They have an incentive to deviate from higher prices set by their rivals to attract more customers and increase their profits. b. impossible in the finite period bertrand models.
in the context of industrial organization and game theory, tacit collusion refers to a situation where firms in an oligopolistic market coordinate their behavior and set prices at higher levels to maximize their joint profits, without explicitly communicating or entering into a formal agreement. however, in the finite period bertrand models, tacit collusion is considered impossible.
in the finite period bertrand model, firms compete by setting prices rather than quantities. each firm assumes that its rivals will keep their prices fixed and tries to undercut them by setting a slightly lower price to capture a larger market share. this leads to intense price competition, and firms have an incentive to lower their prices to gain a competitive advantage. as a result, firms cannot sustain higher prices through tacit collusion in the finite period bertrand model.
the reason behind this impossibility is known as the bertrand paradox. in the finite period setting, firms are aware that they have limited time to compete and capture market share. this competitive pressure eliminates the possibility of tacit collusion and leads to a situation where prices are driven down to the level of marginal cost.
in summary, tacit collusion is not possible in the finite period bertrand models due to intense price competition and the incentive for firms to deviate from higher prices to gain a competitive advantage.
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Davison Toaster Corp. sells its products for $120 per unit. It has the following costs: Rent $103,300 Factory labor 17 per unit $170,000 Executive salaries Raw materials 8 per unit The break-even point is Multiple Choice more than 3,907 units Not enough information has been provided to determine the break-even point.
Based on the provided information, it is not possible to determine the break-even point for Davison Toaster Corp.
To calculate the break-even point, we need to know the fixed costs and the contribution margin per unit. The contribution margin per unit is the selling price per unit minus the variable costs per unit. However, the information provided only includes some of the costs but does not specify the fixed costs or the contribution margin per unit.
Fixed costs are costs that do not vary with the number of units produced or sold. In this case, the information does not provide the fixed costs, such as rent and executive salaries. Without knowing the fixed costs, we cannot calculate the break-even point.
Additionally, the information does not provide the contribution margin per unit, which is necessary to determine the break-even point. The contribution margin represents the portion of each unit's revenue that contributes to covering the fixed costs and generating a profit.
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While Operations and Supply Chain Management has been around for many years, provide at least two factors which account for the resurgence of interest in OSCM today.
Operations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM) has been around for many years. However, there are two major factors that account for the resurgence of interest in OSCM.
Here they are:1. Globalization Globalization has resulted in increased competition in the world of business. Many companies have come to realize that in order to stay competitive, they need to optimize their operations and supply chains. As a result, there is a renewed interest in OSCM as companies seek to streamline their processes and enhance efficiency.2. Technological advancementsThe advancement of technology has revolutionized the way businesses operate. Today, businesses have access to various software tools that can help optimize their operations and supply chains. Additionally, technological advancements have resulted in new business models and supply chain structures. This has led to a renewed interest in OSCM as businesses seek to leverage technology to enhance their operations and supply chains.
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Siambanopolis Company
Presented below are selected transactions from Siambanopolis Company for 2015. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis. You will have to calculate accumulated amortization. Journalize each transaction.
a) On January 1, the company retired a piece of machinery that was purchased on January 1, 2009 for $6 000. It had a useful life of six years and no residual value.
b) On June 30, the company sold a computer purchased on January 1, 2010. It was sold for $600. The computer cost $4 000 and had a useful life of six years with a residual value of $250.
c) On January 1, the company discarded a delivery truck that was purchased on January 1, 2010. The truck cost $30 000. It was amortized based on a six-year useful life with a $3 000 residual value.
Zaara's Mining Co.
Zaara's Mining Co purchased a mine for $8 million on July 1, 2014. The mine will generate an estimated 30 million tonnes of nickel. The mine has a residual value of $500 000, and the restoration cost at the end of the mine's useful life is estimated at $600 000. In the first year, 5 million tonnes of nickel were extracted.
Prepare the journal entry to record the amortization expense for the first year, ended June 30, 2015.
Beaufort Corporation The following are the transactions concerning the intangible assets of Beaufort Corporation for 2015:
Jan 1 - Paid $200 000 for the artistic development of a trademark. Also paid $50 000 to register the trademark and for the associated legal fees. The useful life of the trademark is indefinite.
Feb 15 - Purchased a patent with an eight year useful life for $480 000.
March 15 - Goodwill was purchased along with the assets of another company for $50 000. It has an indefinite useful life.
April 1 - Research and development costs were incurred amounting to $550 000. There is no marketable product identified to these costs.
Dec 31 - Any amortization on the previous intangible assets is calculated and recorded.
a) Record the journal entries for the above transactions.
b) Record the entries needed for amortization of these assets as at December 31, 2015.
PART B – Short Answer Answer all questions in full sentences. 1. What factors must a company consider when choosing an amortization method to use for a fixed asset? Be sure to refer to IFRS and the effect of the decision on the financial statements. 2. What is the Capital Cost Allowance and how does it affect the amortization of assets?
CCA's tax deduction regulations and rates affect asset amortization. Deferred tax accounting addresses tax-accounting amortization discrepancies.
A company must consider several factors when choosing a fixed asset amortization method. These include the asset's type, useful life, the company's accounting procedures, and relevant accounting standards like IFRS. Under IFRS, the amortization method should represent the company's projected usage of the asset's economic advantages. Straight-line and declining balancing approaches are the most prevalent. The straight-line technique equally distributes asset costs over its lifespan. For assets that create benefits at a steady rate, this expense recognition method may be suitable. The declining balance method, on the other hand, recognizes higher expenses in the early years of an asset's life and lower expenses in later years. This method may be suitable for assets that generate more significant benefits in the early years, such as technology-related assets.
