Tacit collusion in an industry is limited by a large number of firms and the bargaining power of buyers. Tacit collusion refers to an understanding between firms operating within a specific market or industry to coordinate their pricing and production decisions. This is done in order to maximize profits, even though it may be illegal due to the fact that it suppresses competition.
A small number of firms in an industry tend to have more opportunities to communicate and coordinate their activities, making it easier for them to engage in tacit collusion. When there is a large number of firms, it becomes more difficult to coordinate actions, as there are more independent actors in the market, and firms may have difficulty observing and interpreting the signals of their competitors.
Simple products and pricing also limit tacit collusion. Firms tend to engage in tacit collusion more often when products are complex, and pricing is variable.
Monopoly power refers to a single firm dominating an industry, and as such, there is no competition.
The bargaining power of buyers limits tacit collusion as firms are less likely to coordinate their actions when they face strong countervailing power from their customers, making it more difficult for firms to collude.
Tacit collusion is limited in different ways, and these factors are essential in ensuring that market competition is maintained to protect consumer welfare.
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Which of the following affects business risk? Select one: A. operating leverage B. financial lease C. preferred stock D. interest rate stability
Business risk is influenced by A. operating leverage, B. financial lease, C. preferred stock, and D. interest rate stability.
Operating leverage refers to the extent to which fixed costs are present in a company's cost structure. Higher fixed costs result in higher operating leverage, which increases the business risk. When sales decline, companies with high operating leverage experience a more significant impact on their profitability.
Financial lease involves obtaining assets through lease agreements, which affects the business risk by increasing the financial obligations and potential risks associated with the lease payments. Companies with a high level of financial lease commitments may face higher financial risk.
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On January 1, year 1, a person bought an apartment for $200,000.
price that must be settled in 60 monthly installments with an interest of 15% per year
compounded monthly. The first monthly payment was paid one month after the date of
acquisition The contract also stipulates the payment of five annuities with a value of $5
000 each, at the end of months 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60. By the beginning of the fourth year,
paid 36 monthly installments and the annual ones corresponding to months 12, 24 and 36. As of
In the fourth year, the interest rose to 48% per year compounded monthly. if the buyer
you still want to pay annuities for months 48 and 60, in the amount of $5
000 each, what is the value of the last 24 annuities that remain to be paid to the
new interest rate?
The problem is about compound interest with varying interest rates for different periods. It involves finding the present value of a series of future payments. Let's see how to solve the problem.
Monthly interest rate = 15%/12 = 0.0125
New monthly interest rate = 48%/12 = 0.04
Payment amount = $5000
Present value of each annuity payment is calculated as:
PMT/(1 + r)n
where PMT is the payment amount, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the number of months.The present value of the annuity payments made at months 12, 24, and 36 is:P1 = 5000/(1+0.0125)12 + 5000/(1+0.0125)24 + 5000/(1+0.0125)36
= 43174.34
The present value of the annuity payments to be made at months 48 and 60 is:P2 = 5000/(1+0.04)48 + 5000/(1+0.04)60 = 61812.16The total present value of the annuity payments is:
P = P1 + P2 = 43174.34 + 61812.16 = 104986.50
This value is the present value of the annuity payments at the new interest rate of 48% per year compounded monthly.
The remaining 24 annuity payments will be made at this new rate. Therefore, the value of the last 24 annuity payments is:P/(1+0.04)24 = 45705.70
The last 24 annuity payments will have a total value of $45,705.70.
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How is activity-based costing different from traditional costing systems? If a restaurant decided to use an activity-based costing system, please share 1-2 examples at each of the following levels: Customer, Group, Service and Facility.
Activity-based costing is a type of costing system that determines the cost of each activity or operation in the production process to calculate the cost of a product. The method is considered an alternative to traditional costing methods. Activity-based costing is different from traditional costing systems in the following ways:
In traditional costing methods, the overhead costs are allocated to products using predetermined overhead rates. On the other hand, activity-based costing assigns overhead costs to activities or operations and then to products based on the number of activities that each product uses. In this way, activity-based costing ensures that the cost of each activity is allocated accurately.
In traditional costing systems, the cost of a product is determined based on its direct labor and materials costs. In contrast, activity-based costing takes into account the indirect costs that are associated with the production process. Indirect costs can include expenses such as utilities, rent, and maintenance.
If a restaurant decided to use an activity-based costing system, the following are examples of the cost at different levels:
Customer level:
An example of activity-based costing at the customer level would be the cost of preparing food for a specific customer. This can include the cost of ingredients, labor, and equipment required to prepare the meal. The cost of serving the meal to the customer would also be included.
Group level:
An example of activity-based costing at the group level would be the cost of preparing and serving food for a specific group of customers. This can include the cost of ingredients, labor, and equipment required to prepare the meal. The cost of serving the meal to the group would also be included.
Service level:
An example of activity-based costing at the service level would be the cost of providing a specific service to a customer, such as the cost of taking an order, preparing a drink, or cleaning up after a meal. The cost of providing a specific service would be determined based on the activities involved in providing that service.
Facility level:
An example of activity-based costing at the facility level would be the cost of maintaining the restaurant facilities, such as rent, utilities, and maintenance costs. The cost of maintaining the facilities would be allocated based on the activities that take place in the restaurant.
