The cell cycle is fundamental to the reproduction of eukaryotic cells:
a) The phases of cell cycle include G1, S, G2, M phase.
b) Role of following:
Kinetochores: Structure present on the chromosome that provide binding area for spindle fibers.
Microtubules: These are the structure present in the cell that help in cargo movement, and give support to the cell.
Motor proteins: kinesins and dynein are the motor proteins that help in cargo transport by carrying the cargo filled vesicles.
Actin filaments: are involved in the movement of muscles.
c) The cell cycle is regulated by various proteins some of which help the cycle to move forwards whereas some halt it in case of some anomaly.
if cell cycle is abnormally regulated it can lead to cancer.
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Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted from the cell into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell? Smooth ER, lysosomes, vesicles, plasma membrane Vesicles, rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane Rough ER, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, plasma membrane Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER. plasma membrane
The alternatives shown below are accurate. Transport vesicles, the Golgi apparatus, rough ER, and cell membrane.
What does a human membrane do?Body membranes are incredibly thin tissue surface that line body cavities, cover organs around inside specialized cells, and cover the body's surface. They may be divided into connective tissue membrane and epidermal membrane.
What in biology is a membrane?A graphene of peptidoglycan reaches the double sheet that makes up biological membranes. Generally speaking, this structure is known as the cytosol. Molecules and sugars are important part of a structure of biological membranes, in addition to the many lipid types that are current in them.
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Would a mutation in a gene cause a change in the sequence of amino acids in a protein?; What may happen when a mutation changes the amino acid sequence of a protein?; Why do some mutations not result in a changed amino acid sequence?; How does mutation result to change in the structure and function of a protein?
Mutations, which are modifications to a gene's DNA sequence, can sometimes alter the amino acid sequence of the protein for which the gene codes.
What occurs when an amino acid in a protein is altered by a mutation?Although a mutation at specific places, such as conserved residues, might affect both the protein's structure and function, it is not always the case that a mutation in the amino acid sequence would modify a protein's structure.
What results from changing the amino acid sequence (mutations)?A protein's function may vary or disappear totally if just one amino acid in its sequence is altered. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
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clinical microbiologists often obtain pure cultures of a pathogen for use in identification procedures by utilizing sterile techniques and
Clinical microbiologists often obtain pure cultures of a pathogen for use in identification procedures by utilizing sterile techniques and specialized media.
In microbiology, pure culture is a laboratory culture that contains a single species of organism. It allows scientists to study certain species without the worry of contamination from other organisms.
To obtain pure culture, one must spread bacteria on the surface of a solid medium so a single cell occupies an isolated part of the surface. That cell will then go through repeated multiplication, producing a colony of similar cells. To make sure that the obtained culture is pure, microbiologist use sterile techniques (sterile environment and tools used) as well as a specialized medium.
The question above are incomplete, but most likely the completed version is as follows:
Clinical microbiologists often obtain pure cultures of a pathogen for use identification procedures by (utilizing using) sterile techniques and ______ media.
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Which statement describes a process that occurs in mitochondria?
All organisms' mitochondria participate in cellular respiration, which is a process. Simple sugars are broken down into carbon dioxide and water during this process, releasing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What action takes place within mitochondria?Mitochondria use oxygen present inside the cell to transform chemical energy from meals into energy the host cell can use. The procedure, known as oxidative phosphorylation, takes place inside mitochondria.
What takes place inside the mitochondria?Only in the mitochondria can oxygen and food molecules come together in a living thing. The substance can be digested once oxygen is supplied. They are energetic organelles that keep the cell active.
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a coastline where bedrock is vigorously eroded as sea level rises would most likely be characterized by...
Accelerated coastal processes like erosion can cause rapid changes to the coastline as the sea level rises.
