Kinase and cyclin make up MPF. It permits the cell to pass from the G2 to the M stage. MPF deactivates as a cell enters anaphase.
The breakdown of the kinase activity is what results in the decrease in MPF activity towards the conclusion of mitosis (Cdk). The consists of five phases complicated (Associated protein), a binding protein that starts the destruction of M cyclins in anaphase, is activated by MPF, which not only drives the events of Metaphase 1 but also sets off its own demise. Cdk (cyclin kinase, which adds phosphorus to a protein) and cyclins are two key cell cycle regulatory molecules that direct the cell to transition from G1 into S and G2 to M. The MPF (Ripening Promoting Factor) that starts the cell cycle moving forward contains cyclins and CdK. The MPF would remain active if the cyclin was not degraded. Consequently, the cell would experience constant pressure to migrate.
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All of the following are examples of how tumors or the microenvironment in which they develop suppress immune responses except.a. induction of T- cell anergyb. peptide splicing of self-proteinsc. cleavage of MIC glycoproteins from tumor-cell surfacesd. TGF- beta-induced recruitment of regulatory T cellse. release of TGF-P and IL-10 by regulatory T cells
Examples of how tumors or the milieu in which they originate inhibit immune responses include peptide splicing of self proteins.
MHC molecules present tumor rejection antigens, which are peptides of tumor-cell proteins, to T lymphocytes. Because these peptides are not present on the surface of normal cells, at least not in quantities that allow T cells to recognize them, they can serve as targets for a tumor-specific T-cell response. There are six distinct groups of tumor rejection antigens. The antigens in the first group are only specific to tumors. These antigens are the product of gene rearrangements or point mutations, which frequently occur as a result of the oncogenesis process.
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which of the following statements is true? the leading strand is replicated continuously for the entire length of the chromosome, e.g. while the lagging strand has multiple origins of replication.
none of the answers are true. while the lagging strand has multiple origins of replication.
In contrast to the lagging strand, which is read in the replication fork's direction, the leading strand is read in the replication fork's direction in the range of 3' to 5'.Is the leading strand continually replicated?
A lagging strand duplicates intermittently, creating brief pieces, whereas a leading strand repeats continuously. This is the main distinction between the two types of strands.One new strand (the leading strand) is created during DNA replication in one continuous piece. Small fragments make up the other (lagging strand). DNA primase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase are additional enzymes necessary for DNA replication in addition to DNA polymerase.
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drag the probabilities on the left to the blanks on the right to answer the questions. terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
the degree to which something is likely; the probability that something will occur or will be the case.
1. What is the likelihood that a randomly selected F2 seed would be yellow? 3/4
2. What is the likelihood that an F2 seed randomly selected from the yellow seeds would produce genuine offspring when selfed? 1/3
3. What is the likelihood that a random selection of three F2 seeds would contain at least one yellow seed? 63/64
4. What is the likelihood that a random selection of three F2 seeds will contain one green and two yellow seeds? 27/64
A group of persons born as a result of inbreeding and interbreeding among family members is known as a second filial generation, or F2 generation.
The first filial generation refers to the offspring of a genetically different pair of individuals. For instance, Tt people are produced in F1.
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Lesson 13 Review Questions Directions: Answer each of the following questions. 1. List five traits that are shared by all mammals, including the two traits that are used to define the mammal class. 2. Describe how mammals stay warm. 3. What is the function of sweating? 4. What are alveoli? What is their function? 5. What are the functions of the uterus and vagina in therian mammals? 6. What is the placenta? What is its role? 7. Where does a marsupial embryo develop? How is it nourished? 8. Describe eggs and egg laying in monotremes. 9. How does lactation differ in monotremes and therian mammals? 10. What were the synapsids? When were they most widespread? 11. Identify the therapsids. How were they related to mammals? 12. Outline the evolution of monotreme, marsupial, and placental mammals.
They are one of the three groups of living mammals, along with placentals and marsupials..
