The bonding of water molecules to each other with hydrogen bonds is called hydrogen bonding.
In chemistry, hydrogen bonding is crucial as it holds water molecules together tightly.
Individual water molecules are made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms which are linked together through covalent bonds.
While adjacent molecules are attached to each other through electrostatic attractions called hydrogen bonding.
Moreover, a water molecule is a dipole substance as uneven sharing of electrons creates two poles on it. One is on the hydrogen atom which is positively charged and the other is on the oxygen atom which is negatively charged. Overall it's a neutral compound.
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describe how you know a chemical change has taken place
Explanation:
The five conditions of chemical change: color change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odor change, temperature change
Please Answer asap!!!
Answer:
The second one
Explanation:
It the graph is correct, it has the most nuetrons
What is the net force and direction of the car?
Answer:
Explanation:
The net force is 10-7= 3N and the car moves in the direction of the greater force applied i.e. towards the green arrow or the right side
Refer to the graph you prepared and determine the following: Interpolation: The amount of hydrogen that would be produced by dropping 2.5 grams of zinc in 100 mL of sulfuric acid solution with th same concentration? mL
By interpolation, the volume of hydrogen gas produced is 800 mL.
What is the amount of hydrogen that would be produced by dropping 2.5 grams of zinc in 100 mL of sulfuric acid solution with the same concentration?The reaction between zinc granules and sulfuric acid solution to produce hydrogen gas is given by the equation below:
Zn (s) + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂ (g)In the given reaction, zinc displaces hydrogen from solution to form zinc ions and hydrogen gas is evolved.
The volume of hydrogen gas evolved per unit time, and hence the reaction rate depends on the concentration of the sulfuric acid. The higher the concentration of the sulfuric acid, the greater the volume of hydrogen gas produced per unit time.
Considering the graph of the given volume of hydrogen produced against time for the reaction carried out by by dropping 2.5 grams of zinc in 100 mL of sulfuric acid solution with the same concentration;
By interpolation, the volume of hydrogen gas produced is 0.8 L or 800 mL.
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Write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of permanganate ion to manganese ion in acidic aqueous solution. be sure to add physical state symbols where appropriate.
The balanced half reaction for reduction of the permanganate ion, to manganese ion, is shown below:
[tex]MnO_{4^{-} }[/tex] + 8[tex]H^{+}[/tex] + 5e- → [tex]Mn^{2+}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]
What is half reaction?The portion of an overall reaction that represents either an oxidation or a reduction separately is known as a half-reaction.
A redox reaction can only be fully described by two half-reactions, one oxidation and one reduction.
The chemical compound that contains the manganate (VII) ion is known as permanganate. Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state and is rapidly reduced and oxidised by other elements, the permanganate(VII) ion is a potent oxidising agent.
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3.
sublimation, condensation, evaporation,
boiling, melting, freezing
Classify the above processes into two
groups: heat taken in and heat given out
by the particles.
Answer:
sublimation:heat taken in
condensation:heat given out
evaporation:heat taken in
boiling:heat taken in
melting:heat taken in
freezing:heat given out
Processes listed can be classified into two groups based on whether heat is taken in or given out by the particles.Heat is taken in melting,evaporation, sublimation while heat is given out in boiling,condensation and freezing.
Heat taken in by the particles:
1. Sublimation: This process occurs when a substance changes from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Heat is absorbed to break the intermolecular forces holding the particles in the solid phase.
2. Evaporation: This process happens when a liquid changes into a gas at temperatures below its boiling point. Heat is absorbed from the surroundings to overcome the intermolecular forces between the liquid particles.
3. Melting: Melting occurs when a solid substance changes into a liquid. Heat is absorbed to break the intermolecular forces holding the particles in the solid phase.
Heat given out by the particles:
1. Condensation: Condensation occurs when a gas changes into a liquid. Heat is released to the surroundings as the gas particles lose energy and come together to form liquid droplets.
2. Boiling: Boiling is the process where a liquid changes into a gas throughout its entire volume. Heat is released to the surroundings as the liquid particles gain energy and escape the liquid phase.
3. Freezing: Freezing is the process where a liquid changes into a solid. Heat is released to the surroundings as the liquid particles lose energy and arrange themselves into a regular pattern.
