The effort by Creating Hope International to train women in Afghanistan to become tailors primarily reduces B) human capital differences between advanced and developing economies.
Creating Hope International's initiative to train women in Afghanistan as tailors focuses on developing their skills and knowledge in a specific field, which directly contributes to improving their human capital. Human capital refers to the skills, education, training, and abilities of individuals, and it plays a crucial role in economic development and reducing disparities between advanced and developing economies.
By providing training in tailoring, the organization empowers Afghan women by enhancing their vocational skills and improving their employability. This helps bridge the gap in human capital between advanced and developing economies. With increased skills and expertise in tailoring, these women can potentially engage in entrepreneurship and contribute to the local economy.
While the initiative indirectly touches on other aspects such as manufacturing (as tailoring is a manufacturing activity), the primary focus is on enhancing the human capital of the women involved. By equipping them with marketable skills, Creating Hope International aims to empower them and provide opportunities for economic self-sufficiency and growth.
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Budget Earned Account Code PV EV 03110 Formwork 4,000 6,000 03210 Rebar 10 900 03310 Place & Finish 800 640 1,600 Subtotal Slabs at grade O a. EV (BCWP) is equal to actual cost (ACWP): no cost variations can exist EV (BCWP) is equal to quantity installed None of these choices O d. EV (BCWP) is equal to scheduled (BCWS); no schedule variations can exist O b. O c. UOM SF Ton CY Budget Quantity Total Actual Quantity To-Date 3,000 Percent Complete
The true statement is that EV (BCWP) is equal to scheduled (BCWS), indicating that there are no schedule variations.So, the correct option is d.
The EV (BCWP) values provided for each account code are $6,000 for Formwork, $900 for Rebar, and $640 for Place & Finish. These values represent the budgeted cost of work performed. To determine the true statement, we compare the EV (BCWP) values to the PV (BCWS) values, which represent the scheduled budgeted cost.
Upon comparison, we find that the EV (BCWP) values are indeed equal to the PV (BCWS) values. This indicates that the work performed aligns with the planned schedule, and there are no schedule variations. Therefore, the true statement is that EV (BCWP) is equal to scheduled (BCWS); no schedule variations can exist.
The other statements provided, such as EV (BCWP) being equal to actual cost (ACWP) or quantity installed, cannot be determined with the given data. The ACWP values and the actual quantity to-date information are not provided, making it impossible to compare EV (BCWP) to actual cost or quantity installed. Thus, the correct option is d. EV (BCWP) is equal to scheduled (BCWS); no schedule variations can exist.
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If disposable income is $350B and the average propensity to
consume is 0.8, personal saving is 70B.
Group of answer choices
True
False
False. The average propensity to consume (APC) is the proportion of disposable income that is consumed, while the average propensity to save (APS) is the proportion that is saved. APC + APS always equals 1.
If APC is 0.8, then APS would be 0.2 (1 - 0.8). If personal saving is $70B, it means that APS is $70B divided by the disposable income. Since APS is less than 0.2 (0.2 is the maximum value it can be), the statement is false. The APS would need to be $70B divided by the disposable income to equal 0.2, for the statement to be true. The average propensity to consume (APC) is defined as the proportion of disposable income that individuals or households spend on consumption. In this case, the APC is given as 0.8, which means that individuals spend 80% of their disposable income.
To calculate the total consumption, we multiply the disposable income by the APC:
Total consumption = Disposable income * APC = $350B * 0.8 = $280B
To calculate personal saving, we subtract total consumption from disposable income:
Personal saving = Disposable income - Total consumption = $350B - $280B = $70B
Therefore, the personal saving in this scenario is correctly given as $70B.
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Reflect on the structure of the House and Senate, and the reasons why the Founding Fathers structured them differently. In your opinion, does this structure still serve a purpose?
The House of Representatives and the Senate are the two chambers of the United States Congress. The Founding Fathers structured the House and Senate differently for various reasons.
Each state's population determines the number of representatives a state can have. The House of Representatives has 435 members, and each representative serves a two-year term. The Senate, on the other hand, is the upper house, and it has two members from each state, regardless of population. Each senator serves a six-year term. The Founding Fathers structured the two houses differently to give different segments of the population different representation, as they believed that each state deserved equal representation.In my opinion, the structure of the House and Senate still serves a purpose today. It ensures that the interests of both the larger and smaller states are taken into account, as well as ensuring that there is balance and stability in the legislative process.
The House and Senate structure also provides an effective check and balance system that prevents any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.
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Exercise 2-3 Computing Total Job Costs and Unit Product Costs Using a Plantwide Predetermined Overhead Rate [L02-3] Mickley Company's plantwide predetermined overhead rate is $19.00 per direct labor-hour and its direct labor wage rate is $14.00 per hour. The following information pertains to Job A-500: Direct materials 280 Direct labor $ 280 Required: 1. What is the total manufacturing cost assigned to Job A-500? 2. If Job A-500 consists of 40 units, what is the unit product cost for this job? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) 1. Total manufacturing cost 2. Unit product cost 940 per unit
Total manufacturing cost of Job A-500 = $1,260Number of units produced = 40Unit product cost = Total manufacturing cost / Number of units produced= $1,260 / 40= $31.50 Therefore, the unit product cost of Job A-500 is $31.50 per unit.
1. Total manufacturing cost of Job A-500 is $1,260.Total manufacturing cost refers to the overall cost incurred in the production process of a particular product. Direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs are the three basic components of total manufacturing costs. Direct materials and direct labor costs are assigned directly to a product.
In contrast, overhead costs are not directly traceable to a specific product, and thus, must be allocated based on predetermined overhead rates. Job A-500:Total manufacturing cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Overhead costs= $280 + $280 + (DLH × predetermined overhead rate)= $280 + $280 + (20 DLH × $19) = $1,260 (where DLH = direct labor hours)2. The unit product cost for Job A-500 is $31.50 per unit.
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Which is the right order of preparation of the three financial documents?
A.The income statement, the statement of cash flows, and the balance sheet.
B.The income statement, the balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows.
C.The balance sheet, the income statement, and the statement of cash flows.