What human trait is shared by all mammals?All mammals (including humans) have the same distinctive features. These include: fur or hair growing from the skin. mammary glands that, in females, produce milk for feeding the young.Mammals conserve body heat with their hair or fur. It traps a layer of warm air next to the skin.Mammals and birds produce their own body heat and control their body temperatures. This process is known as endothermy, or warm-bloodedness, and it may be one of the reasons why mammals tend to dominate almost every global ecosystem.Its main function is to control body temperature. As the water in the sweat evaporates, the surface of the skin cools. An additional function of sweat is to help with gripping, by slightly moistening the palms.Muscular contractions of the uterus push the offspring out during birth. The vagina is a tubular passageway through which the embryo or fetus leaves the mother's body.Marsupials give birth to a tiny, immature embryo. The embryo then continues to grow and develop in a pouch on the mother's belly. Marsupial development is less risky for the mother. However, the embryo is fragile, so it may be less likely to survive than the fetus of a placental mammal.To learn more about mammals refer to:
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What are the reactants involved in cellular respiration?; Is sugar a reactant or product in cellular respiration?; Where is sugar used in cellular respiration?; Is glucose the only sugar used in cellular respiration?
a). Oxygen and glucose are the two reactants necessary for cellular respiration. b). When cells respire, glucose (sugar) and other reactants are used. c). It is employed in the initial phase of cellular respiration. d). None of the others are used.
a). In the process of cellular respiration, both oxygen and glucose are reactants. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products of cellular respiration, with ATP serving as its primary product.
b). The process that transforms chemical energy is known as cellular respiration, and the reactants and products involved include oxygen, glucose (sugar), carbon dioxide, and water. The reactants, glucose (sugar) and oxygen, mix during cellular respiration to create new products, carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules. In order to provide energy for other cellular functions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is created.
c). As the primary substrate processed during glycolysis, glucose is utilized at the very first stage of cellular respiration. Pyruvate is generated once glucose is broken down into it, and then the pyruvate molecules are changed into acetyl CoA.
d). Glucose is, in fact, the main chemical used in cellular respiration. However, additional molecules can also be used in cellular respiration to generate energy, including: Lactic acid, which the liver can convert into glucose and then use in the process known as glycolysis to generate energy.
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Correct Question:
a. What are the reactants involved in cellular respiration?;
b. Is sugar a reactant or product in cellular respiration?;
c. Where is sugar used in cellular respiration?;
d. Is glucose the only sugar used in cellular respiration?
What is the structure for gas exchange in multicellular organisms?; Which type of transport is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lung?; Which organ system is responsible for gas exchange with the environment?; Which cellular structure performs the same task for a cell?
The alveoli, which are found at the terminal areas of the lung and are connected to the respiratory bronchioles, are the locations of gas exchanged in Multicellular organism. The lung's acinus is the area where gas exchange takes place. The alveoli's surface area is increased by their sac-like form.
Multicellular organisms can develop in a variety of ways, such as by cell division or the accumulation of several single cells. Many identical individuals coming together to form a colony results in colonial organisms. Colonizing protists have been referred to as "pluricellular" rather than "multicellular," although there are also multinucleate but technically unicellular macroscopic species like the xenophyophore that can be difficult to distinguish from true multicellular organisms.
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a variety of additives are used in blood collection tubes. which of the following additives prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin and thromboplastin?
The following additives work to stop clotting by blocking thrombin and thromboplastin, such as lithium or sodium heparin.
What is the role of thromboplastin?Prothrombin is converted to thrombin during blood coagulation by the complex enzyme thromboplastin, which is present in blood platelets, the brain, the lung, and other organs.
What causes high thromboplastin time?An unusual (too long) PTT results could also be the consequence of: An issue with the brain's blood clotting process is seen in a number of illnesses known as bleeding disorders. Disorder of the liver that causes excessive activity of the blood clotting proteins (disseminated intravascular coagulation).
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Label the structures and lobes of the human brain by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.
The three main parts of the brain are the cerebellum, cerebrum, and brainstem. The cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain, is made up of the left and right hemispheres. It performs higher order cognitive functions including speaking, feeling, thinking, and learning.
Anatomically, the precentral gyrus houses the primary motor cortex, which controls free will movement. The temporal lobe, which is found behind the ears, is the second-largest lobe. The internal occipital lobe is separated from the parietal and internal temporal lobes by the parieto-occipital sulcus, a very deep sulcus that runs through the posterior region of the hemisphere.
The insula plays a crucial role in the processing of gustatory and sensorimotor information, risk-reward behavior, autonomic nervous system function, pain pathways, and auditory and vestibular functions.