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An investor acquired a property worth R$ 670,000.00 under the following conditions: down payment of 10.00% and the remainder financed in 180 equal monthly installments, with effective interest of 7.00% per year. Immediately after the payment of all the installments, that is, immediately after the payment of the last installment, he sold this property for R$ 3,500,000.00 in cash. Calculate the percentage profit or loss that occurred on this sale, that is, the percentage profit or loss that the investor had at the time of sale of the property, in relation to the investments he could have made, at his minimum attractive rate of 0.95% per month.
Profit Percentage = (R$2,977,801.51 / R$522,198.49) x 100 = 570.06%So the investor had a profit percentage of 570.06% at the time of sale of the property.
The first step to calculating the profit or loss percentage for this situation would be to find out the total cost of the property. To do this, you can use the following formula:
Total Cost = Down payment + Total amount paid in 180 monthly installments
The down payment is 10% of R$670,000.00, which is R$67,000.00.
To find the total amount paid in installments, you can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT * [1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt)] / (r/n), where PMT is the monthly payment, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded in a year, and t is the number of years.
In this case, PMT is the total amount borrowed divided by the number of months, which is (R$670,000.00 - R$67,000.00) / 180 = R$3,294.44.
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = R$3,294.44 * [1 - (1 + 0.07/12)^(-180)] / (0.07/12) = R$455,198.49
So the total cost of the property is R$67,000.00 + R$455,198.49 = R$522,198.49.
To find the profit or loss percentage, we need to compare this total cost to the selling price of R$3,500,000.00.
The profit is the difference between the selling price and the total cost, which is R$3,500,000.00 - R$522,198.49 = R$2,977,801.51.
The percentage profit can be found using the formula:
Profit Percentage = (Profit / Cost) x 100Substituting the values, we get:
Profit Percentage = (R$2,977,801.51 / R$522,198.49) x 100 = 570.06%So the investor had a profit percentage of 570.06% at the time of sale of the property.
This is much higher than his minimum attractive rate of 0.95% per month.
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suppose a homeowner has an existing mortgage loan with these terms remaining balance 150,000 interest rate of 8% and remaining term of 10 years monthly payments this loan can be replaced by loan at an interest rate of 6% at a cost of 8% of the outstanding loan amount what is the monthly payment on the old loan
A homeowner with an existing mortgage loan of 150,000 at an 8% interest rate with a remaining term of 10 years and monthly payments.The monthly payment for the old loan can be calculated using an amortization formula. The formula for calculating the monthly payment of a mortgage loan is given as:
Where:P = monthly payment
L = loan amount
I = interest rate (annual interest rate divided by 12 months)
N = term of the loan (number of months)
Plugging in the values, we have:
[tex]P = 150,000 * (0.08 / 12) * [(1 + (0.08 / 12))^120] / [(1 + (0.08 / 12))^120 - 1][/tex]
P = 1,795.51
Rounded to two decimal places, the monthly payment on the old loan is 1,795.51.Suppose the homeowner wants to replace this loan with a new loan at an interest rate of 6%, and they will pay 8% of the outstanding loan amount as the cost to refinance. The outstanding loan amount is simply the remaining balance on the old loan.
Therefore, the cost to refinance is:
Cost to refinance = 8% * 150,000
Cost to refinance = 12,000
To calculate the new loan amount, the cost to refinance is subtracted from the remaining balance on the old loan:
New loan amount = 150,000 - 12,000 n
New loan amount = 138,000
Now that we have the new loan amount and the interest rate, we can use the same formula to calculate the monthly payment of the new loan:
[tex]P = 138,000 * (0.06 / 12) * [(1 + (0.06 / 12))^120] / [(1 + (0.06 / 12))^120 - 1][/tex]
P = 828.83
Rounded to two decimal places, the monthly payment on the new loan is 828.83. Therefore, the homeowner can save 966.68 per month by refinancing their mortgage loan.
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Allport's "common traits" are traits uncovered by factor analytic techniques. which are least theoretically interesting. that many in a population share. that are found in lower-class populations. that are boring.
that many in a population share.
The "common traits" identified by Allport are traits that many people share in a population "that many in a population share."
Allport's theory of personality outlines the concept of individual uniqueness. He argues that everyone's personality is unique, and it is the combination of their traits and characteristics. However, Allport identified some common traits that many individuals share. These common traits are identified through factor analytic techniques.
Common traits refer to personality traits that are pervasive among individuals across various cultures and genders. These traits are least theoretically interesting since they do not add to the understanding of individual uniqueness.
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suppose a consumer wants to obtain the highest possible satisfaction from goods purchased on a fixed budget. which of the following must be equal for all goods?
If a consumer wants to obtain the highest possible satisfaction from goods purchased on a fixed budget, then the marginal utility per dollar spent must be equal for all goods.
The marginal utility is defined as the additional satisfaction that is derived by the consumer from consuming one additional unit of a commodity. The marginal utility depends on the level of satisfaction derived from the commodity and the total quantity of goods consumed.
It is usually measured as the additional satisfaction derived by the consumer from consuming one additional unit of a commodity, keeping all other factors constant. The formula for marginal utility can be calculated as follows:Marginal Utility = Total Utility (TU) n - Total Utility (TU) n-1.