D.The balance sheet, the statement of cash flows, and the income statement.
E.The statement of cash flows, the balance sheet, and the income statement.
Option B is the correct answer. The correct order of preparation of the three financial documents is: The income statement, the balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows.
Option B is correct because the income statement is prepared first, followed by the balance sheet, and then the statement of cash flows. The income statement is a summary of the revenue and expenses for a particular period of time. It shows the net income or loss for the period. The balance sheet is prepared next, and it summarizes the company's financial position at a particular point in time.
It shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company.The statement of cash flows is prepared last. It shows the inflow and outflow of cash for a particular period of time. It helps to explain the change in cash on the balance sheet during the period.
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Why does Cameron&Neal object economic explanations
of imperialism? What are their counter arguments?
Cameron and Neal object to economic explanations of imperialism because they argue that they oversimplify and overlook other crucial factors such as politics, ideology, and culture. They contend that economic determinism fails to capture the complexities and multidimensional nature of imperialist endeavors.
Cameron and Neal argue that economic explanations of imperialism present an overly reductionist view by attributing imperialist actions solely to economic motivations, such as resource exploitation or market expansion. They assert that this narrow perspective overlooks the significant influence of political, ideological, and cultural factors in shaping imperialist endeavors.Their counter arguments emphasize the multifaceted nature of imperialism, highlighting that political ambitions, nationalist ideologies, and cultural perceptions of superiority also drive imperialist actions. They contend that economic determinism fails to capture the complexities and nuances of imperialism as a historical and social phenomenon.
They emphasize the role of power dynamics, geopolitical considerations, and the desire for dominance and prestige in shaping imperialist aspirations. In summary, Cameron and Neal object to economic explanations of imperialism because they believe they oversimplify the complex motivations and dynamics behind imperialist actions. Their counter arguments emphasize the importance of political, ideological, and cultural factors in understanding the phenomenon of imperialism more comprehensively.
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preferencecapital. Computethecostofcapitalofa preferredsharesoldatBr100with8%dividend. Youn chos moted in the Addis Exchangon at
The cost of capital for the preferred shares is 8%. This means that the company will need to pay an annual dividend of Br8 per share to its preferred shareholders in order to meet its financial obligations and maintain their confidence.
To compute the cost of capital for preferred shares, we need to use the formula:
Cost of Capital (Kp) = Dividend per Share / Market Price per Share
In this case, the dividend per share is 8% of the face value of Br100 which is Br8. So,
Kp = Br8 / Br100
Kp = 0.08 or 8%
Therefore, the cost of capital for the preferred shares is 8%. This means that the company will need to pay an annual dividend of Br8 per share to its preferred shareholders in order to meet its financial obligations and maintain their confidence.
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please help answer this
Problem 4 - Transfer Price Lesserafim Corporation is a company with grapes dessert business lines. Currently, the company has two divisions namely the Harvesting Division and the Processing Division.
Lesserafim Corporation will set a transfer price between the Harvesting Division and Processing Division based on the cost-based transfer pricing method. The transfer price would be the cost of goods sold plus mark-up, where the cost of goods sold would be the main factor to determine the transfer price.
In most companies that are divided into different segments, it is common that different parts of the company provide products or services to each other. This interaction results in a transfer price, which is the price charged for the products or services transferred. In this case, we will discuss Lesserafim Corporation which is a company with grapes dessert business lines. Currently, the company has two divisions namely the Harvesting Division and the Processing Division.
Transfer pricing is the concept of internal pricing of goods and services within a company that is divided into several different parts, for example divisions. In the context of Lesserafim Corporation, the transfer price would be relevant if the Harvesting Division supplied grapes to the Processing Division. In order to determine the transfer price between the Harvesting Division and Processing Division, Lesserafim Corporation will use the cost-based transfer pricing method. This means that the transfer price will be based on the cost incurred by the Harvesting Division. The cost of goods sold is the most important cost incurred by the Harvesting Division, therefore, it would be the basis for the transfer price. This method is considered the simplest and most straightforward method of transfer pricing. The formula for the cost-based transfer pricing method is: Transfer price = cost of goods sold + mark-up.
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Data visualization help users see patterns and relationships that would be difficult to see in text lists. True False
The statement "Data visualization help users see patterns and relationships that would be difficult to see in text lists" is true. Explanation: Data visualization is the representation of data through charts, graphs, and other graphical interfaces. It aids in data analysis by allowing users to see patterns and relationships that would be difficult to discern in text lists or tables.
Data visualization can help in the discovery of insights from a large dataset, and it can make complex data more accessible, understandable, and shareable. It can also assist in the communication of findings to others. As a result, data visualization is essential in data analysis and business intelligence, as well as in many other areas where data plays a critical role.
Data visualization help users see patterns and relationships that would be difficult to see in text lists. True False It can also assist in the communication of findings to others. As a result, data visualization is essential in data analysis and business intelligence, as well as in many other areas where data plays a critical role.
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Paperclips, an office supply store, has increased profits by selling mone items than paper and ink cartridges. As a busy supply store they are managing the customer's supplies, checking ventones and replacing sed materials in the customer's office Paperclips has a systems approach which considers O the entire supply chain to find the best low-cost sources for high-quality materials Oan untapped profit center based on the inventory management O the whole production process which includes the customers Walmart is the master of supply chain management, finding the best sources for high-quality materials and supplies at the lowest cost. Walmart excels at O financial management O operations management O systems management Scientific management principles O explained how to run a service-based company well O focused on management responsibilities to bring about control and unity favored a division of labor so that workers became more efficient Management is much harder than Taylor, Mayo, or Foßett would have us believe. Instead of one correct way to manage the best solution depends on the situation, and management must fous primarily on O experimenting to more to find the worst approach O maintaining executive morale O looking for key contingencies One approach to organization is putting activities that are similar under one person. O Fayol O Taylor O Weber called this "unity of direction."
Paperclips, an office supply store, has increased its profits by selling more items than paper and ink cartridges. They have done this by managing their consumer ’ supplies, checking inventory, and replacing used materials in the customer's office.
