False, reversible gene silencing through frameshift indels and frameshift scars provide adaptive plasticity for mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, is known to have a high degree of genetic plasticity, which allows it to adapt to different environments and evade the host immune response. However, reversible gene silencing through frameshift indels and frameshift scars is not a known mechanism of adaptation for M. tuberculosis. Frameshift indels are mutations that occur in the DNA sequence and cause a shift in the reading frame, which can result in the production of truncated or non-functional proteins. Frameshift scars are specific DNA sequences that are known to cause frameshift mutations.
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As part of a lab experiment, you create a two-locus cross between two plants, and you expect to see a 9:3:3:1
ratio of offspring. You determine the phenotype for 160 offspring, and find the proportions 89:51:9:10. If you use a
chi-square test to determine whether the offspring do indeed fit this pattern, how many degrees of freedom
would the test have?
a. 2
b. 1
c. 4
d. 3
The Chi-square value is zero if there is no difference between the actual and anticipated data. The Chi-square value will rise with increasing disparity.
What is the meaning of chi-square test?Chi-square tests allow us to compare observed and expected frequencies objectively because it is not always feasible to tell whether they are "different enough" to be regarded as statistically significant merely by looking at them.
The Chi-square value is a single number that adds all all the variations between the data we actually have and the data we would expect if there were no variations. If there is no discrepancy between the actual and expected data, the Chi-square value is 0. A greater difference will result in a greater Chi-square value.
Using a statistical test called the chi-square, one can compare actual findings with predictions. This test's objective is to establish whether a discrepancy between actual and expected data is the result of chance, or if the variables under consideration are related, in some way.
Therefore, the correct answer is option a. 2.
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How would owners of a nursery react if hundredsof cotimers wanted to buy cactus plants at the the current price of P150 when the nursery has 25 plants to sell?.
Given the high demand from its factories, it would be preferable to let the corporation raise the price of its product up until the point at which supply and demand are equal and an equilibrium is reached.
From that option of situation, the nursery will no longer think of some unnecessary actions that could possibly lead into headache. In economics, the relationship between the quantity of a good or service that producers want to sell at different prices and the quantity that consumers want to buy is known as supply and demand.
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A population of birds exhibits Type II survivorship. If laws are imposed that prevent hunting these birds and other protective measures take place, which of the following represents the type of survivorship the bird population would most likely begin to exhibit?
Many bird species have a Type II survivorship curve. In a Type II curve, organisms die more or less equally at each age interval.
What are organisms in biology?Biological Organisms: Living things that are capable of reacting to stimuli, reproduction, growth, and homeostasis. Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea.
What is organism and functions?An organism is defined as any neighboring living system which is to be alive and performs various functions like growth, movement, reproduction, respiration, nutrition and excretion. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
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Using the brake pedal analogy, explain the impact on the cell cycle of one mutated tumorsuppressor gene allele versus two mutated tumor suppressor alleles.If there is only one mutated tumor allele, the effect is the same as if there are no mutated genes, pressing thebrakes on the car only when prompted. However two mutated tumor suppressor alleles presents a differentoutcome as it appears as if the brakes are indefinitely pushed downwards, preventing any future cell cycleprogression.
Tumor suppressor genes work by preventing cancer cell division and thus preventing tumor formation. Because mutations in this gene result in loss of function, it is usually recessive.
This means that tumor suppressor genes slow the growth of cancer cells. It inhibits tumor growth. The car or cancer formation can be halted even if one of the brakes (one tumor suppressor gene) fails. However, because tumor suppressor gene mutations are recessive, if two brakes fail, the car will not stop. Furthermore, the tumor will be expressed and formed.
If only one mutated tumor allele exists, the effect is the same as if no mutated genes exist, with the brakes applied only when necessary.
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For each disease or disorder, click on the correct inheritance pattern or chromosomal alteration.Cystic fibrosisAUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
Chronic cough, upper respiratory infections, and difficulties clearing Phlegm from the airways are symptoms of the autosomal recessive disease cystic fibrosis.
