If it were proven that liquidity traps do not occur and that investment is not interest insensitive, it would not be enough to disprove the claim that expansionary monetary policy is not always effective at changing real GDP. This is because there are other factors that can affect the effectiveness .
Expansionary monetary policy refers to actions taken by a central bank to increase the money supply in the economy. This can be done through measures such as lowering interest rates or buying government bonds. The goal of expansionary monetary policy is to stimulate economic activity and increase real GDP. However, the effectiveness of expansionary monetary policy depends on various factors. These include the level of interest rates, the state of the economy, and the behavior of businesses and consumers. Even if it is proven that liquidity traps do not occur and investment is not interest insensitive, other factors can still limit the impact of expansionary monetary policy on real GDP.
For example, if consumer confidence is low and businesses are not willing to invest in new projects, expansionary monetary policy may not lead to a significant increase in real GDP. Similarly, if there are structural issues in the economy, such as high levels of unemployment or lack of infrastructure, expansionary monetary policy may not be sufficient to drive meaningful economic growth. In summary, while proving that liquidity traps do not occur and that investment is not interest insensitive would provide important insights, it would not be enough to disprove the claim that expansionary monetary policy is not always effective at changing real GDP. Other factors such as consumer behavior, business investment, and structural issues in the economy also play a significant role in determining the impact of monetary policy on real GDP.
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United Charity has decided to acquire a new vehicle. Its cost is 51,000 . In ten years it can be salvaged for $1,000. Westman Financing has agreed to advance funds for the entire purchase price at 9% per annum payable in equal installments at the end of each year over the ten years. As an alternative, the machine could be leased over the ten years from the manufacturer, Cars R Us with annual lease payments of $7,000 payable at the beginning of each year. United Charity's tax rate is 25%. It has a cost of capital is 16%, and its tax shields are realized at the end of the year. The new vehicle has a CCA rate of 30%. If the machine is owned, annual maintenance costs will be $1000
United Charity has two options to acquire a new vehicle; to purchase it or to lease it. If it purchases it, Westman Financing will advance the entire purchase price at 9% per annum payable in equal installments at the end of each year over the ten years. As an alternative, the machine could be leased over the ten years from the manufacturer, Cars R Us with annual lease payments of $7,000 payable at the beginning of each year.
Let's analyze the best option in terms of net present value, given that the company's cost of capital is 16% and its tax shields are realized at the end of the year. However, before deciding, we need to calculate the total cost of each alternative. If it acquires the vehicle, United Charity would have an annual maintenance cost of $1000. For tax purposes, the company can claim a capital cost allowance (CCA) of 30% on the net cost of the asset. This translates to a depreciation expense of $12,300 per year ($51,000 x 30%).
This amount reduces the taxable income of the company.
Therefore, the tax savings are: $12,300 x 0.25 = $3,075 (where 0.25 is the tax rate).
For simplicity purposes, we will assume that this tax saving is realized at the end of the year.
Therefore, the after-tax cost of owning the asset is: $51,000 - $1,000 - $3,075 = $46,925 per year.
The present value of this amount for ten years at 16% is $232,526.
On the other hand, the present value of the lease payments for ten years at 16% is $52,400. Given that the net present value of the purchase option is lower than that of the leasing option, United Charity should acquire the vehicle by purchasing it.
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The total preferred stock dividends that have not been paid to a stockholder is known as:
1.Noncumulative preferred stock
2.Preferred stock deficiency
3.Arrearage
4.Cumulative preferred stock
The total preferred stock dividends that have not been paid to a stockholder is known as arrearage. Preferred stock refers to a type of ownership in a corporation that pays dividends to shareholders before any dividends are paid to common shareholders.
It frequently provides a fixed dividend that is paid quarterly or monthly and can be retired at a predetermined price. The price of preferred shares is affected by prevailing interest rates and the perceived creditworthiness of the corporation.
Paying arrearage The arrearage term refers to a cumulative preferred stock feature. When a firm pays less than the required dividend on cumulative preferred stock in any year, the unpaid dividends accumulate and are paid in the future years.
For example, if the cumulative preferred stock's annual dividend is $5 and the firm has failed to pay the dividend for two years, the arrearage is $10 ($5 x 2).
Option 3: Arrearage is the correct answer to the question because it refers to the total preferred stock dividends that have not been paid to a stockholder. The term arrearage is frequently used in relation to cumulative preferred stock dividends that have gone unpaid in prior years and will be paid in future years when the corporation has enough money.
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Ruby Company, Inc. has the following budgeted sales for the next quarter: Inventory of finished goods on hand at the beginning of the quarter is 720 units. The company desires to maintain ending inventory each month equal to 20% of next month's sales plus an additional 100 units. How many units are to be produced during April? A. 2,880 units B. 3,740 units C. 7,200 units D. 3,900 units
In April, the company needs to produce 3,740 units to meet the desired ending inventory for May, considering the beginning inventory and sales projections. Option B.
To determine the number of units to be produced during April, we need to calculate the desired ending inventory for May and work backward.
Given:
Beginning inventory in April = 720 units
April sales = 3,600 units
May sales = 3,800 units
June sales = 3,900 units
The desired ending inventory for May can be calculated using the formula:
Desired ending inventory = (Next month's sales × 20%) + 100 units
For May:
Desired ending inventory = (3,800 units × 20%) + 100 units
= (760 units) + 100 units
= 860 units
Therefore, the desired ending inventory for May is 860 units.
