The minimum wage is $81. Therefore, the correct option is b. $81.
Given below is the table illustrating the equilibrium wage:
Equilibrium wage P=$50
Wage increase 1 P=$60
Wage increase 2 P=$70
Wage increase 3 P=$80
Wage increase 4 P=$90
Wage increase 5 P=$100
From the table above, it is clear that the equilibrium wage is $50. It is important to note that the equilibrium wage is at the intersection of the demand and supply curves. Now, the government imposes a minimum wage. The effect of this will be as follows:The supply curve will remain the same.
The demand curve will not change if the minimum wage is less than or equal to the equilibrium wage. If it is more than the equilibrium wage, the demand curve will shift to the left.The minimum wage is equivalent to the wage increase that makes the demand curve tangent to the supply curve.
From the table above, we see that this occurs when P=$81.
Hence, the minimum wage is $81. Therefore, the correct option is b. $81.
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A community of practice is a social system in which individuals interact to share and develop knowledge. True (B) False \( \operatorname{Sin} \)
The statement "A community of practice is a social system in which individuals interact to share and develop knowledge" is true.
A community of practice is a group of people who come together to share and develop knowledge. This is a form of social learning that is organized around a common interest, a shared profession, or a specific domain of knowledge.
Members of the community learn from each other by sharing experiences, best practices, and the latest developments in their field.Individuals in a community of practice interact with each other to share and develop knowledge.
Members share a common interest in a particular area of expertise, and their interactions are based on mutual learning. They may share information, provide feedback on each other's work, and collaborate on projects.
The community of practice can also function as a forum for members to share challenges and receive feedback and support from others who have experienced similar problems.
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What social media campaign did Oreo create to celebrate their 100th Anniversary?
a) Creating and posting 100 pieces of shareable content created in 100 days.
b) Encouraging followers to create videos featuring Oreo cookies.
c) Giving away 100 free Oreo cookies to their top 100 followers.
d) Encouraging followers to post 100 reasons why they love Oreo cookies.
The correct answer is: a) Creating and posting 100 pieces of shareable content created in 100 days.
Oreo celebrated their 100th Anniversary by launching a social media campaign that involved creating and posting 100 pieces of shareable content over the span of 100 days. This campaign aimed to engage their audience and build excitement around the brand's milestone achievement. By consistently sharing content over a prolonged period, Oreo was able to maintain a strong online presence, spark conversations, and generate interest in their brand. This strategy allowed Oreo to leverage social media platforms to celebrate their anniversary while also connecting with their followers and fans in a meaningful way.
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Pappy's Potato has come up with a new product, the Potato Pet (they are freeze-drled to last longer). Pappy's pald $185.000 for a marketing survey to determine the viability of the product It is felt that Potato Pet will generate sales of $900,000 per year. The fixed costs associated with this will be $230.000 per year, and variable costs will amount to 18 percent of sales. The equipment necessary for production of the Potato Pet will cost $980,000 and will be depreciated in a straight-line manner for the four years of the product Iffe (as with alf fads, it is felt the sales will end quickly). This is the only initial cost for the production. Pappy's has a tax rate of 23 percent and a required return of 13 percent.
a. Caiculate the payback period for this project. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.9. 32.16. b. Calculate the NPV for this project. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 32.16. c. Calculate the IRR for this project. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g. 32.16.
Payback period: Payback period is a measure of the time it takes an investment to recover its cost. It is the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment.
Payback period can be calculated as follows: Payback period = Investment required / Annual net cash inflow where Annual net cash inflow = Cash inflow - Cash outflow Thus, the calculation of payback period is as follows:
[tex]Payback period = $1,165,000 / $900,000[/tex]
Payback period = 1.29 years b. NPV calculation: Net Present Value (NPV) measures the present value of future cash flows compared to the initial investment. A positive NPV implies that the investment generates more cash than the return required by the investor.
The formula to calculate the NPV is: NPV = Present value of cash inflows - Initial investment where, Present value of cash inflows = Cash inflow / (1 + Discount rate)^n
[tex]Annual cash inflow for the Potato Pet = 900,000 - (0.18 x 900,000) = $738,000[/tex]
Present value of cash inflows = 738,000 / (1 + 0.13)^2 = $576,634.91
[tex]For n = 3,Present value of cash inflows = 738,000 / (1 + 0.13)^3 = $508,525.[/tex]
[tex]59For n = 4,Present value of cash inflows = 738,000 / (1 + 0.13)^4 = $446,
945.64NPV = $651,769.91 + $576,634.91 + $508,525.59 + $446,945.64 - $1,[/tex]
[tex]165,000NPV = $18,875.05c. IRR[/tex]
IRR is a measure of the profitability of an investment. It is the discount rate at which the NPV of the project becomes zero. A higher IRR implies that the investment is more profitable.
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which are factors that can be used to quantify the competitive strengths of a diversified company's business subsidiaries?
Factors that can be used to quantify the competitive strengths of a diversified company's business subsidiaries include market share, profitability, growth rate, customer satisfaction, and talent and human resources.
These factors provide valuable insights into the competitive advantages and performance of the diversified company's subsidiaries. Market share indicates the subsidiary's position in the market, while profitability measures its financial success. Growth rate reflects its ability to expand, and customer satisfaction indicates its ability to meet customer needs. Technological capabilities, brand equity, and supply chain efficiency showcase competitive advantages, while talent and human resources highlight the quality and expertise within the subsidiary. Assessing these factors helps quantify and evaluate the competitive strengths of the diversified company's business subsidiaries.
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You want to examine the effects of whether micro- and small firms are formalised on the firms' profitability using data of about 6,000 firms in 50 industries in 2018 and 2019. You have the following variables in the data: return on assets (roa), a dummy variable for whether the firms are formalised (formal), total assets (assets), and number of workers (workers).