Phlegm builds up in the lungs and digestive tract as a result of the hereditary disease cystic fibrosis. Infections of the lungs and issues with food digestion result from this. The ailment normally manifests as early childhood symptoms that change from kid to child. Over time, however, the condition slowly deteriorates, causing increased harm to the lungs and digestive system. Unfortunately, life expectancy is decreased despite the fact that there are treatments to help ease the challenges brought on by the condition and make it simpler to live with.
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are the chemoreceptor cells inside the taste buds. each gustatory cell terminates in a gustatory hair, which projects into the saliva to detect dissolved chemicals
Answer:
Gustatory Cells are the chemoreceptor cells inside the taste buds.
Explanation:
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Carbon Cycle - Please answer the following using the words in the word bank
(Word bank words can be used either once, or not at all).
Word Bank:
soil erosion, natural gas, oxygen, burning of fossil fuels, coal, coal, natural gas, respiration, greenhouse effect, oil, ocean, climate change, photosynthesis, glucose, oil, carbon dioxide, fermentation oil, ozone, methane, carbon monoxide, natural gas, decayed, coal
Plants and other photoautotrophs use CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the process of ______ to make ______ and oxygen. Both plants and animals use oxygen in the biological process of ______ and make more CO2. The _____ is the main regulator of CO2 in the atmosphere, because it covers most of the Earth and CO2 dissolves easily in it. Millions of years ago, huge deposits of carbon were stored, which were formed from dead plants and other ______ organisms. Today these deposits are burned as fossil fuels, which include ______, ______, and ______. More CO2 is released in the atmosphere today than in the past because of the _____. But _____ is a greenhouse gas, as is water, and methane, and too much CO2 in the atmosphere may be responsible for human accelerated ______.
Plants and other photoautotrophs use CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the process of photosynthesis to make glucose and oxygen.
What is the role of the carbon cycle?Both plants and animals use oxygen in the biological process of respiration and make more CO2. The ocean is the main regulator of CO2 in the atmosphere because it covers most of the Earth and CO2 dissolves easily in it.
Millions of years ago, huge deposits of carbon were stored, which were formed from dead plants and other decayed organisms. Today these deposits are burned as fossil fuels, which include coal, natural gas, and carbon dioxide.
More CO2 is released into the atmosphere today than in the past because of the ozone.
Therefore, carbon monoxide is a greenhouse gas, as is water, and methane and too much CO2 in the atmosphere may be responsible for the human accelerated burning of fossil fuels.
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if you want to study family relationship between organisms, what part of the genome would you rather follow? group of answer choices
a. genes that code for non-essential proteins b. genes that code for essential proteins or rna c. segments of dna that do not code for proteins
NEED HELP ASAP Observations: Record any observations about the cells you observed. What does the cell look like for each stage? What is a distinguishing visible feature of each stage of the cell cycle?
Stages Description of Cell
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Data Analysis:
Interphase: During interphase, the cell is in a growth and metabolic activity phase. The cell appears round and uniform in shape with a visible nucleus and cytoplasm. The chromosomes are not visible during this stage.
Prophase: During prophase, the chromosomes begin to condense and become visible. The cell appears slightly elongated as the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell. The nuclear envelope begins to break down.
Metaphase: During metaphase, the chromosomes are fully condensed and aligned at the center of the cell, known as the metaphase plate. The cell appears elongated and the chromosomes are clearly visible.
Anaphase: During anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled apart and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. The cell appears elongated with chromosomes at opposite ends.
Telophase: During telophase, the chromosomes begin to decondense and return to an interphase state. The nuclear envelope reforms and the cell appears round and uniform in shape with a visible nucleus and cytoplasm.
Cytokinesis: During cytokinesis, the cell physically divides and two daughter cells are formed. The cells appears to be identical to the parent cell but smaller in size.
A distinguishing visible feature of each stage of the cell cycle is the appearance and organization of the chromosomes. In interphase, the chromosomes are not visible, in prophase they start to condense and become visible, in metaphase they are fully condensed and aligned in the center, in anaphase they are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell, in telophase they begin to decondense and return to an interphase state and in cytokinesis the cells physically divide.