To determine the number of units to be produced during April, we need to account for the change in inventory from April to May, which is the difference between the desired ending inventory for May and the beginning inventory in April.
Change in inventory = Desired ending inventory for May - Beginning inventory in April
= 860 units - 720 units
= 140 units
Now, let's calculate the production quantity for April by adding the change in inventory to the April sales:
Production quantity for April = April sales + Change in inventory
= 3,600 units + 140 units
= 3,740 units
Therefore, the number of units to be produced during April is 3,740 units So Option B is correct.
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1. Property, plant and equipment 14000 2. Long term bank loan 1000 3. Accumulated profit of previous years 100 4. Property, plant and equipment under construction 1200 5. Intangible assets 4000 6. Long term financial assets 3000 7. Notes payable (bill of exchange - liabilities) 500 8. Goods for resale 4500 9. Net profit 200 10. Cash in bank 800 11. Materials 2100 12. Trade receivables 300 13. Tax, custom and insurance liabilities 300 14. Cash in hand 100 15. Finished goods 1500 16. Trade liabilities 400 Required: Prepare Balance sheet at 1 January. Calculate share capital and equity
Balance Sheet at 1 January:
Assets:
1. Property, plant and equipment: $14,000
2. Property, plant and equipment under construction: $1,200
3. Intangible assets: $4,000
4. Long-term financial assets: $3,000
5. Goods for resale: $4,500
6. Materials: $2,100
7. Trade receivables: $300
8. Cash in bank: $800
9. Cash in hand: $100
10. Finished goods: $1,500
Liabilities:
1. Long-term bank loan: $1,000
2. Accumulated profit of previous years: $100
3. Notes payable (bill of exchange - liabilities): $500
4. Tax, custom, and insurance liabilities: $300
5. Trade liabilities: $400
Equity:
1. Share capital: To be calculated
2. Net profit: $200
The balance sheet lists assets, liabilities, and equity. The assets include property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, financial assets, goods for resale, materials, trade receivables, and cash. Liabilities consist of a long-term bank loan, accumulated profit, notes payable, tax, custom, and insurance liabilities, and trade liabilities. Equity comprises the share capital and net profit. The share capital needs to be calculated separately based on the available information.
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The combination of the efficient set of portfolios with a riskless lending and borrowing rate results in the: Multiple Choice capital market line which shows that all investors will only invest in the riskless asset. capital market line which shows that all investors will invest in a combination of the riskless asset and the tangency portfolio. security market line which shows that all investors will invest in the minimum variance portfolio. security market line which shows that all investors will invest only in the riskless asset. characteristic line which shows that all investors will invest in the same combination of securities.
The combination of the efficient set of portfolios with a riskless lending and borrowing rate results in the capital market line which shows that all investors will invest in a combination of the riskless asset and the tangency portfolio.
The Capital Market Line is a line that shows the correlation between the expected returns of an asset and the level of risk involved, assuming that there are no capital restrictions or capital market irregularities. It shows the portfolio selection of the risk-free assets and risk assets.
It is a straight line passing through the intersection of the y-axis and the efficient frontier and is tangential to the efficient frontier.
The portfolio that includes the risk-free asset and the portfolio of risky assets tangent to the Capital Market Line (CML) is the Tangency Portfolio. The CML depicts a linear positive relationship between risk and return. All investors have the same inclination towards the tangent portfolio on the CML.
The tangency portfolio is a mixture of the risk-free asset and a single market portfolio that represents all the financial assets. Therefore, it is a feasible portfolio that includes all of the available securities and the risk-free asset.
In other words, the tangency portfolio is one of the best combinations of the risk-free asset and the market portfolio that is expected to provide the highest risk-adjusted return.
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Consider the relation between the average cost curve (AC) and the marginal cost curve (MC)
a. If MC is larger than AC, then AC is increasing
b. The MC and the AC curves intersect where the MC reaches a minimum
c. If MC is smaller than AC, then AC is increasing
d. The MC and the AC never intersect
e. The MC and the AC curves intersect where the MC reaches a maximum
The relation between the average cost curve (AC) and the marginal cost curve (MC) is option b. The MC and the AC curves intersect where the MC reaches a minimum.
What is the reason?In the short run, firms will usually have a fixed amount of capital and labor. As a result, the Marginal Cost (MC) curve is U-shaped because the marginal product of labor first increases as additional workers are hired, then diminishes as the firm adds more workers to the same amount of capital.
s a result, the Marginal Cost (MC) curve initially decreases.
When it intersects with the Average Cost (AC) curve, it is at its lowest point. After the intersection point, the MC curve increases because of diminishing marginal returns.
So, if the marginal cost is lower than the average cost, the average cost is declining. Conversely, if the marginal cost is higher than the average cost, the average cost is increasing.
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snowy river stallion inc. produces horse and rancher equipment. costs from support department 1 are allocated based on the number of employees. costs from support department 2 are allocated based on asset value. relevant department information is provided in the following table: support department 1 support department 2 production department 1 production department 2 number of employees 9 7 25 18 asset value $1,150 $670 $6,230 $5,100 department cost $20,000 $15,500 $99,000 $79,000 using the sequential method of support department cost allocation, determine the total costs from support department 1 (assuming they are allocated first) that should be allocated to support department 2 and to each of the production departments.
Allocate the costs from support department 1 to support department 2 and the production departments using the sequential method of support department cost allocation.
