The concept that the electrostatic repulsion between electron pairs surrounding an atom causes these pairs to be separated as far as possible is the foundation of VSEPR theory.
The premise of VSEPR is that valence pairs surrounding atoms tend to repel each other, so we adopt configurations that minimize this repulsion. This reduces the molecule's energy, increases its stability, and determines the shape of the molecule. The main assumptions of VSEPR theory are:
The shape of a molecule depends on the number of electron pairs in the valence shell around the central atom. ii The electron pairs in the valence shell repel each other because the electron cloud is negatively charged. VSEPR theory is used to predict the shape of a molecule from the electron pairs surrounding the central atom of the molecule.
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in the reaction 4nh3 5o2 - 4no 6h20 what is the total number of moles of oxygen used to produced 72 grams of no
2.7 ⋅(10)21. Avogadro's number is equal to 0.004412 moles H 2 O, which is equal to 6.022 x 10 23.
How to find the calculation?You should utilize the ideal gas law equation here as a starting point.
PV =nRT
Here
The gas's pressure is P.
Its volume, V, is what it takes up.
The amount of gas in the sample, n, is expressed as moles.
Its value is 0.0821 atm, and R is the universal gas constant. Determine the amount of moles of ammonia present in your sample by multiplying L mol K T by the absolute temperature of the gas.
Solve for n by rearranging the ideal gas law equation.
PV= nRT ⇒ n = PV/RT
You must convert the sample's volume to liters and the temperature to Fahrenheit before you can plug in your numbers to discover the answer.
n = 1 atm . 72.0⋅ 10 ³− L / 0.0821 atm . L /mol ⋅ K ⋅ (273.15 +25)K
NH 3 moles, n = 0.0029414
Now that you've seen the chemical equation in equilibrium, you know.
4 NH 3 ( g ) + 5 O 2 ( g ) → 4 NO ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( l )
that the reaction produces 6 moles of water for every 4 moles of ammonia that participate in it.
Therefore, you don't need to worry about oxygen being a limiting reagent as it is supposed to be in abundance and your reaction will produce it.
The equilibrium chemical equation results in 0.0029414 moles of NH 3.
6 moles of H2O, 4 moles of NH3,
0.004412 moles of hydrogen oxide
Avogadro's constant, which states that 6.022 10 23 water molecules are required to generate one mole of water exactly, can be used to calculate the amount of water molecules that the reaction produces.
As a result, you can state that your sample will have
Avogadro's number is equal to 0.004412 moles H 2 O, which is equal to 6.022 x 10 23.
substances H 2 O
1 mole H 2O
= 2.7 ⋅ 10 21. molecules H2O
You only have one significant figure for the pressure at which the reaction occurs, so I'll round the answer to two sig figs.
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Direct Measurement Method Mass (g) Magnet 25 05 Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) Volume (cm) Density (g/cm) 05
the density of the magnet using the direct measurement method is
0.2 g/cm^3
To calculate the density of the magnet using the direct measurement method, we use the following formula: Density = Mass / Volume. First we need to calculate the volume of the magnet. Since the magnet has a rectangular shape, we can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism: Volume = Length x Width x Height. In this case, the length, width, and height of the magnet are given as 5 cm, 5 cm, and 5 cm respectively. So the volume of the magnet is:Volume = 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm = 125 cm^3. Now we can calculate the density of the magnet: Density = Mass / Volume = 25 g / 125 cm^3 = 0.2 g/cm^3. So the density of the magnet is 0.2 g/cm^3. It's worth noting that the volume should be in the same unit as the mass, and the density should be in g/cm^3, otherwise the result will be wrong.
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Design a synthesis of acetophenone from benzyl alcohol and methanol. OH он ала снон and CH3OH Part 1 out of 12 Choose the best option for the precursor to the target molecule.
The best precursor to the target molecule is benzyl alcohol, as it provides the necessary carbon skeleton for the synthesis of acetophenone.