(a) Present and describe a fixed-effect model to examine the relationship. [50%]
(b) A classmate of yours suggests you should use a random-effect model instead. Describe the key different assumptions of fixed- and random-effect models and assess which assumption do you think is more likely to hold in the estimation of the relationship above. [50%]
(a) The fixed-effect model includes firm-specific fixed effects to examine the relationship between formalisation and profitability, controlling for time-invariant heterogeneity.
(b) The fixed-effect model is more suitable as it accounts for firm-specific factors that may affect both formalisation and profitability, addressing potential endogeneity issues.
(a) In the fixed-effect model, we include firm-specific fixed effects to capture time-invariant heterogeneity. This allows us to control for factors that are specific to each firm and remain constant over time. By including these fixed effects, we can better isolate the relationship between formalisation and profitability, considering the potential influence of unobservable firm-specific characteristics.
(b) The fixed-effect model is more appropriate in this case as the decision to formalise is likely influenced by firm-specific factors that may also impact profitability. By including fixed effects, we can address potential endogeneity issues and obtain more reliable estimates of the relationship between formalisation and profitability by isolating the within-firm variation.
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1. If you could design the perfect date, what activities, places, and/or environmental cues would you include to set the mood? Please share your results with your classmates. 2. Observe your environment for an hour. Make a list of mass communication messages you observe for a one hour period of time. Share your list here.
1. Designing the perfect date might differ from person to person. What might be a perfect date for one person may not be the same for the other person. However, to design a perfect date, some activities, places, and environmental cues could be included.
A few of them are listed below:
1. Picnic on the Beach:
A romantic picnic on the beach would be the perfect date idea for many people. The sound of the waves, the feeling of sand between your toes, and the salty breeze make for a calming and peaceful atmosphere.
2. A Beautiful Sunset:
Another perfect date idea is to watch the sunset together. It can be a beautiful experience to watch the sky change colors and the sun slowly disappear below the horizon.
3. Candlelight Dinner:
A candlelight dinner in a quiet restaurant could be the perfect way to set the mood for a romantic evening. Soft music playing in the background and dim lights would make the perfect ambiance for the date.
4. A Walk Under the Stars:
Going for a walk under the stars is another perfect date idea. Strolling hand in hand and gazing at the stars together could create a romantic atmosphere.
2. The mass communication messages observed in an hour can vary depending on the location and situation.
The messages that I could observe for an hour period are as follows:
1. Advertisements on TV and Radio
2. Billboards and posters promoting products
3. Social media advertisements
4. Flyers, posters, and billboards related to political campaigns
5. Product placements in TV shows and movies
6. Announcements made on the radio and TV
7. News articles and headlines
8. Display ads on the website
9. Public transport advertisements
10. Electronic displays outside shops and malls.
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Discuss the role of production and operations in SCM in detail.
The role of production and operations in supply chain management (SCM) is to ensure that products are produced efficiently and effectively. Production and operations include all the activities that go into the production of a product, from the sourcing of raw materials to the delivery of finished goods to the end customer. This process includes all the different stages of production, including design, development, production, and delivery.
Production and operations are responsible for managing the production process to ensure that it is cost-effective and efficient. They must also ensure that the production process is able to meet demand and that products are delivered to customers on time. To achieve this, production and operations managers must be able to manage all aspects of the production process, including inventory, logistics, and quality control. Production and operations are also responsible for ensuring that products are of high quality and meet the customer's needs. They must work closely with other departments, such as sales and marketing, to understand customer needs and develop products that meet those needs. This requires close collaboration between different departments, as well as a focus on continuous improvement and innovation.
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We spent a good deal of time tying the banking, housing and automobile industry collapses to one another through written and audio lectures. As noted, which of the following did NOT contribute to the economic/banking/housing collapse of 2008 ? (read these carefully) 1) Wealthier individuals often paid cash for their homes; thus, they did not have mortgages, therefore, their purchase escaped the being included in Mortgage Backed Securities. 2) Beginning in 1995, HUD regulations required Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to increase their holdings of loans to low and moderate income borrowers; which means banks offered more loans to folks who were not financially secure. 3) Tricky, Dr. Moorman.......All of the answers contributed significantly to the economic/banking/housing collapse of 2008. 4) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, two government sponsored entities (GSE), held a huge share of American mortgages (roughly 75\%) which were then securitized into Mortgage Backed Securities. 5) Housing and Urban Development (HUD) regulations imposed in 1999 required Fannie and Freddie to accept more loans with little or no down payment-as opposed to the conventional mortgage of 20% downpayment. During the recent "Great Recession" the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) increased the amount of individual protection to which each consumer is entitled at his or her financial institution from $100,000 to $250,000 in an attempt to do what? 1) Encourage consumers to put more money into the stock market. 2) Encourage consumers to take their money out of their banks. 3) Encourage consumers to leave their money in their financial institutions. 4) Discourage consumers from investing in international stocks. 5) None of the answers are correct.
The option that did NOT contribute to the economic/banking/housing collapse of 2008 is option 1, i.e Wealthier individuals often paid cash for their homes; thus, they did not have mortgages, therefore, their purchase escaped the being included in Mortgage Backed Securities.
The 2008 economic/banking/housing collapse was led by a series of factors. Some of the factors that led to the 2008 economic/banking/housing collapse include:Regulation deregulation: In 1999, the Glass-Steagall Act was abolished. This act was enacted after the Great Depression and separated commercial banks from investment banks. After its abolishment, investment banks could now invest in mortgages and create more products for mortgages. This lead to a rapid increase in the creation of mortgage-backed securities.