The main somatosensory cortex, a prominent brain area in charge of proprioception, is located in the postcentral gyrus. On the lateral and medial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, the central sulcus serves as the dividing line between the frontal and parietal lobes.
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you are studying the inheritance of two characteristics in plants: red flowers (rr and rr), which are dominant to yellow flowers (rr), and green leaves (gg and gg), which are dominant to yellow leaves (gg). you cross a double heterozygous (rrgg) with a double recessive (rrgg), and expect to see a 1:1:1:1 ratio in the offspring. instead, you see these results: missing metadata which phenomenon would you hypothesize accounts for the pattern you see? question 1 options: respiration crossing-over cytokinesis independent assortment
Green leaves and prominent yellow blooms (rr) are crossing over.
Which of the following accurately describes a gene?From one parent to the next, the essential genetic component was passed on. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosomes in the cell nucleus.
What is the short definition of a dominant gene?A dominant gene, or dominant version of a gene, is a specific variant of a gene that expresses itself more strongly on its own than any other version of the gene that the person is carrying—in this case, the recessive—for a variety of reasons.
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is produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and enters the duodenum through the common bile duct. this substance aids in the emulsification of fats.
The bile duct causes bile, which is created by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, to pass into the duodenum. The emulsification of fats is facilitated by this chemical.
What usually causes gallbladder problems?Cholecystitis was typically brought on by gallstones blocking the gallbladder's escape canal. Bile accumulates as a result, which may result in discomfort. Additionally, bile duct issues, tumors, major illnesses, and specific infections are causes of cholecystitis.
When should gallbladder be removed?In the case of recurrent attacks, surgery is typically advised by doctors. If you have already experienced one gallstone pain attack, you might want to wait to see if you experience more. Our best defense against gallstone attacks is surgery.
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What are the next steps for someone who tests positive for an STI?; How do you take care of a STI?; What happens after STI testing?; What are 4 steps you can take to minimize your risk of contracting an STD?
The next step for someone who tests positive for a STI is to listen to your doctor. Antibiotics are used to treat a STI. You will be asked to return to the clinic to discuss your results and the necessary treatment if you test positive for a STI.
It's possible that minor symptoms are all an STD would ever produce. Take all of the medications that your healthcare professional (HCP) prescribes for you, even if you never experienced symptoms or start to feel better before the course of therapy is complete.
Infections known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are transferred through sexual contact. STIs are very prevalent and spread quickly. While some STIs are treatable and curable, others cannot. You may take action to protect your health by being informed. You will be asked to return to the clinic to discuss your results and the necessary treatment if you test positive for a STI. Antibiotics are effective in treating several STIs. Although there is no known cure for some viruses, including HIV, there are therapies available.
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Mutations in DNA are usually caused by chemical or radiation damage to DNA molecules, followed by imperfect repair of the damage. Immediately after this kind of imperfect repair, there may be a mismatched base pair in the DNA. The illustration above show and example of a mismatch, with the relevant pair bases in bold. Which of the following best represents the DNA of the two daughter cells produced when a bacterial cell with this particular mismatch replicates its DNA and divides?
The DNA of the two daughter cells created when a bacterial cell with this specific mismatch duplicates its DNA and splits is most accurately represented by the phrase "mutant in one but not the other."
Chemical damage (particles that can modify the structure of DNA or the base pair bonding) and radiation damage (UV radiation is known to create mutations known as thymine dimers) are two different ways that DNA can become genetically altered. Two thymine molecules on the same strand link together to cause these mutations, which change the structure of the DNA molecule. T=T can also be used to represent this.
Thus, we can state that the phrase "mutant in one but not the other" most appropriately describes the DNA of the two daughter cells produced when a bacterial cell with this particular mismatch copies its DNA and splits.
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a common mechanism for antibiotic resistance is alteration of the molecule targeted by the antibiotic. very small changes in the structure to extensive alterations may produce a gene product on which the antibiotic has limited effect. match the type of point mutation with the type of damage it is most likely to produce.
Very small changes in the structure to extensive alterations may produce a gene product on which the antibiotic has limited effect which is called Missence.
What does "missense mutation" mean exactly?
A missense mutation is a DNA error that causes the integration of an unfavourable amino acid into a protein as a result of altering a single nucleotide in the DNA. The pallor associated with sickle cell anaemia is the best illustration of a missense change.