QUESTION 2
Microorganisms that are aerobic require oxygen to live.
O True
O False
is energy accumulated in glucose is released in cells all at once through a single explosive reaction?
Glucose stores so much energy that if it were all released at once, it could damage the cell
What is energy ?If all the energy in glucose were released at once, the cell might be harmed. Similar to how your car burns gasoline little by little (rather than all at once in a blazing explosion), cells take in glucose's chemical energy little by little over the course of several steps.
Cellular respiration is the process through which stored energy is released and transformed into energy that your cells may utilise once glucose has been digested and transferred to your cells. Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are the three metabolic processes that make up cellular respiration.
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the formation and breakdown of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate ..
group of answer choices a. is catalyzed by the same protein dependant upon whether it is phosphorylated or not. b. is catalyzed by the same protein dependant allosteric regulators. c. is catalyzed by different proteins. d. none of these
The formation and breakdown of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate are catalyzed by the same protein depending upon whether it is phosphorylated or not.
A two-functional enzyme that contains both P-2 and FPase-2, which is dephosphorylated to enable the PK-2 component to phosphorylate fructose 6-phosphate using ATP, is used to create Fru-2,6-P2. Fructose-2,6-P2, also known as fructose 2,6-two phosphate, is a metabolite that controls glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by allosterically influencing the activity of the enzymes fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FPase-1) and phospho-fructokinase 1 (PK-1).
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humans have a diploid number (2n ) of 46 . which of the following statements best predicts the consequence if meiosis did not occur during gametogenesis?
The number of chromosomes would rise for every person in every generation if meiosis did not take place during the formation of gametes (sperm cells as well as egg cells).
The correct option is B.
How do chromosomes work?(KROH-muh-some) a part that is found in the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of genes that are composed of DNA and proteins. There are generally 23 chromosomal pairs in each cell.
What function do chromosomes serve?Chromosomes allow for accurate DNA replication during these cell divisions. I'll tell it one more. Chromosomes are found in the nuclei of our cells, and they enable accurate DNA replication during cell division. This ensures that everything from inside us functions properly and effectively.
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Complete question is:
Which of the following statements best predicts the consequence if meiosis did not occur during gametogenesis?
(A) The gametes would get larger from one generation to the next.
(B) The chromosome number would double with each generation.
(C) The chromosome number would be halved with each generation.
(D) The chromosome number would triple with each generation.
which is true regarding thermal support for mice during anesthesia?
c) Mice lose body heat rapidly under anesthesia
Hypothermia, this is the condition which is adverse effect for mice during anesthesia.
This is generally done in small rodents such as mice.
hypothermia is a condition where body has a low body temperature, excess shivering and cold therefore, external thermal support is needed.
Duration for recovery is longer in injectable anesthesia rather than the inhalable anesthesia.
the thermal support duration is for 1 hour and it is necessary for the mice recovery.
anesthesia is also given to rodents in inhalable way as it is much safer and has more recovery than the injectable one which has very low rate if recovery.
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in addition to her sidelights, sternlight, and towing lights, a vessel towing astern carries three white lights in a vertical line when____
In addition to her sidelights, stern light, and towing lights, a vessel towing astern carries three white lights in a vertical line when the length of the tow, measured from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow exceeds 200 m.
Stern light: What is it?Stern light refers to a white light that is as close to the stern as is practical, illuminating a 135-degree arc of the horizon without interruption, and fixed so that it is visible 67.5 degrees from the right aft on each side of the boat.
Commercial ships will replace their stern lights with one or more yellow lights when towing or pushing a barge. The space between the lights visible on the bow and stern of the composite vessel made up of the commercial vessel and its barge may be dark for several hundred yards (s).
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45. In nursing process,assessing the clients response/reaction to nursing intervention is
A. Implementation C. Assessment
B. Diagnosis D. Evaluation
Answer:
D. Evaluation
Explanation:
The nursing process is a systematic, patient-centered approach to providing care. It is divided into five steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
After an accident John died on the spot. Doctors said that he got hurt on the skull. Which part of the brain could be hurt?
