the attractive force between water molecules that results from hydrogen bonding is called__________

To determine the temperature at which an exothermic reaction ceases to be spontaneous, we need to calculate the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and use the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

Given that ΔH = -71 kJ/mol and ΔS = -58 J/K·mol, we can calculate ΔG at different temperatures to determine the temperature at which the reaction becomes non-spontaneous.

At a temperature of 0 K, ΔG = ΔH, since TΔS = 0. Thus, ΔG = -71 kJ/mol.

As the temperature increases, TΔS becomes more negative, which means that ΔG becomes more negative, making the reaction more spontaneous.

At a certain temperature, however, ΔG will become positive, which means that the reaction is no longer spontaneous and will not proceed on its own. This temperature can be found by rearranging the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS to T = ΔH / ΔS, and substituting the known values for ΔH and ΔS:

T = ΔH / ΔS = -71 kJ/mol / (-58 J/K·mol) = 1230 K

So, the reaction will cease to be spontaneous at a temperature of approximately 1230 K.

The volume of base needed to reach an endpoint from buret readings is 0.025 L,  the molarity of a solution from titration data is 0.088 M

Moles of NaOH at the end point:

Volume used at the end point: 0.02104 L

Molarity of NaOH: 0.1053 M= 0.1053 mol/L

So the average moles of NaOH used on the titration are:

n NaOH= (0.1053 mol/L)*(0.02104 L)

n NaOH= 0.0022 mol

-Number of moles of acetic acid neutralized:

The reaction of neutralization is:

CH3COOH + NaOH -----> CH3COONa + H2O

1mol              1mol                 1mol           1mol

The stoichiometric relationship between NaOH and CH3COOH is 1:1 wich meand that the number of moles of NaOH conssumed will be the same njmber of moles of the acid present in solution:

n CH3COOH= (0.0022 mol NaOH)*(1 mol CH3COOH)/(1 mol NaOH)

n CH3COOH= 0.0022 mol

-Molarity of acetic acid:

If you used 25 mL of unknown concentration of acetic acid

V sln CH3COOH= 25 mL *( 1L/1000 mL)= 0.025 L

And if you determined that the number of moles present in 0.025 L is 0.0022 mol, the concentration will be

C CH3COOH= 0.0022mol / 0.025 L  

C CH3COOH= 0.088 mol/L = 0.088 M

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Complete question:

Determine Average Volume NaOH to Endpoint 1. For each trial calculate volume NaOH needed to reach the endpoint. Final buret reading, ml - Initial buret reading, mL = Volume NaOH to endpoint, ml 2. Identify any outliers (any volume of NaOH that is very different from the rest). Outliers should be omitted in the calculation of the average. 3. Calculate the average volume of NaOH needed to reach the endpoint by summing the volume of NaOH determined for each trail then dividing by the number of trials used in the average. Remember to leave out any outliers.

The composition of the compound is 12%hydrogen and 56% carbon.  

The lightest element is hydrogen. At room temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a gas, but at -423 degrees Fahrenheit, or -253 degrees Celsius, it condenses to a liquid.

Many additional applications exist for hydrogen. The Haber process is used in the chemical industry to produce cyclohexane and alcohol, that are intermediates in the creation of polymers and medicines, as well as ammonia for agricultural fertilizer. In the course of the oil-refining process, it is also employed to remove sulfur in fuels.

Divide the amount of the each component by the overall number of constituent components in the compound to get the percentage composition, and multiply this result by 100.

mass of C present in compound= 3.907g

mass of H present in compound= 0.847g

The total mass of the compound = 7g

% of C = 3.907 / 7 × 100 = 55.81 ≅ 56%

% of H = 0.847 / 7 × 100 = 12.1 ≅ 12%.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The volume of water needed to make a 120.0 mL solution can be calculated by subtracting the volume of hydrogen peroxide from the total volume:

The volume of water = Total volume - Volume of hydrogen peroxide

= 120.0 mL - 20.0 mL

= 100.0 mL

The percent by-volume concentration of the solution can be calculated as follows:

The percent by volume = (Volume of hydrogen peroxide / Total volume) * 100

= (20.0 mL / 120.0 mL) * 100

= 16.67%

So, the solution has a concentration of 16.67% hydrogen peroxide by volume.

The work input per mole of propane passing through the compressor If Propane obeys the Redlich-Kwong equation of state is 676.9 J/mol.

The Redlich – Kwong equation of state is an empirical, algebraic equation that relates temperature, pressure, and volume of feasts. It's generally more accurate than the van der Waals equation and the ideal gas equation at temperatures above the critical temperature. It was formulated by Otto Redlich and Joseph Neng Shun Kwong in 1949.