This is a systems approach that considers the entire supply chain to find the best low-cost sources for high-quality materials, which can be an untapped profit center based on inventory management. Walmart is the master of supply chain management, finding the best sources for high-quality materials and supplies at the lowest cost.Walmart excels at operations management, which focuses on the whole production process, including the customers. Walmart has a system to ensure that the right products are in the right stores at the right times. Walmart focuses on its financial management to remain profitable, so it can continue to offer the best prices to its customers. This means that Walmart has a very efficient supply chain that is the envy of many companies. Walmart has also excelled in systems management, using technology to streamline its supply chain. Walmart has an automated inventory tracking system that reduces the amount of inventory that Walmart has to keep in stock. This system also allows Walmart to track which products are selling well and which are not. This helps Walmart to keep its inventory levels low, which reduces the amount of inventory that Walmart has to keep in stock.Fayol is the one who proposed putting activities that are similar under one person. He called this “unity of direction.” Taylor is the one who focused on management responsibilities to bring about control and unity. He favored a division of labor so that workers became more efficient. Weber is the one who explained how to run a service-based company well. Fayol's principle of unity of direction states that a group of activities with a single goal should be placed under a single supervisor. This is done to ensure that there is a coordinated effort to achieve the goal of that group of activities.
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non-conforming based on the data collected from his manufacturing records is 2%, and th A supplier wants to design a sampling plan for his customer. The supplier estimated the fractic customer is willing to accept maximum of 4% fraction non-conforming products in the lot. Th supplier has an agreement to use a sample of 80 products from the lot of 1000 products. (a) Dras the OC curve of the sampling plan assuming that the lot will be accepted if the number of defectiv products in the sample is at best 1, (b) Do you think that the sampling plan will provide reasonable protection for the supplier2 ) To improve the probability of acceptance of the lot, the supplier wants to apply rectifying inspection plan on the in-coming lot . Do you think the inspectior plan will help to improve the quality level of the out-going lot?—Answer with evidence, (d) Estimate the average total inspection required by the rectifying inspection plan used in (c). Solution:
(a)Drawing of OC curve for the given information: The non-conforming fraction based on the data collected from the manufacturing records is 2%, and the supplier estimated the fraction of non-conforming products that the customer is willing to accept in the lot to be a maximum of 4%.
In this case, n = 80, p1 = 0.04, and p2 = 0.02Thus, the formula for the standard deviation can be used as follows:σ =sqrt( (p1-p2) * n )σ = sqrt( (0.04-0.02)*80 )σ = 0.4The formula for the OC curve is OC=Φ ((p1-p2) sqrt(n)/σ))OC= Φ((0.04-0.02) sqrt(80)/0.4)OC= Φ(1.2649)Using the normal distribution table, Φ(1.2649) = 0.8968Thus, the OC curve for the sampling plan is shown in the graph below.
The curve represents the relationship between the probability of acceptance and the fraction of non-conforming products.(b)The sampling plan will not provide reasonable protection for the supplier because the probability of acceptance is relatively low at a fraction of non-conforming products at or above 4%.Thus, the sampling plan is not satisfactory because it does not provide enough protection for the supplier.
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Preparation of Financial statements Example Hariech plc supplies computer software to customers throughout the European Union. following is the company's trial balance at 31st December 2014; $000 $000 Purchases. 50,000 Accounts receivable 4,160 Inventories at 1 January 2014 5,000 Freehold property at cost 77,800 Final dividend paid for 2013 in July 2014 700 Distribution costs 10,800 Plant & equipment at cost 12,000 Administration expenses 16,000 Research expenditure 2,480 Accumulated depreciation at 1 January 2014 Bank Ordinary shares 6% Debenture loan Accounts payable Share premium account at 1 January 2014 Sales revenue Retained profit at 1 January 2014 Total You are given the following additional information; 178,940 2400 300 44,000 4,000 4,240 5,000 102,000 17,000 178,940 1. An invoice of $ 100,000 for advertising during 2014 was received in January 2015 and is not reflected in the above trial balance. 2. The value of inventories at 31 December 2014 was $5,400,000. 3. The company does not depreciate its freehold property. 4. The plant & equipment were purchased on 1 January 2012, at which time they were expected to have a 10 year life and a zero residual value. 5. Six months' rent of $520,000 included in administration expenses, was paid in advance on 1 October 2014. 6. Research expenditure has been incurred in the attempt to discover an improved design for one of the products that it sells. 7. The debenture interest due for 2014 has not yet been paid or accrued. 8. On 30 June 2014 the company issued 5,000,000 ordinary shares of $ 1 each for $9,000,000. The entire proceeds of this issue has been recorded as part of the balance of $ 44,000,000 on the ordinary shares account. 9. It is estimated that the corporation Tax charge for 2014 will be $6,000,000. Required: Prepare the following financial statements of Hariech plc for 2014 in accordance with the provisions of IAS 1 entitled presentation of Financial Statements: a) Statement of comprehensive income b) Statement of changes in equity; and c) Statement of financial position
a) The financial statements of Hariech plc for 2014, prepared in accordance with IAS 1, include the following:
Statement of comprehensive income
Statement of changes in equity
Statement of financial position
b) The statement of comprehensive income presents the company's revenues, expenses, gains, and losses for the year. It includes the following items: sales revenue, purchases, distribution costs, administration expenses, research expenditure, final dividend paid, advertising expenses (not reflected in the trial balance), and debenture interest (accrued but not paid).
c) The statement of changes in equity outlines the movement in the company's equity during the year. It includes the opening balance of retained profit, additional share capital (proceeds from the issuance of ordinary shares), and the estimated corporation tax charge. The statement also reflects any dividends paid and the closing balance of retained profit.
d) The statement of financial position provides a snapshot of the company's financial position at the end of the year. It includes assets such as accounts receivable, inventories, freehold property (not depreciated), plant and equipment, and accumulated depreciation. Liabilities and equity are also presented, including accounts payable, the debenture loan, the share premium account and ordinary shares. The statement of financial position will reflect the adjustments for inventories, prepaid rent, and the estimated corporation tax charge.
