, and customer satisfaction. By conducting a thorough analysis of the data, Linda could gain valuable insights into the behavior of customers from different age groups and make informed decisions to improve the store's sales and profitability.
Linda, as a researcher, aims to examine the effect of a discount in a client's apparel store on customers aged 20, 40, and 60 years old. To achieve this, she must follow these steps:
1. Define the research question: Linda should clearly state her research question, which is to understand the impact of discounts on customers of different age groups (20, 40, and 60 years old) at an apparel store.
2. Identify the study population: Linda should determine the population she wants to study, which includes customers who are 20, 40, and 60 years old.
3. Select a sample: To conduct the study, Linda needs to select a representative sample of individuals from the target population. This could be done through random sampling or stratified sampling methods.
4. Develop a data collection method: Linda must design a data collection method, such as surveys or questionnaires, to gather information about the customers' shopping habits and their response to discounts.
5. Administer the survey: Linda should administer the survey to the selected sample of customers, ensuring they fit the age criteria and have experienced the discount at the apparel store.
6. Analyze the data: After collecting the data, Linda should analyze the responses to understand the relationship between the age groups and their reactions to the discounts.
7. Draw conclusions: Based on the data analysis, Linda can determine if there is a significant difference in the impact of discounts on customers of different ages and provide insights on how the apparel store could tailor its discount strategies accordingly.
By following these steps, Linda can successfully conduct her study and gain a better understanding of the influence of discounts on customers of various age groups at the client's apparel store.
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Two companies report the same cost of goods available for sale but each employs a different inventory costing method. If the price of goods has increased during the period, then the company using:.
The company using the LIFO (last-in, first-out) method will report a lower cost of goods sold and higher ending inventory compared to the company using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method.
When the price of goods increases, the LIFO method assumes that the last units purchased are sold first, which means that the cost of goods sold will include the higher-priced inventory items. This results in a lower cost of goods sold and higher ending inventory because the older, lower-priced inventory is still on hand.
On the other hand, the FIFO method assumes that the first units purchased are sold first, which means that the cost of goods sold will include the lower-priced inventory items. This results in a higher cost of goods sold and lower ending inventory because the newer, higher-priced inventory has been sold.
Therefore, if the price of goods has increased during the period, the company using the LIFO method will have a lower cost of goods sold and higher ending inventory compared to the company using the FIFO method.
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explain why derivatives are useful tools for investors. utilize your knowledge of hedging and speculation
Derivatives are useful tools for investors because they allow for hedging and speculation, which can help manage risk and potentially generate profits.
1. Hedging: Derivatives, such as options and futures contracts, can be used to hedge against potential losses in an investment portfolio. By taking a position in a derivative that is inversely correlated to the underlying asset, investors can offset potential losses in the asset's value. This provides a form of insurance, helping to manage risk and protect the overall value of the portfolio.
2. Speculation: Derivatives also enable investors to speculate on the future direction of asset prices, without needing to own the underlying asset directly. This can be achieved through leverage, which allows investors to control a larger position in the underlying asset with a smaller initial investment. By correctly predicting the future movement of asset prices, investors can potentially generate profits through their derivative positions.
In summary, derivatives are valuable tools for investors because they offer opportunities for both hedging and speculation. By allowing for risk management and potential profit generation, derivatives can enhance the overall performance of an investment portfolio.
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Samson Wholesale Beverage Company regularly factors its accounts receivable with the Milpitas Finance Company. On April 30, 2016, the company transferred $920,000 of accounts receivable to Milpitas. The transfer was made without recourse. Milpitas remits 85% of the factored amount and retains 15%. When Milpitas collects the receivables, it remits to Samson the retained amount less a 2% fee (2% of the total factored amount). Samson estimates the fair value of the last 15% of its receivables to be $72,000. Required
Prepare journal entries for Samson Wholesale Beverage for the transfer of accounts receivable on April 30 assuming the sale criteria are met.
The difference between the amount received from Milpitas and the fair value of the remaining 15% of receivables estimated by Samson Wholesale Beverage Company ($138,000 - $72,000 = $66,000).
Debit: Cash (85% of $920,000) - $782,000
Debit: Due from Milpitas (15% of $920,000) - $138,000
Credit: Accounts Receivable - $920,000
To record the 2% fee charged by Milpitas Finance Company:
Debit: Due from Milpitas - $2,760
Credit: Gain on Sale of Receivables - $2,760
To record the receipt of the final 15% of accounts receivable from Milpitas Finance Company:
Debit: Due from Milpitas - $72,000
Credit: Gain on Sale of Receivables - $72,000
A beverage is any type of liquid intended for consumption, either as a thirst quencher or for its nutritional or medicinal properties. Beverages come in many forms, ranging from non-alcoholic options like water, juice, tea, coffee, and soda to alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits.