What does missense result?
A missense variant is a sort of substitution in which a nucleotide change causes the protein produced from the gene to have a different amino acid in place of one amino acid. The protein's functionality could be affected by the amino acid alteration.
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the___rule describes the tendency for babies to gain control of their body from their head to their feet.
The cephalocaudal rule describes the tendency of infants to be able to control their body from head to toe.
A baby will start working on lifting his head from the first day, and can start lifting his head as soon as he is one month old. In about 3 to 4 months, you will see a significant improvement in your child's head control. By six months, your baby will have mastered the art of holding his head. It begins to develop during the year, and at six months, many babies can hold their head in different positions. Head control and vision work together for purposeful movement. Head control, along with other physical changes, is a sign that babies are ready for solid food.Cephalocaudal development explains the head-to-toe trend of growth and maturation of humans as their nervous system develops,
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These are twitch graphs for 3 different single muscle fibers. According to this image, what fiber type has more myofibrils/fiber? Fast fatigue-resistant Fast fatigable Slow
This picture shows Fast fatigable More myofibrils/fiber are present in slow types.
What is myofibril and its function?Sarcomeres, the muscle's functional units, make up myofibrils. The sliding-filament concept is used by the myofibril to produce muscle contraction. While muscle are all at rest, the thick and thin filaments do not completely overlap, with certain regions having neither of the two main types.
What are myofibril and myofilaments?Actin, myosin, and titin are among the lengthy proteins found in myofibrils. Myofilaments. Myofibrils are held together by lengthy proteins that are organized into thin and thick filaments. They are referred to as myofilaments. These occur in segments known called sarcomeres and recur all along length of the myofibrils.
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True or False: the minus end of microtubules and microfilaments is so named because subunits are lost and never added there.
The minus end of microtubules and microfilaments is so named because subunits are lost and never added there.This is the False statement.
Microtubules are structurally a helical lattice, while microfilaments are a double helix. Microtubules are thick cylinders made of repeating protein structures, mainly dimers of alpha and beta tubulin (also called ɑ-tubulin and β-tubulin). Microtubules are 24 nm in diameter term microfilaments are 7 nm in diameter. Microfilaments are stiff rods made of a protein called actin. When it is first produced by a cell, actin appears in a globular shape. Microfilaments are polymers of actin, which is the most abundant protein in most animal cells.
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Q1. Celery is a plant that is harvested for food.
The celery stem is made from xylem tissue. phloem tissue and epidermal
tissue.
Is the celery stem an organ or an organism?
Choose the best answer to this question.
A. An organism because plants are living things
B. An organism because it is made of several different organs
C. An organ because it is made of several different tissues
D. An organ because it is made of the same type of cells
The celery stem is an organ because it is made of several different tissues (Option C).
What is a biological organ in an organism?A biological organ in an organism is a group of tissues that work together in order to play a given function such as occurs with the roots in plants that are composed of different tissues including vascular tissues (phloem and xylem) that are required to transport nutrients across the plant.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an organ is a group of tissues specialized to play a particular function.
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what amino acids would be aligned from the following m-RNA strand?
A U G G C G G A A
Answer:
Methionine, Alanine, Glutamic acid
there are special lymphatic vessels called that absorb fats and transport them from the digestive tract to the blood.
The lacteals, a special type of lymphatic capillary found in the digestive tract, facilitate the absorption of fat molecules.
It contains immune cells called lymphocytes, which clear bloodstream infections.
Learn how to explain the composition and purpose of the human lymphatic system in this explainer.
The lymphatic system is an organ system that is crucial to both the immune and circulatory systems. It is made up of a network of lymphatic vessels, which are in charge of removing the fluid that builds up between the body's cells, as well as lymphatic organs like the spleen and specialized structures called lymph nodes.
The tiniest blood veins are capillaries. A portion of the fluid leaks out of the capillaries as the capillary blood vessels reach the body's tissues during blood circulation. This fluid, known as interstitial fluid, diffuses into the tissue's crevices.
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a newborn infant develops a whitish overgrowth on the tongue and inner lips. this newborn is suffering from an infection with
Candida albicans is a newborn infant disease that develops a whitish overgrowth on the tongue and inner lips.
