For the loan of [tex]$150,000[/tex] in the form of a 15-year mortgage at 8% annual interest rate with monthly payments and monthly compounding, the monthly payment can be calculated as follows:
Monthly interest rate = Annual interest rate / 12
= 8% / 12 = 0.006666667
Present value of mortgage = [tex]$150,000[/tex]Number of monthly payments
= 15 x 12
= 180Using the above figures, the monthly payment can be calculated using the formula for monthly payment on a mortgage, which is:
M = [tex]P [ i(1 + i)n ] / [ (1 + i)n – 1[/tex]]Where M
= monthly payment, P
= present value of mortgage, i
= monthly interest rate and
n = number of monthly payments
M = 150000 [0.006666667(1 + 0.006666667)180] / [(1 + 0.006666667)180 – 1]
≈ [tex]$1,476.63[/tex]
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Which one of the following statements is false?
Interest tax shield adds value to firms
The total value of the levered firms exceed the value of the firm without leverage due to the present value of the tax savings from debt.
For a levered firm, we can compute the value of its operating assets by discounting its future unlevered free cash flows using the after-tax cost of capital (WACC).
None of the above
The correct option that represents the false statement is “None of the above.” Explanation: Interest tax shield adds value to firms: Interest tax shields help in reducing a company's tax liability. It is the deduction that the company takes from its taxable income by subtracting its interest costs on outstanding debt.
The more the company’s debt, the more the tax savings. The tax shield can add value to a company, and it is a legitimate reason why many companies issue debt rather than equity. The total value of the levered firms exceeds the value of the firm without leverage due to the present value of the tax savings from debt: The interest tax shield provides a tax deduction, which means that interest payments are subtracted from taxable income. Debt increases the value of the firm by providing tax savings, which increases cash flows for the company.
However, the market value of the levered firm will always be higher than that of the unlevered firm. For a levered firm, we can compute the value of its operating assets by discounting its future unlevered free cash flows using the after-tax cost of capital (WACC): The formula used to calculate the value of the firm is similar for both the levered and unlevered firm. The difference is that the levered firm has to subtract debt value from the value of the firm. The cost of debt should also be adjusted for taxes.
None of the above: All the statements mentioned above are true. So, the false statement is None of the above.
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Which of the following may change and cause deprecation for current and future periods to be recalculated?
A. cost of asset and/or residual value B. only the useful life C. only the residual value D. useful life and/or residual value
Useful life and/or residual value may change and cause deprecation for current and future periods to be recalculated. A fixed asset's value decreases over time due to factors like wear and tear, obsolescence, and loss of value.
As a result, businesses are required to account for this loss of value by using depreciation. Depreciation is the process of distributing the asset's cost over its useful life, reducing its value on the balance sheet.
In addition, the value of an asset's useful life and residual value may alter over time, necessitating recalculation of depreciation for both current and future periods.
Depreciation is recalculated when there is a change in an asset's useful life and residual value. So, both useful life and/or residual value may change and cause deprecation for current and future periods to be recalculated. When a company has a fixed asset, it should prepare for depreciation, which will reduce the asset's value over time.
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15.
Suppose sudden and unexpected (but from a reputable source) news
headlines announce a substantial drop in the demand for a firm's
products. Which of the following will likely be true?
If a sudden and unexpected (but from a reputable source) news headlines announce a substantial drop in the demand for a firm's products, it is likely to experience a decrease in its production costs. It is also likely that the supply will exceed the demand, which leads to a surplus.
This, in turn, will cause the price of the products to decrease.The firm will also have to reduce its output in the short run. The fall in demand can lead to lower profits or even losses for the firm. This will force the firm to reduce its labor force and investments. A drop in demand can also lead to reduced economic activity in the region or even the whole country.The firm may also be required to adjust its marketing strategy to increase demand for its products. For example, it may have to undertake aggressive marketing campaigns to promote its products.
Alternatively, the firm can also opt to discontinue the production of products with low demand to minimize losses.In conclusion, sudden and unexpected (but from a reputable source) news headlines announce a substantial drop in the demand for a firm's products leads to a fall in profits, excess supply, reduced economic activity, and a drop in price.
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The first quarter of the year is Owen’s favorite time. Owen Poole is a certified public accountant (CPA) and he loves the tax season. Although he understands that tax reform would be best for everyone if it simplified the process, he is glad that the idea of reform has been just talk. Owen enjoys the challenge of figuring out what deductions clients can take and how to maximize his clients’ tax refunds. Owen sees it as a battle between himself and the internal revenue service. The only thing Owen likes more than the challenge itself is winning! When Owen was earning his degree in accounting he took several electives in other business topics. One of his favorite ones was supply chain management. Owen enjoyed the big picture perspective this course emphasized. Understanding business from a broad perspective is crucial to Owen’s own business because many of his clients are businesses, not individuals. As part of his services, Owen gives advice to his business clients on how to improve their bottom line. He explains to them that he will search out every penny possible in deductions to enhance their bottom line. However, he explains that they can help themselves by implementing more effective and efficient processes within their business. Although Owen isn’t an expert in many of these processes, he understands enough to point his clients in the right direction. Since a significant portion of Owen’s clients are small businesses, often just a few years old, his advice is helpful and very welcomed. Today Owen is meeting with Van Ward. Van’s business has been growing very rap-idly. As Owen reviews Van’s financial statements he notices that Van’s profit has been decreasing slightly despite his company’s growth. Van’s financial statements tell Owen a lot. He knows that there has not been much invested in resource planning systems. Consequently, as Van’s business has grown, so have the inefficiencies. Owen decided that will be the topic for today to help Van understand the need for investment in this area.
Discussion Questions
Put yourself in Owen’s position. What questions would you ask Van to better under-stand his needs concerning resource planning?