Low-lying wetlands and dry land become submerged as a result of rising sea levels, which also erode shorelines, cause coastal flooding, and increase the flow of salt water into estuaries and surrounding groundwater aquifers. Additionally, as sea levels rise, storm damage to coastal infrastructure increases. Whether the sea rises or decreases, sea level change affects a variety of coastal landforms and processes. This might hasten the erosion of cliff walls or hasten the formation of bars and spits. agricultural practices, habitat degradation, and deforestation. Roots that stabilize silt and soil are disturbed by tree and plant removal, field plows, and livestock overgrazing. These human actions can accelerate erosion rates 10 to 100 times that of non-human geology processes.
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studies have indicated that a species of fish has decreased in size due to overfishing. which of the following terms best describes this?
Recruitment overfishing studies have indicated that a species of fish has decreased in size due to overfishing.
When a species of fish is removed from a body of water faster than it can naturally repopulate, this is called overfishing, and the species in that area becomes progressively underpopulated. Overfishing lead to the lesser fishes in water bodies that can disturb the balance of the eco-system, by disturbing the food-chain.
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describe what happens to fish protein in the human stomach
Answer:
Explanation:
Once ingested, fish protein is hydrolyzed and the MeHg-Cys complex is absorbed in the intestinal wall. This is a highly efficient process, with more than 95% of MeHg being absorbed in the GI tract
After ingesting fish, protein is digested in the stomach. As a protein source enters your stomach, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and hydrochloric acid are created.
What is Protein?Living things contain chemical molecules called proteins. They perform several different tasks, such as organising, transportation, and defence. A protein can have up to four different structural levels and is made up of chains of amino acids. Examples of particular proteins are collagen, insulin, and anticorps.
After ingesting fish, protein is digested in the stomach. As a protein source enters your stomach, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and hydrochloric acid are created. These enzymes convert proteins into polypeptides, which are then converted into amino acids.
Thus, after ingesting fish, protein is digested in the stomach. As a protein source enters your stomach, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and hydrochloric acid are created.
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compare movement through channels to movement on facilitated diffusion and active transport carriers.
Transporting molecules via facilitated diffusion does not require cellular energy. However, ATP and electrochemical potential are used in active transport to move molecules.
What is a diffusion explain?Diffusion is a phenomena that results in a net movement of matter from a highly concentrated area to a low concentration region. This only occurs when molecules move randomly. A typical example is the way a flower's perfume can quickly permeate a room's still air. Ion diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.
Where is diffusion in biology?Diffusion happens constantly in living organisms cell membranes in every organism and throughout the body. When compared to the oxygen levels in cells that are actively respiring, for instance, the concentration of oxygen inside arteries and arterioles is higher.
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true or false: the result of telophase is two nuclei surrounded by unwound dna inside a centriole.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Telophase I results in the production of two nonidentical daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell
False, to isolate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm, a nuclear membrane develops around each set of chromosomes during telophase.
What is the cell cycle?The chromosomes start to uncoil, becoming less compact and dispersed, cytokinesis, nuclear re-constitution, removal of the mitotic spindle machinery, and unwinding of the chromosomes into chromatin are characteristics of telophase, the final stage of mitosis.
Cytokinesis, or the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, occurs after telophase.
Therefore, the cell ultimately forms the daughter cell nuclei and proceeds to divide into two during telophase. The process that results in the creation of sperm and egg cells is known as meiosis.
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the p wave and subsequent atrial contraction are evident during the blank phase of the cardiac cycle.
The p wave and subsequent atrial contraction can be seen during the cardiac cycle's Ventricular Ejection phase.
What is cardiac called?Cardiovascular (CV) - Having to do with the circulation system's heart and blood vessels. Heart and blood vessel disorders are collectively referred to as cardiovascular disease (CVD) (vascular system). may also be referred to as cardiac may also be referred to as cardiac disease.
What is difference between heart and cardiac?In conclusion, a heart attack and a cardiac arrest are two distinct medical conditions. A cardiac arrest occurs when the entire heart stops beating, as opposed to a heart attack, that happens when the blood supply to a portion of the heart is cut off.
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What does succession do for an ecosystem?; How does succession help the ecosystem recover?; What is succession biology ?; Does ecological succession affect ecosystems?
Ecological succession is the gradual change in the environmental conditions due to which new plants and animal species originate over time and space.
