Density and specific gravity are related but not the same, Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance. In this case, the reference substance is water, and it is commonly assumed to be water at 4°C (39.2°F) and is generally given as 1.000 g/cm3 (or 1.000 g/ml).
So, the specific gravity of grain alcohol = Density of grain alcohol / Density of water at 4°C = 0.789 g/mL / 1.00 g/mL = 0.789.
This value is dimensionless and it is used to compare the density of different substances with water.
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Determine whether or not a precipitate of lead (II) chloride (PbCI2) will form when 30.0 mL of a 0.20 mol/L solution of Pb (NO3)2 is added to 20 mL of 0.06 mol/L solution of MgCI2. Justify your answer in a quantitative matter and include balanced chemical equations with your calculation.
A precipitate of lead (II) chloride (PbCI2) will form when 30.0 mL of a 0.20 mol/L solution of Pb (NO3)2 is added to 20 mL of 0.06 mol/L solution of MgCI2
What does it mean by a precipitate?
Precipitate: In chemistry, a solid created when a solution changes, frequently as a result of a chemical reaction or a shift in temperature that makes a solid less soluble. A precipitate is defined as a body of liquid or solid water (rain, snow, etc.) that falls from the sky. Because of the dissolved Cu2+, Fehling's solution is blue.
There are 2 moles of Cl- in a 1.0 M MgCl2 (aq)
There are 0.2 moles of Cl- ions in 30m L of solution, or (0.03/1.0 x 2 moles of Cl- ions) (aq)
There are (0.03/1.0. x 2 moles of Cl- ions) in 30mL of solution. 0.2 moles of Cl- (aq)
There are =0.12 moles of Cl- ions in total (aq)
Pb(NO3)2 has a molecular weight of 331.2 g.
One chloride ion's molecular weight is 35.45 grams.
35.45g equals 1 mole of Cl- ions.
0.12 moles of Cl- are equal to [0.12/1.0 x 35.45g] = 4.254 g of Cl- (aq)
0.12 moles of Pb(NO3)2 are equal to [0.12/1.0] x 331.2 g, or39.744 g Pb (NO3)2
Pb(NO3)2 moles equal 39.744g / 331.2 g.
Pb(NO3)2 equals 0.12 moles per unit.
It takes 0.12 moles of Pb(NO3)2 (aq) to precipitate all the ions of chloride in a solution.
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which of the following is not one of the major minerals? group of answer choices copper magnesium chloride calcium
The choices copper magnesium chloride calcium is cellular repair.
What is magnesium chloride?a two-chloride ion and one magnesium-based inorganic molecule. The substance is utilized in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are necessary for numerous biological processes. The family of inorganic compounds known as magnesium chlorides has the formula MgCl2, where x can be any value between 0 and 12. These salts are colorless or white solids that are very soluble in water. These substances, both in their compounds and in their solutions, are found in nature and have a wide range of useful applications. Magnesium chloride is an over-the-counter drug used to prevent and treat low levels of magnesium in the blood. Magnesium is necessary for the healthy operation of the heart, muscles, bones, and neurons.To learn more about magnesium chloride refer to:
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a gas is compressed from a volume of 5.42 l to a volume of 2.75 l by an external pressure of 748 torr. which of the following correctly reflect the calculations required to determine the work done on/by the system (the gas)?
Reflect the calculations required to determine the work done on/by the system 1 atm⋅L = 101.3 J and 1 atm = 760 torr
ΔV = -2.67 L
w = 266 J
What is meant by calculations ?
The method of estimating a number or amount by using information you currently have and adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing numbers:A few mistakes were present in the computations that you performed or made.I worked on that equation for hours, yet I still got the erroneous answer.An intentional mathematical process known as a computation converts one or more inputs into one or more outputs or results.The term is used in many different contexts, ranging from the precise mathematical calculation of employing an algorithm to the nebulous heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition or calculating the likelihood of a successful relationship between two individuals.To learn more about calculations refer to
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Incorrect Question 8 0/1 pts Which piece(s) of glassware is the most precise based on significant figures? Graduated Cylinder What value of R2 indicates the highest level of precision? 0.972 Answer 1: Graduated Cylinder Answer 2: 0.972
Graduated Cylinder What value of R2 indicates the highest level of precision,this answer is correct.
What is the Cylinder ?