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Condensed financial data of Skysong Company for 2020 and 2019 are presented below. SKYSONG COMPANY COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019 2020 2019 Cash $1,830 Receivables 1,770 Inventory 1,620 Plant assets 1,940 Accumulated depreciation (1.190 ) Long-term investments (held-to-maturity) 1,300 $7,270 Accounts payable $1,220 Accrued liabilities 210 Bonds payable 1,420 Common stock 1,890 Retained earnings 2,530 $7,270 SKYSONG COMPANY INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 Sales revenue $7.100 Cost of goods sold 4,760 $1,130 1,290 1,920 1,680 (1,170) 1,410 $6,260 $910 260 1,530 1,710 1,850 $6,260 MacBook Den SKYSONG COMPANY Statement of Cash Flows (Direct Method) December 31, 2020 Cash Flows from Operating Activities Cash Receipts from Customers LA MacBook Pro 457 SKYSONG COMPANY Statement of Cash Flows (Direct Method) December 31, 2020 Cash Flows from Operating Activities Cash Receipts from Customers SA MacBook Pro 457
The net cash flow from operating activities was $4,620, which implies that the company had a positive cash flow from its day-to-day operations, resulting from sales revenue.
Skysong Company is a hypothetical organization. As the question didn't ask for any specific queries, here's an answer covering various aspects of Skysong's condensed financial data presented below for 2020 and 2019.SKYSONG COMPANY COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020, AND 2019 2020 2019Cash $1,830 Receivables 1,770 Inventory1,620 Plant assets 1,940 Accumulated depreciation (1,190) Long-term investments (held-to-maturity) 1,300 $7,270Accounts payable $1,220 Accrued liabilities 210 Bonds payable 1,420 Common stock 1,890 Retained earnings 2,530 $7,270Cash - Skysong Company's cash increased to $1,830 in 2020 from $910 in 2019, indicating that it had a higher cash balance than in the previous year. Receivables - Skysong Company's receivables rose to $1,770 in 2020 from $260 in 2019, indicating that it sold more goods on credit and hence more revenue was pending.Inventories - Skysong Company's inventories were worth $1,620 in 2020, compared to $1,530 in 2019. It implies that the business procured more inventory in 2020 than in the previous year.Plant assets - Skysong Company's plant assets increased from $1,680 in 2019 to $1,940 in 2020, indicating the purchase of more machinery and equipment.Long-term investments - Skysong Company had $1,300 worth of long-term investments that were held-to-maturity in 2020. The figure remained constant from the previous year, indicating no new investments were made nor the older ones were sold.Accounts payable - Skysong Company owed $1,220 to suppliers in 2020, compared to $1,530 in 2019. The amount it owed to suppliers decreased from the previous year.Accrued liabilities - Skysong Company owed $210 in accrued liabilities in 2020, compared to $260 in 2019. It implies that it paid off some of its outstanding bills and obligations.Bonds payable - Skysong Company had $1,420 in bonds payable in 2020, compared to $1,710 in 2019. The amount of bonds payable has decreased from the previous year.Common stock - Skysong Company's common stock was worth $1,890 in 2020. Retained earnings - Skysong Company's retained earnings increased to $2,530 in 2020 from $1,850 in 2019. Retained earnings depict the firm's net income that hasn't been distributed to its shareholders.Statement of Cash Flows (Direct Method) December 31, 2020Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash Receipts from Customers $7,100Less: Cost of goods sold $4,760 Gross profi $2,340Add: Depreciation expense $1,190 Amortization of investment income $130 Increase in accounts receivable $1,510 Increase in inventory $(90) Increase in accounts payable $(310) Decrease in accrued liabilities $(50) Net cash flow from operating activities $4,620The statement of cash flows portrays Skysong's inflows and outflows of cash. The net cash flow from operating activities was $4,620, which implies that the company had a positive cash flow from its day-to-day operations, resulting from sales revenue.
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12 15 Suppose the supply and demand equation are given as follow: Demand: Qd=122-4*p Supply: Qs=19+1*p What's the equilibrium quantity? (Hint: enter your answer in 2 decimal places) Your Answer:
The equilibrium quantity is 39.6. In other words, when the price is 20.6, the quantity demanded by the market is equal to the quantity supplied by the market.
Qd=122-4*p Supply: Qs=19+1*pTo find the equilibrium quantity, we have to set these two equations equal to each other: Qd = Qs122-4p = 19+p122-19 = 4p+p103 = 5p p = 20.6
Now we substitute the value of p = 20.6 in either equation to find the equilibrium quantity. Let's use the demand equation: Qd = 122 - 4 * pQd = 122 - 4 * 20.6Qd = 122 - 82.4Qd = 39.6
Therefore, the equilibrium quantity is 39.6. In other words, when the price is 20.6, the quantity demanded by the market is equal to the quantity supplied by the market.
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During an audit of Wyndham Limited, the auditor used a variety of sampling methods based on
areas selected for an audit test. Some methods were statistical and some non-statistical. Due to
the extent of the audit, it was decided to use the work of experts and include work done by
internal auditors to supplement evidence gathered.
An extract of the Statement of Financial Position for year ended 2021 December 31 is as follows:
i. Property, plant and equipment $54 000 000; buildings $35 000 000, motor vehicles $5
000 000, plant and machinery $9 000 000 and investments $5 000 000
ii. Non-current liabilities amounted to $49 500 000 and current liabilities $2 350 000. A. Outline FOUR (4) factors that influence the reliability of audit evidence obtained from
internal auditors.
B. Relate TWO (2) substantive procedures that could be used to verify the existence and
classification of assets and liabilities.
C. Explain the following financial statement assertions with regards to account balances
reported in a set of financial statements:
i. Rights and obligations
ii. Presentation
iii. Accuracy, valuation and allocation
D. Describe TWO (2) factors that will influence the auditor’s judgement regarding
sufficiency of the evidence obtained from both the experts and internal auditors.
E. Identify other area(s) that would be selected for review. Give reason(s).
A. Factors considered by auditor to check reliability are objectivity and competence, scope and nature, policies and procedures and Internal controls evaluation.