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) regulations: In 1999, HUD imposed regulations which required Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to accept more loans with little or no down payment as opposed to the conventional mortgage of 20% down payment. This increased the number of subprime loans by banks as they tried to keep up with the requirements imposed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
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PLEASE GIVE YOUR ANSWER AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH 2 SUPPORTED
REASONS
a. "Leasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm's cost of capital". Discuss briefly with TWO (2) supported reasons if you agree or disagree with the statement. (8 Marks)
Leasing is an agreement in which the owner of the asset permits another person or organization to use it for a certain period of time in exchange for payments.
According to some experts, leasing has several benefits. The statement “Leasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm’s cost of capital” can be agreed upon or disagreed with, depending on the context and reasoning. In this answer, we’ll discuss briefly why the statement can be agreed or disagreed with, with two supported reasons. Let’s begin.
Agree Leasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm's cost of capital. This statement is true in several situations. Here are two reasons to support this claim:1. Reduced RiskIn many cases, leasing reduces risk for firms. This is because the leasing firm is responsible for maintaining the leased asset in good condition. It also takes on the risk of any potential decline in the asset’s value.
Therefore, if a firm experiences a decline in profits or economic downturn, it is not bound by the asset’s ownership. Moreover, leased assets can be quickly replaced or upgraded. As a result, leasing reduces the overall risk profile of a company, which can reduce its cost of capital.
2. Tax Benefits Leasing can also provide tax benefits. This is because lease payments are tax-deductible. This allows a firm to reduce its taxable income, which can ultimately lower its cost of capital. Moreover, leasing firms can take advantage of tax benefits associated with depreciation, which is the process of allocating the cost of the asset over its useful life.
This allows firms to pay lower taxes, which can lower their cost of capital.DisagreeLeasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm's cost of capital. This statement may not be true in certain cases. Here are two reasons to support this claim:1. Higher Total CostWhile leasing may reduce the upfront cost of acquiring an asset, it can increase the total cost of ownership.
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Effective use of Supply Chain Management software is generally expected to provide all of the following benefits except:
Multiple Choice
a) Reduced inventory carrying costs.
b) Lower payroll costs.
c) Better communications with suppliers.
d) Lower production costs.
b) Lower payroll costs. Effective use of Supply Chain Management software is generally expected to provide all of the following benefits except:
The effective use of Supply Chain Management (SCM) software is generally expected to provide benefits such as reduced inventory carrying costs, better communications with suppliers, and lower production costs. However, lowering payroll costs is not directly associated with SCM software. Payroll costs primarily depend on factors such as labor wages, employee benefits, and workforce management practices, which are not directly influenced by SCM software. While SCM software can help optimize supply chain operations and improve efficiency, its primary focus is on enhancing supply chain processes rather than directly impacting payroll costs.
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CASE STUDY [30 Marks]
How to Avoid Being Part of 90% of Failed Companies
As an entrepreneur, you have probably heard or read the "maxim"
that only 10% of startups are successful, but is this true?
The statement that only 10% of startups are successful is a popular myth. Although there is no one definition for success, it is generally agreed that a successful startup is one that can sustainably generate profits over time. According to studies, the actual success rate for startups varies by industry, but it is generally around 20%.
Despite this higher success rate, it is still important to take steps to avoid becoming part of the 80% of startups that fail within their first 18 months. One key factor in startup failure is the lack of a solid business plan. Entrepreneurs should take the time to conduct market research and develop a detailed plan that includes information on the target audience, competition, marketing strategies, and financial projections.
Another common mistake is the failure to understand the importance of cash flow. Startups should focus on generating revenue early on and maintaining positive cash flow to avoid running out of funds. Entrepreneurs should also be willing to pivot their business model if necessary and learn from failures along the way.
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Union members who present themselves as job applicants and upon hiring organize from within the company, are referred to as ________.
a. free agents
b. salts
c. free riders
d. whistle-blowers
b. salts. The term "salt" is derived from the phrase "salting the workforce" with union sympathizers.
Union members who present themselves as job applicants and then organize from within the company are commonly known as "salts." Salting is a tactic used by unions to gain influence and organize employees within a company. Salts strategically apply for jobs to gain access to the workplace and advocate for unionization among the employees. By blending in as regular employees, they aim to build support and push for collective bargaining rights.
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On December 31,2020 , University Securty Inc. showed the following: 'All of the shares had been issued early in \( 2019 . \) Required: Part 1: Calculate book value per common share and preferred share
We must divide the different equity values by the number of existing shares in order to arrive at University Security Inc.'s book value per common share and per preferred share on December 31, 2020.
common share book value: The total equity (excluding preferred stock) is divided by the total number of outstanding common shares to arrive at the book value per common share. The equation is: Book value per common share = Common equity / Outstanding Common Shares. By dividing the total number of outstanding preferred shares by the preferred equity, the book value per preferred share is determined. The equation is: Book value per preferred share is calculated as (Preferred equity) / (Number of outstanding preferred shares). Describe the common equity and preferred equity values, please. I will be able to determine the book value per share for each class by taking into account the amount of equity) and the number of shares outstanding for both common and preference shares.
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4. Profit Hercules Films is also deciding on the price of the video release of its film Bride of the Son of Frankenstein. Again, marketing estimates that at a price of p dollars it can sell q=200,000−10,000p copies, but each copy costs $4 to make. What price will give the greatest profit?
A price of $12 will give the greatest profit for the video release of the film Bride of the Son of Frankenstein.
To determine the price that will give the greatest profit for the video release of the film, Bride of the Son of Frankenstein, we need to consider the profit function based on the given information.