The cylinder is a three-dimensional geometric shape with two parallel bases that are connected by a curved surface. It has two circular faces at the top and bottom and a curved surface connecting the two faces. The curved surface of the cylinder is a surface of revolution. A cylinder has two properties, namely, its height and its radius. The volume of the cylinder is equal to the product of its radius and height and is equal to the area of its bases multiplied by the height of the cylinder. Cylinders are used in a variety of applications such as the storage of liquids and gases, the manufacture of pipes, and the construction of machines. The cylinders can also be used for various purposes such as for hydraulic cylinders, for printing presses, and for containers in the chemical industry.
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a chemical compound may be identified in several ways. which of the following identifiers is unique (that is, it does not apply to any other compound)?
The Chemical Abstract Service registry number (CAS number) is unique.
What is meant by Chemical?
Any material with a known composition is a chemical. To put it another way, a chemical always consists of the same "substance."There are some substances in nature, like water. Chlorine and other chemicals are made at factories.All of these things are made of chemicals, some natural and others synthetic, including air, water, iron, fuel, clothing, stones, furniture, plastics, plants, and food.Chemicals can be made up of several different chemicals or they can be single chemical molecules like water. Nitrogen, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, and other substances are all present in air.The three basic categories of substances are elements, compounds, and mixes, which are composed of only one type of atom.To learn more about Chemical refer to
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Sucrose (C12H22O11) reacts with potassium chlorate according to the following balanced equation:
C12H22O11 (s) + 8 KClO3 (s) 12 CO2 (g) + 11 H2O (g) + 8 KCl (s)
Suppose 3.5 moles of C12H22O11 are mixed with 21.0 moles of KClO3. Identify the limiting reactant, then
calculate how many moles of each product (CO2, H2O and KCl) will be formed in this reaction.
Taking into account definition of the reaction stoichiometry, potassium chlorate is the limiting reactant and 31.5 moles of CO₂, 28.875 moles of H₂O and 21 moles of KCl are formed when 3.5 moles of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ are mixed with 21.0 moles of KClO₃.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ (s) + 8 KClO₃ (s) → 12 CO₂ (g) + 11 H₂O (g) + 8 KCl (s)
By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁= 1 molesKClO₃= 8 molesCO₂= 12 molesH₂O= 11 molesKCl= 8 molesWhat is limiting reagentThe limiting reagent is one that is consumed first in its entirety, determining the amount of product in the reaction.
Limiting reagent in this caseTo determine the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by stoichiometry 1 mole of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ reacts with 8 moles of KClO₃, 3.5 moles of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ reacts with how many moles of KClO₃?
moles of KClO₃= (8 moles of KClO₃×3.5 moles of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)÷1 mole of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
moles of KClO₃= 28 moles
But 28 moles of KClO₃ are not available, 21 moles are available. Since you have less moles than you need to react with 3.5 moles of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, KClO₃ will be the limiting reagent.
Moles of each product formedConsidering the lomiting reactant, he following rules of three can be applied:
if by reaction stoichiometry 8 mole of KClO₃ form 12 moles of CO₂, 21 moles of KClO₃ form how many moles of CO₂?moles of CO₂= (21 moles of KClO₃×12 moles of CO₂)÷8 mole of KClO₃
moles of CO₂= 31.5 moles
if by reaction stoichiometry 8 mole of KClO₃ form 11 moles of H₂O, 21 moles of KClO₃ form how many moles of H₂O?moles of H₂O= (21 moles of KClO₃×11 moles of H₂O)÷8 mole of KClO₃
moles of H₂O= 28.875 moles
if by reaction stoichiometry 8 mole of KClO₃ form 8 moles of KCl, 21 moles of KClO₃ form how many moles of KCl?moles of KCl= (21 moles of KClO₃×8 moles of KCl)÷8 mole of KClO₃
moles of KCl= 21 moles
Finally, 31.5 moles of CO₂, 28.875 moles of H₂O and 21 moles of KCl are formed.
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Classify each substance as an atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound, or ionic compound.
a) krypton
b) CoCl₂
c) nitrogen
d) SO₂
e) KNO₃
Atomic element of the type krypton (monatomic element in alkali metals family). This classification designates CoCl2 as an ionic compound (metal + nonmetal).