B. Two substantive procedures - Physical inspection and Obtaining and evaluating documentary evidence
C. Financial statement assertions - Rights and obligations, Presentation and Accuracy, valuation, and allocation
D. Factors influencing auditor's judgement regarding sufficiency of evidence - skills and knowledge, and reliability.
E. Other areas for review - cash, account receivables, accounts payable, loans, and contingencies
A. Factors that influence the reliability of audit evidence obtained from internal auditors:
To determine the reliability of audit evidence obtained from internal auditors, an auditor considers various factors, which are as follows:
1. The internal auditor's objectivity and competence
2. Internal controls evaluation of the organization's internal auditors
3. Audit scope and nature
4. Internal audit policies and procedures
B. Two substantive procedures that could be used to verify the existence and classification of assets and liabilities:
1. Physical inspection
2. Obtaining and evaluating documentary evidence
C. The following are the financial statement assertions concerning account balances in a set of financial statements:
1. Rights and obligations: All assets and liabilities in the financial statements are the company's, and the company has legal control over them.
2. Presentation: All financial data is correctly classified, characterized, and described.
3. Accuracy, valuation, and allocation: All financial data is presented correctly, and the values are accurate.
D. Two factors that will influence the auditor's judgement regarding sufficiency of evidence obtained from both experts and internal auditors:
1. The auditor's assessment of the internal audit team's skills and knowledge
2. The auditor's understanding of the experts' reliability
E. Other areas that would be selected for review are cash, account receivables, accounts payable, loans, and contingencies. The auditor will review these accounts to ensure that they are reasonably accurate and have been reported appropriately.
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How are S-Corps distinguished from C-Corps? a. S-Corps can choose to deduct up to 20% of income or pay a 15% tax rate. C-Corp shareholders have limited liability B. S-Corps are taxed as pass-thru entities, meaning profits and losses pass through the corporation to the shareholders. C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations C. S-Corps are subject to standard double taxation, meaning they pay federal and state corporate taxes. C-Corps only pay federal tax D. S-Corps are subject to standard double taxation, meaning profits and dividends are taxed. C-Corps only pay state taxes E. S-Corps are taxed as pass-thru entities, meaning profits and losses pass through the shareholders back to the corporation. C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations
S-Corps are distinguished from C-Corps by being taxed as pass-thru entities, while C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations.
S-Corps and C-Corps are two common types of business entities in the United States, each with its own distinct characteristics. One key difference between them lies in how they are taxed. S-Corps are treated as pass-thru entities, which means that the profits and losses of the corporation pass through to the individual shareholders. Consequently, the income generated by the S-Corp is reported on the shareholders' personal tax returns, and they are taxed at their individual tax rates.
On the other hand, C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations. This means that the corporation itself is subject to taxation on its profits at the corporate tax rate. Additionally, if the C-Corp distributes dividends to its shareholders, those dividends are also subject to taxation at the individual level.
Hence, C-Corps are subject to potential double taxation—the corporation pays taxes on its profits, and the shareholders pay taxes on the dividends received.
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A ________ is purposeful, specifying what an organization wants to accomplish in the larger environment A) marketing strategy B) marketing objective C) strategic plan D) mission statement E) market portfolio
D) Mission statement. A mission statement is a concise statement that defines an organization's purpose and outlines what it aims to achieve in the larger environment.
It serves as a guiding principle that helps shape the organization's strategic decisions and actions. A mission statement typically encompasses the core values, goals, and primary objectives of the organization.
Marketing strategy refers to the overall approach and plan devised by an organization to achieve its marketing goals and objectives. It involves identifying target markets, positioning products or services, and determining the marketing mix.
Marketing objectives are specific, measurable targets set by an organization to guide its marketing efforts. They are derived from the broader strategic goals and are usually related to areas such as sales, market share, customer acquisition, or brand awareness.
A strategic plan is a comprehensive document that outlines an organization's overall direction and strategies for achieving its objectives. It includes various elements such as the mission, vision, goals, and action plans.
Market portfolio refers to the collection of products or services offered by an organization in the market. It represents the range and diversity of offerings provided by the organization.
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Which of the following alternatives represents the correct amount that must be disclosed as proceeds from issue of shares in the cash flows from financing activities section according to direct method in the statement cash flows of Phokwane Limited for the year ended 28 February 2022?
a. (34 300)
b. 34 300
c. (68 800)
d. 68 800
e. 0
The correct option is (b) 34 300
The amount that must be disclosed as proceeds from issue of shares in the cash flows from financing activities section according to direct method in the statement cash flows of Phokwane Limited for the year ended 28 February 2022 is option (b) 34 300.
Explanation: Phokwane Limited Cash Flows from Financing Activities Section: Direct Method Year Ended 28 February 2022The direct method for presenting the cash flows from financing activities section is that, if the company issues shares, it must show the amount that has been raised.
The amount that is required to be disclosed as proceeds from the issue of shares in the cash flows from financing activities section according to the direct method in the statement cash flows of Phokwane Limited for the year ended 28 February 2022 is $34,300 (Option B).
Hence, the correct option is (b) 34 300.\
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111.TheDallas Morning Newsneeded a new printing press basically like the one that needed to bereplaced. The firm’s familiarity with the product and its manufacturer caused it to approach twocompanies--one in the United States and one in Japan--to see which could offer the better deal. Itnegotiated with both companies and quickly decided to buy from the Japanese manufacturer when itoffered to sell a press for $2.2 million less than its U.S. competitor. This purchase was an example ofa:a.contingency buyb.modified rebuyc.negotiated buying systemd.straight rebuye.new buying situation
The purchase made by The Dallas Morning News from the Japanese manufacturer, after negotiating with both the U.S. and Japanese companies, can be classified as a "c. negotiated buying system."
In a negotiated buying system, the buyer engages in a process of negotiation and comparison between potential suppliers to obtain the best possible deal. The buyer evaluates various factors such as price, quality, terms, and conditions offered by different suppliers before making a decision.