Let's denote the price as 'p' in dollars, the number of copies sold as 'q', and the cost per copy as $4. The revenue generated from selling copies can be calculated as the product of the price and the number of copies sold: R = p * q.
The cost of producing the copies is given as $4 per copy, so the total cost can be calculated as the product of the cost per copy and the number of copies sold: C = 4q.
The profit can be calculated by subtracting the total cost from the revenue: Profit = R - C.
Substituting the expressions for revenue and cost, we get: Profit = (p * q) - (4q).
Simplifying the expression further, we have: Profit = pq - 4q.
To find the price that will yield the greatest profit, we need to maximize the profit function. We can achieve this by finding the value of 'p' that maximizes the expression pq - 4q.
Since q = 200,000 - 10,000p, we can substitute this expression into the profit function:
Profit = p(200,000 - 10,000p) - 4(200,000 - 10,000p).
Expanding and simplifying the equation, we obtain Profit = 200,000p - 10,000p^2 - 800,000 + 40,000p.
To find the maximum profit, we can differentiate the profit function with respect to 'p' and set it equal to zero:
d(Profit)/dp = 200,000 - 20,000p + 40,000 = 0.
Simplifying the equation, we get 20,000p = 240,000.
Solving for 'p', we find p = 12.
Therefore, a price of $12 will give the greatest profit for the video release of the film Bride of the Son of Frankenstein.
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Lodge Company makes cast-iron buckets. The following information is available for Lodge Company’s anticipated annual volume of 50,000 buckets.
Per Unit Total
Direct materials $20
Direct labor $10
Variable manufacturing overhead $25
Fixed manufacturing overhead $750,000
Variable selling and administrative expenses $18
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $450,000
The company has a desired ROI of 30%. It has invested assets of $5,500,000.
a. Compute the total cost per unit. b. Compute the desired ROI per unit. c. Compute the target selling price (to 2 decimals).
a. Compute the total cost per unit: Total Variable Cost per unit = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Variable Manufacturing Overhead + Variable Selling and Administrative Expenses
Total Variable Cost per unit = $20 + $10 + $25 + $18 = $73
Total Fixed Cost per unit = Fixed Manufacturing Overhead + Fixed Selling and Administrative Expenses
Total Fixed Cost per unit = $750,000 + $450,000 = $1,200,000
Total Cost per unit = Total Variable Cost per unit + Total Fixed Cost per unit
Total Cost per unit = $73 + $1,200,000 / 50,000
Total Cost per unit = $97.40
Answer: a. $97.40
b. Desired ROI per unit: Desired ROI per unit = Investment x ROI% / Volume
Desired ROI per unit = $5,500,000 x 30% / 50,000
Desired ROI per unit = $16.50
Answer: b. $16.50
c. Compute the target selling price (to 2 decimals):
Target Selling Price = Total Cost per unit + Desired ROI per unit
Target Selling Price = $97.40 + $16.50
Target Selling Price = $113.90 (rounded to two decimal places)
Answer:c. $113.90 (rounded to two decimal places)
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Describe an application of how hospitals use Lean for managing inventory.
Hospitals can utilize Lean for managing inventory to increase efficiency, reduce waste, and improve patient outcomes. An application of Lean for managing inventory is the Kanban system, which involves the use of cards to signal when inventory needs to be replenished.
These cards are placed in inventory areas and used to track the flow of inventory, allowing for real-time inventory management and reduction of excess inventory that can lead to waste. Kanban can be used to manage supplies, such as surgical instruments, by having them stored in designated locations with a fixed amount of inventory.
When an item is used, the Kanban card is removed and sent to the supply area to trigger replenishment. By implementing Kanban, hospitals can reduce inventory carrying costs, minimize stockouts, and ensure that the right supplies are available when needed.
Another application of Lean for managing inventory is the 5S system, which involves the organization of inventory by sort, set, shine, standardize, and sustain. This approach helps to reduce clutter, improve efficiency, and ensure that inventory is easily accessible when needed.
For example, by implementing the 5S system in the pharmacy, staff can locate medication quickly, reduce the risk of errors, and minimize waste by removing expired medication. Overall, Lean can be a valuable tool for hospitals to manage inventory, reduce waste, and improve patient outcomes.
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Champ Incorporated budgets the following sales in units for the coming two months. Each month's ending inventory of finished units should be 60% of the next month's sales. The April 30 finished goods inventory is 126 units. May June Budgeted sales units 210 250 Prepare the production budget for May Answer is not complete. CHAMP, INCORPORATED Production Budget May Budgeted sales units Add: Desired ending Inventory Budgeted sales units 210 126 X Total required units Less: Beginning inventory units Units to produce
The production budget is one of the critical parts of the manufacturing process of a company. It details how many units of a particular product are required to meet the company's sales target.
Champ Incorporated budgets the following sales in units for the coming two months. Each month's ending inventory of finished units should be 60% of the next month's sales. The April 30 finished goods inventory is 126 units. May June Budgeted sales units 210 250 Prepare the production budget for May.
Given the above data, the production budget of the Champ Incorporated for May is shown below: Calculation of Required Production Budget for May:Budgeted sales units (May) 210Add:
Desired ending inventory (June) (60% × 250) 150Total required units 360Less: Beginning inventory units (April) 126Units to produce (May) 234Units to produce = Total required units - Beginning inventory unitsUnits to produce = 360 - 126 = 234,
the required production budget for Champ Incorporated in May is 234 units. Hence, the answer is more than 100 words.
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If you decided to capitalize on the gig economy and pursue a portfolio-style career, what might be one benefit to you? How would you provide health care coverage, retirement accounts, paid sick days etc?
If one were to capitalize on the gig economy and pursue a portfolio-style career, one of the benefits would be that they would have greater control over their work schedule, work environment, and the projects they take on.