And classification of the liquid nitrogen (diatomic element). So2 is a chemical molecule with two nonmetals, according to the categorization. Furthermore, Kno3 is categorised as an ionic compound (metal plus two nonmetals). Molecular elements are chemical compounds that contain at least two atoms of the same chemical element that are chemically bonded to one another. Because they have two or more atoms of different chemical elements, chemical compounds are different from these. A chemical species is considered to be an atomic element if it has the capacity to exist as a separate atom. This is explained by their remarkable stability.
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N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
How many grams of NH3 could be made using 6 moles of H2 and excess N2?
__________ g of NH3
Answer:
68grams
Explanation:
Simply because if 3 moles = 2(14 + 3)
3 moles = 34 grams
6 moles = (6 × 34) ÷ 3
= 68grams
Part B Consider the following four molecules. Which of these satisfy the octet rule and which do not? Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
[tex]CS_{2}[/tex] and [tex]CO_{3} ^{2-}[/tex] adhere to the octet rule. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb based on the fact that atoms from the major group prefer to pair in this manner.
Each atom possesses eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electrical configuration as a noble gas, according to the octet rule. [tex]PCl_{5}[/tex] is not acceptable octet rule. [tex]CO_{3} ^{2-}[/tex] will meet the requirement as it has two extra electrons, giving it a -2 charge. just follows the rules. Phosphorus pentachloride ([tex]PCl_{5}[/tex]) and sulfur hexafluoride are two examples of chemicals that defy the octet rule ([tex]SF_{6}[/tex]). Part B Consider the four molecules below. Which of these follows the octet rule and which does not? Drag the relevant objects to
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The complete question is:
Consider the following four molecules. Which of these satisfy the octet rule and which do not?
1) [tex]PCl_{5}[/tex]
2) [tex]CS_{2}[/tex]
3) [tex]SF_{6}[/tex]
4) [tex]CO_{3} ^{2-}[/tex]
identify reagents that can be used for the following synthesis: 1) h2, pt; 2) br2, hv ; 3) naoet 1) h2, lindlar's catalyst; 2) br2, hv ; 3) t-buok 1) na, nh3(liq); 2) br2, hv ; 3) naoet 1) h2, pt; 2) br2, hv ; 3) t-buok
Reagents that can be used naoet. In organic chemistry, the electrophiles and nucleophiles are the two main categories of reagents.
For what purposes do reagents in chemistry?Reagents are frequently employed to conduct tests to determine whether particular chemicals are present because their interactions with the substance or other related substances result in specific responses. Reagents and reactants are two entirely distinct concepts, despite the fact that the terms are occasionally used synonymously.Reagents are listed as Grignard reagent, Tollens reagent, Fehling reagent, Millon reagent, Collins reagent, and Fenton reagent. The word "reagent" does not, however, appear in all reagent names. Solvents, enzymes, and catalysts are additional reagents. The use of reagents can be restricted.In organic chemistry, the electrophiles and nucleophiles are the two main categories of reagents.To learn more about Reagents refer to:
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which of the following has the greatest electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms? which of the following has the greatest electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms? f2 hcl co kbr
Cesium fluoride has the largest electronegativity difference of all of these diatomic compounds, with a difference of 3.19. It is important to note that because oxygen gas is a diatomic.
molecule composed of two atoms of the same element, there is no difference in electronegativity between its atoms. It has an EN of zero.Caesium fluoride may be made by reacting caesium hydroxide (CsOH) with hydrofluoric acid (HF), and the resultant salt can be refined by recrystallization. The following is the reaction: CsOH + HF CsF + H2O CsOH + HF CsF + H2O Another method for producing caesium fluoride is to react caesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) with hydrofluoric acid, and the resultant salt may then be refined by recrystallization. The following is the reaction: 2 HF + 2 CsF + H2O + CO2 = Cs2CO3 In organic solvents, CsF is more soluble than sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride. It is accessible in anhydrous form, and if water has been absorbed, it is simple to dry in vacuo by heating at 100 °C for two hours. [6] CsF has a vapor pressure of one.
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When a racemic mixture is reacted with a single enantiomer of another compound, then a pair of ____is formed. A) Identical compounds B) Enantiomers C) Diastereomers D) Nothing
A set of diastereomers are created when a racemic mixture reacts with one of a compound enantiomers.
What is compound?Compound is a substance composed of two or more elements combined in fixed proportions. Compounds are usually formed when atoms of two or more elements combine chemically. The atoms in a compound are held together by strong chemical bonds. Compounds can be either organic or inorganic, and exist in all forms of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases. Examples of compounds include water (H2O), table salt (NaCl), and sucrose (C12H22O11).
