The use of the continuity equation is justified by the following assumptions:
The mass flow rate is constant.The fluid is incompressible.A continuity equation, also known as a transport equation, is an equation that explains the transfer of a substance. It is especially easy and effective when used to a conserved amount, but it may be extended to apply to any vast quantity. Because mass, energy, momentum, electric charge, as well as other natural quantities remain conserved under their respective proper circumstances, a wide range of physical processes may be explained using continuity equations.
Continuity equations represent a more powerful, localised variant of conservation rules. For example, a weakened form of the law of conservation of energy asserts that energy cannot be generated or destroyed, implying that the total quantity of energy in the cosmos is fixed. This statement does not exclude the possibility of an amount of energy disappearing from one spot while arriving at another.
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if a molecule with an empirical formula of ch has a molar mass of 39, what is the molecular formula?
The molecular formula would be [tex]C_{3} H_{3}[/tex]. An empirical formula is a compound's chemical formula that only specifies the ratios of the elements it contains and not the precise number or arrangement of atoms.
Empirical formulas reveal the simplest or most reduced ratio of components in a compound, while chemical formulas reveal how many atoms of each element are present in a complex. The empirical formula and the chemical formula of a substance are identical if the chemical formula can no longer be lowered.
Formula for a molecule: (Empirical formula)* n
Thus, a whole number multiple of the empirical formula mass must be the molecular mass.
Here, 39 = 3* (12+1) is evident.
so Molecular Formula = [tex]C_{3} H_{3}[/tex]
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which pair of compounds has the same empirical formula? c2h6 and ch ch3 and c2h6 c3h8 and c3h c2h2 and c2h
In the given question, a pair of compounds that has same empirical formula is [tex]\rm CH_3\ and\ C_2H_6[/tex]. Option a is the correct choice.
The term "compound" refers to two or more elements joined together such that the elements have lost their individual identity in favor of a new set of properties.
For [tex]\rm C_2H_6[/tex], the empirical formula can be calculated as follows:
- Divide the molar mass of each element by its atomic weight to get the number of moles of each element:
[tex]\rm C =\dfrac{ 2 }{ 12} = 0.167[/tex]
[tex]\rm H =\dfrac{ 6 }{1 }= 6.[/tex]
- Divide each number of moles by the smallest number of moles to get the simplest whole-number ratio:
[tex]\rm C = \dfrac{0.167 }{0.167}= 1[/tex]
[tex]\rm H = \dfrac{6 }{0.167} = 36[/tex]
- The empirical formula for [tex]\rm C_2H_6[/tex] is [tex]\rm CH_3[/tex].
For [tex]\rm CH_3[/tex], the empirical formula is also [tex]\rm CH_3[/tex].
Therefore, pair of compounds that have the same empirical formula is option a.[tex]\rm CH_3\ and\ C_2H_6[/tex], since both have the empirical formula of [tex]\rm CH_3[/tex].
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if you have started with a 1.77g of methyl salicylate, what is the theoretical yield of salicylic acid according to the balanced overall equation given in the lab manual, assuming methyl salicylate is the limiting reagent?
The theoretical yield of salicylic acid according to the balanced overall equation is found to be 1.6g.
Which yield is considered theoretical?The maximum mass of a product that can be produced in a chemical process is known as the theoretical yield. The balanced chemical equation can be used to calculate it. the limiting reactant's mass and relative formula mass. The percent yield is 100% if the theoretical and actual yields are equal. Because the real yield is frequently lower than the theoretical value, percent yield is typically lower than 100%.
Molar mass methyl salicylate = 152 g/mole
moles methyl salicylate present = 1.77 x 1/152= 0.0116 moles
Theoretical yield of salicylic acid = 0.0116 x 138g/mol = 1.6g of salicylic acid
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What maximum amount of ammonia in grams can be synthesized from 25.2 g
of N2
and 8.42 g
of H2
?
The maximum amount of ammonia in grams can be synthesized from 25.2 g of N230.7 g NH₃.
What ammonia is used for?How is ammonia used? About 80% of the ammonia produced by industry is used in agriculture as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals.