Calculate the allocation ratio for support department 1 based on the number of employees. Allocation Ratio for Support Department 1 = Support Department 1 Employees / Total Employees
Allocation Ratio for Support Department
1 = 9 / (9 + 7 + 25 + 18) = 9 / 59 = 0.152
The sequential method of support department cost allocation involves allocating costs from one support department to another and then allocating those costs to production departments. In this case, the costs from support department 1 are allocated first. We calculate the allocation ratio for support department 1 based on the number of employees and then multiply it by the support department 1 cost to allocate the costs to support department.
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In the sequential method of cost allocation, Support Department 1 costs, amounting to $20,000, are allocated based on the number of employees. Support Department 2 is allocated $2,373, Production Department 1 gets $8,474, and Production Department 2 receives $6,101.
Explanation:In the sequential method of cost allocation, support departments are allocated in a predetermined order. Here, Support Department 1 costs are allocated based on the number of employees, and its total cost is $20,000. Therefore, the allocation rate is $20,000 divided by the total number of employees across all departments, which is 59 (9 + 7 + 25 + 18). The rate is thus approximately $338.98 per employee.
Support Department 2 has 7 employees, so it will receive an allocation of $338.98 times 7 employees, which equals $2,373. The total cost that will be allocated to the production departments is therefore $20,000 - $2,373, or $17,627. However, this amount is divided based on the employee count. Production Department 1 has 25 employees, so it will receive an allocation of $338.98 times 25 which is $8474. Production Department 2, which has 18 employees, gets a cost allocation of $338.98 times 18, which equals $6,101.
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Exercise 2 Mr. Remnick is the Editor-in-chief of a literary, news, and culture magazine. He needs to hire labor ( L ), which primarily consists of talented writers, to produce Q copies of the magazine per month. Furthermore, he makes decisions over how much capital (K) to purchase. Capital consists of a large network of information technology enabling his writers to be productive. Suppose, therefore, that the production function of this literary magazine is of the following Cobb-Douglass form: Q(K,L)=K α
L β
Given there is always a ready supply of talented writers willing to fill positions at this prestigious magazine, we will assume there is a competitive market for writers. Every month Mr. Remnick can fill as many positions as he sees fit at the going wage rate: w=$80. In contrast, given that the information technology (IT) infrastructure involves a considerable proportion of fixed costs, Mr. Remnick only makes decisions about acquisition of information technology once per year in January. This January Mr. Remnick decided to purchase K
ˉ
=5,000 units of information technology. The rental rate of each IT unit is v=$0.25. 9. Mr. Remnick wants to minimize his costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month. Is this a short or long run problem? [1 point] (a) Short-run (b) Long-run (c) Not enough information 10. Find the contingent demand functions that minimizes Mr. Remnick's costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month. Assume he can hire fractions of workers. [2 points] L ∗
=⟶;K ∗
= 11. Given your answer from before, what are Mr. Remnick's total costs? [1 point] C ∗
=
9. Mr. Remnick wants to minimize his costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month. Is this a short or long run problem?Since the period of one year is greater than one month, this is a short-run problem. So the correct option is (a) Short-run.10. Find the contingent demand functions that minimizes Mr. Remnick's costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month.
Assume he can hire fractions of workers.Given the production function:Q(K,L)=K α L βand thatQ(K,L)=250, α = 0.4, β = 0.6, K = 5000, w = $80, v = $0.25We must find L* and K* to minimize costs.Let us solve for the value of L* and K* respectively.Let us solve for L*. To minimize costs, we must find L* such thatMC L =w/MP L =w(α/β)(K/L) α-1 L -(β/β)=w(K/L) α/βL -(β/β)=80(5000/L)0.4/0.6L - 0.6/0.6=133.33L=5000/(1+133.33)L = 32.26Thus, Mr. Remnick must hire 32.26 writers. Now, let us solve for K*.MC K = v/MP K = vK α-1 L β=0.25K 0.4 32.26 0.6=0.025K 0.24=1000K= (1000/0.025)1/0.24=14,231.55Thus, Mr. Remnick must acquire 14,231 units of information technology.11.
Given your answer from before, what are Mr. Remnick's total costs?Total costs can be calculated as:C* = (wL*) + (vK*) = (80 * 32.26) + (0.25 * 14,231.55)C* = $4,079.75 + $3,557.89C* = $7,637.64Therefore, Mr. Remnick's total costs will be $7,637.64 to produce 250 copies of magazines next month.
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Jack is the only seller of pizza in the market. Jack's production function is TC=0.5Q+15. The market demand for pizza is P=20.5−0.5Q. a) Calculate the profit-maximizing price and quantity for Jack's pizza business. Illustrate the market equilibrium with a proper diagram. b) Evaluate the profit of Jack's pizza store. Compare the quantity of pizza sold by Jack with the equilibrium quantity resulting from a perfectly competitive pizza market. Estimate the size of market efficiency loss (or gain) caused by Jack's pizza business. c) Government considers that eating pizza is unhealthy and is planning to impose a $5 tax on the seller for each pizza sold in the market. Evaluate the changes in quantity demanded and profit for Jack's pizza store. Discuss whether Jack will remain or leave the market after the tax.
The profit-maximizing price is $15.25 and the quantity is 30 pizzas. At this price and quantity, the market is in equilibrium where demand equals supply.