Thus, heat is taken in melting,evaporation, sublimation while heat is given out in boiling,condensation and freezing.
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Which of (a)-(d) is the correct iupac name of the following compound?
a) 2-hydroxybutanoic acid
b) 3-hydroxybutanoic acid
c) 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
d) 1-carboxypropan-2-ol
c) 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is the correct Iupac name compound.
What is an example of an IUPAC name?As a result, the IUPAC name is 2,5,5-trimethyl-2-hexene. In Example (2), the longest chain containing both carbon atoms of the double bond is five. There is a seven-carbon chain, but only one of the double bond carbon atoms is present. As a result, the compound's root name will be pentene. The common name is simply the name we use in everyday life, whereas the IUPAC name is the name that follows the chemistry rules for naming a compound.Typically, a molecular compound is made up of two or more nonmetal elements. By using the stem of the element name plus the suffix -ide, molecular compounds are named with the first element first and then the second element. The number of atoms in a molecule is specified using numerical prefixes.To learn more about IUPAC name refer to
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What do we call the one variable that we change in an experiment?
The independent variable that we change in an experiment.
The correct option C.
What is an independent variable?A variable that is independent is precisely what it seems like. It is an independent variable that has no bearing on the other factors you are trying to evaluate. For example, age may be an independent variable. Time is a popular independent variable since it is undisturbed by any dependant environmental influences.
Why is an independent variable important?You can have independent or dependent variables. Other variables have an impact on the value of independent variables, while dependent variables have an impact on the value of independent variables. A hypothesis identifies an anticipated connection between two variables.
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The complete question is -
What do you call the one variable that is changed in an experiment?
A. experimental variable
B. controlled variable
C. independent variable
D. dependent variable
What is the mass number of an isotope of phosphorus with 15 neutrons?
If phosphorus with 15 neutrons, the mass number of an isotope of phosphorus is 31.
Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number and position on the periodic table but differ in the number of nucleons due to the different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
An isotope is one of two or more atomic types of a chemical element that have the same atomic number and position on the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behavior, but different atomic masses and physical properties.
If two atoms have different numbers of protons, they are different elements. However, two atoms with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons are called isotopes. Two terms used to identify nuclides isotopes are atomic number and mass number.
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What mass of oxygen reacts with 9.2g Sodium? 4 Na + O₂ → 2 Na₂O
Answer:
About 3.201g O2
Explanation:
Is flour homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?
Answer:
Flour is heterogeneous mixture.
Explanation:
Because you can see the different parts of the mixture,And they're normally not uniformly mixed.
hii please help i will give brainliest to whoever is correct :)
Answer:
Element: found on periodic table....
Polymer: multiple monomers....
Monomer: one-SINGLE...
How many amperes are required to deposit 0.229 grams of lead metal in 802 seconds, from a solution that contains pb2 ions .?
0.265 amperes are required to deposit of lead metal.
m(Pb) = 0.229 g; mass of lead metal
t = 802 s; time of the reaction
n = 2; number of moles electron involved in electrolysis
F = 96485 C/m; the Faraday's constant
M(Pb) = 207.2 g/mol; the molar mass of the lead
Electrolysis is a chemical methode that uses electric currents for chemical reactions.
To solve this problem, we need Faraday's law of electrolysis:
I = m×n×F / t×M
I = 0.229 g × 2 × 96485 C/m / 802 s × 207.2 g/mol
I = 0.265 A, the current
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(b) Predict the chemical changes that take place, if any, when (1) chlorine is bubbled into an aqueous solution of sodium astatide; (ii) astatine is added to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
(1) If chlorine gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of sodium astatide, the result is elemental iodine and aqueous sodium chloride solution.
(2) No chemical change is observed when astatine is added to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
(1) Aqueous sodium chloride salt is created when chlorine gas and sodium astatide combine in the proper circumstances. An electron is taken from the sodium and given to the chlorine. The electrostatic interaction between the particles makes this reaction more favorable. Large amounts of heat and light are emitted during the process.
So, the result is elemental iodine and aqueous sodium chloride solution.
(2) Astatine is present below iodine in the periodic table in group 7 and it is less reactive than iodine, so no chemical change is observed when astatine is added to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
Hence, no displacement by astatine takes place.