Working as a freelancer or independent contractor allows for more autonomy and flexibility when compared to traditional 9-5 jobs.
To provide health care coverage, gig workers can look into purchasing their own health insurance plans. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) allows for self-employed individuals to purchase health insurance through the Health Insurance Marketplace. This is a good option for those who don't have access to employer-sponsored health insurance.
Retirement accounts can be set up through various financial institutions, such as a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA .
Overall, while there are certainly challenges to providing benefits for oneself as a gig worker, the greater flexibility and autonomy can make the effort worth it for those who desire that type of career.
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an obligation to purchase a specific amount of currency at a future point in time is called a:
An obligation to purchase a specific amount of currency at a future point in time is called a forward contract. A forward contract is a contract between two parties to purchase or sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon at the time of contract execution.
This agreement allows both parties to secure a price for the currency that is traded on the settlement date.The forward contract is a commitment between two parties to buy or sell an underlying asset on a specific future date at a price. It is a type of derivative that is traded over-the-counter (OTC). The forward contract is used as a hedging instrument to manage currency risk.
It is an effective way of managing currency risk because it allows the parties involved to lock in a price for the currency to be traded at a future date, regardless of the currency's market price. The forward contract is used by importers and exporters to mitigate currency risk, multinational corporations, and institutional investors.
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Assignment 1 - Projected (Pro Forma) Financial Statements:
Based on the data below, complete Pro Forma Financial Statements (Based on regression analysis, your company has determined that it has an annual sales growth of 6% per year)
Net Sales = $800,000
Cost of Goods Sold = $600,000
Fixed Operating Costs = $50,000
Depreciation = $20,000
Interest Expense = $20,000
Income Tax Rate = 20%
Cash = $10,000
Accounts Receivable = $90,000
Inventory = $140,000
Equipment (net) = $200,000
Accounts Payable = $20,000
Notes Payable = $40,000
Long-Term Bonds = $150,000
Common Stock = $90,000
Retained Earnings = $140,000
Pro Forma financial statements are projected financial statements that show how a business will perform in the future.
What does it show?The pro forma income statement shows the expected earnings from revenues, expenses, and taxes, while the pro forma balance sheet shows the expected assets, liabilities, and equity.
Based on the data provided, here are the projected Pro Forma financial statements:
Pro Forma Income Statement
Net Sales (1.06) $800,000 = $848,000
Cost of Goods Sold (1.06) $600,000 = $636,000
Gross Profit = $212,000
Fixed Operating Costs = $50,000
Depreciation = $20,000
Interest Expense = $20,000
Earnings Before Taxes = $122,000
Income Taxes (20%) = $24,400
Net Income = $97,600
Pro Forma Balance Sheet
Assets
Cash = $10,000
Accounts Receivable (1.06) $90,000 = $95,400
Inventory (1.06) $140,000 = $148,400
Equipment (net) (1.06) $200,000 = $212,000
Total Assets = $465,800
Liabilities
Accounts Payable = $20,000
Notes Payable = $40,000
Long-Term Bonds = $150,000
Total Liabilities = $210,000
Equity
Common Stock = $90,000
Retained Earnings (as of year-end) = $140,000
Net Income = $97,600
Total Equity = $327,600
Total Liabilities and Equity = $537,600
The net sales, cost of goods sold, and equipment are all projected to increase by 6% due to the regression analysis that was conducted.
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Bento Flex Ltd. v. Jones [2004] Marvin A. Jones was the operator of an ice-resurfacing machine and was filling it with water when an explosion injured him. The water tank and the gasoline tank were similar and located in close proximity and he made the mistake of filling the gasoline tank with water from a hose. When the water filled the tank, the gasoline escaped and an overhead heater ignited the resulting fumes. He sued the manufacturer and distributor of the machine for negligence. A. Explain the arguments available on both sides and the likely outcome including the calculation of damages, if appropriate. Would it make any difference to your answer to know that Jones testified that the two tanks did not confuse him? Instructions • Complete BOTH mini cases provided to you. • Information found and used from website, magazines, journals, books or text book etc. must be properly reference in the body of your assignment and in your reference list or bibliography.
I apologize for any confusion, but I couldn't find a specific case titled "Bento Flex Ltd. v. Jones [2004]" in my available resources. It's possible that this case may not be well-known or may not have been widely documented.
However, I can provide a general analysis based on the information you've provided about Marvin A. Jones' situation.
In a negligence case like this, both sides would present their arguments and evidence to support their positions. Let's examine the arguments that could be made by each party:
1. Marvin A. Jones (Plaintiff):
a. Negligence of the manufacturer and distributor: Jones may argue that the design of the ice-resurfacing machine was defective or unreasonably dangerous.
He could claim that the placement of the water and gasoline tanks in close proximity without clear differentiation contributed to his confusion and subsequent accident.
b. Failure to provide adequate warnings or instructions: Jones might contend that the manufacturer and distributor failed to provide sufficient warnings or instructions regarding the proper use and filling of the machine's tanks.
He could argue that if proper instructions were provided, he would have been aware of the risk and would not have made the mistake.
2. Manufacturer and Distributor (Defendants):
a. No design defect or negligence: The defendants could argue that the design of the ice-resurfacing machine was reasonable and did not present an inherent risk.
They may contend that the tanks were clearly labeled or visually distinguishable, and the accident occurred due to Jones' own negligence in filling the wrong tank.
b. Contributory negligence: The defendants might claim that Jones was negligent in failing to exercise reasonable care and that his own actions were the primary cause of the accident. They may argue that a reasonable person would not have mistaken the gasoline tank for the water tank, regardless of their proximity.