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In the titration of a weak acid of unknown concentration with a standard solution of a strong base, a pH meter was used to follow the progress of the titration. Which of the following is true for this experiment? The (H+) at the equivalence point equals the ionization constant of the acid. The graph of pH versus volume of base added shows no sharp rise. The graph of pH versus volume of base added rises gradually at first and then much more rapidly. The pH at the equivalence point depends on the indicator used. The pH is 7 at the equivalence point.
the graph of pH versus volume of base added rises gradually at first and then much more rapidly A p meter was used to track the progress of the titration of a weak acid of unknown concentration.
with a standard solution of a strong base. of the following statements about this experiment is correct The indicator used determines the pH at the equivalence point. This is due to the anion of the weak acid becoming a common ion, which decreases the acid's ionization. Following the significant spike at the start of the titration, the curve barely alters gradually. This is due to the solution's function as a buffer. This will continue until the base's capacity is exceeded.In the titration of a weak acid of unknown concentration with a standard solution of a strong base, a pH meter was used to follow the progress of the titration.
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the diagrams above use arrows to represent the speed of a gas particle. which of the diagrams best represents the speed of the particles of a gas at a fixed temperature, and why?
The diagram 2 best represents the speed of gas particles at a constant temperature because the particles have a wide range of speeds.
What is the speed of gas particles?Gas particles move quickly in all directions, frequently colliding with one another and the container's side. The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster as the temperature rises.Gases are made up of a large number of tiny spherical particles that are far apart in comparison to their size. Gas particles are constantly moving in random directions at high speeds. Elastic collisions occur between gas particles and between particles and container walls.Lighter-molecule gases have more high-speed particles and a higher urms, with a speed distribution that peaks at higher velocities. Gases made up of heavier molecules have more low-speed particles, lower urms, and a speed distribution that peaks at lower velocities.The diagram is attached below.
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predict the direction favored of the following equilibrium equation
Comparing the stabilities of two negative charges on opposite sides of the equilibrium-arrows is one method for determining whether the reactants or products are preferred in an equilibrium. Because this side has less energy, it is preferred, whichever side has the more stable negative charge.
How do you know which side is favored at equilibrium?It is well knowledge that nature prefers low energy conditions. Remember that we may use the Protocol to compare the stability of two negative charges, where the more stable negative charge has a lower energy, and that this evaluation can be done while keeping this concept in mind.Comparing the stabilities of two negative charges on opposite sides of the equilibrium-arrows is one method for determining whether the reactants or products are preferred in an equilibrium. Because this side has less energy, it is preferred, whichever side has the more stable negative charge.Considering what transpires once you reach the more stable negative charge is one method to understand why this assertion is correct.Because you are content with where you are—a place of low energy—if you have recently moved to a more solid job, you are less likely to react negatively.By contrasting the negative charges on an oxygen and a nitrogen in the aforementioned example, we are putting the protocol to use. Since the charges on two atoms in the same row of the periodic table are being compared, we use electronegativity (#2 on the Protocol) to ascertain the relative stabilities.To Learn more About equilibrium refer To:
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Write the expression for Kc for the following reactions. In each case indicate whether the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous.Part A3NO(g)⇌N2O(g)+NO2(g)Kc=[N2O][NO2]3[NO][NO]3[N2O][NO2]3[NO][N2O][NO2][N2O][NO2][NO]3SubmitMy AnswersGive UpPart B3NO(g)⇌N2O(g)+NO2(g)reaction ishomogeneousheterogeneousSubmitMy AnswersGive UpPart CCH4(g)+2H2S(g)⇌CS2(g)+4H2(g)Kc=[CH4][H2S]2[CS2][H2]4[CH4][H2S]2[CS2][H2]2[CS2][H2][CH4][H2S][CS2][H2]4[CH4][H2S]2SubmitMy AnswersGive UpPart DCH4(g)+2H2S(g)⇌CS2(g)+4H2(g)reaction ishomogeneousheterogeneous
All the given reactions are heterogeneous reactions.
How to determine whether the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous?
A reaction is classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous based on the phases of the reactants and products involved. A homogeneous reaction is one that occurs in a single phase, while a heterogeneous reaction is one that occurs across different phases. For example, if a reaction involves a solid, liquid, and gas, then it would be considered heterogeneous.
