The element lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes. Lithium i.e. (Li) have a atomic mass of value 6.94 amu.
To calculate the atomic mass of lithium, we need to find the weighted average of the masses of its two isotopes based on their natural abundance. The formula for this calculation is:
[tex]Atomic mass = (mass of isotope 1 * abundance of isotope 1) + (mass of isotope 2 * abundance of isotope 2)[/tex]
Putting values for two isotopes of lithium:-
[tex]Atomic mass = (6.0151 amu * 0.0749) + (7.0160 amu * 0.9251)[/tex]
[tex]Atomic mass = 0.4497595 + 6.487676[/tex]
[tex]Atomic mass = 6.937435 amu[/tex]
Hence, the atomic mass of lithium is approx. 6.94 amu.
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not chem but anatomy. Which of the following is the chronological
order of events that occur when a person is
trying to keep their balance?
You retain balance when the weight and the reaction forces are balanced.
What chronological events helps a person to keep balance?Your question is incomplete but I think you want to know how a person can retain balance.
We know that we can only be keep balance when the forces that are acting on the person is balanced. The implication of it is that there are no unbalanced forces that are acting on the person.
The two forces that act on you when you stand are the weight and the reaction force. If these two forces are balanced then you can be able to retain your balance.
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What experimental criteria will be used to measure the bromination rate of the hydrocarbons1.Precipitation2.gas evolution3.Discoloration4.temperature changes
Temperature changes is the criteria which is used to measure the bromination rate of the hydrocarbons.
The concentrations of the chemical species involved in the bromination have no effect on the rate constant. However, it is affected by other factors such as temperature or ionic strength, for example, k. (T). The rate constant's units are determined by the overall reaction order.
Bromine is a reddish-brown colour, while the rest of the reactants and products are clear. Thus, the reaction rate can be conveniently measured by using a spectrophotometer to monitor the concentration of bromine.
It is predicted that the presence of an alkyl or alkoxy substituent will increase bromination rates (relative to benzene) and direct bromination to the para and ortho positions of alkyl- and alkoxybenzenes.
Because the rate-determining step for bromination is endothermic, it is slower than chlorination. In general, bromination and chlorination are both exothermic reactions.
For 1°;2°;3° hydrogens, the relative rate of radical bromination is 1; 82; 1640. Make a list of all the monobrominated products that could result from the radical bromination of the compounds.
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Organic molecules that are universally used as an immediate source of energy are the:_________
When ATP is broken down, it releases energy in the form of a phosphate bond, which can be used to power metabolic processes.
What is metabolic ?Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur in living organisms. These biochemical processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environment. Metabolism of energy within cells is known as cellular metabolism. Metabolism can be divided into two categories, catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to obtain energy. Anabolism is the building up of molecules to create other molecules and store energy. Metabolic reactions involve the energy that is used to power the cell and the molecules that are used as building blocks for biosynthesis.
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how do you determine the range of electrolyte concentration in which a controlled flocculation occurs
The range of electrolyte concentration in which controlled flocculation occurs can be determined by performing a series of experiments where the electrolyte concentration is gradually increased or decreased.
Here are the general steps for determining the range of electrolyte concentration:
Prepare a series of solutions with different electrolyte concentrations by adding increasing or decreasing amounts of the electrolyte to the sample.
Mix the solutions thoroughly and allow them to sit for a specific period of time to allow for flocculation to occur.
Observe the samples and record any changes in the sample's appearance, such as increased turbidity or formation of flocs.
Compare the results of each sample to identify the range of electrolyte concentration at which controlled flocculation occurs.
Repeat the experiment several times to confirm the range of electrolyte concentration that results in controlled flocculation.
Once the range of electrolyte concentration is determined, it can be used to optimize the flocculation process by selecting an electrolyte concentration within the range to achieve the desired flocculation effect.
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a 20.0-ml sample of 0.150 mkoh is titrated with 0.125 mhclo4 solution. calculate the ph after the following volumes of acid have been added.
The pH values after the given volumes of acid have been added are: a) 12.18, b) 12.39, c) 11.78, d) 11.25, and e) 10.79.To solve the problem, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between KOH and HClO4:
KOH + HClO4 -> KClO4 + H2O
At the start of the titration, before any HClO4 has been added, we have a solution of KOH with a concentration of 0.150 M. We can use this concentration to calculate the initial concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution:
[OH-] = 0.150 M
a) Before any HClO4 has been added, the volume of the solution is 20.0 mL. At this point, no HClO4 has reacted with the KOH, so the concentration of OH- ions is still 0.150 M.