What is ammonia smell like?Ammonia (NH3) is a colorless gas that is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen. It has a strong odor that smells like urine or sweat. Ammonia occurs naturally in water, soil, and the air, and is also found naturally in plants, animals, and the human body.
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Select the most acidic solution from these options.
Select the most basic (alkaline) solution from these options.
Select the least acidic solution from these options.
solution B, pH = 1
solution C, pH = 13
solution A, pOH = 1
Solution C is the one that has the highest acidity. Solution B has been the most basic, whereas Solution A has been the least acidic.
The given solutions in the compound has been:
Solution A = pOH = 1.5
Solution B = pOH = 7
Solution C = pOH = 13.5
The pH can be defined as the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. The pH can be given as:
pH = 14 - pOH
pH of solution A has been:
pH = 14 - 1.5
pH = 12.5
The solution has thus been basic.
pH of solution B has been:
pH = 14 - 7
pH = 7.
The solution has been neutral.
pH of solution C has been:
pH = 14 - 13.5
pH = 0.5
The solution has been highly acidic.
Solution C has proven to be the most acidic. The least acidic solution has been solution A since it is more basic and so less acidic, while solution B has been the most basic.
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2. a solution has a ph 9.2. a. is this solution acidic, basic, or neutral? b. what is the concentration of the hydronium ion, [h3o ]?
The concentration of the hydronium ion, [H3O+], is low and is equal to 10^-9.2.
What is concentration?Concentration is the ability to focus one's attention on a particular task or thought without being distracted by other things. It is the act of deliberately focusing on one thing at a time and is essential for many tasks such as studying, problem-solving, and decision-making. Concentration requires practice and can be developed by engaging in activities such as mindfulness, breathing exercises, and other relaxation techniques.
a. This solution is basic.
b. The concentration of the hydronium ion, [H3O+], is low and is equal to 10^-9.2. This is because the pH of a solution is equal to -log[H3O+]. Therefore, a pH of 9.2 indicates that the [H3O+] is equal to 10^-9.2.
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Draw the product formed when the compound shown below undergoes a reaction with Br2 in CH2Cl2
The overall equation for this reaction is: 2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylpentane + Br2 → 2-Bromo-3,3-dimethylpentane.
What is reaction?A reaction is a type of response that occurs when two or more substances interact with each other.
The compound shown below is 2-chloro-3,3-dimethylpentane.
When 2-chloro-3,3-dimethylpentane reacts with Br2 in CH2Cl2, a substitution reaction takes place. The chlorine atom on the carbon atom of the compound is replaced with a bromine atom, and the product formed is 2-bromo-3,3-dimethylpentane. The mechanism of this reaction is shown below.
Step 1: Br2 attacks the carbon atom of the alkane and breaks the C-Cl bond.
Step 2: A bromonium ion is formed which leaves the bromine atom on the carbon atom of the alkane.
Step 3: The bromonium ion is attacked by another molecule of Br2 and a new C-Br bond is formed.
The overall equation for this reaction is: 2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylpentane + Br2 → 2-Bromo-3,3-dimethylpentane
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consider the reversible reaction: c2o2(g) <------> 2co(g) at equilibrium, the concentration of c2o2 is 1.50 m and that of co is 1.10 m. what is the value of the equilibrium constant, keq?
The value of the equilibrium constant, keq is calculates as 0.807.
What is meant by reversible reaction?Reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously is called reversible reaction. One example of reversible reaction is : reaction of hydrogen gas and iodine vapor to form hydrogen iodide.
Reversible reactions reaches an equilibrium point where the concentrations of reactants and products will no longer change. In reversible reaction, both forward and reverse directions of reaction occurs at the same time.
Given, c2o2(g) <------> 2co(g) ; concentration of c2o2 is 1.50 m and
concentration of co is 1.10 m.
As, Keq= K(CO)²/K( C₂O₂)
= 1.1²/1.5
Keq =0.807.
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Scientists learn about the properties of some particles from the collisions that occur inside a __________.