Part A: 3NO(g)⇌N2O(g)+NO2(g)
Kc = [N2O][NO2]^3 / [NO]^3
This reaction is heterogeneous because it involves a change in the number of moles of gas on both sides of the equation.
Part B: 3NO(g)⇌N2O(g)+NO2(g)
reaction is heterogeneous
Part C: CH4(g)+2H2S(g)⇌CS2(g)+4H2(g)
Kc = [CS2][H2]^4 / [CH4][H2S]^2
This reaction is heterogeneous because it involves a change in the number of moles of gas on both sides of the equation.
Part D: CH4(g)+2H2S(g)⇌CS2(g)+4H2(g)
The reaction is heterogeneous.
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Which of the following atoms has the highest electronegativity? a. sulfurb. oxygenc. hydrogend. nitrogene. carbon
Oxygen atoms has the highest electronegativity. Fluorine is the most electronegative element, but francium is one of the least electronegative.
Which element has a higher electronegativity, oxygen or nitrogen?Nitrogen is more electronegative than oxygen.In groups, electronegativity rises from bottom to top, and throughout periods, it rises from left to right. Fluorine is the most electronegative element, but francium is one of the least electronegative.In water molecules, oxygen has a greater electronegative charge than hydrogen. So, although both hydrogen atoms receive a tiny positive charge, oxygen draws bound electrons in its direction and acquires a slight negative charge. Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.1 while oxygen has a value of 3.5.Oxygen atoms has the highest electronegativity. Fluorine is the most electronegative element, but francium is one of the least electronegative.To learn more about electronegativity refer to:
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Classify each of the following molecular art illustration as a chemical reaction or a physical change. Selection: Consider the reaction ofNOandCOto formN 2andCO 2. according to the balanced equation.2NO(g)+CO(g)→N 2( g)+2CO 2( g)Identify the excess reactant, the limiting reactant, and the product(s) using the molecular art. (Black spheres are carbon, blue spheres are nitrogen, and red spheres are oxygen)
This is a chemical reaction. The excess reactant is NO (there are two nitrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule), the limiting reactant is CO, and the products are N2 and CO2.
What is nitrogen?Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert gas that makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere. It is one of the most abundant elements on the planet and is found in both organic and inorganic forms. In organic form, nitrogen is an important part of all proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules essential to life. In its inorganic form, nitrogen is an essential component of all fertilizers and is used in the production of plastics, explosives, and other industrial chemicals. Nitrogen is also used to create nitrous oxide, which is used as an anesthetic for medical procedures. Nitrogen is essential for the growth of plants, and it is also essential for the production of ammonia, which is a key component of many fertilizers.
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For each of the following unbalanced reactions, suppose exactly 5.00 moles of each reactant are taken. Determine which reactant is limiting, and also determine what mass of the excess reagent will remain after the limiting reactant is consumed. For each reaction, solve the problem three ways: i. Set up and use Before Change-After (BCA) tables. ii. Compare the moles of reactants to see which runs out first. iii. Consider the amounts of products that can be formed by completely consuming each reactant a. Cacz(s) + H2O(l) + Ca(OH),(8) + CH2(9) b. AgNO3(aq) + Al(s) + Ag(s) + Al(NO3)2 (aq)
A balanced chemical equation gives the relationship between the number of moles of reactants and the number of moles of products. This is called reaction stoichiometry.
what is meant by stoichiometry?
Chemical The quantitative analysis of the reactants and products involved in a chemical process is known as stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is a combination of the Greek words "stoikhein," which means element, and "metron," which means measure.
One of the most crucial topics in general chemistry is stoichiometry. Normally, it comes up after talking about unit conversions and atom components. Although it's not tough, the word's convoluted sound turns away many students. It may be described as "mass relations" for this reason. It alludes to masses of reactants, products, and the constituents that make up a complex.
solving stoichiometry issues
equations that balance
Conversion of grams to moles
determining molar mass
mole ratio calculations
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Charcoal reacts with oxygen according to the equation C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g). Which of the following changes would cause the greatest increase in the rate of reaction?
a. decreasing the concentration of O2(g)
b. decreasing the pressure of O2 (g)
c. using charcoal in powdered form
d. using charcoal in lump form
Answer:
c. using charcoal in powdered form.