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Consider a small closed economy model with the following information Y = 100 Kali-a a=0.5 K = 144 L = 81 C = 0.75 (Y-T) I = 1200 - 300r T = 800 G= 3,000 a) (4 points) What is the equilibrium real interest rate? b) (1 point) Is the government running a budget deficit or surplus? c) (4 points) Assume now that this economy would like to trade and transitions to a small open economy. If their net exports function is given by NX = 500 - 100€, using the real interest rate you found in part a), what is the equilibrium real exchange rate? d) (1 point) What type of trade balance is this economy running at is real exchange rate?
The economy is running a trade balance of zero, indicating neither a trade surplus nor a trade deficit at the equilibrium real exchange rate.
a) To find the equilibrium real interest rate, we need to equate saving and investment. In a closed economy, saving (S) is equal to investment (I).
S = Y - C - G
S = Y - C - G
= 100 - 0.75(Y - T) - 3,000
= 100 - 0.75(100 - 800) - 3,000
= 100 - 0.75(700) - 3,000
= 100 - 525 - 3,000
= -2,425
I = 1,200 - 300r
Setting S equal to I:
-2,425 = 1,200 - 300r
Rearranging the equation:
300r = 1,200 + 2,425
300r = 3,625
r = 12.08
Therefore, the equilibrium real interest rate is approximately 12.08%.
b) To determine if the government is running a budget deficit or surplus, we need to compare government spending (G) and tax revenue (T).
Budget Balance = T - G
= 800 - 3,000
= -2,200
The budget balance is negative (-2,200), which indicates that the government is running a budget deficit.
c) To find the equilibrium real exchange rate, we need to set net exports (NX) equal to zero in a small open economy:
NX = 500 - 100€
Setting NX equal to zero:
500 - 100€ = 0
100€ = 500
€ = 5
The equilibrium real exchange rate is 5.
d) At the equilibrium real exchange rate of 5, we need to determine the trade balance.
If the net exports (NX) are positive, it implies a trade surplus. Conversely, if the net exports are negative, it implies a trade deficit.
Since the net exports function is given as NX = 500 - 100€, substituting the equilibrium exchange rate of € = 5:
NX = 500 - 100(5)
NX = 500 - 500
NX = 0
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Mr. Graham is saving $450,000 per year in a savings account that is paying annual compound interest of 3%. He intends to continue this for three years after which he will move it to JMMB's long term fund which pays interest of 8% per annum compounded semi-annually. i. How much would he be able to transfer to JMMB after 3 years? (3 marks) ii. How much money will he have at the end of 8 years from today?
i. To calculate the amount Mr. Graham would be able to transfer to JMMB after 3 years, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = the future value
P = the principal amount (initial investment)
r = annual interest rate (in decimal form)
n = number of times the interest is compounded per year
t = number of years
In this case, Mr. Graham is saving $450,000 per year with an annual compound interest rate of 3%. After 3 years, he would have saved a total of $450,000 x 3 = $1,350,000.
Using the formula, we can calculate the amount he would be able to transfer to JMMB:
A = $1,350,000(1 + 0.03/1)^(1 x 3) = $1,350,000(1.03)^3 ≈ $1,486,395.72
Therefore, Mr. Graham would be able to transfer approximately $1,486,395.72 to JMMB after 3 years.
ii. To calculate the amount of money Mr. Graham will have at the end of 8 years, we can use the same formula:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
However, in this case, Mr. Graham will be transferring the amount to JMMB's long term fund, which pays interest of 8% per annum compounded semi-annually. This means the interest is compounded twice a year (n = 2) and the annual interest rate is 8% (r = 0.08).
Using the formula, we can calculate the future value after 8 years:
A = $1,486,395.72(1 + 0.08/2)^(2 x 8) ≈ $1,486,395.72(1.04)^16 ≈ $2,543,849.82
Therefore, Mr. Graham will have approximately
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Rates of school dropout have increased over the past 20 years. True False . School shooters usually act impulsively rarely do they plan their attacks. True O False Ques"
The rates of school dropout have increased over the past 20 years are true. While the statement School shooters usually act impulsively rarely do they plan their attacks is False. Dropout rates in schools have increased in the past 20 years.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 5.4% of the general population aged 16 to 24 years old dropped out of school in 2000. This figure had risen to 6.1% by 2018.On the other hand, the statement School shooters usually act impulsively rarely do they plan their attacks is False. School shooters typically plan their attacks in advance, rather than acting impulsively.
Before committing acts of violence, many perpetrators conduct research or practice using firearms. They may also express their intentions to others or leave behind a note or other form of communication indicating their plans. The rates of school dropout have increased over the past 20 years are true. While the statement School shooters usually act impulsively rarely do they plan their attacks is False. Dropout rates in schools have increased in the past 20 years.
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During January, its first month of operations, Home Manufacturing Ltd. accumulated the following manufacturing costs: raw materials $5,300 on account; factory labour $7,500: and utilities payable $2,900.
Prepare separate journal entries for each type of manufacturing cost.
To record purchase of raw materials on account)
To record factory labour costs)
To record entry for utilities payable)
Home Manufacturing Ltd. recorded the following journal entries for its manufacturing costs during January: Debit Raw Materials (Inventory) for $5,300 and credit Accounts Payable for $5,300 to record the purchase of raw materials on account. Debit Factory Labor for $7,500 and credit Wages Payable for $7,500 to record the factory labor costs. Debit Utility Expenses for $2,900 and credit Accounts Payable for $2,900 to record the entry for utilities payable.
To record the purchase of raw materials on account, the company debits Raw Materials (Inventory) to increase the asset account representing the raw materials acquired. The corresponding credit is made to Accounts Payable, indicating the liability to the supplier for the amount owed.