Jack's profit is $127.50, while the equilibrium quantity in a perfectly competitive market would be 40 pizzas. The market efficiency loss caused by Jack's monopoly is $67.50. After the $5 tax, the quantity demanded decreases to 25 pizzas, and Jack's profit decreases to $112.50. Whether Jack remains or leaves the market depends on the impact of the tax on his profitability and his willingness to continue operating under the new conditions.Comparing the quantity of pizza sold by Jack (40) with the equilibrium quantity resulting from a perfectly competitive market, we can't determine the equilibrium quantity without knowing the number of sellers and their production functions in the market. However, if we assume perfect competition, the equilibrium quantity would be determined where the market demand equals the sum of individual suppliers' quantities.
Market efficiency loss (or gain) caused by Jack's pizza business cannot be estimated without knowing the equilibrium quantity resulting from a perfectly competitive market.
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Two countries (US and Brazil) can produce either coffee or wheat by allocating all their resources in those activities. Here are the outcomes (in millions of tons):
- The US can produce 60 tons of wheat or 20 tons of coffee.
- Brazil can produce 20 tons of wheat or 10 tons of coffee.
• Which country has absolute advantage in both product? Explain. (5 points)
• In which product does each country has a comparative advantage? Explain. (10 points
• If each country specializes in the product in which it has a comparative advantage, and
trade is allowed between the two countries, explain how each will benefit from the situation. (10 points)
The question is about the theory of comparative advantage which explains how two countries can gain from international trade.
According to the theory, each country should specialize in the production of a good in which it has a lower opportunity cost and then trade that good for the good in which the other country has a lower opportunity cost. It is beneficial for both countries since each country can consume more of both goods by trading with each other.
The US has an absolute advantage in both products since it can produce 60 tons of wheat or 20 tons of coffee while Brazil can only produce 20 tons of wheat or 10 tons of coffee. Absolute advantage refers to the ability of a country to produce more of a good using the same amount of resources or using fewer resources to produce the same amount of goods.
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If Coronado Company had net income of $749,300 in 2022 and it experienced a 27% increase in net income over 2021 , what was its 2021 net income? Net income of 2021 Net income was $510,000 in 2020,$428,400 in 2021 , and $514,080 in 2022 . What is the percentage of change (a) from 2020 to 2021 , and (b) from 2021 to 2022 ? Is the change an increase or a decrease? (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign the number e.g. −45 or parentheses e.g. (45). Round percentages to 1 decimal place, e.g. 12.3\%.)
We must compute the percentage increase in net income from 2021 to 2022 and then apply it to the 2021 net income to determine the net income of Coronado Company in 2021.
Given: Net profit for 2021 equals $428,4002022 expected net income: $514,080(a) The percentage difference from 2020 to 2021 is calculated as follows: percentage difference = ((2021 net income - 2020 net income) / 2020 net income). * A 100% change equals (((428,400 - 510,000) / 510,000) * 100 % change equals (-81,600 / 510,000) * 100 percent change equals a -16%With a -16% change in percentage from 2020 to 2021, net income shrank.(b) The percentage difference between 2021 and 2022: Change = (2022 net income - 2021 net income) / 2021 net income. * A 100% change is equal to ((514,080 - 428,400) / 428,400) (85,680 / 428,400) * 100 Percentage Change * 100 Percentage Change = 20%
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the process by which states reach agreements that allow for out-of-state licenses to be accepted so long as all state fees are paid is known as
The process by which states reach agreements that allow for out-of-state licenses to be accepted as long as all state fees are paid is known as reciprocity.
1. Reciprocity: The term used to describe the process of states reaching agreements to recognize out-of-state licenses while requiring payment of state fees.
2. Recognition of Out-of-State Licenses: States acknowledge the validity and legitimacy of licenses issued by other states.
3. Agreement: States negotiate and establish agreements among themselves to facilitate the acceptance of out-of-state licenses.
4. Fee Payment: As part of the reciprocity agreement, states may require individuals holding out-of-state licenses to pay certain fees, such as application fees or license renewal fees.
5. Compliance: Individuals seeking to utilize their out-of-state licenses in a different state must meet the requirements set by the accepting state, including the payment of applicable fees.
6. License Portability: Reciprocity enables individuals with valid licenses from one state to practice their profession or engage in certain activities in another state without undergoing the full process of obtaining a new license.
7. Professional Regulations: The reciprocity process is often utilized for licensed professionals such as doctors, nurses, lawyers, teachers, and other regulated occupations.
8. Interstate Compacts: Some reciprocity agreements are formalized through interstate compacts, which are legally binding agreements between states.
9. Streamlining Processes: Reciprocity simplifies the process for professionals who frequently move between states or engage in temporary work assignments across state lines.
10. Limitations: Reciprocity agreements may vary between states and professions, with some states having stricter requirements or limitations on out-of-state license acceptance.
In summary, reciprocity is the process through which states establish agreements to recognize out-of-state licenses upon payment of state fees, enabling professionals to practice their licensed activities in different states without undergoing the full licensure process.
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. Provide an example of a product/service that is price elastic. What could make it more inelastic? 2. Provide an example of a product/service that is price inelastic. What could make it more elastic?
1 Product/Service in Price Elastic: A product/service is price elastic when there is a large change in the quantity demanded when there is a small change in price. An example of a price elastic product/service is clothing.
A small change in price could make a huge difference in the quantity demanded. For example, if a pair of jeans is priced at $100 and the price increases to $110, customers may decide to switch to a different brand or wait until the price comes down. One way to make clothing more inelastic is to make it a luxury item. This could be done by using high-quality materials, creating a brand identity, or having limited editions.
2. Product/Service in Price inelastic:A product/service is price inelastic when there is a small change in the quantity demanded when there is a large change in price. An example of a price inelastic product/service is gasoline. Even if the price of gasoline increases by a lot, people still need to buy it to get to work or school. This means that the quantity demanded does not change as much with price changes. One way to make gasoline more elastic is to offer an alternative form of transportation.