Succession process enables emergence of new organisms in primary succession and the development that occurs when biotic community begins to stabilize itself in that region. It helps the ecosystem by increasing the diversity of organisms which are present in the ecosystem and helps to restore the natural balance. Succession biology is the progressive change that happens in a ecological community over a period of time. For example, conversion of barren land to forest or grassland and vice versa. Ecological succession does affect ecosystems because the emergence of new biotic components will cause the place to have biodiversity and other natural processes to happen smoothly.
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Which statement about the apparent brightness of the stars in the night sky is not true?
A. Stars that appear brighter are bigger than stars that do not appear as bright.
B. A large star can appear less bright than a small star if it is farther away from Earth.
C. Stars that appear less bright may be smaller than stars that appear brighter.
D. A small star can appear brighter than a large star if it is closer to Earth.
From the above options none of them is wrong concerning the apparent brightness of the stars in the night sky is.
what is a star?A star is an astronomical object made up of a luminescent plasma spheroid that is held together by gravity. The Sun is the closest star to Earth. However, because to their enormous distances from Earth, many additional stars that are visible to the unaided eye at night seem like stationary points of light.
Types of starsome of the types of stars are:
Protostar: A protostar is what you have before a star forms. ...T Tauri Star:Main Sequence Star:Red Giant Star:White Dwarf Star: Red Dwarf Star: Neutron Stars: Supergiant Stars:learn more about star here;
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suppose that three loci, each with two alleles (a and a, b and b, c and c), determine the differences in height between two homozygous strains of a plant. these genes are additive and equal in their effects on plant height. one strain (aa bb cc) is 10 cm in height. the other strain (aa bb cc) is 22 cm in height. the two strains are crossed, and the resulting f1 are interbred to produce f2 progeny. match the f2 phenotypes and expected proportions of progeny Phenotype (Height) Proportion of F2 10 cm 12 cm 14 cm 16 cm 18 cm 20 cm 22 cm 12/64 15/64 20/64 36/64 1/64 6/64
The differences in height between two homozygous strains of a plant are AABBCC strain is 12 cm taller than aabbcc strain.
As a result, each dominant allele increases height by 2 cm over the baseline of 10 cm for the all-recessive strain. The genotype AaBbCc F1 will measure 10 + 6 = 16 cm. Given that each dominant allele is 2 cm, the six comes from the equation 2 * 3.
6 | 10+(2*6) = 22 | 1/64
5 | 10+(2*5) = 20 | 6/64
4 | 10+(2*4) = 18 | 15/64
3 | 10+(2*3) = 16 | 20/64
2 | 10+(2*2) = 14 | 15/64
1 | 10+(2*1) = 12 | 6/64
0 | 10+(2*0) = 10 | 1/64
A person is considered to be homozygous for a gene if they inherit two identical copies of it. A genotype with separate alleles, on the other hand, is referred to as heterozygous. Recessive traits, like red hair or blue eyes, are always present in homozygous individuals.
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Which macromolecule provides the blueprint for living things by storing and transmitting genetic information?; What macromolecule serves as the storage and transmission of genetic information?; What type of molecule is the blueprint of living organisms?; Which Nucleic acid is the blueprint?
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Good conductors have
all of the above
low resistance
current moves easily
conserves energy-easy for electrons to move
pls help
Good conductors have all of the above, 1st option.
What are the properties of good conductors?Good conductors allow currents move easily through them because the electric field within them is zero. They also have very low electrical current resistance, whereas insulators have very high electrical current resistance.
They also allow for charge transfer via electron free movement. Insulators, as opposed to conductors, are materials that obstruct the free flow of electrons from atom to atom and molecule to molecule. That is to say that every statement made above is true of good conductors.
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n which anatomical plane does the internal and external rotation of the shoulder occur?
Answer:
Internal and external rotation of the shoulder occurs in the transverse plane, also known as the horizontal plane. The transverse plane is a plane that runs perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
in blood vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons, increased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to while decreased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to dilate.