To record factory labor costs, the company debits Factory Labor as an expense, reflecting the cost of the labor incurred. The credit is made to Wages Payable, representing the amount owed to the employees for their services.
To record the entry for utilities payable, the company debits Utilities Expense to recognize the cost of utilities used in the manufacturing process. The credit is made to Accounts Payable, indicating the amount owed for the utilities consumed.
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Consider a firm facing the following production function for its output .
Unit of variable input 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Total Product (TP) 0 10 25 45 60 70 75 75 70
(b1)At what level of employment does diminishing marginal returns to the variable input set in?
(b2)For this firm, determine the levels of employment that define "stage two" in the production process.
(b3)Suppose the nominal wage is $10 per unit time and the price level is two, find the amount of the variable input the firm would employ to minimize the total cost of production.
(b1) Diminishing marginal returns to the variable input set in when the total product (TP) starts to increase at a decreasing rate. In the given production function.
Unit of variable input: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Total Product (TP): 0 10 25 45 60 70 75 75 70(b1) Diminishing marginal returns occur when the marginal product of the variable input starts to decrease. We can identify this point by examining the changes in total product as the variable input increases:When the variable input increases from 0 to 1, the total product increases by 10.When the variable input increases from 1 to 2, the total product increases by 15.When the variable input increases from 2 to 3, the total product increases by 20.Based on this observation, we can see that the level of employment at which diminishing marginal returns set in is when the variable input increases from 2 to 3 units.
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QUESTION 10 A company is evaluating an investment proposal using the payback period method. Cash inflows are expected to be $80 000 in year 1, $120 000 in year 2, $150 000 in year 3, and $180 000 in year 4. The initial investment required is $380 000. Assuming even cash inflows throughout each year, the payback period is... O 3,17 years 3 years O O 3,47 years. O3.34 years 1 poin
The payback period for the given investment proposal is approximately 3.17 years.
The payback period method is a simple capital budgeting technique that measures the time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash inflows to recover the initial investment cost. In this case, the initial investment required is $380,000.
To calculate the payback period, we need to determine the cumulative cash inflows each year until they exceed or equal the initial investment.
In year 1, the cash inflow is $80,000. In year 2, it is $120,000, resulting in a cumulative cash inflow of $200,000. In year 3, the cash inflow is $150,000, making the cumulative cash inflow $350,000. Finally, in year 4, the cash inflow is $180,000, which brings the cumulative cash inflow to $530,000, exceeding the initial investment.
By analyzing the cumulative cash inflows, we can see that it takes approximately 3.17 years (or 3 years and 2 months) for the total cash inflows to surpass the initial investment of $380,000. Therefore, the payback period for this investment proposal is approximately 3.17 years.
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5) The LC term for the seller's bank is the _____bank. c) payer's a) applicants b) confirming d) receiver's e) beneficiary's f) opening
The LC term for the seller's bank is the confirming bank.
In a Letter of Credit (LC) transaction, the confirming bank plays a crucial role. It is the bank that adds its confirmation to the LC issued by the issuing bank, thereby providing an additional layer of guarantee to the seller (beneficiary). The confirming bank ensures that the payment will be made by the issuing bank as long as the seller complies with the terms and conditions of the LC.
By confirming the LC, the bank takes on the responsibility of payment, even if the issuing bank or the buyer fails to fulfill their obligations. This confirmation gives the seller an assurance of payment, mitigating the risk of non-payment. Hence, the LC term for the seller's bank is the confirming bank.
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Which of the following is most likely for a firm with low inventory turnover and higher sales growth that the industry average? The firm:
A. may be losing sales by not carrying enough inventory
B. may be generating sales by carrying a very broad inventory
C. may have obsolete inventory that requires a writedown
Based on the information provided, it is more likely that option B is the reason for a firm to have low inventory turnover and higher sales growth than the industry average.
This is because a broad inventory allows the firm to cater to a wider range of customer needs and preferences, thereby generating more sales. However, this approach may also lead to excess inventory and result in lower turnover. Option A is less likely because a low inventory level would not necessarily result in a loss of sales, but rather could be due to efficient inventory management. Option C is also less likely because if the inventory was obsolete, it would not contribute significantly to sales growth and would instead require a writedown. Therefore, a broad inventory may be the most probable cause for a low inventory turnover and higher sales growth than the industry average.
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: Manhattan Partners provides management consulting services to government and corporate clients. Manhattan has two support departments administrative services (AS) and information systems (IS)-and two operating departments government consulting (GOVT) and corporate consulting (CORP). For the first quarter of 2020, Manhattan's cost records indicate the following: (Click the icon to view the cost records.) Read the requirements. B C D E A F SUPPORT OPERATING 2 AS IS GOVT CORP Total S 660.000 $3,900,000 $ 7,350,000 $12,550,000 $ 24,460,000 Budgeted overhead costs before any 3 interdepartment cost allocations Support work supplied by AS 4 (budgeted head count) 0 20% 48% 32% 100% Support work supplied by IS 5(budgeted computer time) 10% 27% 63% 100% AS $600,000+ 810 15 $3,900,000+ 0.20 AS Now allocate the support departments' costs (AS and IS department costs that you determined in the prior step) to the two operating departments using the reciprocal method (Round decimal calculations to three decimal places XXX and your final answers to the nearest whole dollar Use parentheses or a minus sign when decreasing departments by allocating costs Enter a "0" for any zero balances) Operating Departments Support Departments AS Reciprocal Method IS GOVT CORP Total Budgeted overhead costs before interdepartment cost allocations 660000 3900000 7350000 12550000 24460000 Allocation of AS costs Allocation of IS costs 24460000 Total budgeted overhead of operating departments
The total budgeted overhead of the operating departments (GOVT and CORP) after allocating the support departments' costs using the reciprocal method is approximately $4,036,679.