Candidiasis may be defined as an infection that is brought on by yeast. The presence of moisture in the air, waiting too long between diaper changes, and other elements might put a person at risk for candidiasis. Candidiasis is a very treatable condition that may be remedied with over-the-counter medications such as creams, suppositories, or mouthwash.
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which of hte following bets describes how chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle during mitosis? Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules
The event which best describes the movement of chromosomes towards spindle during mitosis is by contraction of spindle microtubules and movement of motor proteins of the kinetochores, which suggests that option B is the right answer.
Chromosomes are the thread like structures made up of proteins and are found inside the nucleus of the cell. It carries the units of heredity that is genes on itself. During anaphase, the chromatids move towards the opposite poles and centromeres are pulled by microtubules. Chromosomes break at centromere. Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate at right angles to the spindle poles. At the end of anaphase, each pole contains a complete compilation of chromosomes.
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To refer to complete question, see below:
Which of the following best describes how chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle during mitosis?
a. The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules.
b. The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules, and motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules.
c. The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules, motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules, and non kinetochore spindle fibers serve to push chromosomes in the direction of the poles.
d. Nonkinetochore spindle fibers serve to push chromosomes in the direction of the poles.
e. Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules.
What part of a gene carries?; What are the genes for a trait called?; Who carry the genes?; What instructions do genes carry?
Chromosomes are little, spaghetti-like objects that contain genes. Moreover, chromosomes are located inside of cells. The data that defines your trait is encoded in your genes.
Your traits, which are trait or characteristics that you inherit from your parents, are determined by the instructions carried by your genes . Each cell in the human body has somewhere from 30,000+ genes. Your genes include the instructions that tell your cells how to make the proteins that make up your body. Proteins are used by your body for a number of processes that keep you healthy. Each gene provides instructions that control your traits, including your height, eye color, and hair color. For each trait , there are several gene variations.
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1. a gametophyte generation that is dominant 2. lignified vascular tissues 3. filamentous rhizoids, but not true roots 4. spores that are diploid when mature
Although the multicellular male and female gametophytes are generated within the sporophyte's blooms, the sporophyte is the dominant generation.
Are there any blood vessels in fern gametophytes?The gametophytes have no vascular tissue at all, in contrast to the vascular sporophytes. As a result, these gametophytes are very tiny and grow best in damp environments where they can directly absorb water from their surroundings. Ferns and their associates are still limited to damp environments, just like the bryophytes.
Which one, sporophyte or gametophyte, is dominant?The size of the sporophyte stage has gradually grown during evolution. Thus, the sporophyte phase of the life cycle in higher (i.e., vascular) plants, whereas the gametophyte phase predominates in more primitive nonvascular plants (bryophytes).
Question: Upon closer inspection of the leaves of flower of stone, one can observe tiny, cone-like structures. each cone-like structure emits spores of two different sizes. consequently, flower of stone should be expected to possess which other characteristics? 1. a gametophyte generation that is dominant 2. lignified vascular tissues 3. filamentous rhizoids, but not true roots 4. spores that are diploid when mature
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What are Homologous Structures in Evolution?
Because they were passed down from a common ancestor, homologous structures are those found in related organisms that are comparable. These structures might or might not serve the same purpose in their offspring. The hands of various different mammals are depicted in the figure below. The basic skeletal structure of each is the same.
What is offsrping?
a person, animal, or plant's offspring or progeny is the result of reproduction. Parental transmission of the illness can affect children, a human or animal's direct offspring; a person born of parents gave birth to a lone child.
Creating offspring is considered reproduction. Reproduction comes in two basic forms: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. A sexually reproducing creature integrates the genetic material of both parents to create a genetically distinct individual. Asexual reproduction involves the self-replication of one parent to create genetically identical kids.
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A person is out fishing and cuts their finger with a fillet knife. Although the wound is small, the laceration provides an entry point for bacteria (Vibrio vulnificus), which invade the tissue. Draw a flow chart of the steps that would be employed by a neutrophil to eliminate a bacterial cell. Assume that no antibodies are present that recognize the bacteria as foreign.
Neutrophils are white blood cells that serve as the initial line of defense against harmful microbes.
If an antibody is present, neutrophils will phagocytose the bacterium, digest it, and express it on MHC.