PLS HELP , (I know the answer, but I need an answer of 4-lines) please, I am giving you 20 points...
Answer: The Brain Stem:
(You welcome)
Explanation:
The brain stem, because it is responsible for vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. If your brain stem is damaged it causes death because it controls your heart and breathing and your awareness The brain stem.
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which of the following are impacts of biodiversity through overfishing? check all that apply decreased food security destruction of habitat damage to coral reefs loss of biodiversity
habitat degradation and decreased food security. Except for overfishing, which occurs when fishing boats take more fish than the ocean can sustain, taking fish is not intrinsically detrimental for the ocean.
One of the most important causes of reductions in maritime wildlife populations is fishing. Bycatch, the capture of undesirable marine life when fishing for a different species, and overfishing are strongly related. Overfishing harms the maritime ecosystem, but also other areas. Fish is a source of protein for billions of people, and millions of people around the world depend on fishing as their main source of income.
Improved ocean resource management and conservation efforts are being made by many persons who are involved in fishing. The WWF focuses on sustainable techniques that protect ecosystems while also sustaining human life and ensuring food security and livelihood.
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Compare and contrast density-dependent growth regulation with density-independent growth regulation. Give an example of each as they might affect a caterpillar population.
a. Both are environmental conditions that result in changes in population numbers. Density-independent factors have different effects on population densities whereas density-dependent factors have the same effect. An example of the former is a caterpillar population being kept low by a pesticide because it kills them regardless of their numbers. In the case of the latter, a large caterpillar population leads to a decrease in food availability, which will cause the caterpillar population to decline.
b. Both are environmental conditions that result in changes in population numbers. Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities whereas density-dependent factors have different effects. An example of the former is of a caterpillar population being kept low by a pesticide because it kills them regardless of their numbers. In the case of the latter, a large caterpillar population leads to a decrease in food availability, which will cause the caterpillar population to decline.
c. Both are environmental conditions that result in changes in population numbers. Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities whereas density-dependent factors have different effects. An example of the former is of a caterpillar population being kept low by a pesticide because it kills them when their numbers are low. In the case of the latter, a large caterpillar population leads to a decrease in food availability, which will cause the caterpillar population to decline.
d. Both are environmental conditions that result in changes in population numbers. Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities whereas density-dependent factors have different effects. An example of the former is of a caterpillar population being kept low by a pesticide because it kills them regardless of their numbers. In the case of the latter, a large caterpillar population leads to a decrease in food availability, which will cause the caterpillar population to increase.
Compare and contrast density-dependent growth regulation with density-independent growth regulation. Give an example of each as they might affect a caterpillar population.
Both are environmental conditions that result in changes in population numbers. Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities whereas density-dependent factors have different effects. An example of the former is of a caterpillar population being kept low by a pesticide because it kills them regardless of their numbers. In the case of the latter, a large caterpillar population leads to a decrease in food availability, which will cause the caterpillar population to decline.
What is population?
Typically, when someone uses the word "population," they are referring to the entire population of a given area, such as a city or town, region, country, continent, or the entire world. Governments commonly conduct censuses to estimate the number of residents living within their jurisdiction. A census is a process for obtaining, analysing, summarising, and publishing facts regarding a population.
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fill in the blank. the link reaction___enters the mitochondria from the cytoplasm. one___atom is removed via___, which reduced___into___. the two carbons then attach to___, creating___, which can now enter the krebs cycle.
The carbon dioxide is expelled, acetyl CoA travels to the mitochondria to begin the second stage of the Kreb's Cycle, and NADH transports the high-energy electrons to the electron transport system (stage III).
Which processes take place in the mitochondria and which in the cytoplasm?While glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, the TCA cycle occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix. In the meantime, protons diffuse across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation and are later injected back into the matrix.
What comes from the cytoplasm into mitochondria?Acetyl CoA is produced when pyruvate and fatty acids reach the mitochondrion (bottom). The citric acid cycle then breaks down the acetyl CoA, converting NAD+ to NADH (and FAD to (more...)