Enterprise resource planning software is expensive. As Owen, you know that Van cannot afford to buy and implement a complete ERP system. In your opinion, what two common modules of an ERP system do you believe are the most crucial to any business? Provide a recommendation to Van, justifying your choice of the two modules for his business. How does the investment potentially benefit him?
Currently, Van is using a chase production strategy. Owen believes that this is an inefficient strategy. Do you agree with Owen? If so, what option would you recommend to Van? If you disagree with Owen, explain why Van is on the right track with his strategy.
As Owen, some questions that can be asked to Van to better understand his needs concerning resource planning are:
What is the scale of his business?
What are the areas of his business that are in need of improvement?
What are his goals for the business in the coming years?
What is his budget for resource planning?
What is the expected return on investment for the business after implementing resource planning?
Two common modules of an ERP system that are crucial to any business are:
1. Accounting module: This module helps in keeping track of all financial transactions, generating financial reports, managing accounts receivable and accounts payable, and managing payroll.
2. Inventory management module: This module helps in managing inventory levels, tracking inventory movement, forecasting demand, and managing orders. These two modules are essential for any business as they help in maintaining accurate financial records and managing inventory levels. Van can benefit from implementing these modules by gaining better control over his finances and inventory, reducing errors, and improving efficiency.
Currently, Van is using a chase production strategy, which may not be the most efficient strategy. It is an inefficient strategy because it relies on production being triggered by customer orders. This can lead to overproduction, long lead times, and stockouts. A better option for Van would be to adopt a pull production strategy. This strategy relies on production being triggered by actual demand rather than forecasts. This can help Van to reduce lead times, improve inventory management, and increase efficiency.
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Read the following excerpts. Identify whether the policy action is fiscal or monetary and expansionary or contractionary. Draw and label the change that would occur on the AD/AS graph as a result of the policy action described in each. Identify what will happen as a result of the policy to the price level, employment, and real GDP
Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. Expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and/or decreasing taxes, while contractionary fiscal policy involves decreasing government spending and/or increasing taxes.
The question does not include any excerpts, we cannot provide the required answer. However, I can provide you with some general information about fiscal and monetary policies and their effects on the economy.Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.
Expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and/or decreasing taxes, while contractionary fiscal policy involves decreasing government spending and/or increasing taxes.
Expansionary fiscal policy is used to stimulate economic growth, while contractionary fiscal policy is used to slow down economic growth.
Meanwhile, monetary policy refers to the use of the central bank's tools to influence the economy. Expansionary monetary policy involves increasing the money supply and decreasing interest rates, while contractionary monetary policy involves decreasing the money supply and increasing interest rates.
Expansionary monetary policy is used to stimulate economic growth, while contractionary monetary policy is used to slow down economic growth.
In terms of their effects on the economy, expansionary fiscal and monetary policies both lead to an increase in aggregate demand, which causes an increase in real GDP, higher employment, and higher prices.
Conversely, contractionary fiscal and monetary policies both lead to a decrease in aggregate demand, which causes a decrease in real GDP, lower employment, and lower prices.
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on a part of the demand curve where the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, a decrease in price
a. is impossible
b. will increase total revenue
c. will decrease total revenue
d. decreases quantity demanded
The answer is option c) will decrease total revenue. Elasticity of demand refers to how the change in price impacts the demand for the good. In other words, it is the responsiveness of the demand for a good or service to the changes in price.
The elasticity of demand can be classified into three types based on the degree of responsiveness:Unitary Elasticity: When the change in price of a good is directly proportional to the change in demand, then it is called unitary elasticity. It means the price elasticity of demand is equal to 1.Elastic Demand: When the percentage change in demand for a good is greater than the percentage change in price, then it is called elastic demand. It means the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1.
Inelastic Demand: When the percentage change in demand for a good is less than the percentage change in price, then it is called inelastic demand. It means the price elasticity of demand is less than 1. Therefore, when the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, it is said to be inelastic. An inelastic demand curve is steeper, indicating that a change in price does not significantly impact the demand for the good.So, option c) is the correct answer.
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why do you think that it is important to study
money,banking and financial market
It is important to study money, banking, and financial markets because they are the backbone of modern economies. Money is the medium of exchange used in transactions and is essential for economic growth. Banking is an important institution that provides various financial services, such as deposits, loans, and credit, which contribute to economic growth.
Studying money, banking, and financial markets also helps individuals to manage their personal finances better. By understanding the basics of financial markets and how they operate, individuals can make informed investment decisions and grow their wealth. Additionally, understanding the banking system can help individuals better manage their finances and avoid costly mistakes, such as taking on too much debt or using credit unwisely.
In conclusion, studying money, banking, and financial markets is important because they are essential for economic growth and play a crucial role in personal finance. Understanding these concepts is also necessary for policymakers and regulators to maintain stable financial systems. Therefore, students who wish to pursue careers in finance, economics, or business should consider studying money, banking, and financial markets in more than 100 words.
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Why is ethics critical to successful strategic planning in the
21st century?
In the 21st century, ethics is critical to successful strategic planning. Below are some of the reasons why ethics is critical to successful strategic planning: Ethics sets the tone for decision making: Ethical values and principles establish the tone and context for decision-making in strategic planning.