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If the initial concentration of so2cl2 is 0.150 m what is the concentration of so2cl2 after 220 s?
After 210 seconds, 0 e(- kt) = [SO2Cl2]0 (1 - e(- kt)) starting with 0.150M of [SO2Cl2]
[SO2]= 0.150M (1 - e) (1.48 104s 1 000 240 s)
What is concentration of a solution?
The quantity of a solute in a solvent is what we refer to in chemistry as the concentration of a solution. We refer to a solution as being concentrated when there is more solute present. Conversely, we refer to a solution as being diluted when it contains more solvent.
Utilize the integrated first order rate law, which provides the reactant sulfuryl chloride concentration as a function of time t:
([SO2Cl2]0 is the initial concentration, and k is the rate constant.) ln[SO2Cl2] = ln[SO2Cl2]0 - kt. [SO2Cl2] = e[ln[SO2Cl2]0 - kt] = e[ln[SO2Cl2]0] e(- kt) = [SO2Cl2]0 e(- kt)
The chemical equation SO2Cl2 SO2 + Cl2 describes how SO2Cl2 breaks down.
As a result, one mole of sulphur dioxide is produced for every mole of sulfuryl chloride that was lost. The relationship between these chemicals' concentration variations is as follows:
-[SO2Cl2] = [SO2] -
[SO₂Cl₂]
[SO2Cl2] - [SO2] = [SO2] - [SO2]0.
If there wasn't any sulphur dioxide at first, the concentration is as follows:
"SO2" = "SO2Cl2"
[SO2Cl2] = 0 - [SO2Cl2]
₀ - [SO₂Cl₂]
After 210 seconds, 0 e(- kt) = [SO2Cl2]0 (1 - e(- kt)) starting with 0.150M of [SO2Cl2]
[SO2]= 0.150M (1 - e) (1.48 104s 1 000 240 s)
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How does brown bear interact with geosphere
Answer: The brown bear spreads berry and plant seeds in its scat.
Explanation:
The number of radioactive nuclei in a particular sample decreases to one-eighth of its original number in 9 days. what is the half-life of these nuclei?
The number of radioactive nuclei in a particular sample decreases to one-eighth of its original number in 9 days. The half-life of these nuclei is 3 days.
According to radioactive decay law,
n(t) = No [tex]e^{-kt}[/tex]
where n is number at t and No is starting number
when t = 9, n/No = 1/8 = 0.125
so
0.125 = [tex]e^{-k9}[/tex]
ln 0.125 = -9 k
k = 0.231
So,
half life = [tex]t\frac{1}{2}[/tex] = 0.693/k
half life = [tex]t\frac{1}{2}[/tex] = 0.693/0.231
half life = [tex]t\frac{1}{2}[/tex] = 3days
Therefore, when the number of radioactive nuclei in a particular sample decreases to one-eighth of its original number in 9 days. The half-life of these nuclei is 3 days.
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2. In a chemical reaction, what do we call the original substances?
3. In a chemical reaction, what do we call newly made substances?
4. What are the three common states of matter?
5. If the mass of all the reactants in a chemical reaction is 100g, what will the mass
of all the products be?
Answer:
2. Reactants
3. Products
4. Solid, Liquid, Gas
5. 100g
Something done to test a hypothesis that produces new observations is called a(n)?observation measurement theory natural law experiment
Something done to test a hypothesis that produces new observations is called an experiment.
If you want to test a hypothesis, you need to do an experiment. This is where you take your idea and test it out in the real world. By doing this, you can see what happens and gather new observations.
Experiments are a key part of the scientific process. They help us to understand how the world works and can prove or disprove hypotheses. Without experiments, we would be stuck in our own heads, never knowing for sure if our ideas were correct.
So, if you have a hypothesis that you want to test, get out there and do an experiment! See what happens and learn something new.
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Are Alkaline Earth Metals more likely to GAIN the 6 needed electrons or LOSE the 2 electron that it has?
Which one of the following substances will give an aqueous solution of ph < 7?