Increased sympathetic stimulation causes blood vessels to constrict, whereas decreased sympathetic stimulation causes blood vessels to vasodilate, in blood vessels that are only innervated by sympathetic axons.
Sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes arteries & arterioles (resistance vessels) to contract, increasing vascular resistance and reducing distal blood flow. The increasing vascular resistance that results from this across the body raises arterial pressure. When this happens, the sympathetic nervous system kicks in to assist you escape danger by increasing your heart rate, pumping more blood to regions of your body that need it, and other responses. Vasoconstriction that raises arterial blood pressure is caused by increased vascular sympathetic activity, which also increases the tone of the vascular smooth muscle. Vascular sympathetic activity is reduced, which causes the blood vessels to expand and lower blood pressure.
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a g-protein receptor with gtp bound to it . a g-protein receptor with gtp bound to it . directly affects gene expression is in its active state will use cgmp as a second messenger signals a protein to maintain its shape and conformation
A protein found in the cell membrane known as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), binds extracellular chemicals and relays signals from these substances to an intracellular component known as a G protein.
A GPCR signaling cascade's various components are relatively well understood. The most crucial processes are: (1) agonist binding, (2) receptor conformational change, (3) receptor-G protein connection, (4) G protein-effector association, (5) change in effector activity, and (6) consequent changes in ion conductance or second messenger concentration. Many different types of animals, including mammals, plants, microbes, and invertebrates, have GPCRs in their cell membranes. GPCRs come in many different varieties; the human genome alone encodes 1,000 distinct types. As a whole, they react to a wide variety of chemicals, including light, hormones, amines, neurotransmitters, and lipids.
Hence, GPCR signaling is part of various cellular metabolic process.
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which statement best describes the relationship between adenosine diphosphate (adp) and adenosine triphosphate (atp)?
A. With an input of energy, ADP rearranges to become ATP.
B. Without any energy change, ADP rearranges to become ATP.
C. With an input of energy, ADP combines with a phosphate group to become ATP.
D. With a release of energy, ADP combines with a phosphate group to become ATP.
The statement that best describes adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is with an input of energy, ADP combines with a phosphate group to become ATP(option C)
What is Adenosine triphosphate and Adenosine diphosphate?Adenosine diphosphate (medical abbreviation ADP) is a molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate.
Similarly When the cell has extra energy from food break down, it stores that energy by reattaching a free phosphate molecule to ADP, turning it back into ATP.
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Why is there a limited vegetation in the tundra Brainly?; What is the limited vegetation in the tundra?; Why is biodiversity limited in the tundra?; Why does the tundra have more vegetation than the desert?
The area's upper soil surface is frozen into a rock-like form vegetation in the tundra throughout the entire year due to the cold.
Why does the tundra have so little vegetation?Small shrubs, grasses, mosses, sedges, and lichens, which are all better suited to surviving tundra conditions, make up the patchy, low-to-the-ground vegetation of the tundra.
Why is tundra biodiversity so low?Arctic tundra is largely uniform and has low biodiversity as a result of its recent glacial history, whereas alpine tundra is significantly more diversified and has higher biodiversity as a result of its fragmentation on remote mountains. The chilly temperatures and brief growing season are the main causes of the sparse vegetation.
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______lowers blood sugar levels;_______raises the level of blood sugar.
A. Insulin; glucagon
B. Glucocorticoids; insulin
C. Glucagon; glucocorticoids
D. Glucagon; insulin
Insulin lowers the blood sugar levels; whereas glucagon raises the levels of blood sugar. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is Blood sugar?Blood sugar or blood glucose is the main sugar which is found in the blood. It comes from the food we eat, and is the body's main source of energy. Blood carries glucose to all the different cells which are present in the body to use for producing energy.