They also assist leaders in maintaining their principles and ensuring that their behaviour aligns with their organization's objectives. Ethical considerations should be a part of strategic planning discussions, as they can help establish a shared vision and guide decision-making.Corporate social responsibility is enhanced: Corporate social responsibility is a significant aspect of successful strategic planning in the 21st century. The focus on sustainability, responsibility, and environmental protection is one example. These responsibilities are critical to the long-term success of businesses in the 21st century, which rely on the support of their stakeholders, such as employees, consumers, and investors. Ethics helps businesses to balance their social responsibilities with their corporate objectives.Business risk is reduced: Ethical considerations can be a critical factor in assessing risk in strategic planning. Leaders who value ethical considerations when making decisions are more likely to be proactive in addressing the risks that they identify. Ethical considerations are also useful in crisis management and can assist companies in navigating through difficult times.Stronger organizational culture is developed: Organizations that place a strong emphasis on ethics have a better chance of developing a positive culture, which is critical to success in the 21st century. A strong ethical culture can enhance employee engagement, reduce turnover, and boost productivity.
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Please explain and provide three (3) examples of how hoteliers and revenue manager measure performance in hotels?
Hoteliers and revenue managers use various tools and metrics to measure the performance of hotels. Some of the commonly used metrics to measure performance in hotels are Average Daily Rate (ADR), Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR), and Occupancy Rate (OR).
Below are three examples of how hoteliers and revenue managers measure performance in hotels:
1. Average Daily Rate (ADR): This metric calculates the average room rate sold per night. It is obtained by dividing the total room revenue by the number of rooms sold. ADR is used by hoteliers and revenue managers to evaluate the average amount a hotel charges per room.
2. Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR): This metric measures the revenue generated per available room. It is obtained by multiplying ADR and Occupancy Rate (OR). It gives hoteliers and revenue managers an idea of the revenue generated by the hotel based on the number of available rooms.
3. Occupancy Rate (OR): This metric measures the percentage of rooms occupied in a hotel over a period of time. It is calculated by dividing the total number of rooms sold by the total number of rooms available. Hoteliers and revenue managers use OR to evaluate the demand for hotel rooms during a specific period of time.
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after receiving financial information about the riding toy division at rainbow toys, management is considering closing the riding toy division. the division generated revenues of $950,500, the contribution margin was $239,800, and division income was ($162,700). however management discovered that $395,200 of corporate fixed overhead has been allocated to the division and included in the computation of division income. with this additional information, should rainbow close the riding toy division? why or why not?
The revised division income after considering the allocated fixed overhead is $232,500.
To determine whether Rainbow Toys should close the riding toy division, to recalculate the division's income by considering the allocation of corporate fixed overhead. The allocated fixed overhead may impact the division's profitability and decision-making.
Given information:
Revenues of the riding toy division = $950,500
Contribution margin = $239,800
Division income (before considering fixed overhead) = ($162,700)
Corporate fixed overhead allocated to the division = $395,200
Let's calculate the revised division income:
Division Income (after considering fixed overhead) = Division Income (before fixed overhead) + Allocated Fixed Overhead
Division Income (after considering fixed overhead) = ($162,700) + $395,200
Division Income (after considering fixed overhead) = $232,500
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Oxygen Corp. uses process costing for its departments. During the month, Department A had total costs of $550,000. Of this amount, $305,000 related to direct materials and $245,000 to conversion. Department A had 100,000 total equivalent units of direct materials and 200,000 for conversion. What is the cost per equivalent unit for conversion? 1) $1.83 2) $1.53 3) $2.45 4) $1.23 On a CVP graph, the slope of the sales revenue line is equal to: 1) the contribution margin. 2) the sales price. 3) the intersection of the axis. 4) total revenue.
Oxygen Corp. uses process costing for its departments. During the month, Department A had total costs of $550,000. Of this amount, $305,000 related to direct materials and $245,000 to conversion. Department A had 100,000 total equivalent units of direct materials and 200,000 for conversion.
The cost per equivalent unit for conversion can be calculated as follows: Cost per equivalent unit for conversion= Total conversion costs/Equivalent units of conversion Total conversion costs = $245,000Equivalent units of conversion= 200,000Cost per equivalent unit for conversion= $245,000/200,000= $1.23
Hence, the cost per equivalent unit for conversion is $1.23.On a CVP graph, the slope of the sales revenue line is equal to the sales price. The Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis is an analytical approach used to understand the correlation between cost, revenue, and volume and their impact on profit levels and sales of a company.
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A manufacturer offers an inventor the choice of two contracts for the exclusive right to manufacture and market the inventor's patented design. Plan 1 calls for an immediate single payment of $59,578. Plan 2 calls for an annual payment of $1,594 plus a royalty of $1.91 for each unit sold. The remaining life of the patent is 10 years. MARR is 10% per year. What must be the uniform annual sales to make Plan 1 and Plan 2 equally attractive?
Uniform annual sales that will make Plan 1 and Plan 2 equally attractive are $ 16,736. Explanation: Present worth of Plan 1: Since this plan is offering an immediate single payment, the present worth of Plan 1 would be $ 59,578. Present worth of Plan
2: Since Plan 2 is offering an annual payment along with a royalty for each unit sold, it would be difficult to find out the present worth of this plan without the knowledge of the number of units that will be sold.
Hence, it is important to find out the uniform annual sales that will make both plans equally attractive. For this purpose, let x be the uniform annual sales. Royalty for each unit sold is $ 1.91.
Number of units sold in a year is x. Hence, the royalty income in a year will be $ 1.91 x. The net cash inflow in a year is the sum of annual payment and royalty income. Net cash inflow =[tex]$ 1,594 + $ 1.91 x[/tex].
Using the formula to calculate the present worth of an annuity, present worth of Plan 2 would be as follows:
[tex]PW = A(1-PVIFAi,n)+RV(1+i)-n[/tex]
where,PW = present worth
A = net cash inflow in a yeari = MAR
Rn = number of years
RV = residual value (which is zero in this case)By substituting the values in the formula,
PW [tex]= (1594 + 1.91 x) [1 - (1 + 0.1)-10 / 0.1] + 0= 9,807.95 + 14.1892 x[/tex].