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There are two pieces to this assignment - In APA format.
1. Write 1 to 2 paragraphs on each of the 5 forces of any industry of your choice. (400 to 500 words)
2. Write about the intensity of rivalry and the power of buyers (consumers) in the wine industry, as described in the "wine wars" case. Cite specific details from the case with regard to those two of the five forces. (400 to 500 words)
Industry analysis is a crucial business strategy for any organization to comprehend the competitive environment and define a competitive strategy.
Porter's five forces analysis is a well-known analytical framework for industry analysis. This framework includes five forces that play a significant role in shaping the industry's competitive landscape: The threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of substitutes, and the rivalry among existing firms.The wine industry is a vast, highly fragmented, and increasingly competitive sector.
The industry is characterized by significant differentiation of products and branding. The following is a description of the intensity of rivalry and the power of buyers (consumers) in the wine industry:The intensity of rivalry: The wine industry is highly competitive due to the increasing number of players in the industry. In this industry, rivalry is high due to the low differentiation among products.
In addition, the wine industry is characterized by a high degree of price competition. For instance, in the United States, consumers have a wide range of wines to choose from, ranging from cheap, generic wine to costly, premium wine.
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Suppose the Fed pays no interest on bank reserves. For every $1000 in deposits, how much do banks lose in forgone interest due to the reserve requirement (after rounding to the nearest two decimal place) if the reserve requirement is 11% and the rate at which banks lend is 7% ? A. 110 B. 70 C. 77 D. 7.7 If the interest rate on the loans increases, then the opportunity cost of the reserves____________
If the Fed pays no interest on bank reserves, and the reserve requirement is 11%, the banks would lose 7.70 on every 1,000 in deposits in forgone interest (after rounding to the nearest two decimal place).
This is because the reserve requirement is the percentage of deposits that banks are required to hold in reserve, which means they cannot lend that portion of the deposits and earn interest on it.
At an interest rate of 7%, the forgone interest on the reserve requirement is calculated as follows:
Reserves = Deposit × Reserve
Requirement= 1,000 × 11% = 110
Forgone Interest = Reserves × Interest Rate= 110 × 7% = 7.70
Banks would lose 7.70 on every 1,000 in deposits in forgone interest due to the reserve requirement (after rounding to the nearest two decimal place).
If the interest rate on loans increases, then the opportunity cost of the reserves would also increase.
This is because banks would be able to earn more on loans than they would by holding reserves, making the opportunity cost of holding reserves higher.
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Equity Rollforward
Purpose:
To provide an equity rollforward and to tie out to the trial
balance
Procedure:
Accountant should run the General Ledger (Reports >
Equity Roll forward The equity roll forward statement is a summary of the changes in an entity's equity balance that occurred during a reporting period.
This report is also known as the "Statement of Changes in Equity" and is used to keep track of changes to the company's equity accounts.Accounting for EquityThe equity rollforward statement is an essential component of the financial reporting process for companies. The purpose of this statement is to summarize the changes in the equity balance of the company over the course of the period covered by the financial statements.
The Equity rollforward statement is prepared by the company's accounting department, and it is based on information obtained from the general ledger. The general ledger contains all the transactions that have been recorded for the company's equity accounts throughout the period.
A company's equity accounts may include common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings, and accumulated other comprehensive income. The equity rollforward statement summarizes the beginning balance of each account, the changes that occurred during the period, and the ending balance for each account.
Equity Rollforward and Trial BalanceThe equity rollforward statement is used to tie out to the trial balance. The trial balance is a report that summarizes the account balances in the company's general ledger.
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The manager of a large apartment complex knows from experience that 110 unis will be occupled if the rent is 400 dollars per month. A market survey suggests that, on the averago, one additional unit will remain vacant for each 1 dollar increase in rent. Similarly, one additional unit will be occupled for each 1 dollar decrease in rent. What rent should the managor charge to maximize revenue?
Given information: A market survey suggests that, on the average, one additional unit will remain vacant for each 1 dollar increase in rent Similarly, one additional unit will be occupied for each 1 dollar decrease in rent.
The manager of a large apartment complex knows from experience that 110 units will be occupied if the rent is 400 dollars per month. Formula for total revenue is,
[tex]Revenue = Price × Quantity[/tex]
Let's find the total quantity, if the price is [tex]$400[/tex] Per dollar increase, one additional unit will remain vacant. So, for [tex]400+x rent[/tex], [tex]400+x units[/tex] will be occupied.[tex](110 units - x vacant units)[/tex]
[tex]= 400 + x occupied units(400 + x) + (110 - x)[/tex]
[tex]= 510 units will be occupied at 400 + x rent[/tex]
Let's find the total quantity, if the price is [tex]$399[/tex] Per dollar decrease, one additional unit will be occupied. So, for [tex]399-x rent[/tex], [tex]111+x units[/tex] will be occupied. [tex](111 units + x occupied units)[/tex]
[tex]= 399 - x vacant units(399 - x) + (111 + x)[/tex]
[tex]= 510 units will be occupied at 399 - x rent[/tex]
Now, we can write down the revenue equation for two different prices: When the price is [tex]$400[/tex],
[tex]Revenue = $400 × 110[/tex]
[tex]= $44,000[/tex] When the price is [tex]$399[/tex]
[tex]Revenue = $399 × 111[/tex]
[tex]= $44,289[/tex] As we can see, if the price is [tex]$399[/tex] then the total revenue is [tex]$44,289[/tex] which is more than the total revenue obtained at [tex]$400[/tex] rent.