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How is soy protein isolate made?
Defatted soybean flakes are used to create soy protein isolate powder, which is then washed either in the alcohol and water to get the sugars and fiber out.Then they are pulverized after being dehydrated.
How is soybean protein produced?(1)"White flakes," produced by dehulling, flaking, and defatting soybeans using hexane extraction, are where the majority of soy proteins come from.
What soy protein isolate adverse effects are there?Constipation, bloating, & nausea are a few minor adverse effects of soy that might affect the stomach and intestines.In certain people, it can also result in allergic reactions that include rash, itching, & breathing difficulties.
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oligosaccharides found on the external surface of the plasma membrane . choose all that apply
A group of monosaccharides are combined to form oligosaccharides, a class of carbohydrates. The can also be found among the membrane's constituent parts.
The required details for membrane in given paragraph
Option A) They can be bound to lipids
Option C) They can be bound to proteins
Option D) They are secreted as antibodies
Describe membrane.
A cell membrane, also referred to as a cellular membrane, is present in every cell and separates the indoor environment of the cell from the surrounding environment. The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer barrier that is semi-permeable. The membrane protein regulates the flow of substances that enter and leave the cell.
What function does a membrane serve?
Membranes are being used more frequently to transform waste, aquifer, and storm water runoff into process water. At the moment, hydrogels are competitive with established techniques. The membrane separating process requires multiple membranes as a precondition. The majority of the lipids and proteins that make up cell membranes are based on fatty acids.
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Complete question
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY Oligosaccharides found on the external surface of the plasma membrane can be attached to the lipids function as enzymes can be attached to the proteins are secreted as antibodies
a. what evidence is there to support the existence of both the young-helmholtz.trichromatic theory of color vision and the opponent-process theory of color vision.
As evidence for the theory, proponents cited the fact that all the colors that can be perceived can be created by mixing three colored lights that differ in wave length.
What is trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory ?According to the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of colour vision, humans are able to see colour because their eyes can blend light from three separate wavelengths to form the whole visible spectrum.
Color vision is explained in part by the opponent process theory. The other two cone cell types are inhibited when one type of cone cell is activated. It is believed that this opposing mechanism is what determines how we see colour and why some people get afterimages.
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Kernicterus can cause brain damage in newborns suffering from severe HDFN. This is due to a buildup of:A) unconjugated bilirubinB) hematocritC) haptoglobinD) hemoglobin
Kernicterus can cause brain damage in newborns suffering from severe HDFN. This is due to a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin.
What is HDFN?
HDFN stands for Hemophilia, a genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. It is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the genes that control the production of certain proteins involved in blood clotting. People with hemophilia have a higher risk of bleeding and bruising, and may require frequent treatment and monitoring to keep their condition under control.
Therefore, Option A is correct.
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___, in bacterial cells, the translation of ____ can begin as soon as the blank of the blank molecule peels away from the dna template. in eukaryotic cells, however, transcription and translation are separated in space and time as a result of the eukaryotyic cell`s ___.
No, in bacterial cells, the translation of mRNA can begin as soon as the 5 end of the mRNA molecule peels away from the DNA template. In eukaryotic cells, however, transcription and translation are separated in space and time as a result of the eukaryotyic cell's nuclear membrane.
An RNA subtype that is present in cells. The genetic material required to produce proteins is carried by mRNA molecules. They transport data from the DNA in the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm, where proteins are produced. also known as messenger RNA.
Each mRNA includes instructions for producing a particular protein. This manual functions as a "blueprint." These instructions are delivered by mRNA, and cells assemble the protein as a result.
RNA comes in a variety of forms. Messenger RNA, or mRNA, is one kind of RNA. Ribosomes use mRNA, which is RNA, to make proteins. While all RNA forms contribute to the production of proteins, mRNA serves as the actual messenger.
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Which of the following traits are most closely linked with competence? A. A focus on action. B. An emphasis on image. C. An emphasis on results. D. A deceptive mindset
A. A focus on action. C. An emphasis on competence results. Health information professionals must adapt to and prosper in a constantly changing environment due to the highly volatile nature of the health care industry.