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product planners need to consider products and services on three levels. at the second level, product planners must ________.
At the second level, product planners must focus on product attributes and features to meet customer needs and differentiate from competitors. These factors shape customer perceptions and influence purchasing decisions, making them crucial for success in the market.
Product planners must focus on product attributes and features at the second level. This involves determining the specific characteristics and qualities of the product or service that will meet customer needs and differentiate it from competitors.
At the second level, product planners need to delve into the details of the product or service and identify the attributes and features that will resonate with the target market. These attributes can range from functional aspects such as performance, quality, and reliability to more intangible elements like design, packaging, and branding. By carefully considering these factors, product planners can create a compelling value proposition that appeals to customers and sets the product apart from competitors.
Product attributes play a crucial role in shaping customer perceptions and influencing purchasing decisions. For example, in the smartphone industry, product planners consider attributes such as camera quality, battery life, and user interface to attract tech-savvy consumers. In the automobile industry, factors like safety features, fuel efficiency, and interior comfort become critical attributes that product planners must carefully address. By understanding customer preferences and market trends, product planners can identify the attributes that will drive customer satisfaction and loyalty.
In summary, at the second level, product planners must assess and define the specific attributes and features of the product or service that will create value for customers and differentiate it from competitors. These attributes serve as key decision-making criteria for consumers and contribute to the overall success of the product in the market.
Keywords: product attributes, features, differentiation, value proposition, customer satisfaction, branding, market trends.
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Rebecca and you are on the Marketing team for "Juju on that Beat", a relatively new urban-themed clothing line. After the successful launch of this new brand, the marketers have conducted consumer research to assess how the brand is doing. The new brand is doing well, and target consumers express a lot of satisfaction with the product once they try it. However, the brand name does not show up in any recall checks when the marketers ask consumers to come up with urban-themed apparel brand names. Rebecca, the Brand manager, is very surprised by this finding and thinks that the research is flawed. "How can a consumer express satisfaction with a brand, and yet not recall the brand name when asked?" she asks. You, the Consumer Insights manager, is nonplussed. You suggest that it is not at all surprising and the research is not flawed. This is because you know that consumers do not store brand information in long-term memory, unless spreading activation takes place. Which of the following are not factors that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory?
Spreading activation is the process that takes place in the brain when the recall of information occurs. It is not at all surprising that consumers might express satisfaction with a brand, and yet not recall the brand name when asked.
Consumers do not store brand information in long-term memory unless the activation process takes place.
Factors that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory are as follows:
Enhanced emotion: This is the most important factor that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory. The enhanced emotion can be positive or negative depending on the situation.
Importance: The information that is considered important is easily remembered by the brain. Therefore, the importance of the brand can also drive the activation process to strengthen long-term memory.
Emphasis: This refers to the repetition of the information. The more information is repeated, the more the brain is inclined to remember it.
Significance: This refers to the information that is of great interest to the individual. The brain is more likely to remember information that is of great significance.
In conclusion, the factors that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory are enhanced emotion, importance, emphasis, and significance.
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International investing Multiple Choice cannot be measured against a passive benchmark, such as the S\&P 500 . can be measured against a widely-used index of non-U.S. stocks, the EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East). can be measured against international indexes. can be measured against a widely-used index of non-U.S. stocks, the EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East), and against international indexes.
Comparing international investing to a passive benchmark like the S&P 500 is impossible. Instead, it can be compared to other foreign indices as well as the popular non-US stock index known as the EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East).
An investor that engages in international investing purchases assets that are situated abroad. Due to the nature of international investment, it cannot be compared to a passive benchmark like the S&P 500, which is made up only of US stocks. Instead, foreign investing can be evaluated against global indices, such the popular EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East) index of non-US equities.
The performance of publicly traded businesses in Europe, Australasia, and the Far East is gauged by the EAFE Index, an equity index.
The EAFE Index comprises approximately 1,000 stocks from 21 countries, with Japan accounting for the largest weighting. It provides investors with a benchmark for assessing the performance of their international investments.
It is widely accepted by investors as the most representative index of non-US stocks. The MSCI World Index, which includes companies from 23 developed countries, is another commonly used benchmark for international investing.
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a company issued a $500,000, 12 percent, 90-day note payable to acquire an office building. what is the maturity value of the note that the company will pay on the maturity date? group of answer choices
The maturity value of the note that the company will pay on the maturity date is $561,650.
The maturity value of a note payable is the total amount that the company will pay on the maturity date.
In this case, the company issued a $500,000, 12 percent, 90-day note payable to acquire an office building.
To calculate the maturity value, we need to consider the principal amount, the interest rate, and the time period.
First, let's calculate the interest on the note. The interest is calculated using the formula:
Interest = Principal * Interest Rate * Time
Principal = $500,000
Interest Rate = 12% (or 0.12 as a decimal)
Time = 90 days (or 90/365 years, since it's less than a year)
Interest = $500,000 * 0.12 * (90/365)
Next, we calculate the maturity value by adding the interest to the principal amount:
Maturity Value = Principal + Interest
Maturity Value = $500,000 + Interest
Substituting the calculated value for interest:
Maturity Value = $500,000 + ($500,000 * 0.12 * (90/365))
Simplifying the expression:
Maturity Value = $500,000 + ($500,000 * 0.12 * 0.2466)
Maturity Value = $500,000 + ($61,650)
Maturity Value = $561,650
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Leriba Auto Company (LAC) manufactures car components and is based in South
Africa. The Company’s CEO has decided to see what opportunities there are for
exporting and establishing operations in Nigeria. Assess the country’s recent economic
conditions related to GDP, inflation, interest rates, currency value, and employment. As
a consultant of LAC, what advice would you give the CEO, based on how these
economic factors may attract or deter foreign investment
NB The following marking rubric will be used to mark this Assignment:
· content reflection demonstrated in critical thinking in terms of analysing and
applying global business concepts (55 marks)
· personal growth is demonstrated in awareness of deeper meaning through
inferences made, examples, well-developed insights, and substantial depth in
perceptions and arguments. Demonstrated also by an ability to synthesise current
experience into future implications. · Quality of evidence (sources) used for the assignment; and documentation:
The Nigerian economy has been experiencing high levels of economic growth in recent years. The country's GDP has increased significantly over the past decade, with a growth rate of around 2.27 percent in 2019. Inflation rates in Nigeria have been relatively high in recent years, with rates exceeding 11 percent in 2019. High inflation rates can deter foreign investment as they increase the cost of doing business.