Hence, to maximize revenue, the manager should charge [tex]$399[/tex] rent per month.
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Expected future value of a currency is reflected in its spot
rate.
A. True
B. False
The answer to the question "Expected future value of a currency is reflected in its spot rate. True or False?" is: A. True
Expected future value of a currency is reflected in its spot rate is a true statement. The exchange rate between two currencies refers to the value of one currency in terms of the other. The spot exchange rate is the current exchange rate at which two currencies can be traded. It is important to note that the spot rate is affected by both the current exchange rate as well as expected future exchange rates. Since the spot rate reflects both current and expected future exchange rates, it is used to indicate the expected future value of a currency. Therefore, it is true that the expected future value of a currency is reflected in its spot rate.
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Planters enter into a contract with Walmart to buy three thousand containers of Almonds. The contract must be in writing if the Almonds cost
a. $250.
b. $150.
c. $100.
d. $500.
Planters enter into a contract with Walmart to buy three thousand containers of Almonds must be in writing if the Almonds cost $500 or more.
According to the Statute of Frauds, contracts that deal with the sale of goods valued over $500 must be in writing. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) $500. The Statute of Frauds is a legal rule that demands certain types of contracts to be in writing. Its purpose is to prevent misunderstandings that may arise from oral or unsigned agreements. Additionally, it encourages fair and trustworthy business dealings by requiring legal enforceability of agreements. It was first enacted in England in 1677 and then codified in most US states.
The Statute of Frauds requires the following types of contracts to be in writing: Sale of real estate Contracts that cannot be completed within one year Contracts that exceed a certain dollar value Contracts to pay someone else's debt Marriage contracts Contracts involving the sale of goods costing more than $500 (under the Uniform Commercial Code).
Therefore, Planters enter into a contract with Walmart to buy three thousand containers of Almonds must be in writing if the Almonds cost $500 or more.
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Identify the combined shifts in long-run aggregate supply and aggregate demand that could explain the following simultaneous occurrences. An increase in equilibrium real GDP and an increase in the equilibrium price level A decrease in equilibrium real GDP with no change in the equilibrium price level An increase in equilibrium real GDP with no change in the equilibrium price level A decrease in equilibrium real GDP and a decrease in the equilibrium price level"
Long-run aggregate supply refers to the potential output an economy can produce given its natural rate of unemployment. Aggregate demand, on the other hand, refers to the total amount of goods and services demanded in an economy at a particular price level. The simultaneous occurrence of an increase in equilibrium real GDP and an increase in the equilibrium price level could be due to a shift in aggregate demand to the right.
This shift could occur due to various factors, including an increase in government spending, a decrease in taxes, or an increase in investment. The shift in aggregate demand would cause a higher equilibrium price level and higher real GDP. An increase in real GDP but no change in the equilibrium price level could be due to a shift in the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.
This shift could occur due to factors such as an increase in productivity or an increase in the labor force. This shift would cause a higher real GDP but no change in the price level. A decrease in equilibrium real GDP with no change in the equilibrium price level could be due to a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left.
This shift could occur due to factors such as a decrease in consumer confidence or a decrease in government spending. The shift in aggregate demand would cause a lower real GDP but no change in the price level. A decrease in equilibrium real GDP and a decrease in the equilibrium price level could be due to a shift in the long-run aggregate supply curve to the left.
This shift could occur due to factors such as a decrease in productivity or an increase in the natural rate of unemployment. This shift would cause a lower real GDP and a lower price level.
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Which of the following is an example of discretionary fiscal policy? an increase in income tax receipts with rising income during an expansion a decrease in food stamps issued during an expansion or boom the tax cuts passed by Congress in 2001 to combat the recession an increase in unemployment insurance payments during a recession Question 29 (Mandatory) Which of the following is an example of monetary policy? decreasing unemployment benefits open market operations increasing income taxes increasing government spending on roads and bridges
The answer to the given question is "The tax cuts passed by Congress in 2001 to combat the recession is an example of discretionary fiscal policy, and open market operations is an example of monetary policy."
Discretionary fiscal policy refers to the government's deliberate changes in taxation, spending, or transfer payments to promote economic stability and growth, smooth out business cycles, and reduce unemployment and inflation. The options provided are the examples of discretionary fiscal policy, and an increase in unemployment insurance payments during a recession is an example of discretionary fiscal policy.
Monetary policy refers to the central bank's actions to regulate money supply and interest rates in the economy to achieve the goals of maximum employment, price stability, and economic growth. The options provided are the examples of monetary policy, and open market operations is an example of monetary policy. Open market operations refer to the central bank's purchase or sale of government securities in the open market to increase or decrease the money supply.
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In response to the student's question, an example of discretionary fiscal policy is the tax cuts introduced by Congress in 2001 to combat the recession. On the other hand, open market operations stand as an example of monetary policy.