Two hormones are associated with the homeostasis of blood sugar level in the body, these are insulin and glucagon. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the cells of pancreas, it is responsible for lowering the blood sugar level while the hormone glucagon is responsible for increasing the level of blood sugar by breaking food particles to produce glucose from it.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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it is particularly important for pregnant women to carefully wash their hands and take other precautions if they have a pet cat and are changing the litter box. an organism occasionally carried by cats, pigs, and sheep can infect humans and pass from mother to child in utero, resulting in severe symptoms in the growing child. microscopic examination of this single-celled organism shows a nucleus and other visible cellular organelles. this pathogenic organism is the
1. plant, Plasmodium vivax
2. protist, Plasmodium vivax
3. plant, Toxoplasma gondii
4. protist, Toxoplasma gondii
Option 1. plant, Plasmodium vivax.
A pathogenic organism is an organism that is able to inflict diseases on a host man or woman. the arena fitness company indexed among dangers that may be present in meals probably dangerous bacteria, viruses, toxins, parasites, and chemicals.
Pathogenic organisms are of five principal types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms. some common pathogens in every organization are listed in the column at the right. Infectious retailers can grow in various frame cubicles.
Pathogens encompass viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that invade the body and can motivate fitness problems. Anthrax, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, and the Zika virus, amongst many others, are examples of pathogens that cause serious sicknesses.
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_________ involves conversion from a flat two-dimensional trilaminar embryonic disc into a three dimensional cylinder.
The correct answer is embryonic folding. The ectodermal and mesodermal germ layers' explosive expansion is principally responsible for the lateral folding of the embryo. These layers start to fold and merge toward the midline as they grow.
The longitudinal and transverse folding that results from embryonic expansion, particularly of the neural tube, converts the flat trilaminar embryonic disk into a more cylindric embryo. The folding don't happen one at a time sequentially; they happen concurrently. Flexion, or curving, separates the embryo from the embryonic membranes, to which it is finally only connected by a slender stalk, the umbilical cord. Flexion turns the embryo into a sort of "tube." The dorsal part of the embryo grows more quickly than its ventral portion, which causes the embryo to curve around the umbilical region as its long axis increases quickly due to core growth being greater than peripheral growth.
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cell membranes are selectively permeable, meaning that only certain molecules or ions are able to pass through it via diffusion. True or False ?
True, the membrane which allows only certain substances to pass through, but does not allow others to pass through it is called a selectively permeable membrane
Semipermeable membrane is a kind of organic or synthetic, polymeric membrane with a purpose to allow certain molecules or ions to skip thru it by osmosis. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on both side, in addition to the permeability of the membrane to every solute. relying on the membrane and the solute, permeability may rely upon solute size, solubility, properties. How the membrane is constructed to be selective in its permeability will decide the charge and the permeability. Many natural and synthetic materials which are as an alternative thick are also semipermeable. One example of this is the thin film at the inside of the egg.
Schematic of semipermeable membrane all through hemodialysis, where blood is red, dialysing fluid is blue, and the membrane is yellow.
organic membranes are selectively permeable,[ with the passage of molecules managed by means of facilitated diffusion, passive transport or lively transport regulated by way of proteins embedded inside the membrane.
For example, the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells.
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Which of the following components are found both in a PCR reaction AND in a naturally occurring cell during DNA replication? Select all that apply. O A Nucleotides O B Helicase enzymes O C. DNA to be replicated O D Polymerase O E. Primers
Nucleotides, DNA to be replicated, Polymerase, Primers are found both in a PCR reaction AND in a naturally occurring cell during the replication of DNA.
Cells duplicate their genome's DNA through a process known as DNA replication. Before dividing, a cell must copy (or duplicate) its entire genome in order to make sure that each daughter cell will have a full genome.
Probably one of DNA's most amazing tricks is DNA replication. If you give it some thought, every cell contains all of the DNA needed to produce every other cell. And eventually, we have trillions of cells, which began as just one cell. Additionally, during the process of cell division, each piece of information that is present in a cell must be precisely copied.
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to understand the structure of eukaryotic dna, rank the following from least to most condensed.
From the least to the most compact, eukaryotes' levels of chromatin compaction. (least dense) DNA leads to a nucleosome, a solenoid, loop domains, a chromatid, and a chromosome in metaphase (most compact)
With the use of condensing or compaction chemicals, elongated, negatively charged double-helical random coils of DNA are transformed into smaller, charge-neutralized micro- or nano-sized compact structures.