To allocate the support departments' costs (AS and IS) to the operating departments (GOVT and CORP) using the reciprocal method, we start with the budgeted overhead costs before interdepartment cost allocations and follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the total support department costs (AS and IS) after allocating costs from other support departments.
AS costs after allocation = AS budgeted costs + (IS allocation to AS * IS costs after allocation)
AS costs after allocation = $660,000 + (0.27 * $3,900,000) = $1,059,300
IS costs after allocation = IS budgeted costs + (AS allocation to IS * AS costs after allocation)
IS costs after allocation = $3,900,000 + (0.15 * $1,059,300) = $4,204,895
Step 2: Allocate the support department costs to the operating departments.
GOVT allocated costs = AS allocation to GOVT * AS costs after allocation + IS allocation to GOVT * IS costs after allocation
GOVT allocated costs = 0.48 * $1,059,300 + 0.63 * $4,204,895 = $2,426,632.92
CORP allocated costs = AS allocation to CORP * AS costs after allocation + IS allocation to CORP * IS costs after allocation
CORP allocated costs = 0.32 * $1,059,300 + 0.27 * $4,204,895 = $1,610,046.55
Step 3: Calculate the total budgeted overhead of the operating departments.
Total budgeted overhead of operating departments = GOVT allocated costs + CORP allocated costs
Total budgeted overhead of operating departments = $2,426,632.92 + $1,610,046.55 = $4,036,679.47
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Problem 22-22 (Algorithmic) (LO. 5, 6) The profit and loss statement of Kitsch Ltd. an corporation shows $180,000 book income, Itsch is owned ally by four short From supplemental data, you obtain the following information about items that are included in book income Selling expenses ($35,000) Tax-exempt Interest income 5,400 Dividends received 16,200 51231 gain 12,600 Depreciation recapture income 18,000 Net Income from passive real estate rentals 9,000 Long-term capital loss (10,500) Salary paid to owners (each) (21,600) Cost of goods sold (162,000) a. Compute Kitch's nonseparately stated income or loss for the tax year The entity's nonseparately stated computed Income 14,900 b. What would be the share of this year's noseparately stated come or less items tur unes tangkene of the Kitsch stehere? 37,250 c. What is James Bllings' share of two exempt interest income, if any Round your answer to the nearest dollar Is the income tavahle to him this year? Not taxable Taxable
a. To compute Kitsch Ltd.'s nonseparately stated income or loss for the tax year, we need to add or subtract the relevant items from the book income:
Nonseparately stated income = Selling expenses + Tax-exempt interest income + Dividends received + Section 1231 gain + Depreciation recapture income + Net income from passive real estate rentals + Long-term capital loss + Salary paid to owners + Cost of goods sold
Nonseparately stated income = $35,000 + $5,400 + $16,200 + $12,600 + $18,000 + $9,000 + (-$10,500) + (-$21,600) + (-$162,000)
Nonseparately stated income = $14,900
Therefore, Kitsch Ltd.'s nonseparately stated income for the tax year is $14,900.
b. The share of the nonseparately stated income or loss items attributable to James Billings would be his proportional ownership share. Since the question does not provide information on the ownership percentages, we cannot determine the specific amount.
c. The question does not provide James Billings' ownership percentage, so we cannot determine his share of the tax-exempt interest income. However, tax-exempt interest income is generally not taxable for individual taxpayers. Therefore, if James Billings receives a share of the tax-exempt interest income, it would not be taxable to him in this year.
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What you hope to learn about Managing. Perhaps there is something
that confuses you about what happens at work, or an experience
where you felt inspired!
Effective leadership skills: Many people aspire to become effective leaders and managers.
Effective leadership skills seek to learn how to inspire and motivate teams, make strategic decisions, communicate effectively, and manage conflicts in the workplace.
Organizational behavior and dynamics: Understanding the complexities of organizational behavior can be crucial for effective management. Learning about team dynamics, employee motivation, organizational culture, and change management helps managers create a positive and productive work environment.
Performance management and goal setting: Managers often aim to develop skills in setting clear goals, providing constructive feedback, and evaluating employee performance. Learning how to align individual and team objectives with organizational goals leads to improved performance and productivity.
Problem-solving and decision-making: Managers face various challenges and decision points on a daily basis. Learning effective problem-solving techniques, critical thinking skills, and decision-making processes helps managers navigate complex situations and make informed choices.
Continuous learning and development: Successful managers understand the importance of lifelong learning and professional development. They seek opportunities to enhance their knowledge and skills through courses, workshops, networking, and staying updated with industry trends.
Overall, managing involves a combination of leadership, communication, organizational understanding, and continuous learning. It's a dynamic field that requires adaptability and the ability to inspire and guide teams toward achieving organizational goals.
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This question is about Solow growth model. Suppose that two
countries are exactly alike in
every respect except that the citizens of country A have a higher
saving rate than the citizens
of country B.
The Solow growth model predicts that, ceteris paribus, the country with a higher saving rate (country A) will experience higher long-term economic growth compared to the country with a lower saving rate (country B).
The Solow growth model, developed by Robert Solow, is an economic model that examines long-term economic growth in a country. One of the key factors in the model is the savings rate, which represents the portion of income that is saved and invested rather than consumed.
According to the Solow growth model, a higher saving rate leads to higher levels of investment, which in turn contributes to increased capital accumulation. With a larger capital stock, productivity and output per worker can increase, leading to long-term economic growth.