Explanation:
The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by many factors, one of which is the surface area of the reactants. When the surface area of a solid reactant is increased, the rate of the reaction increases because it increases the number of reactive sites available for collision. Therefore, using charcoal in powdered form would increase the rate of reaction as the surface area of charcoal would be greater than in lump form.
On the other hand, decreasing the concentration of O2(g) would decrease the rate of reaction as there will be fewer O2 molecules for collision, decreasing the pressure of O2 (g) would affect the rate of reaction in a lesser extend, as pressure is not a major factor in this reaction. Using charcoal in lump form wouldn't affect the rate of the reaction as much as changing its form from lump to powdered.
Convert grams of fe2o3 to grams of fe. select the correct units and conversion factors for each step in the following unit roadmap.
Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g)
To convert grams of Fe₂O₃ to grams of Fe, we can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Fe₂O₃ and CO.
The balanced equation for the reaction between Fe₂O₃ and CO is: Fe₂O₃(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3 CO₂(g)
From this equation, we can see that 1 mole of Fe₂O₃ reacts with 3 moles of CO to produce 2 moles of Fe and 3 moles of CO₂. This means that the ratio of Fe to Fe₂O₃ is 2:1.
The conversion factor between grams of Fe₂O₃and grams of Fe is:
1 mole Fe₂O₃= 159.69 g Fe₂O₃
1 mole Fe = 55.845 g Fe
Steps:
Start with the given mass of Fe₂O₃in grams
Convert grams to moles of Fe₂O₃using the molar mass of Fe₂O₃ (159.69 g/mol)
Use the stoichiometry ratio of 2:1 to find the number of moles of Fe produced from the number of moles of Fe₂O₃
Convert the number of moles of Fe to grams using the molar mass of Fe (55.845 g/mol)
In conclusion, in order to convert grams of Fe₂O₃to grams of Fe, we used the balanced chemical equation to identify the molar ratio between the reactants and products.
Then, we used the molar mass of Fe₂O₃ and Fe to convert between moles and grams. It is important to be aware of the stoichiometry of the reaction in order to calculate the correct number of moles of Fe produced.
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The complete question is:
Convert grams of Fe₂O₃ to grams of Fe. Mention the correct units and conversion factors for each step.
Fe₂O₃(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3 CO₂(g)
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Give an example of reduction?
Answer:
Reduction can be explained in simple terms like gaining electrons in an atom or gaining hydrogen and eliminating oxygen. For example, oxygen is replaced by hydrogen in every reaction, this is referred to as reduction.
It is the movement of electrons between two different elements in a chemical substance; this transfer is facilitated by the acquisition of electrons or by reducing the oxidation state of the element. This reduction reaction always aims to increase the number of electrons bound to a single atom or group of atoms.
This is a classic form of the redox reaction. The burning of organic materials and hydrocarbons is a form of redox reaction. During combustion, oxygen is reduced while the burned compounds oxidize.
Calculate the molar mass of each compound given below. Keep at least one decimal place in atomic masses from the periodic table. A chemist requires 0.448 mol Na2CO3 for a reaction. How many grams does this correspond to? A sample of C3H6 has 2.40 times 1074 H atoms. How many carbon atoms does the sample contain? What is the total mass of the sample? The 64.8-g sample of the compound X2Os contains 48.0 g of oxygen atoms. What is the molar mass of element X?
47.264grams of 0.448 mol Na2CO3 is used for a reaction, the number of carbon atoms the sample contains is 1288.8and the molar mass of element X is 14g/mol.
(a) Number of moles of Na2CO3 (M) = 0.448
Molar mass of Na2CO3 (W) = 2 x 22.9 + 1 x 12.0 + 3 x 15.9 = 105.5g
The mass of Na2CO3 required for the reaction = m
m = Molar mass x moles = 105.5x0.448 = 47.264g
The mass of Na2CO3 required = 47.264g
(b) Given sample = C3H6
number of atoms of hydrogen = 2.4 x 1074 = 2577.6
For every 6 hydrogens in propene there are 3 carbons present.
If there are 2.4 x 1074 Hydrogen atoms present then there are 3/6 x 2.4 x 1074 carbon atoms present.