(a) na2co3
(b) ch3coona
(c) ki
(d) ch3oh
(e) nh4br
The substance that will give an aqueous solution of pH < 7 is (e) NH₄Br.
a) Balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium carbonate with water: Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂CO₃
Hydrolysis of this salt gives strong base (NaOH) and weak acid (H₂CO₃), so pH is greater than 7
b) Hydrolysis of sodium acetate gives strong base (NaOH) and weak acid (CH₃COOH), so pH is greater than 7
c) Hydrolysis of potassium gives strong base (KOH) and strong acid (HI), so pH is equal to 7
d) Methanol is neutral, pH is equal to 7
e) Hydrolysis of ammonium bromide gives weak base (NH₄OH) and strong acid (HBr), so pH < 7.
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A 1.20 g sample of an unknown has a volume of 1.73 cm^3. what is the density of the unknown?
The sample density is 690 kg/m³.
We need to know about the density to solve this problem. Density is a unit that measures how dense an object is. Density can be measured by dividing mass by volume. It can be written as
ρ = m / V
where ρ is density, m is mass and V is volume
From the question above, we know that
m = 1.20 gram
V = 1.73 cm³
By substituting the following parameters, we get
ρ = m / V
ρ = 1.2 / 1.73
ρ = 0.69 g/cm³
Convert to SI unit (kg/m³)
ρ = 0.69 g/cm³
ρ = 0.69 x 10¯³ kg/ 10¯⁶ m³
ρ = 690 kg/m³
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A buffer is prepared by mixing 37.2 ml of 0.209 m naoh with 125.7 ml of 0.231 m acetic acid. what is the ph of this buffer? (the pka for acetic acid is 4.75.)
Calculate the moles in each reactant
Acetic Acid (.231 mol/L)(0.125L)= 2.887 x 10^-2 mol AA
NAOH (.209mol/L)(.037L)= 7.733 x 10^-3 mol NaOH
As you can see, we have more AA and less NaOH, so NaOH is the limiting reactant.
NaOH + CH3COOH -> NaCH3COOH + H2O
start: 4.5 mmol, 8.75mmol, 0, n/a
change: -4.5 mmol, -4.5mmol, 4.5mmol, n/a
after rxn: 0, 4.25 mmol, 4.5mmol, n/a
Now your HH equation
pKa + log(conjugate base/acid) = 4.75 + log(4.5x10^-3 / 4.25x10^-3) =
pH = 4.76
What is Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in chemistry and biology connects the pH of a weak acid solution to its acid dissociation constant, Ka, and the ratio of the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base in equilibrium.
When both the pH of the solution and the ratio of ionized to unionized forms are known, the Henderson Hasselbalch equation can be used to calculate the pKa.
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When water dissolves a substance, weak charges on water molecules attract oppositely charged portions of the substance, pulling them out into solution. Which property of water accounts for this occurrence?.
Answer:
When water dissolves a substance, the water molecules attract and “bond” to the particles (molecules or ions) of the substance causing the particles to separate from each other. The “bond” that a water molecule makes is not a covalent or ionic bond. It is a strong attraction caused by water’s polarity.
Explanation:
What is the ratio of masses of hydrogen in these compounds given a fixed mass of carbon?
a. 2.00:3.00
b. 1.00:1.75
c. 1.00:1.25
d. 2.00:2.25
The ratio of the hydrogen masses in the compounds is 2: 3(Option A).
What is the law of multiple proportions?We know that compounds are composed of atoms and that compounds are formed by the combination of atoms. According to the atomic theory, the combination of the atoms with each other to form compounds occurs in a definite ratio.
From the law of multiple proportions, if two elements combine in such a way that they could lead to the formation of more than one type of compound, the combination occurs in such a way that masses of the second element that combines with first element are in simple ratios.
We can see from the statements in the complete question that the ratio of the hydrogen masses in the compounds is 2: 3(Option A).
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The electron configuration of Carbon is 1s²2s²2p² and Nitrogen is 1s²2s²2p³.
How are the electron configurations of carbon and nitrogen different?
(1 point)
O Carbon has more electrons in its p orbital.
O The electron configurations are the same.
O Carbon has more electrons in its s orbital.
O Nitrogen has more electrons in its p orbital.
Recall that there is restricted rotation around carbon-carbon double bonds. Maleic acid and fumaric acid are two isomers with vastly different physical properties and pka values for loss of both protons. Explain why each of these differences occurs.
The molecular formulas of maleic and fumaric acids are identical, but fumaric acid is a trans isomer while maleic acid is a cis isomer. The two acids have different physical properties even though they have the same molecular structure.