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The ABC Company issues a $500,000,12%,10 year bond. The bond pays interest three times per year. The Market rate for similar bonds is 9%. Calculate what the bond will sell for and journalize the sale price Construct the amortization table and journalize the first interest payment
The bond will sell for $ (sell price) and the journal entry for the sale will be as follows:
Debit: Cash (sell price)
Credit: Bonds Payable (face value)
To calculate the sell price of the bond, we need to determine the present value of the bond's future cash flows using the market rate of 9%.
Step 1: Calculate the periodic interest payment
Annual interest payment = Bond face value * Interest rate
Periodic interest payment = Annual interest payment / Number of payment periods per year
Step 2: Calculate the present value of the bond's future cash flows
Using the present value of an ordinary annuity formula, we can calculate the present value of the interest payments and the present value of the face value:
Present value of interest payments = Periodic interest payment * Present value factor (9%, number of payment periods)
Present value of face value = Face value * Present value factor (9%, maturity years)
Step 3: Calculate the sell price of the bond
Sell price = Present value of interest payments + Present value of face value
To construct the amortization table, we will allocate the periodic interest payment and the remaining cash flow (principal repayment) for each payment period. The journal entry for the first interest payment will be:
Debit: Interest Expense
Credit: Cash
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On 1 July 2021, your company acquired a machine for $30,000 and decided to depreciate it for 15 years with no residual amount. Assume that the fair values of this asset were:
Date Fair Value
1/7/2021 $35,000
31/8/2021 $28,000
30/6/2022 $45,000
Required:
a. Using the cost model, prepare the relevant journal entries from the date of acquisition to 30 June 2022.
b. Using the revaluation model, prepare the relevant journal entries from the date of acquisition to 30 June 2022.
a. Using the cost model, prepare the relevant journal entries from the date of acquisition to 30 June 2022. To calculate the depreciable amount for the machine, we must first determine its useful life and residual value. Since there is no residual value, the depreciable amount will be $2,000 per year (i.e., $30,000 divided by 15 years).
On 1 July 2021, the company would debit the Machine account and credit the Cash account for $30,000.
To record the first year of depreciation, the company would debit Depreciation Expense and credit Accumulated
Depreciation at the end of the first year (i.e., 30 June 2022) for $2,000.
In total, two journal entries are required for this problem:
Date, Particulars, Debit, Credit; 1 July 2021, Machine, 30,000 Cash, 30,000 31 December 2022; Depreciation Expense 2,000, Accumulated Depreciation 2,000.
Date, Particulars, Debit, Credit; 1 July 2021, Machine, 30,000 Cash, 30,00030 June 2022; Depreciation Expense 2,000, Accumulated Depreciation 2,000.
b. Using the revaluation model, prepare the relevant journal entries from the date of acquisition to 30 June 2022. When the revaluation model is used, the machine's value would be revalued from its initial cost of $30,000 to its fair value of $35,000 as of 1 July 2021. As a result, the machine account and the revaluation surplus account would both be increased by $5,000. Because the machine's fair value had decreased as of 31 August 2021, the machine's value would be decreased from $35,000 to $28,000, resulting in a decrease in the machine account and a revaluation surplus account. As a result, the machine's carrying amount would be depreciated using the original depreciable amount of $2,000 per year.
The machine's value would then be revalued at its fair value of $45,000 as of 30 June 2022, resulting in a $17,000 increase in the machine account and a revaluation surplus account, as well as depreciation based on the updated carrying amount. In total, three journal entries are required for this problem:
Date, Particulars, Debit, Credit; 1 July 2021, Machine, 30,000 Revaluation Surplus, 5,000 Cash 30,000 31 December 2022, Depreciation Expense 2,000, Accumulated Depreciation 2,000
30 June 2022, Machine, 17,000 Revaluation Surplus, 17,000, Depreciation Expense 4,200, Accumulated Depreciation 4,200
Date, Particulars, Debit, Credit; 31 August 2021, Revaluation Surplus 7,000, Machine, 7,000, Accumulated Depreciation 2,000, Depreciation Expense 2,000
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Consider the project described in the table below. What is the project's net present value? Cost of Capital Rate 13% Time 0 1 2 3 4 Cash Flows ($6,600) $2,400 $3,600 $2,000 $1,000 Select one: a. $336 b. $343 c. $367 d. $360
The correct option is d. $360.What is the net present value?To solve this question, we can use the following formula NPV = (Cash Flow / (1 + r) ^ t) + (Cash Flow / (1 + r) ^ t) + (Cash Flow / (1 + r) ^ t) + ...
(Cash Flow / (1 + r) ^ t) - Investment CostWhere,CF = Cash flow, r = discount rate, and t = time period.The table given in the question is:Time 0 1 2 3 4Cash Flows ($6,600) $2,400 $3,600 $2,000 $1,000Net Present Value = (2,400 / (1 + 0.13) ^ 1) + (3,600 / (1 + 0.13) ^ 2) + (2,000 / (1 + 0.13) ^ 3) + (1,000 / (1 + 0.13) ^ 4) - 6,600= $2,123 + $2,380 + $1,218 + $628 - 6,600= $360 (approximately)Therefore, the project's net present value is $360.
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policies with benefits but costs will often be funded even if the benefits are less than the costs. policies with benefits but costs will often be funded even if the benefits are less than the costs. diffused; concentrated concentrated; diffused concentrated; concentrated diffused; diffused
The correct answer is: concentrated; diffused.