Answer:
Scientists learn about the properties of some particles from the collisions that occur inside a particle accelerator.
Explanation:
Answer:
Increases by 10% to £18.15 work out original cost
how to use average bond energies and standard enthalpy of formation to find standard enthalpy of formation
The standard enthalpy of formation can be ΔH fo[A] = 433 KJ/mol.
This equation essentially states that the standard enthalpy change of formation is equal to the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products minus the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants. and the standard enthalpy of formation values: ΔH fo[A] = 433 KJ/mol. Enthalpy of formation is the enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mol of a compound from its component elements, such as the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen. The formation of any chemical can be as a reaction from the corresponding elements:
elements→compound
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Given the concentration gradient established by the Na^ start superscript, plus, end superscript/K^ starr superscript, plus, end superscript ATPase, which of the following movements can occur
Start superscript, plus, and finish superscript moments can occur in the concentration gradient that the sodium creates. The atomic number of sodium is 11 and its symbol is Na.
Which comes from the Latin word natrium. It is a highly reactive, silvery-white, pliable metal. Sodium is an alkali metal in group 1 of the periodic chart. Its only stable isotope is Na. The free metal cannot be found in nature, so it must be prepared from compounds. The sixth most common element in the Earth's crust, sodium, is found in many minerals, including feldspars, sodalite, and halite (NaCl). Uses, Chemical Composition, and Physical Properties of Sodium Sodium is an atomic number 11 chemical element with the symbol Na.
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For the atoms that do not follow the octet rule state how many electrons surround these atoms.Express your answers as integers separated by commas.NNO, NBF3, NICl2?, NOPBr3, NXeF4 =
For the atoms that do not follow the octet rule state electrons surround these atoms are 2,6,4,4,8.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to have 8 electrons in their valence shell in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. However, some atoms deviate from this rule:
NNO: Nitrogen monoxide, also known as nitric oxide, has only 2 electrons in its outermost shell.
NBF3: Boron trifluoride has only 6 electrons in its outermost shell.
NICl2: Nitrogen dichloride has only 4 electrons in its outermost shell.
NOPBr3: Nitrogen tribromide has only 4 electrons in its outermost shell.
NXeF4: Xenon tetrafluoride has only 8 electrons in its outermost shell.So the answer would be 2, 6, 4, 4, 8 respectively.
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WILL GIVE BRAINILIST
4.0 mol Na reacts with 2.5 mol
F2 according to the equation below:
2Na+ F₂ → 2NaF
How many moles of NaF form
from 4.0 mol Na?
[?] mol NaF
Round your answer to the tenths place.
mol NaF
Enter
Moles of NaF form from 4.0 mol Na is
Firstly we have to find the limiting reagent for this
moles of Na = 4 moles/2 moles = 2 moles
moles of F2 = 2.5 moles/1 moles = 2.5 moles
In chemistry, the mole, also written mol, is a standard scientific unit for the calculation of large amounts of very small entities, such as atoms, molecules, or other objects
So, from here we can see that Na is the limiting reagent so product will be determined by this
2 moles of Na give 2 moles of NaF
1 moles will give 1 moles of NaF
4 mole will give 4 moles of NaF
Hence, Moles of NaF form from 4.0 mol Na is 4 moles
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Answer:
4 moles
Explanation:
What reagent (or compound) causes the observed visual change in a positive Lucas test? A. Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(ll) B. The alkyl halide product is insoluble in water C. The product hydrazone is insoluble. D. Ag() is reduced to Ag(0)
The alkyl halide product is insoluble in water causes the observed visual change in a positive Lucas test.
What is Lucas test?The Lucas test uses a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid to distinguish and classify primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. The Lucas reagent is the name given to this mixture in most cases. A positive Lucas test results in the observed visual change because the alkyl halide product is insoluble in water. Put a tiny amount of the sample you need to analyze in a test tube. Add 2 to 3 ml of Lucas reagent to the unknown sample. After thoroughly blending, allow the solution to sit. Note the amount of time spent and note whether there is turbidity (cloudiness) present or not.