Explanation:In the context of fiscal and monetary policy, the examples provided can be broken down as follows. An example of discretionary fiscal policy would be the tax cuts passed by Congress in 2001 to combat the recession. This is a deliberate change in government policy to either stimulate economic activity during a recession or slow down economic activity during a boom.
The monetary policy example is open market operations, which are the buying and selling of government bonds by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates. Decreasing unemployment benefits, increasing income taxes, and increasing government spending on roads and bridges are fiscal policies, not monetary policies. They involve changing government spending and tax rates, rather than controlling the monetary supply and interest rates.
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Head of Household
Jaclyn Biggs, who files as a head of household, never paid AMT before 2021. In 2021 , her regular tax liability was \( \$ 102,220 \) which included \( \$ 39,900 \) capital gain taxe
The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is an additional tax paid by taxpayers who earn high income, often used by taxpayers who claim a lot of exemptions or deductions to reduce their federal tax liability.
The amount of AMT due is the amount by which the AMT exceeds the taxpayer's regular tax liability. If the AMT is less than or equal to the taxpayer's regular tax liability, the taxpayer is not liable for the AMT.
Head of Household In 2021, Jaclyn Biggs, who files as a head of household, had a regular tax liability of $102,220, which included capital gain taxes of $39,900. Before 2021, Jaclyn Biggs had never paid the AMT.
The following steps are taken to calculate the AMT for a head of household filer:
Step 1: Calculate the head of household's alternative minimum taxable income (AMTI).The AMTI is calculated as follows:
AMTI = Taxable income + Adjustment and preferences
Step 2: Determine the head of household's AMT tax bracket. AM rate Income limit10% $0 - $14,60020% $14,600 - $56,00030% $56,000 - $132,20035% $132,200 - $213,20037% Over $213,200
Step 3: Calculate the amount of Alternative Minimum Tax Due. The AMT is calculated as follows:
Alternative Minimum Tax Due = AMT Rate × (AMTI - Exemption) - AMT Credit
Step 4: Determine whether the taxpayer must pay the AMT or the regular tax liability.
The amount of AMT due is the amount by which the AMT exceeds the taxpayer's regular tax liability. If the AMT is less than or equal to the taxpayer's regular tax liability, the taxpayer is not liable for the AMT.
Since the AMT is less than her regular tax liability of $102,220, Jaclyn Biggs is not liable for the AMT.
Hence, the amount of Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) that Jaclyn Biggs must pay is $0.
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Which of the following is a statement of positive economics? The federal minimum wage should be eliminated completely. The federal minimum wage is currently $2,000 per hour for all industries. The federal minimum wage should be increased to $15 per hour. The federal minimum wage should only apply to heavily populated areas.
The statement of positive economics among the options provided is: "The federal minimum wage is currently $ 2,000 per hour for all industries. "
Positive economics deals with objective statements that can be tested and verified based on facts and data. It focuses on describing how the economy functions and analyzing cause-and-effect relationships. The statement mentioning the current federal minimum wage represents a factual statement about the existing situation, making it a statement of positive economics.
Therefore, The statement of positive economics among the options provided is : "The federal minimum wage is currently $ 2,000 per hour for all industries."
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Consider our IS/LM/BOP analysis. Suppose also that we are in a fixed price, fixed exchange rate setup (with automatic money supply adjustment). If the capital account were highly interest sensitive (such that the BOP curve is flatter than the LM curve), an increase in the money supply would cause none of the other options. the interest rate, r, to rise, but national income, Y, to fall. r and Y to fall. no change in r and Y. r and Y to rise.
An increase in the money supply would cause the interest rate, r, to rise, but national income, Y, to fall if the capital account were highly interest sensitive (such that the BOP curve is flatter than the LM curve) when considering the IS/LM/BOP analysis in a fixed price, fixed exchange rate setup (with automatic money supply adjustment).
Therefore, the answer is: the interest rate, r, to rise, but national income, Y, to fall .Let's see the reason behind this :In the context of the IS/LM/BOP model, a fixed exchange rate regime necessitates that the central bank takes on the obligation of maintaining the exchange rate by intervening in the foreign exchange market. To keep the exchange rate steady, the central bank must make continuous adjustments to the supply of money in response to capital inflows or outflows. The LM curve shifts to the right when there is a monetary expansion, and the LM curve shifts to the left when there is a monetary contraction .The BOP curve shifts upward when there is an increase in the interest rate differential and downward when there is a decrease in the interest rate differential. The capital account is more interest-sensitive than the LM curve when the BOP curve is flatter than the LM curve .When the capital account is highly interest-sensitive and the BOP curve is flatter than the LM curve, an increase in the money supply will cause the interest rate to rise and national income to fall. Thus, we can conclude that an increase in the money supply would cause the interest rate, r, to rise, but national income, Y, to fall.
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David recently received an inheritance, and he is planning to invest the inheritance in one of four stock portfolios. Which of these portfolios would you expect to have the highest risk?
a.
A portfolio with an average annual rate of return of 10%.
b.
A portfolio with an average annual rate of return of 8%.
c.
A portfolio with an average annual rate of return of 5%.
d.