Interest rates in Nigeria have been relatively stable over the past decade. In 2019, the interest rate was 13.5 percent, which is quite high compared to other developing countries. However, high-interest rates can attract foreign investment as they provide a higher return on investment.
The Nigerian currency has been volatile in recent years, with significant fluctuations against the US dollar. The currency value has been declining steadily in recent years, which can deter foreign investment as it increases the uncertainty of investing in the country.
Employment in Nigeria has been a significant issue in recent years, with high levels of unemployment and underemployment. This could deter foreign investment as it increases the risk of social unrest, which can affect the stability of the investment.
Based on these economic factors, LAC's CEO should approach the Nigerian market with caution. The high inflation rates and declining currency value may increase the cost of doing business and reduce profitability. However, stable interest rates may provide an attractive investment opportunity for LAC. Additionally, the CEO should evaluate the employment situation carefully to ensure that the investment is stable and secure.
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Explain more detail about Interviewing and Use Case Diagram
Interviewing and Use Case Diagram are important concepts that are used in the field of software engineering and system analysis. Interviewing refers to the process of asking questions to stakeholders or end-users to obtain information and requirements that can help to create an effective system. A use case diagram is a graphical representation that is used to describe the interactions between a system and its users.
Interviewing: Interviewing is a vital tool in the field of system analysis. It is used to extract information about the system, its users, and their requirements. The interviewer asks questions that can help to identify the goals and objectives of the system. The interviewer can also use the information obtained from the interviews to create use cases and use case diagrams.
Use Case Diagram: A use case diagram is a graphical representation of the interactions between a system and its users. It is a high-level view of the system that shows the functionality of the system and its users. The diagram consists of actors, use cases, and relationships.
Actors are the entities that interact with the system. They can be users or other systems. Actors are represented by stick figures in the diagram.
Use cases represent the functionality of the system. They are the actions that the system performs to achieve its goals. Use cases are represented by ovals in the diagram.
Relationships represent the interactions between actors and use cases. They show the flow of information between the system and its users. Relationships are represented by arrows in the diagram.
In conclusion, Interviewing and Use Case Diagram are important concepts that are used in the field of software engineering and system analysis. Interviewing is the process of asking questions to stakeholders or end-users to obtain information and requirements that can help to create an effective system. A use case diagram is a graphical representation that is used to describe the interactions between a system and its users.
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9) Consider a credit boom where bank lending increases
a) What is likely to happen to the money supply? Explain.
b) Explain whether such a boom would more likely be inflationary or deflationary.
c) Given your answer from (b), would borrowers or lenders more likely benefit?
a) When there is a credit boom, bank lending increases. Consequently, the money supply is also likely to increase. The reason for this is that bank lending tends to increase when people and businesses borrow more money.
This money is then spent, leading to an increase in the economy's total spending, as well as an increase in the money supply. Thus, the money supply and bank lending are positively related. b) When there is a credit boom, it is more likely to be inflationary.
This is because a credit boom increases the supply of money, making it easier for people to borrow and spend money. This can lead to an increase in demand for goods and services, resulting in an increase in prices. The increase in demand and prices can further lead to wage increases, thus increasing production costs, which would increase the prices further.
Therefore, a credit boom is more likely to be inflationary than deflationary.c) The answer from (b) implies that borrowers are more likely to benefit from a credit boom. This is because an inflationary boom causes an increase in prices, which can lead to an increase in asset prices.
Hence, borrowers who took loans would need to pay back the loans in lower-valued dollars, while asset prices would rise. However, lenders would likely suffer losses as the money they lent out would be worth less than what they expected.
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Pandora corporation has purchased currency call options to hedge a 66,500 euro payable. The premium is $0.05 (per unit of euro) and the exercise price of the option is $1.55 per euro. If the spot rate at the time of maturity is $1.51 per euro, what is the total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally (after accounting for the premium paid)? a. $104,000 b. $100,415
c. $106,400
d. $103,740
Pandora Corporation, to hedge its 66,500 euro payable, has acquired currency call options. The option's exercise price is 1.55 per euro, and the premium is 0.05 per euro.
We must determine the total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally (after accounting for the premium paid) when the spot rate at the time of maturity is 1.51 per euro.
Maturity is the option's expiration date. The option's buyer may select whether or not to exercise the option on or before the expiration date. It indicates the length of time an option has to exercise its rights. The alternative, when exercised, provides the holder the right to purchase an underlying asset at the predetermined price.
Otherwise, the option expires worthlessly.
Premium = 0.05 × 66,500= 3,325 The spot rate at the time of maturity is 1.51 per euro. It refers to the cost of purchasing one euro in the current market.
We must now determine if the option will be exercised by comparing the spot price to the strike price:
The total amount paid by the corporation is the premium paid of 3,325.Option total cost = Premium paid = 3,325
The total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally (after accounting for the premium paid) when the spot rate at the time of maturity is 1.51 per euro is 3,325. option total cost = Premium paid = 3,325. Thus, option total cost is equal to 3,325. Option total cost = Premium paid = 3,325.