Tc = 369.9K

Pc = 42.5bar

W = 0.123

Cp = 29.595+0.838x10⁻₁ + 3.256 x 10⁻⁴ - 3.958 x 10⁻⁷ + 13.129 x 10⁻¹¹

Now given system is Adiabatic compressor

ΔH = Q  +W  [Q = 0]

ΔH = W

State1: T1 = 323K, P1 = 5bar

Tr = T/Tc = 323/369.9 = 0.873

Pr = P/Pc = 5/42.5 = 0.118

Redlich-Kwong equation of state is,

ΔH = RT2[Z2 - 1 -3/2 A2/B2 ln(1+B2/Z2)]

A1 = 0.42748x0.118/(0.873)².⁵

= 0.071

B1 = 0.08664x0.118/0.873

= 0.012

ΔH = W =(8.314)(343)[0.830-1-3/2(0.182/0.033)lm(1+0.033/0.830)]

ΔH = 676.9J/mol

Work input is 676.9 J/mol.

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Complete question:

Propane gas is to be compressed irreversibly from 5 bar and 323 K to 15 bar and 343 K by an adiabatic compressor in a petrochemical plant. Calculate the work input per mole of propane passing through the compressor If Propane obeys the Redlich-Kwong equation of state.

Both calcite and aragonite are made of calcium carbonate. The atomic arrangement in them is entirely different make them appear different. This dissimilarity of minerals with the same formula is called polymorphs.

In mineralogy polymorphism can be defined as existence of two minerals with same chemical composition in different crystal structure. Generally, a crystal's volume will shrink with increasing pressure, and eventually a threshold may be reached where a more compact crystal structure is more stable.

After that, the crystal structure will transition to the more stable form, and a new mineral will exist. The atoms on the crystal structure will similarly tend to vibrate more and grow in size as the temperature rises.

Both calcite and aragonite are calcium carbonate minerals. They exhibit different crystalline structure and they are called polymorphs.

Although one of the two minerals may transition into the other as temperatures and pressures change, calcite is generally more stable than aragonite. Over geologic time, aragonite spontaneously transforms into calcite at surface conditions.

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Considering the definition of molar mass, the amount of moles of CaF₂ in 75.5 g of CaF₂ is 0.968 moles.

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar mass of the elements that form it multiplied by the number of times they appear in the compound.

In this case, you know the molar mass of the elements is:

The molar mass of the compound CaF₂ is calculated as:

CaF₂= 40 g/mole + 2× 19 g/mole

Solving:

CaF₂= 78 g/mole

You can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 78 grams of the compound are contained in 1 mole, 75.5 grams of the compound are contained in how many moles?

moles= (75.5 grams× 1 mole) ÷78 grams

moles= 0.968 moles

Finally, the amount of moles is 0.968.

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The freezing point of the solution is -2.67° C.

Depression in freezing point = i ×Kf × m.

i for FeCl3 = 3 .

Kf for water = 1.86 K. Kg/mol.

Molar mass of FeCl3 = 162.2 g / mol .

Moles of FeCl3 = 13.1 / 162.2 = 0.08 mol.

Molality = 0.08/ 0.166 = 0.48 mol / kg .

Freezing point =0 - depression in freezing point = - 3 × 1.86 × 0.48

⇒ - 2.67° C.

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Answer:  1.2044 x 10^23 atoms in 0.2 moles of iron.

Explanation: The number of atoms in a given amount of a substance can be calculated using Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 atoms per mole. To find the number of atoms in 0.2 moles of iron, we can use the following steps:

1. Start with the given quantity of moles: 0.2 moles of iron.

2. Multiply the given quantity by Avogadro's number: 0.2 moles x (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole).

3. Calculate the product: (0.2 moles) x (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole) = 1.2044 x 10^23 atoms.

Therefore, there would be approximately 1.2044 x 10^23 atoms in 0.2 moles of iron.

Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light are all examples of non-ionizing radiation, which has the properties of both particles and waves.

Non-ionizing radiation is defined as a type of low-energy radiation that does not have enough energy to remove an electron (negative particle) from an atom or molecule. Generally, non-ionizing radiation includes visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light, microwaves, radio waves, and radiofrequency energy from cell phones.

Wave is defined as a disturbance or variation that transfers energy progressively from point to point in a medium and that may take the form of an elastic deformation or of a variation of pressure, electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature.