In the given scenario, country A has a higher saving rate than country B. Therefore, based on the Solow growth model, country A is expected to experience higher long-term economic growth compared to country B, given that all other factors remain the same.
It's important to note that the Solow growth model simplifies the complex dynamics of economic growth and assumes certain conditions, such as a constant population and a fixed level of technological progress. In reality, numerous other factors can influence economic growth, including human capital, technological advancements, institutional factors, and natural resources.
Based on the Solow growth model, a higher saving rate in country A compared to country B suggests that country A is likely to experience higher long-term economic growth. However, it is essential to consider other factors and real-world complexities that can influence economic growth beyond savings alone.
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Assume you have the opportunity to buy the stock of EDU PLC at an IPO being offered for £8 per share. Although you are interested in buying shares of the company, you are concerned about whether it is fairly priced. The following table summarises the dividend information you would expect in the future: Year 1 2 3 4 Dividend 25p 35p 45p 35p Dividends after year 4 grow at a rate of 5% per annum to infinity. The cost of equity capital is 10%. Please use the appropriate model in order to decide whether to invest in EDU PLC's shares? (6 marks)
Total Value of EDU PLC's Shares = PV of Dividends for Years 1-4 + PV of Dividends after Year 4= £7 + £7= £14 Since model in order to decide.
Introduction EDU PLC is going for an IPO, and its shares are being offered for £8 per share. You want to buy the shares, but you're not sure if the company's shares are priced fairly. The following is a table that outlines the dividend information that you should expect in the future:Year1- 25p2- 35p3- 45p4- 35pDividends after year 4 will grow at a rate of 5% per annum to infinity. The cost of equity capital is 10%. Solution The dividend in year 0 is zero. Using the dividend discount model,
Value10%11£0.2500.9091£0.22792£0.3500.8264£0.28873£0.4500.7513£0.33824£0.3500.6830£0.2397For years 1-4, we use the formula;
P4= D5/(k-g) = 35p/(10%-5%) = 700p. To convert it to pounds, divide by 100, giving £7.For the future, we have an infinite stream of dividends, and the formula for the present value of an infinite series is as follows:PV = D/k-gThe present value of an infinite stream of dividends at a 5% annual growth rate is:£0.35/(10%-5%) = £7.We can now compute the total value of EDU PLC's shares as follows:
Total Value of EDU PLC's Shares = PV of Dividends for Years 1-4 + PV of Dividends after Year 4= £7 + £7= £14 Since model in order to decide.
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please help solve requirements 1-2 and i will give a thumbs up
The Polaris Company uses a job-order costing system. The following transactions occurred in October: a. Raw materials purchased on account, $209,000. b. Raw materials used in production, $189,000 ($15
In October, The Polaris Company, which utilizes a job-order costing system, had two significant transactions related to raw materials. Firstly, they purchased raw materials on account for a total of $209,000. Secondly, they used $189,000 worth of raw materials in production.
These transactions have implications for the cost of goods sold and inventory valuation, as well as the overall financial records of the company. The purchase of raw materials on account for $209,000 is a significant transaction for The Polaris Company. This transaction increases the raw materials inventory and creates an accounts payable liability. The raw materials are considered an asset on the balance sheet until they are used in production. The second transaction involves the usage of $189,000 worth of raw materials in production. This usage directly impacts the cost of goods sold (COGS) and the inventory valuation. The raw materials used are transferred from the raw materials inventory to the work-in-progress (WIP) inventory as they are incorporated into the production process. To calculate the COGS, the cost of the raw materials used in production is transferred from the WIP inventory to the finished goods inventory. From the finished goods inventory, the cost is then transferred to the COGS when the goods are sold. These transactions also have implications for the financial records of The Polaris Company. The purchase of raw materials increases the accounts payable, which represents the amount owed to suppliers. The usage of raw materials affects the inventory valuation and ultimately impacts the company's financial statements, such as the balance sheet and income statement. Overall, these transactions involving the purchase and usage of raw materials in October have a direct impact on the cost of goods sold, inventory valuation, and financial records of The Polaris Company.
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Discuss key aspects of internal environment analysis a strategic
team should consider when conducting an environment mapping.
Internal environment analysis refers to an assessment of the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization. The following are the key aspects of the internal environment that a strategic team should consider when conducting an environment .
mapping: Resources: A company's resources are all of the items that it owns and uses to create products or services, including its employees, buildings, technology, and other assets. Capabilities: A company's capabilities are its unique skills or abilities that allow it to compete with other businesses. These include things like research and development, marketing, and customer service.
Structure: The structure of an organization refers to how its various departments and units are organized. The way that a company is structured can have a significant impact on how effectively it can operate. Culture: An organization's culture is its set of values, beliefs, and practices. A strong culture can help motivate employees and ensure that everyone is working toward the same goals. Management: The quality of a company's management team can be a major factor in its success. Effective leaders can motivate employees and make strategic decisions that help the company achieve its objectives. Finances: Finally, the financial health of a company is an important aspect of its internal environment. If a company is profitable and has access to adequate capital, it will be better positioned to invest in growth and compete with other businesses.
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Dollar Effect of Each of the Six Transactions Ending Balance 6 $55,000 $(7,000) $(3,000) 3,000 $(11,000) 11,000 $2,000 (2,000) $15,000) Accounts Cash Investments (short-term) Notes receivable (due in six months) Computer equipment Delivery truck Notes payable (due in 10 years) Common stock (2,500 shares) Additional paid-in capital 5,000 32,000 25,000 5,000 50,000 Required: 2. Prepare a classified balance sheet for Volz Cleaning, Inc., at the end of March. VOLZ CLEANING, INC. Balance Sheet Liabilities Current assets: Liabilities: Total current assets 0 0 Total liabites Stockholders' Equity < Prev 4 of 4 Next Required: 2. Prepare a classified balance sheet for Volz Cleaning, Inc., at the end of March. VOLZ CLEANING, INC. Balance Sheet Assets Liabilities Current assets: Liabilities: Total current assets 0 Total liabilities Stockholders' Equity Total stockholders' equity 0 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity Total assets
Based on the provided information, the dollar effect of each transaction and the ending balances of the accounts, we can prepare a classified balance sheet for Volz Cleaning, Inc. at the end of March.