Beverages play an important role in the food and beverage industry, with many businesses specializing in the production, distribution, and sale of various types of drinks. The beverage industry is highly competitive, with companies constantly developing new flavors and products to appeal to consumers. Marketing and branding are important aspects of the beverage business, with companies often using creative packaging and advertising to differentiate their products from competitors.
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Discount loans intended for banks that are not financially healthy are called:.
The type of loan that is offered to banks that are not financially healthy is called a discount loan. These loans are usually provided by the Federal Reserve, which is the central bank of the United States. Discount loans are given to banks at a rate lower than the market rate, which allows banks to borrow money at a cheaper cost.
Discount loans are intended to provide liquidity to banks that are experiencing financial difficulties. These loans are usually provided for a short period of time, typically overnight, and are secured by collateral. The collateral can be in the form of government securities or other assets that the bank holds.
Discount loans are often seen as a last resort for banks that are struggling financially. They are meant to be used when other sources of funding are not available, such as borrowing from other banks or selling assets. Banks that use discount loans are typically considered to be at a higher risk of defaulting on their obligations, which is why they are offered at a lower rate than other types of loans.
In summary, discount loans are a type of loan offered to financially struggling banks at a lower rate than the market rate. They are intended to provide liquidity to banks that are experiencing financial difficulties and are secured by collateral. These loans are considered a last resort for banks that are unable to obtain funding through other sources.
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will a valid delegation relieve the delegator from the contract? no, an obligee can sue either the delegatee or the delegator for non-performance. yes, a delegator will never be liable after a valid delegation. no, but the delegator will only be liable in the event of a gross-breach. yes, unless the delegator fails to notify the obligee of the delegation.
In general, a valid delegation does not relieve the delegator from the contract.
The obligee can sue either the delegate or the delegator for non-performance.
This means that if the delegate fails to perform the obligations outlined in the contract, the obligee can seek compensation from both the delegate and the delegator.
However, there are some circumstances where the delegator may not be liable after a valid delegation.
For example, if the delegation is made with the consent of the obligee and the delegatee is qualified to perform the obligations outlined in the contract, the delegator may not be held liable if the delegatee fails to perform.
Additionally, if the delegation is made with the condition that the delegator will not be liable, and the obligee agrees to this condition, the delegator may not be held liable.
It is important to note that a delegator may still be liable in the event of a gross breach, regardless of whether a delegation has been made.
A gross breach is a serious violation of the terms of the contract that goes beyond simple non-performance.
Finally, if a delegation is made, it is important for the delegator to notify the obligee of the delegation. If the delegator fails to notify the obligee of the delegation, they may still be held liable for non-performance.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. Sinking funds are attractive to both issuing firms and investors because ______. (Select all that apply)
They provide a means for the issuing firm to systematically set aside funds to retire its debt obligations.
They provide a measure of security: By setting aside money into a sinking fund, the issuing firm is essentially creating a pool of funds that can be used to pay off debt at a future date. This provides a measure of security to investors, who are more likely to invest in a company that has demonstrated its ability to plan for the future.
They reduce the risk of default: A sinking fund reduces the risk of default by providing the issuing firm with a means to retire its debt. This makes the investment less risky for investors, which can result in a lower cost of borrowing for the issuing firm.
They increase the creditworthiness of the issuer: Sinking funds can improve the creditworthiness of an issuer by demonstrating that the company has a plan in place to retire its debt obligations. This can make it easier for the issuer to borrow money in the future at more favorable terms.
They provide a tax advantage: The use of a sinking fund can provide a tax advantage to both the issuing firm and the investors. The issuing firm can deduct contributions to the sinking fund as an expense, while investors may be able to receive tax benefits from the interest income earned on sinking fund investments.
They provide liquidity: Sinking fund investments are generally more liquid than other types of debt investments because they have a fixed maturity date and are backed by a pool of funds that can be used to retire the debt. This can make it easier for investors to buy and sell sinking fund investments.
Sinking funds are attractive to both issuing firms and investors because they provide a means for the issuing firm to systematically set aside funds to retire its debt obligations. This can reduce the risk of default, increase the creditworthiness of the issuer, and provide a measure of security to investors. Additionally, sinking funds can provide a tax advantage and increase the liquidity of the investment
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Sinking funds are attractive to both issuing firms and investors because they provide a predictable and regular stream of cash inflows, allowing for a higher level of control over debt paydown and reducing the default risk of the bond. So, the correct answers are a), b) and c).
Because of this predictability, both the issuer and the investor are at a lower risk of default, enabling higher interest rates and a more alluring return on investment.
Additionally, by shortening the issuer's debt repayment period and lowering the total amount of interest paid over the bond's lifespan, the regular payments also assist in lowering the cost of debt overall.
Finally, sinking funds can be tax-deductible in some cases, providing an additional benefit to the issuer.
Complete Question:
Sinking funds are attractive to both issuing firms and investors because:
(Select all that apply)
a) They provide a predictable and regular stream of cash inflows.
b) They allow for a higher level of control over debt paydown.
c) They reduce the default risk of the bond.
d) They are tax-deductible.
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