The chromatin, a combination of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus, condenses during prophase. The development of discernible chromosomes is caused by the coiling and tightening of the chromatin. One well organized piece of DNA makes up each chromosome.
The nucleosome is thought to be the simplest form of chromatin organization. It is primarily made up of DNA fragments that histones wrap around. Lysine and arginine make up the amino acid histone.
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coral bleaching is a very serious problem that is increasing at an alarming rate. which of the following statements best describes coral bleaching?
Elevated temperature is the cause of coral bleaching, which is the loss of symbiotic algae.
When exposed to high temperatures, all marine species that have zooxanthellae lose their symbiotic algae. One of two ways that temperature can cause bleaching is through brief, moderately increased temperature exposure (1.5–2.0°C above average summertime temperatures for several days) or through prolonged, mildly increased temperature exposure (1.0–1.5°C above average for 3–4 weeks after the end of the typical summer warm season). bleached corals seem dead and white. The spectral appearance is misleading. The coral's hue is not chalky because it has died; rather, it is transparent because it lacks the coloring that is provided by the symbiotic algae.
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How do scientists use ice cores to predict the climate of Earth's past?
Select one:
They measure the amount of nitrogen released from the ice to provide evidence of how global warming has changed over time.
They use the different layers of ice to assume the change in sea level rise over time.
They use proxies such as pollen, dust, and volcanic ash within the different layers of ice to make predictions of what climate was like over time.
They measure the remains of living organisms that once lived on the ice, like penguin and polar bear bones, to infer what the climate was like in the past.
After analyzing enough ice core slices, which may each represent a week to a year of time, a researcher can look for patterns to track changes in the composition and temperature of the atmosphere, as well as what activity on Earth shaped it.
How do we measure past climate?Paleoclimatologists can measure climate change by taking ice core samples, observing remnant glacial land forms, surveying the sediment on the ocean floor, and studying ancient vegetation fossils.They collect ice cores in a variety of locations around the world to study regional climate variability and compare and distinguish it from global climate signals. The ice cores they collect from the ice contain a record of what our planet was like hundreds of thousands of years ago.The oxygen in water molecules also holds information about past climate. Scientists can use the oxygen atoms in glacial ice as a proxy for the temperature of the air above the glacier. In the last half million years, ice sheets on the continents have grown and then shrunk four times.To learn more about climate refer to :
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What are the different organs involved in the excretory system and what are their functions?
Answer:
- Kidneys: The main organ of the excretory system. They filter
wastes and poisons out of the blood. Your entire blood supply passes
through the kidneys about once every 30 minutes. The waste
removed here is urine, which is made up of water, urea, and
salts. Nephrons are small filtering units in the kidney
- Lungs: Release carbon dioxide and water from the process of
respiration.
- Liver: The liver stores sugar until it is needed in the blood. Amino
acids release nitrogen when they are changed into sugars. Nitrogen is
changed by the liver into urea. Urea is a significant substance in urine
that is released from the body through the urethra.
- Skin: The skin releases urea, water and salt from the body
through sweat. Perspiration also helps to cool the body.
What is the outcome of protein synthesis?; What is protein synthesis?; What is protein synthesis answer?; What is protein synthesis called?
Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins. In biological systems, it is carried out inside the cell. In prokaryotes, it occurs in the cytoplasm.
Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes. In eukaryotes, it initially occurs in the nucleus to create a transcript (mRNA) of the coding region of the DNA. The transcript leaves the nucleus and reaches the ribosomes for translation into a protein molecule with a specific sequence of amino acids. It generally includes transcription, translation, and post-translational events, such as protein folding, modifications, and proteolysis.
Protein synthesis is process in which polypeptide chains are formed from coded combinations of single amino acids inside the cell. The synthesis of new polypeptides requires a coded sequence, enzymes, and messenger, ribosomal, and transfer ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Protein synthesis takes place within the nucleus and ribosomes of a cell and is regulated by DNA and RNA.
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