What is acetophenone?Acetophenone is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H8O. It belongs to the class of compounds known as aromatic ketones and is a colorless, oily liquid with an aroma resembling that of roses. Acetophenone is naturally present in many fruits and plants, including raspberry, blackberry, honey, and apple. It is commonly used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, food, and beverages. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as an intermediate in the synthesis of drugs.
Benzyl alcohol can be converted to an alkyl halide by reaction with thionyl chloride, which can then be reacted with methanol to form the desired product.
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the rate remains constant when the concentration of a is doubled and the concentration of b is held constant. the reaction rate doubles when the concentration of b is doubled and the concentration of a is held constant. what are the orders of a and b in this reaction?
Reaction rate: According to the question The order of a is 1 and the order of b is 2.
What is Reaction rate?Reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs. It is closely related to the reactants, products, and the conditions of the reaction, such as temperature, pressure, concentration, and catalysts.
This can be determined by looking at the reaction rate. When the concentration of a is doubled, the reaction rate stays constant. This indicates that the reaction is not dependent on the concentration of a, and therefore its order is 1. When the concentration of b is doubled, the reaction rate doubles. This shows that the reaction is dependent on the concentration of b, and therefore its order is 2.
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A mixture is made by mixing alcohol, water and salt then how will you seperate the componen of the mixture?
Answer: Fractional Distallation
Explanation: this technique relies on the compounds of the mixture. This is able to happen when there is diffrent boilling points.
what bonding accounts for the expected increase in energy density of solid nitrogen as compared to methanol?
The increased energy density of solid nitrogen is due to its strong covalent bonds. Methanol molecules have only weaker hydrogen bonds, so they are less tightly packed and have less energy density.
What is covalent bonds?A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons. This type of bond is the strongest type of bond and is typically found between non-metal elements. In a covalent bond, the atoms involved form a strong attraction for each other, due to the electrostatic forces of the shared electrons. This attraction helps keep the bonded atoms together, forming molecules or compounds.
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Arrange the following bonds in order of INCREASING bond strength. (Note: SMALLEST BOND STRENGTH FIRST. LARGEST BOND STRENGTH LAST) A. C-I
Since the fluorine atom has a higher electronegativity than carbon (4.0 vs. 2.5), the carbon-fluorine bond has a significant polarity/dipole moment.
What does bonds mean in chemistry?Chemical bonds maintain the interconnectedness of molecules' atoms. Electrostatic forces between negatively charged electrons and positively charged atomic nuclei produce bonds (the positions of which in space are determined by quantum mechanics). Molecules and crystals are created by the formation of chemical bonds, which are long-lasting attractions between atoms or ions. Covalent bonds and ionic bonds both involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds are formed by electrostatic attraction between two ions that have opposing charges.
Why form chemical bonds?The most straightforward explanation is that atoms are trying to get into the most stable (lowest-energy) state they can. Many atoms become stable when they satisfy the octet rule or have their valence shell completely filled with electrons (by having eight valence electrons). Atoms swap or trade their valence electrons in order to create bonds. It is possible for the valence electrons, which make up an atom's outermost energy level, to interact chemically. All chemical bonds are built on valence electrons.
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The complete question is:Arrange the following bonds in order of INCREASING bond strength. (Note: SMALLEST BOND STRENGTH FIRST. LARGEST BOND STRENGTH LAST)
A. C-I
B. C-F
C. C-Br
D. C-I
E. Bond strengths are equal.
where is the highest ionization energy in the periodic table
Answer: Helium has the largest first ionization energy while francium has one of the lowest.
Explanation: The first ionization energy varies in a predictable way across the periodic table. The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period.
ind pH in the following solution if their [H^+] concentration is : a) [5x10^-9 ml/dm^3]
Answer:
8.301
Explanation:
just calculate -log (5×10*-9)
If you combine the results of this question with the results from question 3b, what do you know about the total ph change caused by adding the last 0.1 ml of hno3
The total pH change caused by adding the last 0.1 ml of HNO3 would be a decrease of 0.5.