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Answer:

45.6g ÷ 78g/mol = 0.58mol (C6H6)

1mol (C6H6) = 1mol (HCl)

HCl = 0.58mol

0.58mol × 6.022×10^23

=......atoms

Explanation:

Find the number of moles (HCl)

Multiply the number of moles produced by the avogadro's number and get the number of atoms produced.

3.51 x 10²³ atoms of hydrochloric acid (HCl) will be produced.

What is Balanced Chemical Equation?

A balanced chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and coefficients that shows the relative amounts of reactants and products involved in the reaction. The coefficients are used to balance the number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product sides of the equation, ensuring that the law of conservation of mass is satisfied. A balanced chemical equation also provides information about the stoichiometry of the reaction, including the mole ratios between reactants and products.

The balanced chemical equation is:

C6H6 (l) + Cl2 (g) → C6H5Cl (s) + HCl (g)

From the equation, it is clear that 1 mole of benzene (C6H6) reacts with 1 mole of chlorine gas (Cl2) to produce 1 mole of hydrochloric acid (HCl).

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of benzene (C6H6) in 45.6g:

moles of C6H6 = mass of C6H6 / molar mass of C6H6

moles of C6H6 = 45.6 g / 78.11 g/mol

moles of C6H6 = 0.5839 mol

Since 1 mole of benzene (C6H6) produces 1 mole of hydrochloric acid (HCl), the number of moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl) produced is also 0.5839 mol.

To convert the number of moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the number of atoms of hydrochloric acid (HCl), we need to use Avogadro's number:

number of atoms of HCl = moles of HCl x Avogadro's number

number of atoms of HCl = 0.5839 mol x 6.022 x 10²³/mol

number of atoms of HCl = 3.51 x 10²³ atoms

Therefore, 3.51 x 10²³ atoms of hydrochloric acid (HCl) will be produced.

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9.23% of the mass of the multivitamin tablet is vitamin C.

Ascorbic acid, another name for vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for the creation, maintenance, and repair of several bodily tissues.

We can use the following formula to determine the amount of vitamin C in the multivitamin tablet:

(Mass of vitamin C / total mass of tablet) x 100% yields the percentage of vitamin C.

Since the mass of the pill is specified in grams, we must first convert the amount of vitamin C from milligrams to grams:

Vitamin C has a mass of 60 mg, or 0.060 g.

The values can then be entered into the formula as follows:

(0.060 g / 0.650 g) x 100% = % vitamin C Vitamin C equals 9.23%

As a result, 9.23% of the mass of the multivitamin tablet is vitamin C.

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Metals may be easily molded and bent without breaking because they are malleable and ductile.

By comparing their physical and chemical characteristics, metals and non-metals may be easily identified from one another.

Metals effectively conduct heat and electricity.

Metals often react with water and acids to create basic solutions, and they also produce positive ions in an aqueous solution, according to their chemical characteristics.

Contrarily, non-metals are neither ductile nor malleable, and they have low conductivity for both heat and electricity.

When they interact with water or acids, they can also produce neutral or acidic solutions, as well as negative ions in aqueous solutions.

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The oxidation number of the given elements in the compound is:

An element's oxidation number is the number assigned to it in a chemical combination. The number of electrons that atoms in a molecule can share, lose or gain while forming chemical connections with other atoms of a different element is known as the oxidation number.

The oxidation number of elements in the compounds is calculated as follows:

Mn in MnO₂: Mn + (-2 * 2) = 0

Mn - 4 = 0

Mn = +4

Mn in KMnO₄: Mn + (+1) + (-2 * 4) = 0

Mn - 7 = 0

Mn = +7

K in KBr: K + (-) = )

K - 1 = 0

K = + 1.

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The amino acid that is most likely to participate in hydrogen bonding with water is asparagine (Asn).

Asparagine contains an amide functional group (-CONH-) in its side chain, which can act as a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. This allows asparagine to interact with water molecules through hydrogen bonding, making it more hydrophilic (water-loving) than the other amino acids listed. Valine (Val), leucine (Leu), and phenylalanine (Phe) are hydrophobic (water-fearing) amino acids because their side chains do not contain functional groups that can participate in hydrogen bonding with water. Alanine (Ala) contains a methyl functional group (-CH3) in its side chain, which is also hydrophobic and does not participate in hydrogen bonding. Therefore, asparagine is the most likely amino acid to participate in hydrogen bonding with water.

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45.3  Kj is the correct answer

What is energy ?