In this case, The Dallas Morning News approached both the U.S. and Japanese companies for a new printing press. After negotiating with both, they determined that the Japanese manufacturer offered a significantly lower price, $2.2 million less than its U.S. competitor. This indicates that the negotiation process played a crucial role in their decision-making.
A modified rebuy occurs when a buyer wants to make some changes or modifications to an existing product or service. However, in this case, The Dallas Morning News was seeking a replacement press essentially similar to the one they needed to replace, rather than modifying the product.
Therefore, the purchase made by The Dallas Morning News can be categorized as a negotiated buying system, as they engaged in negotiations with different suppliers and selected the Japanese manufacturer based on the offered price difference.
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Currently, all non-current assets, including Land and Buildings,
Motor Vehicles and Furniture and Fixtures are reported in the
Statement of Financial Position at historical cost. I would like to
provi
In the Statement of Financial Position, non-current assets such as Land and Buildings, Motor Vehicles, and Furniture and Fixtures are reported at historical cost.
Historical cost refers to the original cost incurred to acquire or produce the assets. It includes the purchase price, any directly attributable costs, and any necessary expenses to bring the asset to its present location and condition. The historical cost is typically determined at the time of acquisition or construction.
Reporting assets at historical cost provides a reliable and verifiable measure of their value at the time of acquisition. It avoids subjectivity and potential manipulation that could arise if assets were reported at their current market value or revalued amounts. However, it also means that changes in market values or inflation over time are not reflected in the financial statements.
It's important to note that while non-current assets are reported at historical cost, there may be additional disclosures in the financial statements that provide information about their estimated current values, such as fair value disclosures or information about impairments.
By reporting non-current assets at historical cost, stakeholders can assess the original investment made by the entity and make informed decisions regarding the financial position and performance of the company.
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17.
For mark-ups m and k, an increase in price
elasticity of demand is associated with
a.
an increase in markup.
b.
a decrease in markup.
c.
no change in markup.
d.
cannot be determined from the infor
An increase in price elasticity of demand is associated with a decrease in markup. The correct option is option B.
The markup is defined as the difference between the price charged by a firm and the marginal cost of producing the good. It represents the firm's ability to set prices above the cost of production and capture some additional profit.
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. When demand is elastic, a small change in price leads to a proportionally larger change in quantity demanded, indicating that consumers are sensitive to price changes.
On the other hand, when demand is inelastic, quantity demanded is not very responsive to price changes, indicating that consumers are less sensitive to price.
An increase in price elasticity of demand implies that consumers have become more responsive to price changes. In this case, the firm faces a more competitive market environment, where small price increases may lead to significant decreases in quantity demanded.
To remain competitive and maintain sales, the firm would need to decrease its markup, i.e., reduce the difference between price and marginal cost. This adjustment allows the firm to lower prices and attract more price-sensitive consumers.
Therefore, the correct answer a decrease in markup, when there is an increase in price elasticity of demand.
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1. Examine the job evaluation process in your own organization. Is there a formal process in place that allows positions to be categorized in a logical fashion allowing your compensation plan to appropriately compensate based on SKA's, while maintaining both internal and external equity?
2. Discuss what changes you would make to your existing system to enhance the real and or perceived equity between positions.
each answer must be 500 words
The job evaluation process refers to the procedure of assigning relative pay levels to jobs within the company. It involves the assessment of the skills, education, and responsibilities of the employee's position and the analysis of how these skills are applied in the overall success of the organization.
The organization I am working with has a formal job evaluation process that allows us to categorize positions logically. The process starts with the job analysis, which identifies the job duties, qualifications, and requirements needed to perform the job.
Next, we analyze the job in terms of compensation factors, including the knowledge, skills, and abilities (SKAs) required to perform the job. We also examine the complexity of the work and the level of accountability. The job is then compared to similar positions within the organization, and a relative value is assigned to the job based on the data gathered from the analysis.
The compensation plan is developed based on the job evaluation process, which provides a logical basis for compensation. The process ensures that positions with similar SKAs and responsibilities are appropriately compensated, promoting internal equity, while external equity is maintained through the analysis of the salaries offered by the organization's competitors.
To enhance the real and perceived equity between positions in the organization, the following changes can be made to the existing system:
1. Periodic review: The job evaluation process should be reviewed periodically to ensure that it remains relevant to the organization's changing goals, structure, and requirements. It should be modified to incorporate new skills and technologies that have become essential for the success of the organization.
2. Involving employees: The employees should be involved in the job evaluation process to ensure that they understand how their positions are evaluated and compensated. The organization can develop a program to educate the employees on the job evaluation process and provide them with the tools to analyze their own positions.
3. Transparency: The organization should be transparent about the job evaluation process, explaining how positions are evaluated and compensated. This transparency will help build trust among employees, who will feel that their positions are evaluated fairly.
4. Regular feedback: Employees should receive regular feedback on their job performance and their progress towards meeting their goals. This feedback will help them understand the skills and competencies that are required for advancement and increased compensation.
5. Equal pay for equal work: The organization should ensure that employees are compensated based on the work they do, not on their race, gender, or other discriminatory factors. This policy will help promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
6. Flexible compensation: The organization can consider developing a flexible compensation plan that allows employees to customize their benefits based on their individual needs and preferences. This plan will help promote employee satisfaction and retention, which will, in turn, benefit the organization.
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a random sample of 12 joggers was asked to keep track and report the number of miles they ran last week. the responses are:____
The responses of the 12 joggers to the question about the number of miles they ran last week are not provided in the question.
The question only sets up the scenario of a random sample of 12 joggers being asked to report their running distances from the previous week. However, no actual responses are given. It is important to note that the missing data makes it impossible to draw any conclusions or perform any analyses regarding the distances ran by the sample of joggers.
I see that you've provided a prompt but did not include the actual responses from the 12 joggers. Please provide the data, and I will be happy to help you with the main answer and explanation.
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Allowance method and allowance for uncollectible accounts Points) It estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be uncollectible from the trade customers and it is an contra account (to the account payables), which contains the estimated uncollectible amount that is deducte from the total Accounts Payables. It estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be collectible from the trade suppliers and it is an contra account (to the account receivable), which contains the estimated collectible amount that is deducted from the total Accounts Receivable. It estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be uncollectible from the trade customers and it is an contra account (to the account receivable), which contains the estimated uncollectible amount that is deducte from the total Accounts Receivable.