The likely outcome of the case would depend on the presentation of evidence, witness testimonies, and the judgment of the court. If the court finds that the design of the machine was indeed defective, and the lack of clear instructions or warnings contributed to the accident, the defendants may be held liable for negligence.
In such a case, the court may award damages to Jones to compensate for his injuries, medical expenses, pain and suffering, and any other relevant losses.
However, if the court determines that Jones' own negligence was the main cause of the accident, they may assign a degree of contributory negligence. This means that Jones' compensation may be reduced by the percentage of responsibility assigned to him.
The specific calculation of damages would depend on various factors, such as the severity of Jones' injuries, the impact on his earning capacity, and other applicable damages under the law of the jurisdiction in which the case is being heard.
Regarding Jones testifying that the tanks did not confuse him, it could potentially impact the outcome of the case. If Jones stated that he was not confused and it was solely his mistake, it could weaken his argument of negligence on the part of the manufacturer and distributor.
However, the court would still consider other evidence and circumstances surrounding the case before reaching a final decision.
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Quad Enterprises is considering a new 3-year expansion project that requires an initial fixed asset investment of $6.426 million. The fixed asset will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its 3-year tax life, after which time it will have a market value of $499,800. The project requires an initial investment in net working capital of $714,000. The project is estimated to generate $5,712,000 in annual sales, with costs of $2,284,800. The tax rate is 21 percent and the required return on the project is 17 percent.
What is the project's Year O net cash flow?
What is the project's Year 1 net cash flow?
Net Cash Flow:The net cash flow is the amount of money a company has left over after deducting expenses from total revenue. Net cash flow can be positive if a company's liquid assets exceed its expenses, indicating that it can cover debts. If the net cash flow is negative, the business is not generating enough revenue to keep pace with expenses.The Year 0 net cash flow is - $8,012,272. The Year 1 net cash flow is $246,784.
Project's Year 0 net cash flow:The year 0 net cash flow (NCF0) is the project's initial investment in the future value of the assets (FVA), the initial investment in net working capital (NWC), and the recovery of the future value of the assets (FVA) at the end of the project less the tax paid on the salvage value (SVT).
In the problem, the year 0 net cash flow can be calculated as follows:
Initial Fixed Asset Investment = $6,426,000,Investment in Net Working Capital = $714,000,
Depreciation Value = (Initial Fixed Asset Investment - Salvage Value) / Life of Asset
Depreciation Value= ($6,426,000 - $499,800) / 3 = $1,642,400
Net cash flow (NCF0) = -($6,426,000 + $714,000 + $1,642,400 * (1-0.21))= $-8,012,272
Therefore, the Year 0 net cash flow is - $8,012,272.
Project's Year 1 net cash flow:To calculate the year 1 net cash flow, we need to calculate the operating cash flow, the tax liability, and the net cash flow. The operating cash flow is the difference between total revenue and total cost. The tax liability is the amount of tax due on operating income, and the net cash flow is the operating cash flow minus the tax liability.
The operating cash flow (OCF) can be calculated as follows:
Revenue = $5,712,000 ,Costs = $2,284,800 ,
Operating Cash Flow (OCF) = $5,712,000 - $2,284,800 - $1,642,400= $788,800
Tax Liability (T) = 0.21 x ($788,800 + $1,642,400) = $542,016
Net Cash Flow (NCF1) = $788,800 - $542,016= $246,784
Therefore, the Year 1 net cash flow is $246,784.
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2) Suppose you read that the economy is growing at 2.7%.
a) What can you conclude is happening to real GDP?
b) What can you conclude is happening to nominal GDP?
c) Explain when the gap between nominal and real GDP is greatest: when inflation is high or when inflation is low?
a) If the economy is growing at 2.7%, we can conclude that real GDP is also growing at a rate of 2.7%.Real GDP is a measure of the quantity of goods and services produced in an economy in a given period of time.
Therefore, if the economy is growing, the quantity of goods and services produced must be increasing, and this will lead to an increase in real GDP.b) Nominal GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in an economy at current market prices. Since we are not told what is happening to prices in this case, we cannot conclusively state what is happening to nominal GDP.
However, it is important to note that nominal GDP may increase or decrease depending on what happens to prices in the economy. For example, if prices increase, nominal GDP may increase even if real GDP does not increase at all.c) The gap between nominal and real GDP is greatest when inflation is high. This is because nominal GDP is calculated at current market prices, while real GDP is calculated at constant prices.
When inflation is high, nominal GDP may be artificially inflated due to the higher prices of goods and services. In such a case, the gap between nominal and real GDP would be greater because the constant prices used to calculate real GDP would be much lower than the current market prices used to calculate nominal GDP.
In conclusion, when the economy grows at a rate of 2.7%, real GDP grows at the same rate. However, we cannot conclude what happens to nominal GDP without knowing what is happening to prices.
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Looking at the table below for Round 1, the 'Low End' segment center has a Performance (Pfmn) specification of 3 and a Size specification of 17 Now we look at the bottom of the table to see how much the ideal spot is offset from the center of the segment, and we see that the Low End ideal spot is offset by −0.8 for Pimn and +0.8 for size So, we can calculate that the Round 1 ideal spot for my product in the Low End segment is Use the segment centers in the table above to calculate the new ideal spots for the segments. Once you have successfuly entered the correct ideat spots for Rounds 0 and 1 (open fields), the rest of the table will fil in automatically. If you have entered any answers incorrectly, a ine should appear through your answer and a pop bubble will appear.
In order to calculate the ideal spot for Round 1 for a product in the Low End segment, we need to use the segment centers in the given table.
The table shows that the Low End segment center has a Performance (Pfmn) specification of 3 and a Size specification of 17. From the table, we also know that the Low End ideal spot is offset by −0.8 for Pimn and +0.8 for size.