However, in the absence of antibodies, it can release several substances (reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide species) and build extracellular traps to remove germs from the body.
Neutrophil extracellular traps generate antimicrobial proteins such histones, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin etc. This trap has a strong affinity for bacterial DNA (pathogen). It will bind and destructs the bacteria cell.
Reactive oxygen species will digest the bacterial cell, and the human cell will take the part of the bacterial cell (amino acids or other useful compounds) and eliminate the debris.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. a(n)___is a hematophagous arthropod with highly specialized piercing-sucking mouth parts that penetrate individual capillaries and then feed directly on host blood.
Hematophagous arthropods with extremely specialized piercing-sucking mouthparts that enter individual capillaries and then consume host blood feeders are known as soleniophages.
How did hematophagous insects develop their mouthparts to consume blood?Arthropods that feed on blood salivate on their vertebrate hosts. In order for the feeding arthropod to remain unnoticed and unaffected by host immunological reactions, a complex mixture of several chemicals has evolved to enable effective blood acquisition with the least amount of negative influence on the vertebrate host.
Which of the following describes a hemolymph function?Hemolymph functions as a reservoir for water that tissues can draw from during desiccation as well as a place to store various compounds. Hemocytes, which are circulating cells, are also present.
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a scientist determined the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by measuring the amount of product formed over time. the following curve was generated from the data collected.
The shift in the slope of the line between 4 and 6 minutes was most likely caused by a significant amount of substrate being digested. Additionally, the rates are the same at both 1 and 2 minutes.
In biochemistry, the molecule that an enzyme reacts with is referred to as the substrate. Enzymes facilitate chemical reactions involving the substrate (s). The creation of an enzyme-substrate complex occurs when a single substrate forms a bond with the active site of the enzyme. A substrate is a surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) exists. A substrate might be composed of living things, inorganic or organic elements, or both. For example, an animal that lives on top of algae that has formed a crust on a rock may use the algae as its own substrate. In biochemistry, substances that the enzymes react with are referred to as substrates. In ecology, the term "substance" refers to the base to which an immobile material is attached.
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when you added primary antibody to the wells, what happened if your sample did not contain the antigen
when you added primary antibody to the wells, If the antigen was not detected, the main antibody was washed off.
Antibodies and proteins shield you from harmful chemicals when they come into touch with your body. Antibodies are created by your immune system to bind to these foreign chemicals and remove them from your body. Immunoglobulin is another term for an antibody. A foreign substance that enters your body is referred to as an antigen. This includes venom, allergens, bacteria, viruses, fungus, and other poisons. Your immune system makes an antibody protein that it employs to find and eliminate particular antigen. Surface molecules on antigens are different from ones your body typically produces. Your immune system thus recognizes an antigen as soon as it enters your body. Your immune system requests antibody defense in order to fight against this antigen invasion. The B cell produces antibodies (specialized white blood cells). A B cell expands and clones when it comes into touch with an antigen. These plasma cells, also known as cloned B cells, continuously produce antibodies into your lymphatic and blood systems.
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your friend claims that a nonsense mutation causes proteins to be shorter because the mutation stops rna polymerase. is your friend's claim true or false? to start, address the first part of the claim: nonsense mutations cause proteins to be shorter. which of the following is an accurate, relevant statement about transcription or translation that could be used to determine if the claim about protein length is true?
My friend's claim is false, because while the nonsense mutation does lead to a shorter protein, this is because the stop codon stops DNA polymerase, not RNA.
Two polynucleotide chains form the double helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer (DNA). Every known organism, including many viruses, has genetic material. An organism's growth, development, function, and reproduction all depend on its genetic makeup. DNA and ribonucleic acid are examples of nucleic acids (RNA). Along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids are one of the four primary types of macromolecules required for all known forms of life (polysaccharides).
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_____ are similar in that they both involve carbon dioxide, water, and heat changing to/from carbohydrates and oxygen. (enter only one word per blank.)
We refer to these waves as seismic. The focal or hypocenter is the location within the ground where the fault rupture first manifests itself. This is the precise spot inside the earth where seismic waves are produced by the rapid release of elastic energy.
According to the Law of Original Horizontality, all rock layers are initially horizontally deposited and can later be distorted. This enables us to deduce that for the rocks to be slanted, something must have happened to them.
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