What is pH?pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration, and is expressed on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, a pH below 7 is acidic and a pH above 7 is alkaline. A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic, and a solution with a pH of 14 is very alkaline
This is because the pH of the solution decreased by 0.5 when 0.1 ml of HNO3 was added in question 3b.
As this was the last addition of HNO3, no more pH change can be expected and thus the total pH change caused by adding the last 0.1 ml of HNO3 would be 0.5.
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Which of the following hybridization schemes allows the formation of at least one π bond?
a. SP^3
b. SP^2
c. SP^3D^2
Just the sp2 hybridization seems to have a free p orbital among the sp3, sp2, and sp3d hybridization schemes. It therefore permits the development with at least one bond.
How does chemistry define hybridization?A new form of hybridized orbitals is created by combining two atomic orbitals, which is known as hybridization in chemistry. Hybrid orbitals with completely distinct energies, forms, etc. are typically created as a result of this intermixing.
In basic terms, what is hybridization?When two single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules are complementary to one another, they can hybridize to generate a double-stranded molecule. The right base pairing between both the two single-stranded polymers is required for the bonding to occur.
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The data below were collected for the following reaction:CH3Cl(g) + 3Cl2(g) → CCl4(g) + 3HCl(g)A) Calculate the value of the rate constant, kB) What is the overall order of the reaction?
equation that determines rate is the last one. Quantum K-3 divided by concentration gives the reaction rate.
Describe the KC formula.Calculating Kc: Kc's equation is Kc=[C]c[D]d[A]a[B]b. Assuming [C] , [D] are the molar quantities of something like the byproducts at equilibrium and [At] and [B] are really the molar concentration of a reactants at equilibrium, we may write K c = [C] c [D] d [A] a [B] b.
What does k mean in terms of reaction rate?The proportionality constant (k) that links the pace of the action to the concentration of reaction mixture is known as the specific rate constant. For any chemical reaction, the rate law and the particular rate constant must be ascertained through experimentation. Temperature affects the rate constant's value.
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heat is added to boiling water. explain why the temperature of the boiling water does not change. what does change?
As a result of the heat being absorbed by the water, which provides the energy needed to partially break intermolecular attraction interactions in the liquid and cause a transition to gaseous water, the liquid turns into a solid phase.
Gaseous water is present where?The hydrosphere contains gaseous water, or water vapor. For instance, when we boil water, the air is filled with the vapor that results from the water being heated.
Describe a gaseous water example.We are constantly surrounded by the vapor of water, which is a gas. It is invisible. Water transforms into a gas and water vapor when it is boiled. We observe a little cloud known as steam as a portion of the vapour cools.
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1. Hydrogen can be prepared by reacting zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid. a) Write an equation for the reaction. b) Name an appropriate drying agent for hydrogen gas. c) Explain why copper metal cannot be used to prepare hydrogen gas. d) Hydrogen burns in oxygen to form an oxide. (i) Write an equation for the reaction. (ii) State two precautions that must be taken before the combustion begins and at the end of the combustion. e) Give two uses of hydrogen gas. f) When zinc is heated to redness in a current of steam, hydrogen gas is obtained. Write an equation for the reaction. g) Element Q reacts with dilute acids but not with cold water. Element R does not react with dilute acids. Elements S displaces element P from its oxide. P reacts with cold water. Arrange the four elements in order of their reactivity, starting with the most reactive. h) Explain how hydrogen is used in the manufacture of margarine. 2. (a) Hydrogen can reduce coppers Oxide but not aluminium oxide. Explain (b) When water reacts with potassium metal the hydrogen produced ignites Explosively on the surface of water. (i) What causes this ignition? (ii) Write an equation to show how this ignition occurs 3. Element E has an atomic number of 5. In a sample of E there are two isotopes. One isotope has a mass number of 10 and the other isotope has a mass number of 11. a. Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, what is meant by the term isotopes. b. Element X has an atomic number of 18. c. State the electronic configuration of an atom of element X. 4. The electronic structures of five atoms, A, B, C, D and E, are shown. D Answer the following questions about these structures. Each structure may be used once, more than once or not at all. State which structure, A, B, C, D or E, represents: a. An atom of a metallic element. b. An atom with a proton number of 13. C. An atom of phosphorus. d. An atom with only two shells of electrons. e. An atom which forms a stable ion with a single negative charge.