Here,
A positive Lucas test results in the observed visual change because the alkyl halide product is insoluble in water.
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which term best describes the flow of electrons and protons from one place to another?(1 point) responses
The term best describes the flow of electrons and protons from one place to another is the electric current.
The electric current is describes as the flow of the electrons from the one place to the another place. The flow of the electrons in the wire or in the solution. The electricity defined the direction of the flow of the electrons. The direction of the movement of the electrons between the atoms is called as the electric current.
The unit of the electric current is the ampere. There are the two kinds of the electric current is direct current and the alternating current.
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Arrange these complexes in order of octahedral splitting energy. Please explain your answer.
1.) [Ru(CN)6]3- 2.) [Cr(CN)6]3- 3.) [Co(H2O)6]3+ 4.) [CrCl6]3- are the order of octahedral splitting energy.
What does it signify when energy is split?In the presence of ligands, the degenerate d-orbital splits into the levels eg and t2g. The presence of ligands is what causes this splitting. The energy difference between the two levels (eg and t2g) is known as the crystal-field splitting energy, or 0. This phenomenon is known as crystal-field splitting.
What factors affect the splitting of energy?The crystal field splitting energy (o), which is the difference between the energies in an octahedral complex, varies in size depending on the charge on the metal ion, where the metal is located in the periodic table, and the type of ligands used.
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the half-life of a reaction of compound a to give compounds d and e is 8.50 min when the initial concentration of a is 0.150 m. how long will it take for the concentration to drop to 0.0300 m if the reaction is (a) first order with respect to a or (b) second order with respect to a?
It will take 20.33 min in the first order for the concentration to drop to 0.0300 M and 11.8 min for the concentration to drop to 0.0300 M in the second order.
What is compound?A substance created by chemically joining two or more different elements. Examples of compounds are table salt (NaCl), which is made from the elements sodium and chloride, and water (H2O), which is created from the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
(a) First order with respect to A:
The half-life of a first-order reaction is constant and does not depend on the initial concentration of the reactant. Therefore, we can use the half-life formula:
t1/2 = 0.693/k, where k is the rate constant of the reaction.
We are given that the half-life of the reaction is 8.50 min when the initial concentration of A is 0.150 M.
Since we know the half-life of the reaction, we can find the rate constant, k = 0.693/8.50 = 0.081 min^-1
To find how long it takes for the concentration of A to drop to 0.0300 M, we can use the formula:
[A]t = [A]0 * e^(-kt)
where [A]t is the concentration of A at time t, [A]0 is the initial concentration of A, k is the rate constant, and t is the time in minutes.
Plugging in the given values and solving for t, we get:
t = (ln (0.0300/0.150)) / (-0.081) = 20.33 min
For (b) Second order with respect to A:
The half-life of a second-order reaction is dependent on the initial concentration of the reactant.
t1/2 = 1/(k[A]) = 8.50 min
By solving for k, we can find k = 1/(8.5*0.15) = 0.0118 min^-1M^-1
To find how long it takes for the concentration of A to drop to 0.0300 M, we can use the formula:
1/[A]t = 1/[A]0 + kt
Plugging in the given values and solving for t, we get:
t = (1/0.0300 - 1/0.150) / 0.0118 = 11.8 min
Therefore, if the reaction is first order with respect to A it will take 20.33 min for the concentration to drop to 0.0300 M, and if the reaction is second order with respect to A it will take 11.8 min for the concentration to drop to 0.0300 M.
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The correct answer for the addition of 7.5 g + 2.26 g + 1.311 g + 2 g is a. 13.1 g b. 13.0 g
c. 13.071 g
d. 13 g e. 10 g
The answer to the addition problem is Amphiprotic 13g. able to react as a base and an acid because it can both donate and take a proton.
When does amphoteric differ from amphiprotic?Amphoteric species are capable of acting as an acid and a base. Amphiprotic species may donate and receive protons, making them both a base and an acid in the Brnsted-Lowry equation.