VOLZ CLEANING, INC. Balance Sheet March 31
Assets:
Current Assets:
Cash: $55,000
Investments (short-term): $(7,000)
Notes Receivable (due in six months): $(3,000)
Total Current Assets: $45,000
Property, Plant, and Equipment:
Computer Equipment: $3,000
Delivery Truck: $11,000
Total Property, Plant, and Equipment: $14,000
Total Assets: $59,000
Liabilities:
Current Liabilities:
Notes Payable (due in 10 years): $(2,000)
Total Current Liabilities: $(2,000)
Total Liabilities: $(2,000)
Stockholders' Equity:
Common Stock (2,500 shares): $15,000
Additional Paid-in Capital: $2,000
Total Stockholders' Equity: $17,000
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: $15,000
Balances and classification of accounts are based on the provided information.
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Zack manages, and is the primary stylist at, Snyder Cuts, a single, solitary, unaffiliated barbershop located in California, downstairs from Zack's apartement.
Snyder Cuts is incorporated in California and Zack is one of 4 shareholders. The other shareholders are his neighbor, Clark, his childhood pen pal Bruce, a US citizen living in England, as well as the Estate of Duane Snyder, a lifelong Californian who was the shop's founder and namesake. Zack earns $60,000 per year as manager and stylist. Clark is a newspaper reporter and earns $55,000. Duane Snyder's estate is worth approximately $65,000. Their income/net worth corresponds to a 15% dividend tax rate, if applicable. Bruce is rich, but due to both clever accounting and his residency in England, he, like his fellow Snyder Cuts shareholders, pays US personal income taxes at a rate of 22%. The barbershop is popular and usually records a sizable profit. The board of directors regularly declares and distributes dividends. Is it more advantageous for the shareholders if Snyder Cuts is an s-Corp, a C-Corp or a close corporation? Why? a. If Snyder Cuts issues only one class of stock, it should form as an S-Corp, so it can take advantage of pass-thru entity taxation b. of Snyder Cuts is an independent entity, it should form as a C-Corp, so it can take advantage of pass-thru entity taxation c. of Snyder Cuts issues only one class of stock, it should form as a close corp so it can take advantage of enhanced shareholder protections d. Snyder Cuts should form as an S-Corp so it can take advantage of the low corporate tax rate, and low dividend tax rate e. It does not matter which form Snyder Cuts takes, because it will still be subject to state and federal taxes
The most advantageous form for Snyder Cuts would be option (a) - If Snyder Cuts issues only one class of stock, it should form as an S-Corp, so it can take advantage of pass-thru entity taxation.
Here's why:
Pass-Through Entity Taxation: As an S-Corporation, Snyder Cuts can enjoy the benefits of pass-through taxation. This means that the profits and losses of the company are passed through to the shareholders' individual tax returns. Since the shareholders in Snyder Cuts have relatively lower income tax rates, the pass-through taxation allows them to potentially pay less in taxes compared to a C-Corporation.
Dividend Tax Rate: The shareholders of Snyder Cuts are subject to a 15% dividend tax rate. By forming as an S-Corporation, the company can distribute profits to its shareholders as dividends, which will be taxed at the lower dividend tax rate. This can result in tax savings for the shareholders compared to a C-Corporation where dividends are subject to both corporate and individual income taxes.
Flexibility and Simplicity: Forming as an S-Corporation provides the shareholders with flexibility in terms of income distribution and ownership structure. It also offers relatively simpler administrative and compliance requirements compared to a C-Corporation or a close corporation.
Limited Liability: Regardless of the form Snyder Cuts takes, it can still provide the shareholders with limited liability protection, which is a standard feature of corporations.
Therefore, forming as an S-Corporation would be the most advantageous option for Snyder Cuts, considering the lower tax rates, pass-through taxation benefits, and the simplicity it offers.
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Keep a paper and pen to do your calculations before selecting your answers. FELQ1 Homework Unanswered Jake is planning to expand his economic consulting services for the next month. He can do this by employing more economic consultants to run regressions and by renting a software that performs regressions. If he adds another employee to his firm, he will be able to serve 5 more clients in a month, if he rents the software he will serve an additional 10 clients a month. The going monthly salary for an economic consultant is $3,000. The software can be rented for 58,000 a month. What should Jake do lower his costs? Select an answer and submit For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a He should rent the software. b He should hire another employee. C He should rent the software and also hire an employee. d Cannot say Unanswered Lubna
Renting the software provides a cost-effective solution for Jake to expand his consulting services while minimizing the expenses associated with hiring an additional employee. (Option A)
Renting the software allows Jake to serve an additional 10 clients a month, which helps increase his revenue without incurring the high cost of hiring another employee. By renting the software, Jake can save on the monthly salary of $3,000 for an economic consultant. This cost-saving strategy enables him to expand his consulting services while keeping his expenses relatively lower. Moreover, since the software rental cost of $58,000 is less than the monthly salary of an employee, it presents a more cost-effective option for Jake. By making this choice, Jake can efficiently manage his resources and maximize his profitability in the short term. However, the optimal decision may also depend on factors such as the long-term growth potential, the need for specialized expertise, and the scalability of the consulting services.