Hence, option total cost is equal to 3,325.
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Fanning Company reported the following operating results for two consecutive years: Required Compute each income statement component for each of the two years as a percent of sales. Note: Percentages may not add exactly due to rounding. Round your answers to 1 decimal place. (i.e., 0.234 should be entered as 23.4).
We can calculate each income statement component as a percent of sales by dividing each component by the sales for each year.
How to find?This is shown below:
Year 1:
Year 2:
Sales
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
Cost of goods sold
2,400,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.60 or 60%
3,000,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.60 or 60%
Gross profit
1,600,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.40 or 40%
2,000,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.40 or 40%
Operating expenses
950,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.2375 or 23.8%
1,100,000 / $5,000,000
= 0.22 or 22%
Income before taxes
650,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.1625 or 16.3%
900,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.18 or 18%
Income taxes
260,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.065 or 6.5%360,000 / $5,000,000
= 0.072 or 7.2%
Net income
390,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.0975 or 9.8%
540,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.108 or 10.8%
Therefore, we have calculated the income statement component as a percent of sales for each of the two years as shown above.
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The balance sheet data of Coronado Industries at the end of 2021 and 2020 follow: Land was acquired for $203000 in exchange for common stock, par $203000, during the year; all equipment purchased was for cash. Equipment costing $23000 was sold for $9000; book value of the equipment was $18000 and the loss was reported as an ordinary item in net income. Cash dividends of $29000 were charged to retained earnings and paid during the year; the transfer of net income to retained earnings was the only other entry in the Retained Earnings account. In the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, for Coronado Industries: The net cash provided (used) by financing activities was $121000.
$−0.
$(56000).
$(29000).
The net cash provided (used) by financing activities was $121,000 according to Coronado Industries' statement of cash flows for the fiscal year that ended on December 31, 2021.
This indicates that Coronado Industries produced a net positive cash flow from its financing activities for the entire year. The management of the company's financial structure and efforts to raise cash are examples of financing activities.A positive net cash flow from financing activities indicates that the company's financing activities generated more cash than they consumed. This could involve actions like issuing stock, acquiring credit or loans, or paying off debt. The $121,000 shows that these financing actions resulted in a net cash inflow for the company.
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QUESTION FOUR [25] Read the following text and answer the questions that follow: The year is 2010 and times were good. The business environment was vibrant and the economy strong. Large businesses are committing large amounts of capital and resources to implement new strategies, establish new capabilities, and open new markets. It was no different at PintCo, where Jack works as a Director of Customer Relationship Management. Jack walked into work on Monday morning like any other. He dropped his briefcase in his office, grabbed a cup of coffee and headed down the hall to meet with his boss, Brandon, about one of the company's troubled projects. Although Jack had substantial experience, he had only recently joined PintCo after being hired away from a chief competitor. He was still learning about some of the nuances of his current employer. After the typical morning banter, Brandon and Jack got to the topic at hand. "Jack, I'll get straight to the point. I need to you to take over the Customer Master File project from Paul." Brandon said. He continued, "We hired you because of your significant project management expertise. I know that POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT ACADEMIC AND ASSESSMENT CALENDAR REGENT BUSINESS SCHOOL (RBS) JAN 2022 29 you've turned around a lot more difficult situations than this." Over an hour later, Jack emerged from Brandon's office and set out to learn more about the challenge that Brandon had posed to him. Jack was an experienced business leader and project manager. He had seen more than his fair share of ugly projects; some he turned around while others had spun hopelessly out of control. He would be able to tell very quickly how this one would go based on the makeup and culture of the project team. Troubled Waters Over the course of the next few weeks, Jack took over the Customer Master File project, met with key project team members, and conducted dozens of interviews with key stakeholders. It was only a few weeks since Brandon had handed the keys to him for this troubled project, and now Jack was back in Brandon's office to give a rather stark update on the situation. "Brandon, I've talked to the project team and to key stakeholders, and I know why this project is in trouble," Jack started. "If you truly want me to turn this project around, I'll need your support to make some critical changes." Brandon, a 20-year veteran at PintCo, knew what was coming. He had seen too many projects start, flounder, and then fail at the company. He didn't want to hear that another project was on the brink of failure, but he asked anyway, "What did you find out, Jack, and what can I do to help?" Jack drew a deep breath and began to explain his findings. "Brandon, as you know this project has been in flight for nearly 6 months now and it is already behind schedule and over budget." Jack went on, "In talking to the project team and other stakeholders, I don't see the situation getting better without making some pretty significant changes." Jack's experience helped him to quickly identify a number of critical issues with the project, which he carefully outlined for Brandon: "The scope of the project is not well defined," "The IT architects are sitting in their ivory towers and disagree with the project's direction," POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT ACADEMIC AND ASSESSMENT CALENDAR REGENT BUSINESS SCHOOL (RBS) JAN 2022 30 "The project team is not functioning as a team," "There is a lack of clear executive sponsorship, and" "Steve from Marketing is trying to manipulate this project for his own political gain." "I'm not going to sugar coat this for you Brandon," Jack explained. "I've seen this situation far too often in my career, and if we don't change the situation this project will fail in glorious fashion.
" Questions:
4.1 The project scope statement includes deliverables that the project must produce to fulfil requirements. Construct a well-defined scope for the above project. (15)
4.2 Identify the risks and develop a risk action plan for this project. (1
In this text, Jack, a Director of Customer Relationship Management, is tasked with taking over a troubled project at PintCo.
He identifies several critical issues with the project, including a poorly defined scope, disagreement among IT architects, a dysfunctional project team, a lack of clear executive sponsorship, and political manipulation by someone from Marketing. Jack emphasizes the need for significant changes to prevent the project from failing. The text highlights the challenges faced by Jack and the importance of addressing these issues to turn the project around and ensure its success.