Therefore, we can calculate the Round 1 ideal spot for the product in the Low End segment as follows:
Ideal spot for Pfmn = Low End segment center + offset for Pfmn
[tex]= 3 - 0.8= 2.2[/tex]
Ideal spot for Size = Low End segment center + offset for Size
= [tex]17 + 0.8= 17.8[/tex]
Therefore, the Round 1 ideal spot for the product in the Low End segment is Pfmn = 2.2 and Size = 17.8.
Once the correct ideal spots for Rounds 0 and 1 are entered, the rest of the table will automatically fill in. If any answers are entered incorrectly, a line will appear through the answer along with a pop-up bubble.
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Description
Refer to the facts in the preceding problem. Assume that the tax rate in Country X is
15 percent and Cotton Comfort’s U.S. marginal tax rate is 35 percent. The corporation and its subsidiary have agreed to a transfer price for the cloth of $30 per shirt.
a. At this price, how much profit per shirt will be taxed in the United States?
b. At this price, how much profit per shirt will be taxed in Country X?
c. If the IRS chooses to challenge Cotton’s Comfort’s transfer price for the cloth, would you expect it to argue for a higher or lower transfer price? Explain briefly.
a. Cotton Comfort’s U.S. marginal tax rate is 35 percent and a transfer price of $30 per shirt has been agreed upon. Hence, the profit per shirt will be taxed in the United States at $30-$18.90 = $11.10.
b. The tax rate in Country X is 15 percent and a transfer price of $30 per shirt has been agreed upon. Hence, the profit per shirt will be taxed in Country X at $30-$25.50 = $4.50. c. The IRS would argue for a higher transfer price in case it chooses to challenge Cotton Comfort’s transfer price for the cloth since the corporation could minimize its U.S. taxes by establishing a high transfer price, while minimizing taxes in Country X by establishing a low transfer price.
Therefore, the tax authorities of the two countries could have conflicting interests due to the difference in their tax rates and this can lead to transfer pricing. Transfer pricing is the establishment of a value or price for goods or services transferred between related legal entities, such as a parent corporation and its subsidiary. Companies can use transfer pricing to minimize their overall tax liabilities.
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What is the Epidemiological Planning Model? what does it do? Why is it important?
The Epidemiological Planning Model is a statistical method that enables the efficient design of epidemics that can predict the effect of diseases on populations. It is a technique of organizing and utilizing knowledge of current and potential health problems to ensure an effective response in the event of an outbreak or health crisis.
What does it do?The Epidemiological Planning Model is a tool used to support public health organizations in anticipating, preparing for, and responding to health crises. It allows for the identification of potential health issues and provides guidance on how to effectively mitigate the impact of these outbreaks.It identifies the burden of disease in a population and enables the analysis of the trends, causes, and risk factors of the disease.
It is then used to design intervention programs that reduce the morbidity and mortality of a disease by reducing exposure to the pathogen, preventing transmission, and improving treatment and care.Why is it important?The Epidemiological Planning Model is important for the following reasons:It aids in the planning and delivery of public health services and interventions by providing a framework for actionIt facilitates the identification of emerging health issues and enables timely responsesIt enables a data-driven approach to addressing public health challenges and identifies key factors and root causesIt helps in the estimation of the health and economic burden of diseasesIt supports the efficient use of resources and prioritization of public health interventionsIt is a tool that enables public health professionals to effectively plan for, manage, and control epidemics and other health crises.
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Scoop is a seaside gelateria that prides itself on being guardians of an old-world handcrafted ice-cream making process to offer patrons a culinary ice-cream experience. Lines to get into Scoop are very long with customers waiting up to 20 minutes just to get an ice cream. In response to the strong support for their product, Scoop are about to open their second location and are preparing for the trading period from June 2022 through to the end of February 2023.However, a well-established competitor at this second location are not happy Scoop is moving into the area and are engaging in extremely competitive behaviour to fight Scoop for the historicaliy smaller winter customer base and the dominant shareof the much larger summer trade.
You work at Scoop as a Business Manager with expertise in Bl and need to better understand the customer base of the local area to help Scoop stand against the competition. In particular, you want to gain insight into what the predicted levels of customer demand will be as wellas customer ice cream preferences, so you can formulate a competitive business strategy for this new location. These insights will be generated predominantly for the local store manager so you are focused on the operational level of decision-making.
provide answers for the following questions relating to this Case Study:
a. write a relevant priority for this case study
b. give one example of how Business intelligence could be used tu support the priority and one example of how Business Analytics could be used tu suppport the priority.
c.Write one intermediate level descriptive question and one overall predictive question a dashboard supporting this priority should be able to answer.
Relevant priority for this case study: One relevant priority for this case study is to gain insights into customer demand levels as well as customer ice cream preferences so as to formulate a competitive business strategy for the new location and help Scoop stand against the competition.
Example of how Business Intelligence could be used to support the priority: Business intelligence tools can be used to analyze customer purchasing data, preferences, and behavior to identify trends and patterns. For instance, a data visualization tool can be used to help visualize customer purchasing behavior at Scoop and the factors that drive customer purchasing decisions. It can also be used to track customer retention and churn rates and generate insights into why customers leave or stay with Scoop. Example of how Business Analytics could be used to support the priority: Business analytics tools can be used to forecast customer demand levels and ice cream preferences using historical data. For example, predictive analytics can be used to analyze past sales data, seasonal trends, and weather patterns to forecast demand for particular flavors of ice cream. It can also be used to identify customer segments based on purchasing behavior and preferences to target promotional campaigns and product offerings to specific customer groups.