Allowance method and allowance for uncollectible accounts are accounting techniques that aid in reducing the impact of bad debt on the overall financial health of a business.
The allowance method is a type of accounting method that focuses on the estimation of bad debts in the future, and it is more of a "forward-thinking" approach. The allowance method involves calculating and recording an allowance for doubtful accounts in the financial statements. The bad debts are debited to the allowance for uncollectible accounts, which is a contra-asset account, whereas the total accounts receivable are reduced by the same amount. The use of the allowance method in accounting implies that a company maintains a balance sheet that reflects a more accurate picture of the true accounts receivable. When an account is deemed uncollectible, the allowance for uncollectible accounts is debited, and the accounts receivable are credited by the same amount. In contrast, the direct write-off method is a more conservative approach that recognizes bad debt only after the actual default has occurred. Under the direct write-off method, accounts receivable are recorded at the full amount, and the bad debts are charged as an expense at the time of the default. The direct write-off method does not provide for any allowance for doubtful accounts and is used primarily for tax purposes.
Therefore, the allowance method is the preferred approach for estimating and accounting for bad debt in the accounting system, providing a more accurate reflection of the accounts receivable. The use of an allowance for doubtful accounts allows the business to anticipate and account for the possibility of bad debt, which helps reduce the impact of bad debt on the business's overall financial health.
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What acts of communication are used by companies with advocacy strategy? O Defensive statements Sponsorship Briefing Spread of the word
Companies that adopt an advocacy strategy employ a range of communication actions that directly or indirectly promote and protect their corporate image, mission, values, and products or services.
The following acts of communication are used by companies with advocacy strategy: Defensive statements: The company responds to allegations or attacks on its reputation by giving a defensive statement. This statement aims to counter negative news stories and may include any evidence that supports the company's claims or actions. Sponsorship: Companies use sponsorships to enhance their reputation and market presence while also supporting a social or cultural cause. They could sponsor an organization, a cultural event, a celebrity, or a sports team.Briefing: Companies issue briefings to stakeholders, shareholders, and the media. These briefings can include information on changes to company policy, strategic plans, product launches, or business updates.Spread of the word: Companies spread the word to the public through social media, press releases, and advertisements. They use these channels to promote their products, services, and achievements while also reinforcing their company's image as a responsible, innovative, and trustworthy organization.
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Assignment on impact of COVID -19 on downsizing decision on"
Restaurant Business on Bangladesh"
N.B: please provide word file so that I can copy paste.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the restaurant business in Bangladesh, leading to a rise in downsizing decisions within the industry. Restaurants have faced various challenges, including reduced customer demand, restrictions on dining-in, and disruptions in the supply chain.
The pandemic has caused a decline in consumer spending and changed consumer behavior, with people opting for home-cooked meals or takeout instead of dining out. This drop in demand has severely affected the revenue and profitability of restaurants, making it necessary for them to reduce costs, including labor expenses. As a result, many restaurants in Bangladesh have had to downsize their workforce, leading to layoffs, reduced working hours, or closure of certain branches. The downsizing decisions have been driven by the need to manage financial sustainability amidst the challenging business environment. By reducing the number of employees, restaurant owners aim to lower their operational costs and align their businesses with the reduced demand. However, these decisions have not been easy, as they impact the livelihoods of employees and have broader implications for the overall economy. The downsizing trend in the restaurant industry has highlighted the vulnerability of businesses in the face of unforeseen crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. It has also underscored the importance of resilience and adaptability in finding new ways to operate and serve customers while navigating the challenges brought on by the crisis. The long-term impact of these downsizing decisions on the restaurant business in Bangladesh will depend on factors such as the duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of government support measures, and the ability of the industry to innovate and adjust its business models to the changing landscape.
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Explain how did the invention of credit revolutionized the
economic system?
The invention of credit revolutionized the economic system by introducing a new method of exchanging goods and services and facilitating economic growth. Here's how credit transformed the economic system:
Increased purchasing power: Credit allows individuals and businesses to make purchases and investments without needing immediate cash or savings. It expands purchasing power by enabling people to acquire goods and services on credit and pay for them over time. This boosts consumer demand and drives economic activity.
Business expansion and investment: Credit provides businesses with the means to expand their operations, invest in new ventures, and take advantage of growth opportunities. With access to credit, businesses can acquire capital, purchase equipment, hire employees, and develop new products or services. This promotes innovation, creates job opportunities, and stimulates economic development.
Entrepreneurship and small business growth: The availability of credit has facilitated the rise of entrepreneurship and the growth of small businesses. Entrepreneurs can obtain financing to start their ventures, even if they don't have significant personal capital. This lowers barriers to entry and fosters innovation, competition, and economic diversity.
Economic stability and resilience: Credit plays a vital role in smoothing out economic fluctuations and providing stability during times of economic downturns. During recessions or periods of reduced consumer spending, credit allows individuals and businesses to maintain their purchasing power and continue operations. It helps mitigate the negative impacts of economic downturns and supports overall economic resilience.
Access to essential goods and services: Credit enables individuals to access essential goods and services that they might not otherwise afford immediately. It allows people to purchase homes, cars, education, and healthcare services, spreading the cost over time. This promotes social mobility, enhances quality of life, and contributes to the overall well-being of individuals and communities.
Financial intermediation: The introduction of credit created opportunities for financial institutions to act as intermediaries between savers and borrowers. Banks and other financial institutions accept deposits from savers and use those funds to provide credit to borrowers. This intermediation process efficiently allocates capital in the economy, directing savings towards productive investments and fostering economic growth.
In summary, the invention of credit revolutionized the economic system by expanding purchasing power, promoting business growth, supporting entrepreneurship, providing economic stability, increasing access to essential goods and services, and facilitating financial intermediation. It has become an integral part of modern economies, enabling economic transactions and fueling economic progress.