All of the zinc reacts, increasing the solution's temperature from 22.5 °C to 23.7 °C.
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid?According to the balanced equation, zinc metal interacts with hydrochloric acid: ZnCl2(aq) + H2 Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ( g) In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 0.103 g of Zn(s) are mixed with 50.0 mL of HCl to create a solution. All of the zinc reacts, increasing the solution's temperature from 22.5 °C to 23.7 °C.Below copper in the electrochemical chain lies hydrogen. When zinc and diluted hydrochloric acid react, zinc releases hydrogen gas but copper does not.Zinc reacts with diluted HCl to produce hydrogen gas and zinc chloride.Zn+2HCl->ZnCl + HTo learn more about hydrochloric acid refer to:
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magnesium reacts with hcl to form hydrogen and magnesium chloride. write the balanced net ionic equation for this reaction.
The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid is Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g).
what is the reaction of magnesium with hcl defines and net ionic equation?In this equation, magnesium (Mg) is a solid which is reacting with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). The stoichiometry of the equation shows that one mole of magnesium reacts with two moles of hydrochloric acid to form one mole of magnesium chloride and one mole of hydrogen gas. The net ionic equation is the chemical equation that shows only the participating ions and the balanced equation, the spectator ions are omitted. In this case, the H+ and Cl- ions are spectator ions, which are not involved in the reaction, so they are not shown in the net ionic equation.
Anyone shouldn't take magnesium, right?Before using magnesium, anyone with mellitus, intestinal disease, heart disease, or renal disease should consult their doctor. Overdose. Anxiety, diarrhea, lower blood pressure, muscle pain, and exhaustion are symptoms of a magnesium overdose. Magnesium can be lethal in extremely high concentrations.
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Please can someone do this for me
a) C would be liquid at 5° C
b) B has the weakest intermolecular interaction
c) D has the smallest distance between its particles at 500°C
d) At -50°C, the particles of B would be moving about in the liquid state.
What is the melting point?We know that the melting point is the temperature at which the liquid can be obtained from the solid. In this case we have both the malting point and the boiling point which is the temperature at which the liquid can be converted to gas.
It should be recalled that the melting point and the boiling point of the liquid would give us the liquid range of the substance and gives an idea of the intermolecular forces in the compound.
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An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have?
a. 11 b. 12 c. 22 d. 44
The atomic mass of an element of a sodium isotope (Na) is 22. There are 11 neutrons in it.
What makes a neutron neutral?The neutron is neutrality, as you could have inferred from its name. It is neither drawn to nor drawn away from other objects because it carries no charge at all. With one exemption, every atom contains neutrons, which are fused with protons and some other neutrons to form the atomic nucleus.
Negative or positive neutrons exist?In comparison to positive ions, neutrons are slightly heavier and have an electric charge that is neither positive or negative. Neutrons that have left a nucleus are considered to be "free" neutrons. Both nuclear fusion and implosion processes result in the production of these free neutrons.
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container a holds 712 ml 712 ml of ideal gas at 2.10 bar2.10 bar . container b holds 134 ml 134 ml of ideal gas at 4.80 bar4.80 bar . if the gases are allowed to mix together, what is the partial pressure of each gas in the total volume?
The saturation pressure of every gas in the entire volume, if somehow the gases being allowed to mix, is 2.5 atm.