The melting point of fumaric acid is higher than that of maleic acid. In this case, polarity is much less critical than intermolecular hydrogen bonding in determining the relative stability of the crystal lattice and, consequently, the melting temperature of both acids. The carboxyl groups in fumaric acid can hydrogen bond with their neighbors, whereas the carboxyl groups in maleic acid form an intramolecular hydrogen bond. It requires more effort to break the bonds in the trans isomer than in the cis isomer because of the efficient packing structure of fumaric acid. Since fumaric acid has strong intermolecular forces, its melting point is higher.
The cis configuration, dipole-dipole interaction, and hydrogen bonding of the molecule make maleic acid polar, which makes it soluble in water. Because water is also polar, it can dissolve quickly in it. Fumaric acid is a non-polar molecule, but is not very soluble in water, despite the instantaneous induced dipole that the London Dispersion forces have for the molecule.
After losing the H⁺ ion, malic acid's cis isomer can create intramolecular H bonds, which makes the conjugate base more stable than the trans form (Fumaric acid).
Maleic acid has a higher tendency to lose H⁺ than fumaric acid because intramolecular H-bonding stabilizes the conjugate base by H-bonding, as shown in the first and second figures of the image given below:
Because maleic acid contains intramolecular H-bonding, fumaric acid has a lower pKa₂ than maleic acid when the second H is taken out.
As the acidity rises, the value falls because pKa is the negative logarithm of Ka. Maleic acid has a higher initial dissociation constant than fumaric acid as a result of stable conjugate base synthesis, which increases the former's acidity. Due to the structures of the singly dissociated ions, fumaric acid undergoes the second dissociation more quickly. Fumaric acid is a simple two distinct carboxylate group that dissociates relatively separately.
Maleic acid, on the other hand, only undergoes one dissociation to form a more robust resonant ring structure. The remaining hydrogen can now alternately bond to the oxygen in positions 2 and 3 to form an alternating 3 Center bond because it is a 1,4 dicarbonyl with an alkene between those two positions. The alternating 3 Center bond creates a seven-part aromatic ring because an alkene is located next to it. The conjugate base of maleic acid is stabilized and has fewer acidity thanks to aromatic rings. Look at the image below, specifically the third number figure.
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Calculate the molality of each of the following aqueous solutions. (a) 4.10 m kcl solution (density of solution = 1.09 g/ml) m (b) 41.7 percent by mass nabr solution.
(a) The molality of KCl solution is 5.23 m.
(b) The molality of NaBr solution is 6.95 m.
(a) c = 4.10 M; concentration of the solution
d = 1.09 g/ml; density of KCl solution
M(KCl) = 74.55 g/mol; molar mass of the solute
b = 1000×c /1000×d - c×M(KCl)
b = 1000 × 4.1 M / 1000 × 1.9 - 4.1 × 74.55
b = 5.23 mol/kg; molality of KCl solution
(b) ω(NaBr) = 0.417; percent by mass
m = 1.0 kg; mass of the solution
m(NaBr) = 417 g; mass of the solute
n(NaBr) = 417 g ÷ 102.9 g/mol
n(NaBr) = 4.05 mol; amount of the solute
m(H₂O) = 0.583 kg; mass of water
b = n(NaBr) ÷ m(H₂O)
b = 4.05 mol ÷ 0.583 kg
b = 6.95 mol/kg; molality of NaBr solution
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What is the main limitation of flame tests
Answer:Flame tests are used to help identify substances used in murders
Explanation:
A solution is an example of a (an): a solution is an example of a (an): _______
a. element.
b. homogeneous mixture.
c. pure substance.
d. compound.
e. heterogeneous mixture.
A solution is an example of a homogenous mixture. The correct option is b.
What is homogenous mixture?A homogeneous mixture is one in which the composition is consistent throughout. Because the dissolved salt is evenly distributed throughout the salt water sample, the salt water is homogeneous.
A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the composition varies throughout the mixture. Vegetable soup is a diverse concoction.
A solution is a uniform mixture of one or more dissolved solutes in a solvent. It should be noted that the solvent is the most abundant substance.
There are numerous solutions available. A solute, for example, can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
Thus, the correct option is b.
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