Intermediate level descriptive question: What are the most popular flavors of ice cream among customers in the local area? Overall predictive question a dashboard supporting this priority should be able to answer: What will be the demand for ice cream at the new location in the next six months based on historical sales data, seasonal trends, and weather patterns?
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Mellon Inc. issued corporate bonds with a tenure of 10 years and a coupon rate of 6%. The maturity value of each bond is $1,000 and the interest payments are made on an annual basis. Required: a. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate and coupon rate are equal. (5 Marks) b. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 4%. (5 Marks) c. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 8%. (5 Marks) d. Explain the term structure of bonds using the answers to the above questions. (10 Marks)
a. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate and coupon rate are equal When the coupon rate is equal to the market rate,
the price of the bond is equal to its face value,
$1,000. This is because the yield to maturity (YTM) equals the coupon rate,
meaning that the bond is fairly priced .b.
Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 4%.When the market rate falls to 4%, the bond's price would increase. The formula to calculate the bond price is:P = PMT × (1 - 1/(1 + i)n)/i + FV/(1 + i)nWhere:P = price of the bondFV = face value of the bondPMT = annual interest paymenti = market interest rate per periodn = number of periodsUsing the information given:
PMt = $1,000 × 6% = $60i = 4% / 1 = 0.04n = 10Therefore,P = $60 × (1 - 1/(1 + 0.04)10)/0.04 + $1,000/(1 + 0.04)10= $1,143.07c. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 8%.When the market rate increases to 8%, the bond's price would decrease.
Using the same formula as in part b:PMt = $1,000 × 6% = $60i = 8% / 1 = 0.08n = 10Therefore,P = $60 × (1 - 1/(1 + 0.08)10)/0.08 + $1,000/(1 + 0.08)10= $869.06d. Explain the term structure of bonds using the answers to the above questions.The term structure of bonds refers to the relationship between the yield to maturity and the time to maturity for bonds with similar credit ratings.
As the market rate fluctuates, it affects the bond's yield to maturity, and thus its price. When the market rate is equal to the coupon rate, the bond is priced at face value. When the market rate is lower than the coupon rate, the bond is priced at a premium, and when the market rate is higher than the coupon rate, the bond is priced at a discount. The bond price and yield to maturity are inversely related, meaning that when the bond price increases, the yield to maturity decreases, and vice versa.
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Splish Brothers Company borrowed €1645000 from BankTwo on January 1, 2019, in order to expand its mining capabilities. The five-year note required annual payments of €427700 and carried an annual interest rate of 11.00%. What is the balance in the notes payable account at December 31, 2020, after the annual payment?
€1398250
€1283100
€1645000
€1124358
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The balance in the notes payable account at December 31, 2020, after the annual payment would be €1,124,357.50.
Explanation:
To calculate the balance in the notes payable account at December 31, 2020, after the annual payment, we need to determine the remaining principal balance of the loan.
Given information:
Loan amount: €1,645,000
Annual payment: €427,700
Annual interest rate: 11.00%
To calculate the remaining balance, we need to consider the principal paid and the interest for the year.
Principal paid = Annual payment - Interest expense
Interest expense = Principal balanexpense ce at the beginning of the year * Annual interest rate
Let's calculate the remaining balance for 2020:
Year 1:
Principal balance at the beginning of the year = €1,645,000
Interest expense = €1,645,000 * 11.00% = €180,950
Principal paid = €427,700 - €180,950 = €246,750
Remaining balance = €1,645,000 - €246,750 = €1,398,250
Year 2:
Principal balance at the beginning of the year = €1,398,250
Interest expense = €1,398,250 * 11.00% = €153,807.50
Principal paid = €427,700 - €153,807.50 = €273,892.50
Remaining balance = €1,398,250 - €273,892.50 = €1,124,357.50
Therefore, the balance in the notes payable account at December 31, 2020, after the annual payment would be €1,124,357.50.
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Ten percent of a company's total output consists of baseballs, 10% consists of softballs, and 15% consists of tennis balls. Its only remaining product is handballs. If we place balls in a box in the same ratios as the company's output and select a ball at random from the box, what is the probability of the following? (Enter your probabilities as fractions.)
(a) the ball is a baseball
(b) the ball is a tennis ball
(c) the ball is not a softball (d) the ball is a handball
Answer:
a) 10% (baseballs) / 35% (total) = 2/7
b)15% (tennis balls) / 35% (total) = 3/7
c) 100% - 10% (softballs) = 90%
d) 100% - 10% (baseballs) - 10% (softballs) - 15% (tennis balls) = 65%
Explanation:
(a) To find the probability that the ball is a baseball, we first need to add up the percentages of baseballs, softballs, and tennis balls to get the total percentage:
10% (baseballs) + 10% (softballs) + 15% (tennis balls) = 35%
So, 35% of the company's output consists of one of these three types of balls. Since 10% of that output consists of baseballs, we can find the probability of selecting a baseball by dividing the percentage of baseballs by the total percentage:
10% (baseballs) / 35% (total) = 2/7
Therefore, the probability of selecting a baseball is 2/7.
(b) Similarly, to find the probability that the ball is a tennis ball, we divide the percentage of tennis balls by the total percentage:
15% (tennis balls) / 35% (total) = 3/7
Therefore, the probability of selecting a tennis ball is 3/7.
(c) To find the probability that the ball is not a softball, we need to subtract the percentage of softballs from 100% (since there are no other types of balls besides these four):
100% - 10% (softballs) = 90%
Therefore, the probability of selecting a ball that is not a softball is 90%.
(d) Since the company's remaining product is handballs, we know that the percentage of handballs is:
100% - 10% (baseballs) - 10% (softballs) - 15% (tennis balls) = 65%
Therefore, the probability of selecting a handball is 65%.