Describe gases.In comparison to other forms of matter, like solids and liquids, vapors have a lower density. Particles have a great deal of kinetic energy yet aren't very attracted to one another, thus there is a lot of unoccupied space between them. A sampling of matter that assumes the shape of the bottle it is stored in and develops a consistent density on the inside of the container is referred to as a gas.
Pressure = 2.10 atm
Temperature = T K
Volume = 712 mL
= 0.712 L (1 mL = 0.001 L)
PV=nRT,
2.10 atm × 0.712 L = n × 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol × T K
n = 19.2232 / T moles
For Container B :
Pressure = 4.80 atm
Temperature = T
Volume = 134 mL
= 0.134 L (1 mL = 0.001 L)
= 4.80 atm × 0.134 L = n × 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol × 298 K
= n = 6.3435 / T moles
Total moles = 19.2132 / T moles + 6.3435 / T moles
= 25.5567 /T moles
Total Volume = 712 + 134 mL = 846 mL = 0.846 L
P × 0.846 L = 25.5567 /T × 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol × T
Total P = 2.5 atm
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what organization has established a set of chemical-protective ppe ensembles providing certain protection levels that are commonly used by fire and emergency service organizations?
First responders must have a minimal level of protection against toxic vapours, liquids, and particles during hazardous materials situations, according to the NFPA Protective Ensemble Classes.
What gas is the most toxic vapour?
The most prevalent hazardous gas is odourless, colourless carbon monoxide. It mixes quickly and is easily inhaled because of its comparable density to air. It is a well-known "silent killer" in residential settings. Carbon monoxide is likely to be produced by any process that results in the incomplete burning of carbon fuel.
What is the earth's most toxic vapour?
N2 is the most deadly of all damaging, risky, and toxic gases because it is composed of nitrogen. It is widely distributed in the atmosphere because it is the element that humans breathe in most frequently. There are gases called nitric oxide & nitrogen dioxide in a lot of industrial and home situations.
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when diethyl ether and water are mixed, roughtly 10% of the water will be found in the ether layer. why woudl this be a problem
This could be a problem if you are trying to separate the two layers in a separatory funnel. Since diethyl ether and water are immiscible, they will form two separate layers with the ether layer on top and the water layer on the bottom.
What is diethyl ether?Diethyl ether is a clear, colourless, extremely flammable liquid with such a low boiling point as well as a distinctive odour. It is also known as ether & ethoxyethane. It belongs to the large group of compounds known as ethers, which are molecules composed of two hydrocarbon chains linked by an oxygen atom.
However, the presence of water in the ether layer will disrupt this separation, as the two layers may not be easily distinguished. This could lead to incorrect results in experiments that require the separation of the two layers.
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question unless otherwise instructed, you may use the periodic table in the chemistry: problems and solutions book for this question. which element is only made in the laboratory? responses neodymium neodymium thorium thorium cerium cerium fermium
d. Fermium is the element only made in the laboratory based on periodic table.
Why is it that some elements can only be created in a lab?Since they cannot exist in nature like the majority of elements, some elements must be created in a laboratory. To make these elements decay or combine two distinct nuclei, specialized equipment and circumstances are sometimes needed. Up to about Atomic Number 83, the majority of elements are present in nature.
What is the first element created by humans?Since technetium was the first element created by humans, its name is derived from the Greek for artificial. However, despite its name, technetium is actually present in nature, albeit in extremely small amounts.
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question unless otherwise instructed, you may use the periodic table in the chemistry: problems and solutions book for this question. which element is only made in the laboratory?
a)neodymium
b)thorium
c) cerium
d)fermium
What mass of NH4NO3 (mw=80.04g/mo) should be used to make 2.50 mL of 6.5 mM NH4NO3?
Answer:
Explanation:
Molarity = 6.5 x 10^(-3)
mass x 2.50/80.04 x 1000 = 6.5x 10^(-3)
mass = 6.5x 10^(-3) x 80.04 x 1000/2.50
mass = 208.104 grams
Total US farmland occupies 954 million acres and the total US land area is 3.537 million square miles. If there are 640 acres per square mile, what percentage of US land is farmland?