A portfolio with an average annual rate of return of 14%.
David recently received an inheritance, and he is planning to invest the inheritance in one of four stock portfolios. The highest risk is expected to be in the portfolio with an average annual rate of return of 14%.
A portfolio with an average annual rate of return of 14%.More than 200.The portfolio with an average annual rate of return of 14% would have the highest risk. It should be kept in mind that portfolios that offer the highest potential returns may also pose the greatest risk of significant loss.
Portfolio risk is related to both the average return and the volatility of the return of the assets. The greater the standard deviation of return is, the greater the portfolio risk, and vice versa.
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If the employees who build the product go on strike and temporary workers who are slower and not as skilled are hired, which variance is directly impacted? 1) Materials price variance 2) Labour price variance 3) Labour efficiency variance 4) Materials efficiency variance If the employees who build the product go on strike and temporary workers who are slower and not as skilled are hired, which variance is directly impacted? 1) Materials price variance 2) Labour price variance 3) Labour efficiency variance 4) Materials efficiency variance
If the employees who build the product go on strike and temporary workers who are slower and not as skilled are hired, the variance that is directly impacted is Labour efficiency variance.
Labour efficiency variance is a variation that is used to measure the difference between the actual amount of labor used and the actual amount of labor that should have been used to produce a product. It is calculated by subtracting the actual hours of labor used from the standard hours of labor that should have been used, multiplied by the standard rate per hour.
This variance is used to determine the efficiency of labor utilized in production. When the employees who build the product go on strike and temporary workers who are slower and not as skilled are hired, this means that the new workers will take more time to complete the same tasks as the regular workers.
As a result, the actual labor hours used will be more than the standard hours that should have been used, causing an increase in labor efficiency variance.
Therefore, the variance that is directly impacted is the labor efficiency variance.
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You own a factory that hand-manufactures clay pots and molcajetes*. 8oth use the same amount of material, but the clay pot requires 2 labor hours to produce, while the mokajete requires only 1 hour. The clay pot. sells for $50 and has variable costs of $38. The molcajete sells for $35 and has wanable costs of $25, You're only able to employ workers for 2,000 total hours permonth. 1 What is the unit of conctroined resource in this scenario, and how much coetribution margin does each product provide per unit of constrained resource? 2. How many of each unit should this factory produce permonth if there are no demand constraints? 3 . If demand is limited to 1,500 of each type, how mamy of each type should be produced per month?
1. The total available labour hours, which are restricted to 2,000 hours per month, serve as the unit of constrained resource in this scenario.
By dividing the contribution margin of each product by the number of labour hours necessary to make that product, it is possible to determine the contribution margin per unit of constrained resource.The clay pot:
Selling price minus variable costs equals contribution margin per unit.= $50 - $38 = $12Contribution margin per unit of constrained resource equals contribution margin per unit / labour hours necessary, which is $12 divided by 2 hours, or $6 per labour hour.For the molecular jug:
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Which of the following charts would show whether net cash flow and sales share a linear relationship?
Select one:
a. Pie chart
b. Bar chart
c. Scatter plot
d. Trend chart
Option (c), A scatter plot would show whether net cash flow and sales share a linear relationship.
What is a Scatter Plot?A scatter plot is a kind of mathematical diagram that employs Cartesian coordinates to show values for two variables for a set of data. It is used to show the connection or association between two variables or sets of data.
The chart that shows whether net cash flow and sales share a linear relationship is a scatter plot.
Scatter plots are helpful for examining relationships between two variables. A scatter plot uses dots to represent values for two separate numeric variables. The position of each dot on the horizontal and vertical axis implies values for an individual data point. By displaying a variable in each axis, you may look for patterns that might be detected.
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Under the Corporations Act 2001, company directors are bound by a number of legal duties which govern the way in which they exercise their powers and functions. One of these duties - the s 180(1) duty of care and diligence - provides that company directors must exercise their powers and discharge their duties with the degree of care and diligence that a reasonable person in their circumstances would exercise. Recently, there has been much discussion about how this duty applies to climate change and what exactly company directors would be required to do to ensure they are managing the financial risks posed by climate change with the required level of care and diligence. From the list below, which of the statements best describes what is required of company directors in relation to climate change? Select one: a. Given the financial risks posed by climate change, company directors must develop business strategies to transition their companies away from climate-damaging activities as soon as possible, including immediately phasing out activities such as fossil fuel development and exploitation. b. Company directors should obtain expert advice about the implications of climate change for their business and ensure that climate risk is considered, managed and reported by the company where appropriate. In terms of managing these risks, directors have some discretion to make a judgement on what is in the best interests of the company as long as this judgement is based on informed and rational assessment. c. The duty of care and diligence does not require directors to take a particular course of action. It does not impose liability for an incorrect commercial judgement that harms the company. Rather, the duty is focused on the rigour and robustness of processes of information gathering and deliberation; as well as whether the director took proportionate steps to manage known and foreseeable risks in the particular context. d. Company directors must ensure that their companies adopt the TCFD recommendations. They should also ensure their company sets targets for greenhouse gas emissions and reports on progress to meet these targets in the annual sustainability report. e. Both b and c.