In summary, the text introduces Jack, who is assigned to turn around a troubled project at PintCo. He identifies multiple critical issues with the project, such as scope definition problems, disagreement among IT architects, a dysfunctional team, lack of executive sponsorship, and political manipulation. Jack emphasizes the necessity for significant changes to prevent the project from failing in a grand manner.
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Doral Division of Resorts International reported net operating profit after taxes totaling $120,000 in 2017. The cost of capital is 10.5 percent and the invested capital is $560,000. R&D incurred in 2017 was $100,000. The company's policy is to amortize intangible assets over 4 years. The income tax rate is 30 percent. How much is the company's economic value added for 2017? a. $75,825 b. $105,825 c. $825 d. $70,825
Economic value added (EVA) refers to a financial performance measure that indicates the amount of net operating profit that exceeds the cost of invested capital in a business.
Economic value added takes into account the opportunity cost of invested capital in the overall performance of the company.
In order to calculate the company's economic value added for 2017 we need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT)
NOPAT = Net Operating Profit After Taxes = $120,000.00 * (1-0.30)
= $84,000.00
Step 2: Calculate the Adjusted Operating Profit (AOP)
Adjusted Operating Profit (AOP) = NOPAT + Interest Expense
= $84,000 + ($560,000 * 10.5%)
= $144,800
Step 3: Calculate the Adjusted Tax Rate (ATR)
Adjusted Tax Rate (ATR) = Tax Rate * (1-Intangible Amortization)
= 0.30 * (1-(1/4))
= 0.225
Step 4: Calculate the Capital Charge
Capital Charge = Invested Capital * Cost of Capital
= $560,000 * 10.5%
= $58,800
Step 5: Calculate the Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA = Adjusted Operating Profit - Capital Charge
EVA = $144,800 - $58,800
EVA = $86,000
Therefore, the economic value added for 2017 is $86,000.
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Alexa has contributed $1,887.00 every month for the last 12 years into an RRSP fund. The interest earned by these deposits was 8% compounded monthly for the first 3 years and 9% compounded monthly for the last 9 years.
How much money is currently in the RRSP?
The current amount in the RRSP is approximately $386,254.11.
To calculate the current amount in the RRSP, we need to consider the monthly contributions and the interest earned for each period separately.
First, let's calculate the amount accumulated in the RRSP for the first 3 years at an interest rate of 8% compounded monthly:
Step 1: Calculate the number of months in 3 years: 3 years * 12 months/year = 36 months
Step 2: Calculate the future value of monthly contributions at 8% interest compounded monthly for 36 months:
[tex]FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * [(1 + 0.08/12)^(36) - 1] / (0.08/12)\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * (1.006667^36 - 1) / 0.006667\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * (1.310031 - 1) / 0.006667\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * 0.310031 / 0.006667\\\\ FV = \$87,667.95[/tex]
Next, let's calculate the amount accumulated in the RRSP for the remaining 9 years at an interest rate of 9% compounded monthly:
Step 3: Calculate the number of months in 9 years: 9 years * 12 months/year = 108 months
Step 4: Calculate the future value of monthly contributions at 9% interest compounded monthly for 108 months:
[tex]FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * [(1 + 0.09/12)^(108) - 1] / (0.09/12)\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * (1.0075^108 - 1) / 0.0075\\\\ FV = $1,887 * (1.990458 - 1) / 0.0075\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * 0.990458 / 0.0075\\\\ FV = \$298,586.16[/tex]
Finally, let's calculate the total amount in the RRSP by summing up the amounts accumulated in each period:
The total amount in the RRSP = Amount accumulated in the first 3 years + Amount accumulated in the remaining 9 years
The total amount in the RRSP = [tex]\$87,667.95 + \$298,586.16[/tex]
The total amount in the RRSP ≈ $386,254.11
Therefore, the current amount in the RRSP is approximately $386,254.11.
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Suppose that a payday can only be on a weekday (Monday-Friday). For any payday on a weekend return the next workday as the new payday.
Place your calculation for the first "next workday" in cell H16.
Reference the table of federal holidays, the original payday, and the day of the week for the original payday when calculating the next workday.
Use error catching to return an empty cell if the payday is already on a weekday.
Reuse your formula to calculate the remaining paydays in the column.
***I Need the excel formula to calculate the New Payday***
The Excel formula to calculate the new payday in the given condition where a payday can only be on a weekday is given below:`=IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)<6,H15,IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)=6,H15+2,H15+1))`
To calculate the new payday according to the given condition of weekday, we need to use the WEEKDAY function of Excel. The WEEKDAY function of Excel returns a number representing the day of the week of a date.
The WEEKDAY function takes two arguments. The first argument is the date from which the day of the week needs to be determined. The second argument is optional and specifies the day that should be considered as the start of the week, such as Monday or Sunday. This second argument can be 1 to 7 where 1 is Sunday, 2 is Monday, 3 is Tuesday, and so on.
The formula that will calculate the new payday according to the given condition is:=IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)<6,H15,IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)=6,H15+2,H15+1))
In this formula, the IF function is used to check whether the payday is already on a weekday or not. If the payday is already on a weekday, then the formula will return the original payday as the new payday. Otherwise, the formula will calculate the next workday as the new payday and return it.
In the formula, H15 is the cell reference of the original payday date. The second argument of the WEEKDAY function is 2, which means that Monday is considered the start of the week. If the result of the WEEKDAY function is less than 6, then it means that the original payday is already on a weekday, and the formula will return the original payday. If the result of the WEEKDAY function is 6, then it means that the original payday is on a Saturday, and the formula will add 2 days to the original payday to get the next workday. If the result of the WEEKDAY function is 7, then it means that the original payday is on a Sunday, and the formula will add 1 day to the original payday to get the next workday.