Energy is a property of matter and radiation that is the ability to do work. It can take many forms, including thermal energy, light energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, and chemical energy. Energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed, according to the law of conservation of energy. Energy is essential for many processes and activities in the natural world, such as photosynthesis in plants, movement of ocean currents, and generation of electricity in power plants. In physics, energy is often described as a scalar quantity and is typically measured in units of joules (J) or electron volts (eV).

q = mCdT = (370g)(4.184J/g/deg)(16.4deg) = 25389J = 25.389 kJ. Since you have 0.560 g of oil, the energy per gram is 25.389 kJ/0.560g = 45.34 kJ/g = 45.3 kJ/g (to 3 sig figs)

1 cal = 4.184 j so hopefully you can convert to calories and kcal etc.

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Amphibians are at risk due to a variety of factors, including habitat loss, climate change, disease, and pollution. Habitat loss is caused by human activities such as deforestation, urban sprawl, and agricultural expansion.

Amphibians are vertebrate animals that live both on land and in water. They are cold-blooded, meaning their body temperature is determined by their environment. They have a moist, slimy skin and are usually four-legged. Amphibians go through a metamorphosis, meaning they change from a juvenile aquatic form to an adult terrestrial form. Examples of amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians. Amphibians depend on water to reproduce, as they lay their eggs in water and the larval stages of the species develop in water. Amphibians are important to the environment because they are indicators of environmental health; they absorb pollutants and serve as food for other creatures. They are also essential to the food chain as they eat both plants and animals.

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According to percent yield, the theoretical yield of chromium chloride is 12.91 grams.

Percent yield is defined as the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. If the actual and theoretical yield are same then the percent yield is 100%.If actual yield is less than the theoretical yield then the percent yield is less than 100%.Reason of this condition arising is the incompletion of reaction or loss of sample during recovery process.

294.185 g potassium dichromate gives 316.72 g chromium chloride thus 12 g potassium dichromate gives 12×316.72/294.185=12.91 g.

Thus,the theoretical yield of chromium chloride is 12.91 grams.

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Quantum mechanics is the study of atoms and incredibly tiny particles that are even smaller.

In quantum mechanics, another branch of physics, atomic and subatomic particles are investigated. The primary field of science that deals with the study of atoms and molecules is chemistry. By utilizing their knowledge of atoms, chemists create molecules that resemble drugs. A distinction is established between atomic physics, which studies the atom as a system made up of a nucleus and electrons, and nuclear physics, which explores nuclear reactions and special properties of atomic nuclei. Three subatomic particles make up matter: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The only subatomic particles that have electrical charges are protons and electrons, with protons having a positive charge and electrons having a negative charge.

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The moles of ammonia present in a 2.860 g sample of ammonia has a molar mass of 17.030 g/mol. Then, the Number of Moles is 0.2 moles.

Ammonia :

Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the chemical formula NH3. A stable binary hydride and the simplest source of hydrogenation, ammonia is a colorless gas with a distinct, pungent odor. Biologically, it is a common nitrogen waste, especially among aquatic organisms, and contributes significantly to the nutrient needs of terrestrial organisms, serving as a precursor to 45% of the world's food and fertilizers.

Molar Mass:

In chemistry, the molar mass (M) of a compound is defined as the ratio between the mass of a sample of that compound and the amount of the substance (measured in moles). Molar mass is a volumetric, not molecular, property of a substance. Molar mass is the average of many instances of a compound that often differ in mass due to the presence of isotopes. Most commonly, molar mass is calculated from standard atomic weights, so it is global average and is a function of the relative isotopic abundance of Earth's constituent atoms. Molar mass is suitable for converting the mass of a substance and the amount of a substance into a mass quantity.

Now,

Given:

Weight in grams, w = 2.860 g

Molar mass, m = 17.030 g/mol

We know,

Number of Moles = Weight(w) / Mole Mass (m)

    ⇒                    n   =  2.860/ 17.030

 By substituting the values,

    ⇒                    n   = 0.1679

                         ≈ n   = 0.2 moles.            

Thus, the response above is right.

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The ratio of the  hydrogen and oxygen present in water by volume is 2:1

The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is 2:1. This means that for every two hydrogen atoms in a water molecule, there is one oxygen atom. The chemical formula for water is H2O, which indicates that each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

This ratio is essential to the chemical properties of water, including its ability to form hydrogen bonds, dissolve many substances, and participate in a wide range of chemical reactions.

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Answer:The mass of a single water molecule can be calculated using its molecular formula, H2O. The molecular weight of water is 18.015 g/mol.If we have 3.01 x 10^24 water molecules, the total mass can be calculated as follows:Mass = Number of water molecules * Molecular weight of waterMass = 3.01 x 10^24 * 18.015 g/molMass = 5.45 x 10^25 gSo, the mass of 3.01 x 10^24 water molecules is approximately 5.45 x 10^25 grams.