How does something become amphiprotic?A substance is referred to as amphiprotic in chemistry & physical sciences if it has the ability to donate and absorb protons, acting accordingly as either a base or an acid (according to the Brnsted-Lowry theory for acids and bases, acids are proton donors & bases are proton acceptors).
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Calculate the heat of sublimation of PI3[PI3(s)→PI3(g)].
The standard heat of formation of PI3(s) is -24.7 kJ/mol and the PI bond energy in this molecule is 184 kJ/mol. The standard heat of formation of P(g) is 334 kJ/mol and that of I2(g) is 62 kJ/mol. The I2 bond energy is 151 kJ/mol.
The presented statement indicates that the heat of evaporation is 126.2 KJ/mol.
What kind of substance is utilised in sublimation?Common compounds that sublime easily include cardamom, camphor, dry ice, iodine, and the example below. In the scientific, sublimation is occasionally employed as a technique for the purification of solids, such as caffeine.
Direct solid-to-gas sublimation
PI3(s) ---> PI3 (g) is equation for sublimation
Heat of sublimation = dH of reaction = dH PI3 ( g) - PI3 (s)
Thus we nee to first find PI3( g) enthalphy of formation
The reaction is P (g) + ( 3/2) I2 ( g) ----> PI3 (g)
Enthaphy of reaction = Bond energies of bonds broken - bond energies of bonds formed
= 3/2 BE ( I-I) - 3 BE ( P-I) = ( 3/2) 151 - 3( 184) = -325.5 KJ
Now for reaction dH reaction = dH products - dH reactants
- 325.5 = dH ( PI3 g) - dH ( P) - 3/2 dH ( I2)
-325.5 = dH ( PI3 g) - 334 - ( 3/2) ( 62)
dH ( PI3 g) = 101.5 KJ /mol
Now heat of sublimation dH = dH ( PI3 g) - dH ( PI3 s) = 101.5 - ( -24.7) = 126.2 KJ/mol
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can both liquid and gas exist at point b of thecooling curve to the right? 9.which point represents condensation? 10.at what temperature does this substancefreeze? 11.which process requires more energy to bereleased, condensation or freezing? explain.
BC point in cooling curve represents condensation until the bubble temperature is reached at C.
How can the freezing point of a cooling curve be determined?Drawing two straight lines connecting the data points above and below the freezing point allows one to infer the solution's freezing point from the graph. The freezing point of the solution is the temperature that corresponds to the point where the two lines converge.
Why does freezing use less energy than condensation?The transition from a solid to a liquid requires much less energy than the reverse. This is a result of the significant particle separation in the gaseous state. The magnitude of the intermolecular forces influences the values of the temperatures of fusion and vaporisation.
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how much nacl should be added to 0.35 l of a 0.15 m solution of agno3 so that it reacts completely with the silver to form agcl(s)
3.08 g of NaCl should be added to 0.35 L of a 0.15 M solution of AgNO3 so that it reacts completely with the silver to form AgCl(s).
What is solution?Solution is a process or action that is used to resolve a problem or issue. Solutions can be found through brainstorming, analysis, research, trial and error, and experimentation.
To calculate how much NaCl should be added to a 0.35 L solution of 0.15 M AgNO3 to completely react with the silver to form AgCl(s), we need to use the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants. The reaction of AgNO3 and NaCl is:
AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl(s) + NaNO3
The ratio of AgNO3 to NaCl is 1:1, so we need to add an equal amount of moles of NaCl as AgNO3.
To calculate the moles of AgNO3, we need to use the following equation:
Moles = (Concentration)(Volume)
Moles of AgNO3 = (0.15 M)(0.35 L) = 0.0525 moles
Since we need an equal amount of moles of NaCl, we can calculate the amount of NaCl needed as:
NaCl = (0.0525 moles)(58.44 g/mol) = 3.08 g
Therefore, 3.08 g of NaCl should be added to 0.35 L of a 0.15 M solution of AgNO3 so that it reacts completely with the silver to form AgCl(s).
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When menthyl chloride is treated with a strong base, only one elimination product is observed. yet, when neomenthyl chloride is treated with a strong base, two elimination products are observed.
draw the expected products for the reaction between menthyl chloride and a strong base.
draw the expected products for the reaction between neomenthyl chloride and a strong base.