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Prepare vertical analysis and comment on the changes between Year 2021 and 2020 (000's omitted) 2021 2020 Current asset 29 21 PPE (net) 137 147 Total assets 166 168 Current liability 23 22 Long term liability 95 80 Retained earnings 48 66 Total liability and equity 166 168
Vertical AnalysisVertical analysis is a technique that examines financial statements to identify trends and evaluate performance over time. It helps businesses to identify how much each item contributes to the overall statement and to compare the various ratios of different organizations and across different periods.
It is a method of financial statement analysis in which each item is represented as a percentage of a base figure within the statement, thereby enabling easy comparison of information over time periods and against other businesses. The base figure for vertical analysis of the balance sheet is usually total assets or total liabilities and equity.Using vertical analysis, we can identify the financial status of a company and determine its ability to meet its financial obligations. It can be useful for investors and financial analysts to assess a company's strengths and weaknesses and make informed decisions. Let's see the changes between 2021 and 2020 using vertical analysis.Vertical Analysis of the Balance SheetFor the vertical analysis of the balance sheet, we will use the following formula: (Each Item/Total Assets or Liabilities and Equity) x 100
2021 2020
Current Assets 17.47% 12.5%
PPE (net) 82.53% 87.5%
Total Assets 100% 100%
Current Liability 13.86% 13.10%
Long Term Liability 57.23% 47.62%
Retained Earnings 28.92% 39.29%
Total Liability and Equity 100% 100%
Comments on the ChangesBetween the years 2020 and 2021, there have been some significant changes in the vertical analysis of the balance sheet. The main points are as follows:
The proportion of current assets has increased by 4.97%, from 12.5% in 2020 to 17.47% in 2021. This indicates that the company has invested more in short-term assets, which can be used to pay off current liabilities.
PPE (net) has decreased by 4.97%, from 87.5% in 2020 to 82.53% in 2021. This suggests that the company has either sold off some of its fixed assets or has not invested as much in them as it did in the previous year.
The proportion of current liabilities has increased by 0.76%, from 13.10% in 2020 to 13.86% in 2021. This means that the company has taken on more short-term debt.
The proportion of long-term liabilities has increased by 9.61%, from 47.62% in 2020 to 57.23% in 2021. This indicates that the company has taken on more long-term debt, which may have been used to finance expansion or acquisition.
Retained earnings have decreased by 10.37%, from 39.29% in 2020 to 28.92% in 2021. This suggests that the company has paid out more dividends or incurred losses in the current year.
The proportion of total liabilities and equity has remained unchanged at 100%.
In conclusion, the company has invested more in short-term assets and taken on more debt in both the short and long term, but has not invested as much in fixed assets. Its retained earnings have decreased, which may have been due to dividend payouts or losses.
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Imagine a situation where you have to implement an organization wide change related to performance related appraisal in the organization. In such a case, what could be your strategy to implement the new change in the organization. Q3. Explain the dual concern model of conflict management with the help of a suitable diagram. Q4. Power and politics play an important role in managing change within the organization. Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with suitable example. Q5. Why do employees resist within the organization? As a leader, what are the possible tools and tactics you can use in-order to reduce resistance within the organization.
The strategy for implementing the new change in the organization would be to communicate the change to the employees and stakeholders and involve them in the change process.
The employees should be informed about the purpose of the change and the expected benefits to the organization. The employees should also be trained and equipped with the skills necessary to carry out the change. Furthermore, feedback should be sought from employees during the change process, and a reward system should be put in place to motivate employees to embrace the change.
Q2. Dual concern model of conflict management
The dual concern model of conflict management is a model of conflict resolution that suggests that the most effective approach to conflict resolution involves balancing the concerns for self and concern for others. It involves five conflict-handling styles, namely:
Competing
Collaborating
Compromising
Avoiding
Accommodating
In this model, the two concerns, concern for self and concern for others, are represented on two axes, with concern for self on the horizontal axis and concern for others on the vertical axis.
Q3. Power and politics in managing change
Power and politics play a significant role in managing change within the organization. Power is the ability of an individual or group to influence others, while politics refers to the use of power to achieve a specific objective. When introducing change, power, and politics can be used to support or resist the change. For example, if the change would lead to a loss of power or status for some employees, they may resist the change, while those who stand to benefit from the change may support it.
Q4. Reducing resistance within the organization
Employees may resist change within the organization for several reasons, including fear of the unknown, lack of trust in management, and fear of job loss or reduced benefits. As a leader, some of the possible tools and tactics that can be used to reduce resistance within the organization include:
Effective communication: This involves providing information about the change and its benefits to the organization.
Empathy: This involves understanding the concerns of employees and addressing them in a positive and respectful manner.
Incentives: This involves providing incentives to employees to encourage them to embrace the change.
Employee participation: This involves involving employees in the change process and providing them with opportunities to provide feedback and suggestions.
Support: This involves providing employees with the necessary support to enable them to adapt to the change.
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Which of the following measures is the preferred measure of inflation used by the Federal Reserve when setting monetary policy?:
a. The personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index less food and energy.
b. The trimmed-mean personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index
c. The Sticky Prices Index
d. The consumer price index (CPI) less food and energy
e. The personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index
The preferred measure of inflation used by the Federal Reserve when setting monetary policy is the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index less food and energy.
The Federal Reserve considers the core PCE index as the preferred measure of inflation because it provides a more accurate depiction of inflationary pressures in the economy. By excluding food and energy prices, which tend to be more volatile and subject to temporary shocks, the core PCE index focuses on the underlying inflationary trends. This measure aligns with the Federal Reserve's goal of maintaining price stability and ensures that monetary policy decisions are based on the long-term inflation outlook rather than short-term fluctuations.
Compared to the consumer price index (CPI), the PCE index has a broader coverage of goods and services consumed by households and incorporates data from a wider range of sources. Additionally, the trimmed-mean PCE index and the Sticky Prices Index are not commonly used as the primary measures of inflation by the Federal Reserve. Therefore, the core PCE index is the preferred measure for monetary policy decisions due to its comprehensive coverage and exclusion of volatile food and energy prices.
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