What are these policiesPolicies with concentrated benefits and diffused costs are more likely to be funded even if the benefits are less than the costs.
In such cases, the benefits of the policy are concentrated among a specific group or entity, while the costs are spread out or diffused across a larger population or society as a whole.
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If Mr. Smith thinks the last dollar spent on shirts yields less satisfaction than the last dollar spent on cola, and Smith is a utility-maximizing consumer, he should
a. decrease his spending on cola.
b. decrease his spending on cola and increase his spending on shirts.
c. increase his spending on shirts.
d. increase his spending on cola and decrease his spending on shirts
Answer:
Increase his spending on cola and decrease his spending on shirts.
Explanation:
Olde Town Hospital is accounted for in an enterprise fund of Olde Towne Township. The following data comes from the hospital's financial statements. Total revenues were $20 million. Total expenses were $18 million, consisting of patient care expenses - $13 million; administrative expenses - $2 million; depreciation - $2 million; and interest on long-term debt - $1 million. Principal payments on long-term debt were $1.5 million.
What is the hospital's debt service coverage?
According to given statement debt service coverage can be calculated by dividing its net operating income by its annual debt service payment the hospital's debt service coverage is 0.8.
Olde Town Hospital's debt service coverage can be calculated by dividing its net operating income by its annual debt service payment. Net operating income can be calculated by subtracting the hospital's total expenses from its total revenues.
In this case, the hospital's total revenues were $20 million and total expenses were $18 million. To find the net operating income, we subtract the total expenses from the total revenues:
Net Operating Income = Total Revenues - Total Expenses
Net Operating Income = $20 million - $18 million
Net Operating Income = $2 million
Now, let's calculate the hospital's debt service coverage. The annual debt service payment is the sum of the principal payments on long-term debt and the interest on long-term debt.
Annual Debt Service Payment = Principal Payments on Long-Term Debt + Interest on Long-Term Debt
Annual Debt Service Payment = $1.5 million + $1 million
Annual Debt Service Payment = $2.5 million
Finally, we can calculate the debt service coverage by dividing the net operating income by the annual debt service payment:
Debt Service Coverage = Net Operating Income / Annual Debt Service Payment
Debt Service Coverage = $2 million / $2.5 million
Debt Service Coverage = 0.8
In conclusion, the hospital's debt service coverage is 0.8.
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True or False? Sample Hospital's "Benchmark Data Report" appears in the Metropolis Health System's appendix, whose title begins with "Comparative Analysis Using Financial Ratios and Benchmarking. . . ." The benchmark data report contains various ratios, one of which is the Return on Total Assets. Accordingly, Sample Hospital's Return on Total Assets for Year 1 amounted to –2.37%, while the first quarter of its Year 2 amounted to –3.58%. The result for the first quarter of Year 2 is better than the result reported for Year 1.
Group of answer choices
True
False
The statement "The result for the first quarter of Year 2 is better than the result reported for Year 1" is False. This is because the result of the first quarter of Year 2 amounted to –3.58%, which is less than the result reported for Year 1, which amounted to –2.37%. Hence, the correct option is False. Benchmarking report is a comparison of the metrics of one company or organization against another or against industry standards.
In simple words, it is the process of analyzing and comparing a company's performance with industry standards. The aim is to determine where the company stands in terms of best practices, how well they are performing compared to their competition, and where there are gaps that need to be addressed in order to improve their performance. Benchmarking reports contain financial data that is analyzed to determine how well the company is doing and how it could improve its profitability. The comparative analysis report provides an assessment of the company's strengths and weaknesses, highlighting areas that need improvement. Based on the above information, the statement "Sample Hospital's "Benchmark Data Report" appears in the Metropolis Health System's appendix, whose title begins with "Comparative Analysis Using Financial Ratios and Benchmarking. . . ."" cannot be determined from the information given.
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Which of the following is true about the principle efrvele prossisan ion organization? Only the consulting activities of the intemal auditfunctoon porie a ale Both the assurance and consulting activities ado
The following is true about the principle of professional practices in an organization;
Both the assurance and consulting activities. In general, an internal audit function plays an important role in the organization by providing objective assurance and consulting activities.
The internal audit function usually covers activities such as risk management, governance processes, and control practices of the organization.
Assurance activities are focused on the overall risk management processes of the organization, governance processes, and the performance of the organization's controls.
Consulting activities, on the other hand, are advisory services provided to the organization with the aim of improving its operations. This may include consulting services on the organization's risk management practices, governance processes, and other control processes.
Therefore, both the assurance and consulting activities of an internal audit function are critical to achieving the objectives of the organization.
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ordinarily, a public company's audit report must be addressed to: shareholders board of directors a. yes yes b. yes no c. no yes d. no no
The correct answer is b. yes no. Ordinarily, a public company's audit report must be addressed to shareholders, but not to the board of directors.
The audit report of a public company is a formal document prepared by an independent auditor to provide an opinion on the company's financial statements. The report is typically addressed to the shareholders of the company, as they are the ultimate owners and stakeholders who rely on the accuracy and reliability of the financial information.
The purpose of the audit report is to provide assurance to the shareholders that the financial statements present a true and fair view of the company's financial position and performance. It confirms that the statements are prepared in accordance with the applicable accounting standards and that the company has followed proper accounting practices.
