The acid ionization constant, Ka, for propanoic acid, C2H5COOH, is 1.3x10-5.(a) Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration, [H+], in a 0.20-molar solution of propanoic acid.(b) Calculate the percentage of propanoic acid molecules that are ionized in the solution in (a).(c) What is the ratio of the concentration of propanoate ion, C2H5COO-, to that of propanoic acid in a buffer solution with a pH of 5.20?(d) In a 100.-milliliter sample of a different buffer solution, the propanoic acid concentration is0.35-molar and the sodium propanoate concentration is 0.50-molar. To this buffer solution,0.0040 mole of solid NaOH is added. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution

Answers

Answer 1

(a) The hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is [H+] = 1.14x10^-3 M. (b) 0.57%. (c) The ratio of the concentration of propanoate ion to that of propanoic acid in the buffer solution is 2.68.

(a) The balanced equation for the ionization of propanoic acid is:

C2H5COOH + H2O ⇌ C2H5COO- + H3O+

The equilibrium expression for this reaction is:

Ka = [C2H5COO-][H3O+] / [C2H5COOH]

At equilibrium, the concentration of propanoic acid that has ionized to form propanoate ion and hydronium ion is equal to the concentration of propanoic acid that has not ionized, so we can assume that [C2H5COO-] ≈ [H3O+]. Let x be the concentration of hydronium ion in the solution. Then the equilibrium expression becomes:

Ka = x^2 / (0.20 - x)

Solving for x, we get:

x = sqrt(Ka * (0.20 - x)) = sqrt(1.3x10^-5 * 0.20) = 1.14x10^-3 M

Therefore, the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is [H+] = 1.14x10^-3 M.

(b) The percentage of propanoic acid molecules that are ionized in the solution is given by:

% ionization = [H3O+] / [C2H5COOH] x 100%

% ionization = (1.14x10^-3 / 0.20) x 100% = 0.57%

(c) The pH of a buffer solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([C2H5COO-] / [C2H5COOH])

At pH 5.20, the hydronium ion concentration is 10^-5.20

= 6.31x10^-6 M.

Using the equilibrium expression for propanoic acid and the fact that [C2H5COO-] + [C2H5COOH] = total buffer concentration,

we can solve for the ratio of the concentrations of propanoate ion to propanoic acid:

Ka = [C2H5COO-][H3O+] / [C2H5COOH]

[C2H5COO-] = Ka[C2H5COOH] / [H3O+]

[C2H5COO-] = (1.3x10^-5)([C2H5COOH]) / (6.31x10^-6)

[C2H5COO-] / [C2H5COOH]

= 2.68

Therefore, the ratio of the concentration of propanoate ion to that of propanoic acid in the buffer solution is 2.68.

(d) When solid NaOH is added to the buffer solution, it reacts with the propanoic acid to form propanoate ion and water:

C2H5COOH + NaOH → C2H5COO- + H2O + Na+

The number of moles of propanoic acid that react with NaOH is equal to the number of moles of NaOH that were added. The new concentration of propanoic acid is:

0.35 M - (0.0040 mol / 0.100 L) = 0.346 M

The new concentration of propanoate ion is:

0.50 M + (0.0040 mol / 0.100 L) = 0.54 M

The new concentration of hydronium ion can be calculated using the equilibrium expression.

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Related Questions

How much energy, in joules per mole (J/mol), does a photon in the microwave region of the EM spectrum, contain? Assume the microwave has a frequency of 5.25 x 1010 s-1. Your answer should have 3 significant figures.

Answers

The energy, in joules per mole (J/mol), of a photon in the microwave region of the EM spectrum is 5.81 x 10-3 J/mol (3 significant figures).

What is energy?

Energy is the capacity for doing work. It can take many forms, including kinetic energy (the energy of moving objects), potential energy (stored energy in an object due to its position or composition), thermal energy (heat), light, and electrical energy.

The energy carried by a single photon is equal to the product of Planck's constant (h) and the frequency (f) of the photon.
Therefore, the energy carried by a single photon in the microwave region of the EM spectrum, with a frequency of 5.25 x 1010 s-1, is:
E = h x f
 = (6.63 x 10-34 J.s) x (5.25 x 1010 s-1)
 = 3.48 x 10-23 J
The energy per mole of photons is then equal to:
E/mol = (3.48 x 10-23 J) / (6.02 x 1023 photons/mol)
= 5.81 x 10-3 J/mol
Therefore, the energy, in joules per mole (J/mol), of a photon in the microwave region of the EM spectrum is 5.81 x 10-3 J/mol (3 significant figures).