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Why is control thought of as a "causal" variable in organizations?
Group of answer choices
The results of control efforts can improve planning.
Poorly administered controls can cause additional problems.
The analysis of control efforts help managers adapt to changes.
Control precedes the managerial functions of planning, organizing, and leading.
In an organization, control is regarded as a "causal" variable because it precedes the managerial activities of planning, organizing, and leading.
The process of making sure that company operations are carried out according to plan is known as control.
This involves defining criteria for efficiency, identifying areas where results aren't satisfactory, and taking remedial action to correct discrepancies.
Control's causal roleIn organizations, control is considered a "causal" variable because it precedes the managerial functions of planning, organizing, and leading.
Management personnel establish control processes in order to establish standards, assess actual performance, and take corrective actions.
Furthermore, control aids in the integration of organizational systems and the maintenance of equilibrium.
Overall, management employs control systems to monitor and adjust organizational processes, policies, and practices to ensure that the company's objectives are met.
This is why control is a "causal" variable in an organization.
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When you retire 50 years from now, you want to have $1.0 million. You think you can earn an average of 10.0 percent on your investments. To meet your goal, you are trying to decide whether to deposit a lump sum today, or to wait and deposit a lump sum 10 years from today. How much more will you have to deposit as a lump sum if you wait for 10 years before making the deposit? $15,379.94
$13,576.38
$16,284.79
$17,101.22
$14,716.28
When you retire 50 years from now, you want to have $1.0 million. You expect to earn an average of 10.0% on your investments. You are considering two options:
depositing a lump sum today or waiting for 10 years before making the deposit. The question is how much more you will have to deposit as a lump sum if you wait for 10 years.
We can use the Future Value formula to determine the required deposit amount. The formula is given by:
FV = PV x (1+i)^n
In this case:
FV = $1.0 million
n = 50 years
i = 10%
Let's calculate the required PV for both scenarios:
PV if deposited today:
FV/PV = (1+i)^n
FV/PV = (1+0.10)^50
FV/PV = 117.39
PV = FV / 117.39
PV = $1,000,000 / 117.39
PV = $8,516.64
PV if deposited 10 years from now:
FV/PV = (1+i)^n
FV/PV = (1+0.10)^40
FV/PV = 25.94
PV = FV / 25.94
PV = $1,000,000 / 25.94
PV = $38,896.58
The amount more required to deposit if waiting for 10 years = $38,896.58 - $8,516.64 = $30,379.94
Therefore, Option A is correct.
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Mars Industries has an all-equity capital structure and an unlevered cost of equity of 10%. The expected free cash flows of the company will be $16 million per year in perpetuity. The management is considering changing the capital structure by permanently increasing its debt to $40 million and using the borrowed fund to repurchase shares. The estimated cost of debt is 6% per year. The corporate tax rate is 30%. a. (0.5 mark) What is the current (unlevered) firm value of Mars Industries? b. (0.5 mark) What is the annual interest tax shield for March Industries after the change of the capital structure? c. What is the (levered) firm value of Mars Industries after the change of the capital structure? Show your work, e.g., Excel functions, formulas, and the numerical inputs, to earn partial marks.
a) To calculate the current (unlevered) firm value of Mars Industries, we use the formula for the present value of perpetuity.
Present value of perpetuity = Expected free cash flows
/ Cost of equity (unlevered)
PV = 16,000,000 / 10% = 160,000,000
The current (unlevered) firm value of Mars Industries is 160 million.
b) The annual interest tax shield for Mars Industries after the change of the capital structure is given by the formula:
Interest tax shield = Tax rate *
Interest expense= 0.3 * 2,400,000
= $720,000
The annual interest tax shield for Mars Industries after the change of the capital structure is 720,000.
c) The (levered) firm value of Mars Industries after the change of the capital structure can be calculated using the formula:
VL = VU + PV(interest tax shield) + PV(interest tax shield * Cost of equity (levered) )VU is the unlevered firm value, which is equal to 160 million from part (a).
PV(interest tax shield) = Annual interest tax shield
/ Cost of debt PV(interest tax shield)
= 720,000 / 0.06
= 12,000,000
Cost of equity (levered) = Cost of debt * (1 - Tax rate) + Beta * Equity risk premium
Cost of equity (levered)
= 0.06 * (1 - 0.3) + 1.2 * 0.08
= 0.1048VL
= 160,000,000 + 12,000,000 + 720,000
/ 0.1048= 182,291,015.6
The (levered) firm value of Mars Industries after the change of the capital structure is 182,291,015.6.
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XYZ Streaming services wants to be able to provide programming recommendations to their customers. What type of supervised data mining technique is most used?
a. linear regression model
b. classification and regression trees
c. Naïve Bayes classifiers
d. k nearest neighbors method
One of the most widely used supervised data mining techniques for programming recommendations to customers by streaming services is the classification and regression trees (CART) method. The CART model is one of the most commonly used supervised learning algorithms used in data mining.
It is a decision tree-based technique that includes a set of rules for sorting data into categories or predicting numerical values. It is commonly used for programming recommendations by streaming services by analyzing viewer behavior and content properties to provide personalized recommendations to their customers. The CART method is a popular approach in this area since it helps in predicting the probability of an event occurring and assists in making predictions and classifying data.
It is used for the identification of viewers’ preferences, as well as for predicting and classifying programs in a manner that is aligned with the behavior of their customers. The linear regression model, Naïve Bayes classifiers, and the k nearest neighbors method are also used in data mining but they are not specifically designed for programming recommendations to customers by streaming services.
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