False. The addition of a solute to a solvent typically lowers the freezing point of the solution compared to the freezing point of the pure solvent.

This is due to the fact that the solute particles interfere with the arrangement of the solvent particles, which makes it more difficult for the solution to freeze. As a result, the solution has to be cooled to a lower temperature in order for it to freeze, which results in a lower freezing point compared to the pure solvent. Freezing point depression is a colligative property, which means that it depends on the concentration of solute particles in the solution, rather than on their chemical nature. When a non volatile  solute (a solute that does not evaporate at room temperature) is dissolved in a solvent, it increases the number of solute particles in the solution. These solute particles interfere with the arrangement of the solvent particles, making it more difficult for the solvent to freeze. As a result, the solution has to be cooled to a lower temperature in order for it to freeze, which results in a lower freezing point compared to the pure solvent. To summarize, the addition of a non volatile solute to a solvent typically lowers the freezing point of the solution, and therefore the statement "The freezing point of the solution is unchanged by the addition of the solvent" is false.

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Mass on syringe is 3.498, Pressure is 1.37, Volume is 37.5 and hence the PxV would be 51.4. These are consistent with the scientific principle known as Boyle's Law.

A decrease in volume as pressure increased, which is consistent with Boyle's Law. Boyle's Law describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature. This means that as pressure increases, the volume of the gas decreases, and vice versa. This relationship is important in understanding the behavior of gases and has numerous practical applications, such as in the design of engines and other machinery that rely on the expansion and compression of gases.

When conducting experiments, it's always important to have data that supports your hypothesis. In your case, it seems that your data shows a clear relationship between pressure and volume, with a decrease in volume corresponding to an increase in pressure. This is consistent with the scientific principle known as Boyle's Law, which describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature.

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Step 8: Measure Pressure and Volume with the Book and 3 kg of Weight, Total the mass on the syringe. Record it in the correct row of the data table

Answer:

1.) 3.498 kg

2.) 1.37 kg/cm^2

3.) C- 37.5 mL

4.) 51.4

Explanation:

This is correct because the person above me was right. I hope this helps!

:)))))

Answer:

2.4 mols Be

Explanation:

Use Molar Mass of Be: 9.0g

21.6gBe x 1mol/9.0g = 2.4 mols Be

The strength of peptidoglycan resides in both sugar polymers and peptide linkages, so the correct answer is "both a and b."

Peptidoglycan is a polymer that makes up the cell wall of most bacteria. It consists of long chains of sugar molecules (N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid) linked together by peptide chains composed of both L- and D-amino acids. These peptide chains provide strength and rigidity to the peptidoglycan, while the sugar polymers give it a flexible and porous structure.

The peptide linkages are particularly important for the strength of the peptidoglycan because they form cross-links between adjacent sugar chains, creating a mesh-like network that provides the cell wall with its strength and shape. The D-amino acids are also crucial for the stability of the peptide chains, as they make the cell wall resistant to degradation by bacterial enzymes that would otherwise break down the peptide bonds.

In summary, both the sugar polymers and peptide linkages are important for the strength of peptidoglycan, making "both a and b" the correct answer.

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The gas with the highest average kinetic energy per mole at 298 K are Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, water and Oxygen. Hence, option B is correct answer.

The relationship between a gas's temperature and molar kinetic energy is proportional, and the proportionality constant is 32 times the gas constant R. The connection between molar kinetic energy and temperature is seen in the video below below. Half of each gas molecule's mass and the square of its RMS speed are multiplied to create the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule. In terms of math, it looks like this: M stands for mass.

The RMS velocity is vrms. It is determined by multiplying your total energy consumption (in kilowatt-hours) by your maximum electrical use (in kilowatts), then dividing the result by the number of days in the month and the sum of the daily hours. The outcome is a ratio between 0 and 1.06.

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Chlorine's electrical configuration will be 2, 8, 7, because its atomic number (Z) is 17. In the L shell, there are eight electrons (second shell).

Chlorine has an atomic mass of 35.45 and an atomic number of 17, which means that each of its atoms contains 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons. As a result, you are already aware that for the element chlorine, the atomic number indicates how many electrons there are. In other words, a chlorine atom contains 17 electrons. This chlorine atom has 17 protons since the atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom. Since there are exactly as many electrons as protons in neutral atoms, we can infer that there are 17 electrons total that need to be divided among the electron shells.

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