Option (e) is the best statement that describes what is required of company directors in relation to climate change.What is the duty of care and diligence under the Corporations Act 2001?Under the Corporations Act 2001, the duty of care and diligence (s 180(1) duty) provides that company directors must perform their duties and exercise their powers with the degree of care and diligence that a reasonable person in their circumstances would exercise.
This duty is a positive obligation, not just a requirement not to act negligently.What is required of company directors in relation to climate change?Option (e) is the best statement that describes what is required of company directors in relation to climate change. It states that company directors should obtain expert advice on the implications of climate change for their business and ensure that climate risk is considered, managed, and reported by the company where appropriate.
Directors have some discretion in deciding what is in the best interests of the company as long as their decision is based on informed and rational assessment. It also emphasizes that the duty of care and diligence does not impose liability for an incorrect commercial judgement that harms the company. Rather, the duty is focused on the rigour and robustness of processes of information gathering and deliberation; as well as whether the director took proportionate steps to manage known and foreseeable risks in the particular context.
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In
addition to Apple, who else benefits from Apple's decisions to
outsource assembly to China? Who are the Potential losers here?
( please be as descriptive as possible ) thank you
Since the Apple Corporation outsources assembly to China, other companies that are involved in the manufacture of Apple products benefit from this move.
However, in the long term, there are potential losers. Some of these losers may include workers in the United States who have lost their jobs as a result of Apple's decision to outsource assembly to China. Suppliers to Apple that operate outside of China are also negatively impacted by Apple's move.
In conclusion, while Apple's decision to outsource assembly to China has benefits for Apple and some other companies involved in the manufacture of Apple products, there are potential losers. These include workers in the US who lose their jobs, suppliers outside of China, and workers in China who face poor working conditions.
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a firm wants to use an option to hedge 12.5 million in receivalbes from new zealond firms the premium is
The total amount of dollars received (after accounting for the premium paid) is $6,872,500.
As per data,
Amount of receivables from New Zealand firms = $12.5 million,
Premium = $0.03,
Exercise price = $0.55.
When the option is exercised, the firm will receive the exercise price per dollar of the receivables from the option writer.
If the exercise price is more than the spot rate on the exercise date, the firm will exercise the option. Otherwise, the firm will sell its foreign currency receivables in the spot market.
So, the total amount of dollars received (after accounting for the premium paid) can be calculated as follows:
Total amount of dollars received = Exercise price × Amount of receivables − Premium Amount of receivables from New Zealand firms
Substitute all values respectively,
Total amount of dollars received = $0.55 × $12.5 million − $0.03
Total amount of dollars received = $6,872,500
Therefore, Total amount of dollars received is $6,872,500.
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b) ABC Ltd is a private corporation with developed and advanced ranges of technologies over the past five years. This company is considering entering the stock market. Discuss briefly and list the advantages of the corporation as a public listing
The decision to enter the stock market is a strategic one that companies make after weighing the benefits and drawbacks of becoming publicly traded.
Going public enables a private corporation to acquire additional funding and recognition, which are critical to the corporation's long-term expansion and profitability. Here are the benefits of ABC Ltd becoming a public corporation.
1. Access to additional capital
When a corporation goes public, it can access a more extensive range of funds to finance its operations. The proceeds can be used to enhance the existing technology and develop new technologies or hire new staff. ABC Ltd's improved funding may enable it to expand its product line, enter new markets, and enhance its marketing efforts.
2. Increased market visibility
Going public allows the corporation to increase its visibility to customers and potential investors. ABC Ltd can market its services and products to a broader audience, leading to higher revenues and profits.
3. Facilitating mergers and acquisitions
When the corporation's stock price rises, it will become more attractive to other corporations, increasing the possibility of mergers and acquisitions. ABC Ltd may benefit from mergers and acquisitions since it can obtain new products, technology, and distribution channels.
4. Incentives for Employees
Going public provides employees with opportunities to own shares in the corporation, which can enhance their job satisfaction and encourage them to work harder. The share option schemes provide employees with an opportunity to participate in the corporation's success.
5. Valuation
Going public is a way for the corporation to discover the true value of its assets and operations. An initial public offering (IPO) provides the corporation with an opportunity to raise funds while simultaneously valuing its operations. The IPO process allows the corporation to learn more about its investors' valuation and expectations, which can aid in long-term strategy planning.
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Kelly-Lambing, Inc., a builder of government contracted small ships, has a steady work force of 10 very skilled craftspeople. These workers can supply 2,440 labor-hours each per year. Kelly-Lambing is about to undertake a new contract, building a new style of boat. The first boat is expected to take 6,100 hours to complete. The firm thinks that 80% is the expected learning rate. What is the firm's "capacity" to make these boats-that is, how many units can the firm make in 1 year? If the operations manager can increase the learning rate to 75% instead of 80%, how many units can the firm make? (Round all numerical responses in this exercise to the nearest whole number.)
In order to calculate the firm's capacity to make boats, it is important to know that the first boat requires 6,100 labor hours to complete. Since the skilled workers can supply 2,440 labor hours per person per year, the total labor hours of the workforce are:
10 workers × 2,440 labor-hours/worker/year = 24,400 labor-hours/year
To calculate the firm's capacity, the first step is to apply the expected learning rate of 80%. The formula for learning curves is:
Y = aX^b
where Y is the time required for the nth unit of output, a is the time required for the first unit of output, b is the log of the learning rate divided by the log of 2, X is the cumulative number of units produced, and n is the number of the unit being produced.