According to the cited statistic, 42.1 percent of US land is used for farming.
Who in India is a landowner?According to article 246 of something like the Constitution, state legislatures in India are responsible for managing agricultural land. Due to its presence on the State List, land rights and title are a state decision.
954 million acres of agriculture in the US.
the 3.537 million sq miles of US territory.
40 acres make up 1 square mile.
3.537 million sq miles of land, multiplied by 640 acres per square mile.
2263,68,000,000 acres.
Farmland percentage is equal to 954/2263.68*100.
Farmland as a percentage is 42.1%.
Farmland percentage equals 0.042% if there are 3.537 million sq miles of land.
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A cylinder with a moveable piston
contains 4.78 L of a gas at
417 mm Hg and 497 K. The
pressure increases to 576 mm Hg
and temperature decreases to
386 K. What is the new volume of
the cylinder?
Answer:
2.688 L
Explanation:
Here we use the formula:
(P1 x V1)/T1 = (P2 x V2)/T2
where;
P1 = 417 mm of Hg
P2 = 576 mm of Hg
V1 = 4.78 L
V2 = X L
T1 = 497 K
T2 = 386 K
substituting the values in the formula:
(417 x 4.78)/497 = (576 x X)/386
1993.26/497 = 576X/386
(4.01058 x 386)/576 = X
2.688 L = X
The new volume of the cylinder when pressure increases to 576 mm Hg
and temperature decreases to 386 K is 2.688 liters.
What is pressure?Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.
There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .
It is a scalar quantity which is related to the vector area element with a normal force acting on it.It is distributed over solid boundaries and across arbitary sections of fluid normal to the boundaries at every point.
Here we use the formula:
(P₁x V₁)/T₁ = (P₂ x V₂)/T₂
where;P₁ = 417 mm of Hg,P₂ = 576 mm of Hg,V₁= 4.78 L,V₂= X L,T₁ = 497 K,T₂ = 386 K
substituting the values in the formula:
(417 x 4.78)/497 = (576 x X)/386
1993.26/497 = 576 X/386
(4.01058 x 386)/576 = X
2.688 L = X
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The light and dark circles in the picture represent different types of atoms. Which picture best represents a pure compound?
The third image is a pure compound since it only contains one kind of atom combination. (C)
A pure compound is one that has two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio. Chemical techniques can split these compounds into independent or straightforward constituents. A pure compound is created when elements are linked together by chemical bonds. substances that are as pure as water, crystals, and baking soda.
Oxygen and hydrogen combined in a fixed ratio to form the compound water. A pure substance has a single type of constant-composition atom or molecule. The first image depicts a pure material, while the second and fourth images show mixed compounds. Consequently, the third image depicts a pure compound.
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Rank substituents in order of their priority when assigning the E or Z label to an alkene. highest priority~lowest priority NH2, CH3, Br, CH2CH2I, H.
When giving an alkene the E or Z label, the following substitutes are listed in order of importance:
NH₂
Br
CH₃
CH₂CH₂Cl
What is compound?A chemical compound is a substance that contains atoms from multiple chemical elements held together by chemical bonds. It is made up of numerous identical molecules. Therefore, a molecule made up of only one type of atom is not a compound. a substance created by joining two or more different elements chemically in science. Examples of compounds are table salt (NaCl), which is made from the elements sodium and chloride, and water (H2O), which is created from the elements hydrogen and oxygen. A substance made up of two or more components is called a compound. Table salt, water, and carbon dioxide are a few examples of compounds.
Here,
Substituents in order of their priority when assigning the E or Z label to an alkene:
NH₂
Br
CH₃
CH₂CH₂Cl
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Rank from highest to lowest boiling point: To rank items as equivalent; overlap them: View Available Hint(s) Reset Help 2,2-dimethylpropane; C,H12 parafiin, C36H7a ethane, CzH6 heptadecane, C17 H36 pentane, C,H12 Highest BP Lowest BP
Ranking from highest to lowest boiling point are as Highest BP: C36H78, 2nd highest: C17H36, 3rd highest: C5H12, Lowest BP: C2H6, 2nd lowest: C5H12.