Number of carbon atoms = 1288.8 atoms
(c) The compound = X2O5
The mass of compound (m) = 64.8g
The mass of oxygen atoms(m1) = 48g
Number of moles of oxygen = 48/16 = 3 where molar mass is 16g/mol
the number of moles of the given element X = x
From the equation 5 atoms of oxygen is 3 mol and 2 atoms of element X is n then 5 : 3 = 2 : x then the number of moles of X = 1.2
The mass of element X = 64.8 - 48 = 16.8g
The molar mass of X = 16.8/1.2 = 14g/mol
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Consider the chemical reaction
aP4O10+bCaF2→cPF5+dCa3(PO4)2,
where a, b, c and d are unknown positive integers. The reaction must be balanced; that is, the number of atoms of each element must be the same before and after the reaction. For example, because the number of oxygen atoms must remain the same,
10a=8d.
While there are many possible choices for a,b, c, and d that balance the reaction, it is customary to use the smallest possible integers. Balance this reaction. Note that such reaction balance problems are always equivalent to a homogeneous system with a single free parameter.
find a b c and d ?
According to the problem, the chemical reaction is with coefficients a = 2, b = 5, c = 5, d = 4.
What is the chemical ?
A chemical is any substance composed of matter that has a distinct molecular composition and characteristic properties. The science of chemistry studies these substances and the transformations they undergo. Chemicals can be natural, such as water, or they can be man-made, such as plastics.
The equation can be written as:
2P4O10 + 5CaF2 → 5PF5 + 4Ca3(PO4)2
To balance the equation, we need to make sure the atoms on both sides of the equation are the same.
For phosphorus, the equation is balanced since there are 8 phosphorus atoms on both sides of the equation.
For oxygen, the equation is not balanced since there are 20 oxygen atoms on the left side of the equation and 32 oxygen atoms on the right side of the equation. To balance the equation, we need to make sure that there is the same number of oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation. We can do this by changing the coefficients of the compounds. We can set the coefficient of P4O10 to 2 and the coefficient of Ca3(PO4)2 to 4. This results in 20 oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation.
For calcium, the equation is not balanced since there are 10 calcium atoms on the left side of the equation and 12 calcium atoms on the right side of the equation. To balance the equation, we need to make sure that there is the same number of calcium atoms on both sides of the equation. We can do this by changing the coefficients of the compounds. We can set the coefficient of CaF2 to 5 and the coefficient of Ca3(PO4)2 to 4. This results in 10 calcium atoms on both sides of the equation.
For fluorine, the equation is not balanced since there are 10 fluorine atoms on the left side of the equation and 8 fluorine atoms on the right side of the equation. To balance the equation, we need to make sure that there is the same number of fluorine atoms on both sides of the equation. We can do this by changing the coefficients of the compounds. We can set the coefficient of CaF2 to 5. This results in 10 fluorine atoms on both sides of the equation.
Therefore, the balanced equation is:
2P4O10 + 5CaF2 → 5PF5 + 4Ca3(PO4)2
with coefficients a = 2, b = 5, c = 5, d = 4
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Which of the following set of conditions would NOT allow HDFN to occur as a result of Rh incompatibility?
The correct answer is highlighted below
Mother Rh-negative, father Rh-positive
Mother Rh-negative, baby Rh-positive
Mother Rh-negative, father Rh-negative
Mother Rh-negative, father Rh-unknown
Mother Rh-negative, father Rh-unknown and Mother Rh-negative, father Rh-negative would not allow HDFN to occur as a result of Rh incompatibility.
The most well-known kind of alloimmune anemia, HDFN, is sometimes referred to as Rh illness. The mother becomes sensitized to and develops antibodies against the "foreign" (paternal) antigen as a result of the parents' incompatibility in red cell antigens. An important contributing factor to HDN is the mother's and fetus's Rh blood group incompatibility. If the father is homozygous dominant (DD), there is a 100% risk that the fetus will be Rh positive and experience an incompatibility issue. 50% of the time if the father is heterozygous (Dd). The fetus's Rh negative status won't cause any issues.
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Give two examples of elements for each of the following categories.a. noble gasesb. halogensc. alkali metalsd. alkaline earth metals
The two examples of each is given as :
1) Noble gases = He , Ne
2) Halogens = F, Cl
3) Alkali metals = Li, Na
4) Alkaline earth metals = Be, Mg
1) The noble gases are the elements in the periodic table belongs to the 18 group : He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Og.
2) The halogens are the elements in the periodic table belongs to the group 17 : F, Cl, Br, I, At.
3) The alkali metals are the elements in the periodic table belongs to the group 1st : H, LI, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
4) The alkaline earth metals are the elements in the periodic table belongs to the group 2nd : Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.