The ongoing uncertainty brought on by fast changing technology, and the ongoing evolution of professional positions. The personality traits discussed here are not specific to the library or information profession, but they do serve as a vital complement to the fundamental professional knowledge and skill sets outlined in the pages that follow.
Competencies that are relevant to practise include understanding of organisational and human behaviour, conflict resolution, delegating, effective risk taking, and evidence-based decision making.
identification and trend predictioncontrol over the process of changeknowledge of politics and negotiating skillsoutstanding interpersonal and communication abilitiesIdentifying qualities:
versatility, adaptability, and flexibility in both solo and group work.Balance of personal and professional life.Learn more about competence here:
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An example of a food to avoid in a pre-game meal isO hot dogs.O spaghetti.O low-fat milk.O All of these food should be avoided.
Hot dogs are an example of a food to avoid before a game.
Before a game, some athletes avoid fatty, slow-digesting foods and try to eat mostly familiar, easily digested, high carbohydrate foods. High-fiber foods like raw vegetables, seaweed, and mushrooms can cause gas buildup, so athletes should avoid eating too much of them.
High-fat foods such as potato chips, french fries, hot dogs, candy bars, and doughnuts should be avoided. These foods are more difficult to digest and may cause stomach discomfort. They might not give you enough energy during the competition. Carbonated beverages (such as soda) should be avoided because they may cause stomach discomfort during the competition.
High-fiber foods (such as bran muffins) should be avoided during the competition because they may cause gas and stomach discomfort.
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find both the number of cells and the percentage of the total represented by cells in tissues or organs not listed (other). the category includes cells from, among other organs, the intestine. record the results in your table
The number of cells is 442 and the percentage of the total represented by cells in tissues or organs is 46%. You may note that the percentages in the table total 99% rather than 100% if they add them up.
The vital life-sustaining functions are carried out by the coordinated organ systems of sophisticated multicellular creatures like humans.
The organisation of the body takes place in phases that advance together. Organ systems are made up of tissues, which are made up of organs and tissues in turn. The coordination of an organ system's organs determines how well it functions. The digestive system's organs, for instance, work together to process food.
All organ systems must work together in harmony for the organism to survive; normally, the endocrine and neurological systems coordinate this function. The exceptional specificity of adaptive immune responses is due to lymphocytes. They are abundant in both the blood and the lymph, the colourless fluid that fills the lymphatic veins that connect the lymph nodes in the body.
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The phospholipid bilayer of membranes allows lipids and small, nonpolar molecules to pass across membranes, but prohibits the passage of ions and polar molecules. This occurs because the phospholipid tails areA. always saturated.
B. hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
C. a strong stiff barrier.
D. hydrophilic.
E. hydrophobic and within the membrane.
This occurs because the phospholipid tails are hydrophobic and within the membrane.
What is plasma membrane ?The membrane that isolates a cell's interior from its external environment is termed the plasma membrane, sometimes known as the cell membrane, and it can be found in every type of cell. On the exterior of both bacterial and plant cells, the plasma membrane is connected by a cell wall.
Between the interior organelles of the cell and the external environment, the plasma membrane serves as a physical barrier. The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane, allowing only a limited number of molecules to enter and exit the cell.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. ___ is a major factor in dictating how much energy the vehicle can absorb to protect the occupants.
Speed is a major factor in dictating how much energy the vehicle can absorb to protect the occupants.
Speedometers are tools that show a car's speed and are frequently paired with odometers, which keep track of the distance driven. A round permanent magnet that rotates 1,000 times each mile of the vehicle drives the speedometer's speed-indicating mechanism.a term that refers to a person, family, group, or organization that resides in, inhabits, or has quarters in or on something: the passengers in a taxi and those who reside in the building. a resident who rents a home, estate, office, etc. Law. an owner via habitation. one who has possession actually is occupants
complete question:. __________ is a major factor in dictating how much energy the vehicle can absorb to protect the occupants. A. Frictional energy B. Angle of attack C. Speed D. all of the above
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