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2 Examples of company or brand using single channel
retailing approach. Give Explanation
A single channel retailing approach refers to a strategy where a company or brand uses only one method to sell and distribute its products to consumers. This can include selling through physical stores, e-commerce websites, direct mail, or other methods.
By using only one channel, companies can simplify their operations and focus on delivering a consistent customer experience, two examples of companies that use a single channel retailing approach:
1. Warby Parker: Warby Parker is an eyewear brand that sells prescription glasses and sunglasses through its e-commerce website. The company was founded in 2010 with the goal of disrupting the traditional eyewear industry by offering high-quality, affordable glasses online. By using only one channel to sell its products, Warby Parker is able to keep its costs low and pass on the savings to customers. The company also provides a virtual try-on feature on its website, which allows customers to see how different frames will look on their face before making a purchase.
2. Tesla: Tesla is an electric car company that sells its vehicles directly to consumers through its own retail stores. The company was founded in 2003 with the goal of accelerating the transition to sustainable transportation. By using a single channel to sell its products, Tesla is able to control the entire customer experience, from the initial test drive to the final delivery. The company also provides a unique buying experience, with knowledgeable salespeople who can answer questions and help customers configure their cars to their liking.In conclusion, a single channel retailing approach can be an effective strategy for companies that want to simplify their operations and focus on delivering a consistent customer experience.
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You have ksh 10 million which to invest in shareslisted in
nairobi securites exchange. If tue minimum amount you can invest in
any shares is sh 1 million, how would you allocate the shs 10
million
To allocate Ksh 10 million in shares listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), follow these steps:
1. Research: Begin by researching the various companies listed on the NSE and their financial performance, growth prospects, and dividend history. Look for companies with a strong track record and potential for future growth.
2. Diversification: Aim to diversify your investment across different sectors (e.g., banking, manufacturing, and technology) to reduce risk and enhance the potential for returns.
3. Allocation: Since the minimum investment amount is Ksh 1 million, you can invest in up to 10 different shares. Allocate the Ksh 10 million based on the weightage you assign to each share, considering factors like the company's market position, industry prospects, and your risk tolerance.
4. Monitor: Regularly monitor your investments and the companies' performance, and make adjustments as needed to optimize your portfolio.
Remember to invest in shares after thorough research and risk assessment, and consult a financial advisor if needed. Good luck with your investments!
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Gibson Company operates three segments. Income statements for the segments imply that profitability could be improved if Segment A were eliminated. GIBSON COMPANY Income Statements for Year 2 A B с Segment Sales $251,000 $251,000 $ 165,000 (121,000) Cost of goods sold (83,000) (85,000) Sales commissions (21,000) (29,000) (29,000) Contribution margin 23,000 139,000 137,000 (42,000) (35,000) General fixed operating expenses (allocation of president's salary) Advertising expense (specific to individual divisions) (31,000) 0 (5,000) (18,000) Net income (loss) $ (24,000) $ 86,000 $106,000 Required a. Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. b. Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Required a. Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. b. Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. Relevant Rev. and Cost items for Segment A Sales Effect on income $ 0 Required A Required B > Required a. Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. b. Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. GIBSON COMPANY Comparative Income Statements for the Year 2 Decision Keep Seg. A Eliminate Seg. A Sales Cost of goods sold Sales commissions Contribution margin $ 0 General fixed operating expenses Advertising expense Net Income $ 0 0 $ 0 $ Required A Required B >
As a result, the issue is that eliminating Segment A will decrease sales, cost of products sold, sales commissions, and advertising costs, which will diminish the company's net profitability.
Required A: The following schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A is as follows:
Relevant Rev. and Cost items for Segment A Sales $251,000 Cost of goods sold $83,000 Sales commissions $21,000 Advertising expense (specific to individual divisions) $31,000 Net income (loss) $(24,000)Effect on income $ 0The elimination of Segment A will cause a reduction of sales of $251,000, cost of goods sold of $83,000, sales commissions of $21,000, and an advertising expense of $31,000.
Required B: The following are the comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A.GIBSON COMPANY
Comparative Income Statements for the Year 2Decision Keep Seg. A Eliminate Seg. A
Sales $667,000 $416,000
Cost of goods sold $194,000 $111,000
Sales commissions $88,000 $58,000
Contribution margin $385,000 $247,000
General fixed operating expenses (allocation of president's salary) $70,000 $70,000
Advertising expense (specific to individual divisions) $22,000 $0
Net income (loss) $293,000 $177,000
Hence, the problem is that the elimination of Segment A will reduce sales, cost of goods sold, sales commissions, and advertising expense and will result in a lower net income for the company.
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This case study
1. As a manager, you're constantly thinking about supply and demand, even if not specifically in those termsYou're wondering if people will buy a new product you are developing, for example, or you're trying to figure out if you have enough units on hand to fill all the orders customers made after a marketing campaign
While we all recognize the importance of supply and demand in the business world, it's important to go further into what it means in terms of reaching your objectivesDiscuss five reasons why demand analysis essential to your firms.
2. Is economics vital in the realm of business?
1. Demand analysis is essential for firms as it guides product development, helps forecast sales, optimizes pricing strategies, identifies market trends, and evaluates marketing impact.
2. Yes, economics is vital in business as it provides a framework for resource allocation, market analysis, decision-making, risk assessment, and adaptation to market conditions.