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A process results in the formation of a gas as energy is absorbed. Which statement correctly classifies the change that is taking place?
A. The change is ambiguous, because the evidence can result from either a chemical or a physical change.
B. The change is a physical change whenever the formation of a new substance is not specified.
C. The absorption of energy can only occur during a chemical change.
D. The formation of a gas is evidence that a chemical change must have occurred.
B. The change is a physical change whenever the formation of a new substance is not specified. A process results in the formation of a gas as energy is absorbed.
A change in a substance may or may not result in the development of a new substance. Every alteration may be characterized as either physical or chemical based on this. You may evaluate whether a chemical reaction releases or absorbs energy overall by comparing the energy used when bonds in the reactants are broken with the energy released when bonds in the products are created. Exothermic reactions are those that produce energy. When two or more substances are combined, they might undergo either a physical or a chemical change. When iron and sulfur are together, no chemical change happens. When the combination is heated, it glows after a while and forms a black material that is not iron.
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Aluminum and iron are used in a cell to produce electricity. Using the standard reduction potentials shown, calculate the cell potential and identify the type of cell.
Al3+(aq) + 3e– Al(s) Eº = –1.66 V
Fe2+(aq) + 2e– Fe(s) Eº = –0.41 V
A. +2.08 V; electrolytic
B. –1.25 V; galvanic
C. –2.08 V; electrolytic
D. +1.25 V; galvanic
B. –1.25 V; galvanic type of cell.
What is standard reduction?Standard reduction is an important concept in chemistry, which is used to describe the transfer of electrons between two chemical species. When a chemical species gains electrons it is said to have been reduced, and when a chemical species loses electrons it is said to have been oxidized. The standard reduction potential is a measure of how easily a chemical species can be reduced, and is expressed as a voltage. It is a measure of the potential difference between the oxidized and reduced forms of the species, and is an important factor in determining the direction of electron transfer in a reaction.
The cell potential is calculated by subtracting the standard reduction potential of the reducing agent from that of the oxidizing agent. In this case, the reduction potential of Fe2+ is subtracted from the reduction potential of Al3+ to get the cell potential: -1.66 V – (-0.41 V) = -1.25 V. Since the cell potential is negative, this is a galvanic cell, with Fe2+ as the oxidizing agent and Al3+ as the reducing agent.
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Provide the mass to charge ratio for the molecular ion peak of prop-2-enal. Show two significant figures and no decimals.
56 is the mass to charge ratio for the molecular ion peak of prop-2-enal.
CH2 = CH-CHO
molar mass C3H4O : 3 x 12 + 4 x 1 + 16 = 56
M+ ion means it does not loss any group, so
M+ charge = +1
M / Z ratio = 56 /1 = 56
m/z = 56
The molecular ion peak is the peak in a mass spectrum that indicates the molecular ion. The molecular ion peak is the location with the largest mass-to-charge ratio after deleting any peaks induced by the presence of heavier isotopes. In general, the M+ peak is the peak with the maximum intensity in the cluster of peaks with the maximum m/z.
A molecular ion is formed when one electron is released from an electrically neutral molecule. Because the mass of an electron is so little in contrast to the mass of a molecule, the mass of a molecular ion is the same as the mass of the molecule.
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A student is examining two beakers. Beaker A has 100 grams of zinc (Zn) and Beaker
B has 100 grams of Aluminum (Al). Which beaker contains more atoms?
Beaker A contains more atoms, because Zinc has a higher molar mass.
Beaker B contains more atoms, because Aluminum has a higher molar mass.
Beaker A contains more atoms, because Zinc has a lower molar mass.
Beaker B contains more atoms, because Aluminum has a lower molar mass.
Zinc has a larger molar mass than Copper, hence Beaker A has more atoms.
How can you figure out how much of a material there are in a certain amount of an entity?To determine the number of atoms, ions, or molecules present in any quantity (in moles) of atoms, ions, or molecules, apply the equation N = n NA: 10 helium atoms per mole equals 10 x (6.022 1023) or 6.022 1024 helium atoms.
What makes a mole 6.022 x 10 23?An amount of a pure substance that contains the same number of chemical units (atoms, molecules, etc.) as there are atoms in precisely 12 grams of carbon-12 is said to be a MOLE (mol) (i.e., 6.022 X 1023).
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