Here is the series, heptadecane, C17 H36 > paraffin, C36H74 > 2,2-dimethylpropane; C,H12 > ethane, C2H6 > pentane, C5H12
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure surrounding it, causing it to change from a liquid to a gas. Different substances have different boiling points, which can be affected by factors such as pressure and impurities. The boiling point of water, for example, is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at sea level, while other substances such as helium and hydrogen have much lower boiling points.
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suppose that a new temperature scale has been devised on which the melting point of ethanol (-117.3oc) and the boiling point of ethanol (78.3oc) are taken as 0os and 100os, respectively, where s is the symbol for the new temperature scale. derive an equation relating a reading on this scale to a reading on the celsius scale. what would this thermometer read at 25oc?
The thermometer would read 40.5°S at 25°C based on new temperature scale.
How to derive the equation for new temperature scale?An equation relating a reading on the new temperature scale (s) to a reading on the Celsius scale can be derived using the two known points of ethanol's melting and boiling points. The freezing point of ethanol is -117.3oc and the boiling point is 78.3oc. So, the equation can be expressed as follows:
S = (100/195.6)*(C + 117.3);
Where S = reading on the new temperature scale;
C => reading on the Celsius scale.
s = (100/195.6)*(25 + 117.3) = 40.5
Therefore, this thermometer would read 40.5°S at 25°C.
It's important to note that this is a hypothetical temperature scale, and it only applies to the freezing and boiling points of ethanol. It doesn't have any practical use and it's not a standard temperature scale like Celsius or Fahrenheit. Also, the freezing and boiling points of ethanol are not constant, they depend on the pressure and the purity of the ethanol.
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what is the purpose of testing the conductivity (if specified by dialysis machine manufacturer) and ph of the final dialysate composition with an independent meter? davita
Chloride ions, IS 1.21 1022 8.28 1021 ions of chloride Chloride ions, 2.48 1022 4.02 1023 and 5.79 1024 chloride ions, respectively.
What kinds of ions contain chloride?Halogen picks one electron to become an anion (negatively charged ion), Cl, which creates the chloride ion. The hydrochloric acid HCl salts, commonly known as chlorides, are composed of chloride ions. Sea salt, which itself is sodium chloride and has the chemical formula NaCl, serves as an illustration.
The effects of chloride ions on the bodyNearly two thirds of all the anions in the extravascular space are chloride ions. They are required for the maintenance of the brain's osmolality, water content, and acid-base balance. The production of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the stomachs also requires chloride.
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which factors influence reaction rate? the more exothermic a reaction is, the faster the reaction rate.
The rate of a chemical reaction is influenced by many different factors, including reactant concentration, surface area, temperature, and catalysts.
Between exothermic or endothermic, exothermic reactions are said to be faster. This is primarily because in the exothermic process the reactions occur instantly or spontaneously. Here, no energy input is required to overcome any significant energy barriers..
About Chemical reactionChemical reactions are an integral part of technology, culture and human life. Smelting iron, making glass, brewing tea and making cheese are just a few examples of activities that combine chemical reactions that have been used for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are numerous in the earth, atmosphere and oceans.
Chemical reactions or chemical changes are all around us, from the metabolism of food in the body to how sunlight can be absorbed by the human body. There are two types of changes namely chemical changes and physical changes.
An example is a burning candle. Over time, the intact wax will turn into paraffin. The burning of a candle is a chemical reaction or chemical change, while the change of wax into paraffin is called a physical change.
Chemical reactions must be distinguished from physical changes. Physical changes include changes in state such as ice cubes melting into water, water evaporating into steam. If a physical change occurs, the physical properties of a substance will change but the chemical identity will remain the same.
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