1. Demand analysis is essential for firms because it helps:
Determine market potential and identify target customers, enabling effective product development and marketing strategies.Forecast future sales and demand trends, assisting in production planning and inventory management.Optimize pricing strategies by understanding consumer preferences, willingness to pay, and price elasticity of demand.Evaluate the impact of external factors (e.g., competition, economic conditions) on demand, enabling proactive decision-making.Identify opportunities for market expansion, diversification, and new product development based on emerging customer needs and trends.2. Yes, economics is vital in the realm of business. Economics provides a framework for understanding and analyzing the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited human wants. In the business context, economics helps firms make informed decisions by considering factors such as market demand, costs, pricing, production efficiency, and profitability. It provides insights into supply and demand dynamics, market structures, consumer behavior, and macroeconomic factors that influence business operations.
Knowledge of economics helps businesses optimize resource allocation, minimize costs, maximize revenue, and maintain competitiveness. Economic principles and concepts are utilized in various areas of business, including strategic planning, marketing, finance, operations, and human resources. By applying economic theories and tools, businesses can make informed decisions, mitigate risks, and achieve their objectives in an ever-changing economic environment.
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Most foreign exchange transactions are through the U.S. dollar.
If the transaction is expressed as the foreign currency per dollar
this is known as ____ whereas _______ are expressed as dollars per
fo
Most foreign exchange transactions are through the U.S. dollar. If the transaction is expressed as the foreign currency per dollar, this is known as the direct quote whereas the indirect quotes are expressed as dollars per-foreign currency.
What is foreign exchange?Foreign exchange is the exchange of one currency for another in the global market of foreign exchange. This exchange is performed with the aim of conducting trade, tourism, or commerce transactions. Most of these transactions are carried out with the US dollar. Forex is one of the biggest markets in the world, with a volume of more than $5 trillion daily.
A foreign exchange quote consists of a base currency and a quote currency. If the transaction is expressed as the foreign currency per dollar, it is known as the direct quote.
On the other hand, if the transaction is expressed as dollars per-foreign currency, it is known as the indirect quote. The two types of quotes used in the foreign exchange market are direct and indirect quotes.
The direct quote is expressed as foreign currency per dollar, while the indirect quote is expressed as dollars per-foreign currency.
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If you put up $24,000 today in exchange for a 7.00 percent, 11-year annuity, what will the annual cash flow be? Multiple Choice $5,093.17 $3,043.03 $3,200.57 $3,361.83 $2,181.82
The annual cash flow of the annuity will be approximately $3,043.
.
to calculate the annual cash flow of an annuity, we can use the present value of an annuity formula:
pv = pmt × [1 - (1 + r)⁽⁻ⁿ⁾] / r
where:
pv = present value (initial investment) = $24,000
pmt = annual cash flow
r = interest rate per period = 7.00% = 0.07
n = number of periods = 11
substituting the given values into the formula:
$24,000 = pmt × [1 - (1 + 0.07)⁽⁻¹¹⁾] / 0.07
solving for pmt:
pmt = $24,000 × 0.07 / [1 - (1 + 0.07)⁽⁻¹¹⁾]
= $24,000 × 0.07 / (1 - 1.7183)
= $24,000 × 0.07 / (-0.7183)
≈ $3,043.03 03.
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must be of 1-2 pages
Q2: Define human resources management and analyze how it relates to the management process. (Marks-15)
Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic approach to managing the workforce of an organization. It involves the recruitment, selection, training, development, and retention of employees. The primary goal of HRM is to maximize the productivity and performance of an organization through effective management of its employees.
HRM is an integral part of the management process. It is the responsibility of the HR department to ensure that the organization has the right people with the right skills, knowledge, and attitude to achieve its goals. HRM is closely related to the planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling functions of management.
In the directing phase, HRM trains and develops employees to perform at their best. Finally, in the controlling phase, HRM evaluates and measures the performance of employees to ensure that the organization's goals are being met.
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Profit maximization does not always lead to wealth maximization because O it does not consider the riskiness of the cash flows. O it does not consider the timing of the cash flows. O it does not consider the expected future cash flows. O all of these are correct
Profit maximization does not always lead to wealth maximization because it fails to consider important factors such as the riskiness of cash flows, the timing of cash flows, and the expected future cash flows.
While profit maximization is a common goal for businesses, it is not always synonymous with wealth maximization. Wealth maximization takes into account the overall value and long-term success of a business, considering factors beyond immediate profitability.
One reason why profit maximization may not lead to wealth maximization is the riskiness of cash flows. Profitability alone does not consider the level of risk associated with generating those profits. A business may be highly profitable in the short term but face significant risks that could jeopardize its long-term sustainability and value.
Similarly, the timing of cash flows is crucial for wealth maximization. Profit maximization may focus on maximizing short-term profits, but it may neglect the importance of cash flows over time. Businesses need to consider the consistency and predictability of cash flows to ensure sustainable growth and long-term wealth creation.
Lastly, profit maximization may not consider the expected future cash flows, which are essential for wealth maximization. Future cash flows, such as investments in research and development or expansion projects, can contribute to the long-term value and growth of a business. Ignoring these expected future cash flows can limit wealth maximization potential.
Therefore, considering the riskiness of cash flows, the timing of cash flows, and the expected future cash flows are crucial for wealth maximization, even if they may not align with short-term profit maximization goals.
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the concept of disparate impact is significant in employment law because it
The concept of disparate impact is significant in employment law because it addresses discrimination that occurs unintentionally but still has a disproportionately negative impact on certain protected groups.
It focuses on the outcomes or consequences of employment practices rather than the intent behind them, ensuring that employers cannot engage in practices that disproportionately disadvantage certain groups, even if there is no intentional discrimination.
Disparate impact is a legal concept that recognizes the significance of unintentional discrimination in employment practices. It refers to situations where an employment policy or practice, although seemingly neutral on its face, has a disproportionately adverse impact on individuals from certain protected groups, such as racial or ethnic minorities, women, or individuals with disabilities.
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