While the board of directors plays a crucial role in overseeing the company's operations and financial reporting, the audit report is not addressed directly to them. The board of directors receives a copy of the audit report, and they utilize it as a tool to assess the company's financial health and make informed decisions.
However, the primary addressees of the audit report are the shareholders, who rely on it to assess the company's performance, make investment decisions, and hold management accountable.
Therefore, the correct option is b. yes no.
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stockbroker calls you and suggests that you invest in the Lauren Computer Company. After analyzing the firm’s annual report and other material, you believe that the distribution of expected rates of return is as follows:
LAUREN COMPUTER CO.Possible Rate of ReturnProbability-0.250.20-0.100.150.000.100.100.100.250.100.350.35
Compute the expected return [E(Ri)] on Lauren Computer stock. Use a minus sign to enter a negative value, if any. Round your answer to one decimal place.
A stockbroker calls you and suggests that you invest in the Lauren Computer Company. After analyzing the firm's annual report and other material, you believe that the distribution of expected rates of return is as follows: LAUREN COMPUTER CO.
Possible Rate of Return Probability -0.25 0.20 -0.10 0.15 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.35 0.35
Compute the expected return [E(Ri)] on Lauren Computer stock.
Use a minus sign to enter a negative value, if any. Round your answer to one decimal place.
Lauren Computer Company Expected return [E(Ri)] is computed as follows;
Expected Return, E(Ri) = (r1P1 + r2P2 + ...+ r6P6)r1 is -0.25, r2 is -0.10, r3 is 0.00, r4 is 0.10, r5 is 0.25, and r6 is 0.35.P1 is 0.20, P2 is 0.15, P3 is 0.10, P4 is 0.10, P5 is 0.10, and P6 is 0.35
Substituting the values into the formula;
E(Ri) = (-0.25*0.20) + (-0.10*0.15) + (0.00*0.10) + (0.10*0.10) + (0.25*0.10) + (0.35*0.35) = -0.019
Therefore, the expected return on the Lauren Computer stock is -0.019 or -1.9%.
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ommitted costs need to be treated in a special way so that the system
a. audits the amounts assigned.
b. enters the amount of the cost one time at the beginning of the project.
c. enters the amount of the cost one time at the end of the project.
d. periodically assigns a portion of their total cost to actual cost.
Entering the amount of the cost one time at the end of the project. Omitted costs are costs that are not directly allocated or assigned to a specific project or activity.
These costs are usually indirect costs that are shared among multiple projects or activities. To treat omitted costs in a special way, it is common to enter the amount of the cost one time at the end of the project. This ensures that the project's financial records reflect the actual cost incurred, and it helps in determining the project's profitability and overall performance.
Entering the amount of the cost one time at the beginning of the project (option b) may not be appropriate because omitted costs can vary over time and may not be known upfront. Periodically assigning a portion of their total cost to actual cost (option d) is not the most effective approach for omitted costs because it may not capture the accurate cost incurred throughout the project. It's important to note that omitted costs should be identified and allocated properly to ensure accurate financial reporting.
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You are the Project Manager leading the implementation of a new record keeping software at a major accounting firm. You work for the software company who assigns their own Project Management resources at organizations that wouldn’t normally have in house Project Management resources.
The accounting firm had previously attempted to implement a new software last year which was not successful. The leadership team is apprehensive about implementing a new system based on the issues that arose from the last implementation. The non leadership team are apprehensive as they are fearful that a new software will result in redundancies.
The project team you have working for you are a mixture of seasoned and junior project coordinators.
Your executive sponsor is expecting an outline of your plan to implement this before the next audit season which is just under a year away.
Implementing a new record keeping software requires understanding the issues with the previous software, having a task force, developing an implementation plan with deadlines, deliverables, and budget, and risk management strategies.
Implementing a new record keeping software at a major accounting firm has a potential for redundancies, which makes the non-leadership team apprehensive about its implementation. What is the plan to implement this before the next audit season? Before implementation of a new record keeping software, the first step would be to understand the issues that led to the failure of the last software. The failure of the last software would have left the company in chaos, and they need a guarantee that this software will not have similar issues. A report would be necessary to understand the issues with the last software. The report would include the impact on the company and the causes of the software failure. Understanding these issues would enable the project manager to avoid them in the new implementation, ensuring that the accounting firm would get a robust system.
The project manager would also create a task force, with members drawn from different departments to ensure that there is total involvement in the project. The team should be made up of a mixture of seasoned and junior project coordinators to ensure a proper understanding of the project and accountability. The team should have a clear understanding of the expectations and the deadline given. The team should be well-versed in the company's policies and operations. This way, the team can prepare for potential redundancies that the software might lead to. The team should communicate with the non-leadership team to understand the concerns they have about the implementation.
The project manager would also need to develop an implementation plan with deadlines, deliverables, and budget. The project manager must ensure that the executive sponsor has clear expectations and must have a risk management plan in place. The plan should have strategies on how to deal with the challenges that may arise during the implementation of the software. A testing phase would also be necessary to ensure that the new software is compatible with the company's existing software, minimizing the risk of disruption during the audit season.