To find the capacity, the cumulative number of units produced is divided by the number of hours in a year (2,080):
Units produced = Hours available ÷ Hours per unit
Y = aX^bY = 6,100 × (1/1)^log 0.80 ÷ log 2 = 6,100 × 1 = 6,100
Therefore, the company's capacity to produce the new style of boat is one boat per year.
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Sally sends an offer to Bud to purchase Bud's cabin for $55,000. After sleeping on the idea, she changes her mind and sends Bud a letter revoking her offer. Her revocation is effective when:
Group of answer choices
A. Bud receives it.
B. She mails it.
C. She signs it.
D. (None of the above)
Sally sends an offer to Bud to purchase Bud's cabin for $55,000. After sleeping on the idea, she changes her mind and sends Bud a letter revoking her offer. Her revocation is effective when she mails it.
The revocation of an offer is effective when the offeror dispatches (sends) the revocation; it need not be received by the offeree to be effective. However, once an offeree accepts the offer, the offeror cannot revoke it.
Option A: Bud receives it is incorrect as the revocation is effective when Sally dispatches (sends) the revocation. Option C: She signs it is incorrect as Sally sending the revocation is enough for it to be effective.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as option B, that is, She mails it, is the correct answer.
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(a) Explain the link between efficiency and wages using an appropriate model in the context of developing countries. With the help of diagrams, explain how involuntary unemployment may arise in this context and outline the equilibrium outcomes in this model. Critically evaluate the pros and cons of this model. (b) Labour markets in developing countries are often highly segmented and exhibit high levels of involuntary unemployment. Critically discuss the implications of labour market segmentation in developing countries and provide examples of policy implications. (c) Osmani (1990) proposes a theoretical model for the process of wage determination as an act of implicit cooperation amongst workers. Select any two assumptions of this model to critically discuss and assess this model's relevance to explain the features of a typical South Asian rural labour market.
a) Link between efficiency and wages:Efficiency is the output level achieved from inputs, labor being one of the inputs. The better the efficiency of the labor, the higher the wages it receives. The production function for labor is y = f (k, h), where k denotes the capital stock per worker, h denotes the hours worked per worker, and y denotes output per worker. The wage for labor is determined by the demand and supply forces in the labor market.Involuntary unemployment arises when the wages are above the equilibrium level. This situation can be explained by using a Keynesian cross diagram.
The wage rate is on the y-axis, and the labor supply and demand are on the x-axis. The intersection of labor demand and supply curves determines the equilibrium wage rate, W* (Q* is the equilibrium quantity of labor).If the wage rate is above the equilibrium level, the quantity of labor supplied will exceed the quantity of labor demanded, resulting in involuntary unemployment. The pros of this model include the provision of a framework for analyzing the labor market. The cons of this model are its assumptions, which do not reflect the real world. In addition, it does not consider the role of institutions in labor market outcomes.
b) Implications of labor market segmentation: Labor market segmentation has significant implications for developing countries, which are characterized by low productivity, poor working conditions, and low wages. In such markets, segmentation arises due to differences in skill levels, geographic location, gender, and social status. The implication of labor market segmentation is the presence of involuntary unemployment, low wages, and limited employment opportunities.
The policy implications of labor market segmentation are that policymakers need to create incentives to eliminate the barriers to entry into the labor market. They also need to promote education and training programs to enhance the skills of workers and to provide equal access to employment opportunities.
c) Osmani's model of wage determination: Osmani proposes a theoretical model for the process of wage determination as an act of implicit cooperation amongst workers. The model is based on the assumption that there is no competition among workers and that workers coordinate their wage-setting behavior. The two assumptions of this model are the implicit cooperation among workers and the absence of competition among workers.
These assumptions are not realistic, as workers do compete with each other for jobs, and cooperation among workers is not always guaranteed. In addition, the model does not account for the role of employers in wage-setting. Therefore, this model is not relevant to explaining the features of a typical South Asian rural labor market.
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the fee charged by a stockbroker to make a purchase of stock on a customer's behalf is a
The fee charged by a stockbroker to make a purchase of stock on a customer's behalf is a brokerage commission representing the compensation for facilitating the transaction and providing related services
The fee charged by a stockbroker to make a purchase of stock on a customer's behalf is commonly known as a brokerage commission or brokerage fee.
This fee represents the compensation that the stockbroker earns for facilitating the transaction and providing the necessary services to execute the purchase order.
The brokerage commission is typically calculated as a percentage of the total value of the transaction or as a fixed fee per share.
The specific rate or fee structure can vary depending on the brokerage firm, the type of trade, the size of the order, and other factors. It is important for investors to be aware of these fees as they can impact the overall cost and return on investment.
The brokerage commission covers various services provided by the stockbroker, including order execution, trade settlement, custodial services, research and analysis, access to trading platforms, and customer support.
The fee compensates the broker for their expertise, market access, and infrastructure required to execute trades on behalf of their clients.
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