The reaction between menthyl chloride and a strong base results in a single elimination product, 2-methylpropene, and a chloride ion.
What is reaction?Reaction is the process of responding to an event, action, or stimulus. It can be physical, emotional, mental, or a combination of all three.
Menthyl Chloride + Strong Base -->
Product 1: 2-Methylpropene + Chloride Ion
The reaction between menthyl chloride and a strong base results in a single elimination product, 2-methylpropene, and a chloride ion. This occurs because menthyl chloride has an allylic hydrogen, which can be abstracted by the strong base. This results in the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which then undergoes an E2 elimination reaction to form the desired product, 2-methylpropene.
Neomenthyl Chloride + Strong Base -->
Product 1: 2-Methylpropene + Chloride Ion
Product 2: 3-Methylpropene + Chloride Ion
The reaction between neomenthyl chloride and a strong base results in two elimination products, 2-methylpropene and 3-methylpropene, and a chloride ion. This occurs because neomenthyl chloride has two allylic hydrogens, which can be abstracted by the strong base. This results in the formation of two carbocation intermediates, which then undergo E2 elimination reactions to form the desired products, 2-methylpropene and 3-methylpropene.
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you are browsing through the handbook of hypothetical chemistry when you come across a solid that is reported to have a ksp value of zero in water at 258c. what does this mean?
This shows water cannot pass through the substance because it is so saturated. Consult an imaginary chemistry guidebook when you come across a solid whose ksp value in water at 258°C is to be zero.
In chemistry, a solution may reach a state of saturation after being examined for solutions and solution characteristics. The solution is in this stage when there isn't any more room for the solute to be added. Any chemical substance that has been postulated but has not yet been found, isolated, or manufactured is considered to be hypothetical (identified or shown to exist). Some hypothetical compounds cannot form at all. This shows how water cannot pass through the substance because it is so impenetrable.
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suppose naoh is added to the following system when it is at equilibrium. nh3(aq) h2o(l) nh4 (aq) oh- (aq) a. in which direction will the reaction shift after the naoh is added? b. will this stress increase or decrease the value of the reaction quotient, q? justify your answer. c. will the rate of the forward reaction exceed the rate of the reverse reaction before equilibrium is re-established? justify your answer. d. when equilibrium is re-established will the rate of the forward reaction exceed the rate of the reverse reaction? justify your answer.
It will raise the concentration of OH- (aq), which will cause equilibrium to move in the other direction, causing the concentration of OH- (aq) to fall in order to restore balance.
Describe equilibrium and provide a sample :The Latin term libra, which signifies weight or balance, is where the word equilibrium first appeared. Equilibrium can be visualized as an interesting story that is currently in rest. a vehicle that is going steadily. a chemical process where both the forward and backward rates of reaction are equal.
[tex]NH3(aq) + H2O (l) < === > NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)[/tex]
NaOH is added to system [tex]: NaOH (aq) === > Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)[/tex]
(i) It will raise the concentration of OH- (aq), causing equilibrium to shift in a way that lowers the conc of OH- (aq) to attain equilibrium again: thus equilibrium will shift towards reactants (Left) .
(ii) Q[tex]= [OH-] [NH4+]/ [NH3] [H2O][/tex]
with increase in concentration of OH- (aq) (stress) ,value of Q will increase, since OH- appear in numerator .
(iii) Before equilibrium is re-established, rate of reverse reaction will exceed forward reaction, not vice-versa. As conc. of OH-(aq)decreases in towards reactants.
(iv) When equilibrium is re-established, rate of reverse reaction will be equal to rate of forward reaction, to maintain equilibrium.
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why can moles of reactantws or products be used rather than their concentrations in the equilibirum constant expression
The equilibrium constants remain unchanged while the concentration changes. The equilibrium constants are unaffected by changes in the concentrations of the substances in the equilibrium. Only a change in temperature may modify an equilibrium constant. The equilibrium point will alter if the amount of one component in the mixture varies.