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A comparative balance sheet for Halpern Corporation is presented below: HALPERN CORPORATION Comparative Balance Sheet For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Assets Cash $ 36,000 $ 31,000 Accounts receivable (net) 70,000 60,000 Prepaid insurance 25,000 17,000 Land 18,000 40,000 Equipment 70,000 60,000 Accumulated depreciation (20,000) (13,000) Total Assets $199,000 $195,000 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Accounts payable $11,000 $ 6,000 Bonds payable 27,000 19,000 Common stock 140,000 115,000 Retained earnings 21,000 55,000 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $199,000 $195,000 Additional information: 1. Net loss was ($20,000). 2. Cash dividends of $_______ were declared and paid. 3. Land was sold for cash at a loss of $4,000. 4. Depreciation for the year was $17,000. 5. Equipment with a cost of $15,000 and accumulated depreciation of $10,000 was sold for $5,000 cash. 6. $22,000 of bonds were retired during the year at carrying (book) value. 7. Equipment was acquired for common stock. The fair value of the stock at the time of the exchange was $25,000. Instructions Prepare a statement of cash flows in proper form for the year ended 2020, using the indirect method.
The cash dividends paid during the year were $14,000.
Halpern Corporation Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Operating Activities:
Net loss ($20,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 17,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable (10,000)
Increase in prepaid insurance (8,000)
Decrease in accounts payable 5,000
Net cash provided by operating activities (16,000)
Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sale of land 4,000
Proceeds from sale of equipment 5,000
Purchase of equipment (25,000)
Net cash used in investing activities (16,000)
Financing Activities:
Issuance of common stock 25,000
Retirement of bonds (22,000)
Cash dividends paid (X)
Net cash provided by financing activities 3,000
Net increase in cash 6,000
Cash at beginning of year 31,000
Cash at end of year $37,000
Calculation of Cash Dividends Paid:
Cash dividends paid = Increase in retained earnings - Net loss
Cash dividends paid = (55,000 - 21,000) - (-20,000)
Cash dividends paid = 14,000
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The manager of CRT Construction Company needs to decide how four engineers are assigned to work on four projects. Each engineer charges different fees on each project, due to the locations of the project and the load of the job. The costs (in pesos) of assignment are as follows:
Project
A
B
C
D
25,000
20,000
28,000
27,000
Engineer
123
4
12,000
15,000
19,000
14,000
8,000
17,000
14,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
14,000
15,000
What is the best assignment to minimize the cost?
A construction company needs to decide how four engineers are assigned to work on four projects. The costs of assignment are given in the table below. In this case, the objective is to minimize the total cost. The company should choose the assignments that will result in the lowest total cost.
In this problem, the task is to minimize the cost of assignment. To solve this problem, we can use the Hungarian Algorithm. This method involves reducing the cost matrix and selecting the minimum number of rows and columns that will cover all zeros without using the same row or column more than once. The table below shows the reduction of the cost matrix.
So, the best assignment to minimize the cost is Engineer 1 to Project A, Engineer 2 to Project B, Engineer 3 to Project C and Engineer 4 to Project D.
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Consider the following statements? A. A regular language is one that can be defined by a regular expression. B. All languages are regular. C. Regular languages are closed under complementation. D. All languages can be accepted by a finite automaton. Which one of the following correctly indicates which statements above are correct? 1. All the statements are true. 2. Only statements A, B, and C are true. 3. Only statements A and C are true. 4. Only statements B and D are true.
The correct statement indicating the correct statement is "Only statements A and C are true".
Statement A is the answer and is true. A regular language is a language that can be described by a finite automaton, or equivalently, a language that can be expressed by a regular expression, a context-free grammar, or a regular grammar, or some other formalism that is equivalent in power. Statement B is incorrect. There are languages that cannot be identified by any type of automaton and are therefore not regular. Statement C is the answer and is true. Complementation of a regular language results in a regular language, implying that regular languages are closed under complementation. Statement D is incorrect. There are languages that require a Turing machine or some more powerful system to recognize them.
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Question 4 ABC firm plans to buy a new machine for $500,000. The seller requires that the firm pays 20% of the purchase price as a down payment, but is willing to finance the remainder by offering a 48-month loan with equal monthly payments and an interest rate of 0.5% per month. What is the monthly loan payment?
The ABC firm has plans to purchase a new machine with the cost price of $500,000. The seller requires that the company pays 20% of the total purchase price as a down payment, but the seller is ready to finance the remaining amount by giving a 48-month loan.
The interest rate for the loan is 0.5% per month. We are asked to calculate the monthly loan payment. The amount to be financed will be: Cost of the machine - Down Payment= $500,000 - 20% x $500,000= $500,000 - $100,000= $400,000Now, the formula for equal monthly payments is:
Equal Monthly Payment = Principal Amount (r(1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n -1) Where, r is the monthly interest rate and n is the total number of months. For our problem, Principal Amount = $400,000n = 48 months r = 0.5% per month, which is equivalent to 0.005 using decimals
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b. Various Stakeholders who receive accounting information differ in their informational needs. Discuss Six of these, citing their areas of interest.
Accounting information is critical for the success of any organization. Various stakeholders require different types of information for making informed decisions. In this essay, we discuss the different stakeholders and their informational needs.
The six stakeholders that we will be discussing in this essay include shareholders, creditors, employees, customers, government, and suppliers.
Shareholders
Shareholders are people who own the company's shares. They are interested in the company's financial performance, profitability, and stability. They need information on how the company is performing financially to make informed investment decisions. They need detailed information on the company's financial statements such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statements.
Creditors
Creditors are interested in the financial position and ability of the company to pay back its debts. They need information on the company's liquidity, profitability, and cash flow. They are interested in the balance sheet, cash flow statement, and income statement.
Employees
Employees are interested in job security, pay, and benefits. They are interested in the company's financial position and profitability. They need information on the company's financial statements, especially the income statement. They want to know whether the company is profitable and whether it can afford to pay them and provide them with benefits.
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