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Add electrons and the charge for the resulting radical
cationic intermediate, and add curved arrows for the
a-cleavage mechanism en route to m/z 43.

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Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They are essential for chemical reactions, as they participate in the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. The appropriate diagram relating to the question is attached.

How to convey the information

A radical is a molecule or atom that contains one or more unpaired electrons. Radicals are highly reactive and can participate in a wide range of chemical reactions, such as combustion, polymerization, and oxidation.

A cationic intermediate is a positively charged species that forms during a chemical reaction. It is an intermediate state between the starting materials and the final products, and it is typically short-lived. Cationic intermediates can be formed by the loss of an electron or by the addition of a proton or other positively charged species.

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Given the following equation: 2N₂+502 → 2N₂O5
How many moles of N₂O5 are produced by reacting 10 moles of O₂?

Answers

Mole Ratios and Stoichiometry

We can form mole ratios by using a balanced chemical equation.

Solving the Question

[tex]2N_2+5O_2\rightarrow 2N_2O_5[/tex]

2 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] can be formed with 5 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]:

[tex]\dfrac{n_{N_2O_5}}{2}=\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5}[/tex]

We're given that we have 10 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]:

[tex]\dfrac{n_{N_2O_5}}{2}=\dfrac{10}{5}[/tex]

[tex]n_{N_2O_5}=4[/tex]

Answer

4 moles of N2O4 are produced by reacting 10 moles of O2.

As per the balanced equation of the reaction, 5 moles of oxygen molecule gives 2 moles of the product N₂O₅ . Hence, 10 moles of oxygen will give 4 moles of nitrogen pentoxide.

What is mole ratio ?

The balanced chemical equation of a reaction represents the perfect stoichiometry of the reactants and products. Hence, the number of atoms of each element in the reactant side must be equal to their number of atoms in the product side.

The stochiometric ratio of number of moles of one reactant to the other or the product is called its mole ratio.

From the given reaction, it is clear that 5 moles of oxygen molecules reacts with nitrogen gas to give 2 moles of dinitrogen pentoxide.

Hence, the number of moles of dinitrogen pentoxide produced by 10 moles of oxygen gas is calculated as follows:

(10× 2)/5 = 4

Therefore, the number of moles of the product formed from 10 moles of oxygen gas is 4 moles.

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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Complete the definitions. A rotation is a transformation where an object. A translation is a transformation where an object.

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A rotation is a hard transformation that revolves an item around a central point. The direction of the form is different, but it still maintains its orientation. In a translation, the object's points are all moved in the same direction in a straight line.

Motion in which a moving body's points travel uniformly in one direction. We can observe that there is no change in the object's orientation if it is moving in a translatory manner. Motion that is translated is sometimes referred to as translational motion.

Although an object's position, size, or orientation can change during a transformation, its shape is not altered. Transformations can be non-rigid or rigid or isometric, where the size of the image remains constant.

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Determine the empirical formula of a compound containing 47. 37 grams of carbon, 10. 59 grams of hydrogen, and 42. 04 grams of oxygen.

Answers

the empirical formula of a compound containing 47. 37 grams of carbon, 10. 59 grams of hydrogen, and 42. 04 grams of oxygen is C3H8O2.

To determine the empirical formula of the compound, we need to find the ratios of the different elements present in the compound.

The first step is to convert the masses of each element to moles using their respective molar masses:

Carbon: 47.37 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.94 mol

Hydrogen: 10.59 g / 1.01 g/mol = 10.48 mol

Oxygen: 42.04 g / 16.00 g/mol = 2.63 mol

Next, we divide each of the mole values by the smallest of the three, which is 2.63 mol:

Carbon: 3.94 mol / 2.63 mol = 1.50

Hydrogen: 10.48 mol / 2.63 mol = 3.98

Oxygen: 2.63 mol / 2.63 mol = 1.00

Now we need to convert these ratios to whole numbers by multiplying each by a common factor. The smallest ratio is 1.00, so we will multiply all the ratios by 2 to get:

Carbon: 1.50 x 2 = 3

Hydrogen: 3.98 x 2 = 8

Oxygen: 1.00 x 2 = 2

Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is C3H8O2.

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Which characteristic is not a periodic trend?


A. Atomic radius


B. Electron affinity


C. Ionization energies


D. Number of elements in a group

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

D

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