Le Chatelier's Principle states that the point of equilibrium shifts in a way that tends to reverse the change you have made. Assume that four substances—A, B, C, and D—have reached equilibrium.
A+2B⇌C+D
Le Chatelier's Principle states that if you lower the concentration of C, for instance, the equilibrium position will shift to the right to raise the concentration once more.
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1). For which structure(s) does the electron-bearing carbon atom have a formal charge of zero?methylene onlyethyl only bothneither
The electron-bearing carbon atom in both methylene (-CH2-) and ethyl (-C2H5) structures has a formal charge of zero.
The formal charge is a method used to predict the electron distribution in atoms of a molecule, which can be calculated by subtracting the number of valence electrons of the free atom from the number of electrons assigned to the atom in the Lewis structure.In the case of methylene, which is a fragment of a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula -CH2- has 2 valence electrons, it shares one electron with each of the two hydrogen atoms, so the carbon atom has a formal charge of zero. In the case of ethyl, which is a fragment of a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula -C2H5, it has 5 valence electrons, it shares one electron with each of the five hydrogen atoms, so the carbon atom has a formal charge of zero.The electron-bearing carbon atoms in both methylene and ethyl have a formal charge of zero because they have a complete octet of valence electrons, which indicates a stable electronic configuration.
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6. Which of the following is not an indication that a chemical reaction has occurred?
(a) formation of liquid droplets above the solution
(b) the solution color changing from clear to yellow
(c) the solution color changing from brown to clear
(d) formation of a silvery metallic foil on the walls of the flask dients
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer: (a) Formation of liquid droplets above the solution is not an indication that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?
A) freezing Fe(l) into Fe(s)
B) evaporation of liquid ethanol into gaseous ethanol
C) dissolution of LiOH(s) in water
D) melting ice to form water
E) mixing of two gases into one container
I know the answer is A but I need a detailed answer as to why that is the answer
The answer is A produces a decrease in the entropy of the system
A) we know that entropy is the measure of randomness. if randomness increases entropy also increases.
entropy order of substances : solid < liquid < gas
here conversion of liquid to solid means randomness decreases . so that entropy decreases
B) [tex]liquid \rightarrow gas\: conversion[/tex] . so entropy is increases
C) dissolution of LiOH. that means LiOH molecules distributed more randomly in the solution so more disorder and more entropy
D) ice melting means : solid to liquid so entropy also increases
E) gas mixing means more disturbed in the gases more disturb will leads to more randomness and more entropy
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If a symbol in a chemical formula does not have a subscript after it, a unit of that compound contains (0 items, 1 atom) of that element.
A unit of that compound comprises one atom of that element if the symbol for that element in the chemical formula does not have a subscript after it.
A chemical formula is a phrase that lists all of the constituent parts of a compound together with their interrelated ratios. There is no need for a subscript if there is just one atom of a certain kind. A subscript is counted to the symbol for an atom if it includes two or more of a certain type of atom.
An element has one atom present when its symbol is authored without a subscript following it. There are two atoms of that element present if the number 2 is depicted. Subscripts are important. When the subscript is changed, the content is also altered.
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Draw the structure of the product of the reaction between the compound shown below and H2SO4 CH3SCH3 . You do not have to consider stereochemistry. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. If the reaction involves proton transfer, draw the products in separate sketchers. If the reaction is a Lewis acid-base reaction, draw the product in one sketcher only
Thioether (CH3SCH3) acts as Lewis base and BF3 acts as Lewis acid.
Which definition of an acid is the best?Any hydrogen-containing material that has the ability to donate a proton (hydrogen ion) to another chemical is considered an acid. A base is a molecule or ion that can take up an acid's hydrogen ion. Typically, sour tastes help to identify acidic chemicals.
Why do people have acids in their bodies?Acidity happens when the kidneys are unable to eliminate an excess of acid produced by the gastric glands in the stomach. It frequently occurs with indigestion, reflux, and heartburn. Acidity is typically brought on by eating too spicy food, drinking coffee, eating too much, and eating a low-fiber diet.
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