To calculate the pH, we can use the formula for the dissociation constant of water:
Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14
pH = -log[H+]
[H+] = Kw/[OH-] = 6.67 x 10^-13 M
pH = -log(6.67 x 10^-13) = 12.18
b) After 1.5 mL of HClO4 has been added, the volume of the solution is 21.5 mL. The moles of HClO4 added is:
0.125 mol/L x 0.0015 L = 1.875 x 10^-5 mol
The moles of KOH initially in the solution is:
0.150 mol/L x 0.020 L = 0.003 mol
Thus, the moles of KOH remaining after reaction with HClO4 is:
0.003 mol - 1.875 x 10^-5 mol = 0.00298125 mol
The total volume of the solution is 21.5 mL, so the new concentration of KOH is:
0.00298125 mol / 0.0215 L = 0.1387 M
Using this concentration, we can calculate the concentration of OH- ions:[OH-] = 0.1387 M
Using the same formula for Kw and pH as before, we find that:
[H+] = 4.06 x 10^-13 M
pH = -log(4.06 x 10^-13) = 12.39
c) Repeating the above process for a volume of 24.0 mL gives:
[H+] = 1.64 x 10^-12 M
pH = -log(1.64 x 10^-12) = 11.78
d) For a volume of 26.5 mL:
[H+] = 5.67 x 10^-12 M
pH = -log(5.67 x 10^-12) = 11.25
e) For a volume of 29.0 mL:
[H+] = 1.63 x 10^-11 M
pH = -log(1.63 x 10^-11) = 10.79
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two porous containers are filled with hydrogen and neon respectively. under identical conditions, 2/3 of the hydrogen escape in 6 hours. how long will it take for half the neon to escape?
Using Grahams law, after calculation it takes about 2 * (1/0.223) = 2.24 times as long for half of the neon to escape, or approximately 13.44 hours.
We can use Graham's Law to solve this problem, as it relates the rate of effusion of a gas to its molar mass. According to Graham's Law, the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
Let's assume that the rate of effusion of hydrogen is 1. We need to find the time it takes for half of the neon to escape, given that 2/3 of the hydrogen has escaped in 6 hours.
From Graham's Law, we know that:
(rate of effusion of hydrogen) / (rate of effusion of neon) = sqrt(molar mass of neon) / sqrt(molar mass of hydrogen)
We can rearrange this equation to solve for the rate of effusion of neon:
(rate of effusion of neon) = (sqrt(molar mass of hydrogen) / sqrt(molar mass of neon)) * (rate of effusion of hydrogen)
Since we know that the rate of effusion of hydrogen is 1, we can simplify the equation to:
(rate of effusion of neon) = (sqrt(molar mass of hydrogen) / sqrt(molar mass of neon))
We can find the ratio of the molar mass of hydrogen to neon from the periodic table. The molar mass of hydrogen is 1 g/mol, and the molar mass of neon is 20.18 g/mol. Therefore:
(sqrt(molar mass of hydrogen) / sqrt(molar mass of neon)) = (sqrt(1 g/mol) / sqrt(20.18 g/mol)) = 0.223
So, the rate of effusion of neon is 0.223 times the rate of effusion of hydrogen. If 2/3 of the hydrogen has escaped in 6 hours, then 1/3 of the hydrogen is still in the container after 6 hours. Since the rate of effusion of neon is 0.223 times the rate of effusion of hydrogen, we can assume that the rate of effusion of neon is constant and also 0.223. Therefore, it will take 1/2 * (1/0.223) = 2.24 times as long for half of the neon to escape, or approximately 13.44 hours.
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which one of the following pairs of molecules would you expect to have the higher melting point? a. cl2 or br2 b. c4h10 or c5h12 c. nh3 or ph3 d. na or mg e. beo or kcl f. icl or br2
BeO or KCl will have a higher melting point than any other pair given above in the question.
The pair of molecules that would have the higher melting point would be e. BeO and KCl. BeO has a higher molecular weight and is more covalently bonded, which makes it more stable and more difficult to break the intermolecular forces. This makes it have a higher melting point than KCl, which is held together by ionic bonds, which are relatively weaker and easier to break.
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Select the term that correctly describes a chemical reaction that favors one possible structural isomer over one or more other structural isomers.
A. Stereogeneic
B. Stereoselective
C. Regioselective
D. Regiogenic
A chemical reaction that prefers one potential structural isomer over one or more other structural isomers is accurately referred to be stereoselective.
A stereoselective reaction favours the creation of a particular stereoisomer over other potential stereoisomers while retaining the stereochemistry of the starting material in the final product. The composition of the reagents and the reaction conditions are only two examples of the many variables that might affect selectivity. A chiral centre or a molecule with the capacity to produce one is referred to as stereogenic. A reaction is referred described as being "regioselective" if one of a molecule's reaction sites is favoured over other reaction sites. In organic chemistry, the word "regiogenic" is not used.
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what types of intermolecular forces are exhibited by each compound?
The types of intermolecular forces exhibited by a compound depend on the nature of the individual molecules and their molecular geometry.
In general, there are three main types of intermolecular forces:
London dispersion forces: These are the weakest type of intermolecular force and are present in all molecules. They arise due to temporary fluctuations in electron density, resulting in the formation of instantaneous dipoles. London dispersion forces increase with increasing molecular size and surface area.Dipole-dipole interactions: These occur between molecules with permanent dipoles, such as polar covalent compounds. The positive end of one dipole is attracted to the negative end of another dipole, leading to a net attractive force. Dipole-dipole interactions are stronger than London dispersion forces.Hydrogen bonding: This is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between molecules containing hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong type of intermolecular force due to the large electronegativity difference between hydrogen and these other atoms.Here are examples of compounds and the types of intermolecular forces they exhibit:
Water (H2O): Water is a polar covalent compound with a bent molecular geometry. It exhibits both hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions.Carbon dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule with a linear molecular geometry. It exhibits only London dispersion forces.Ethanol (C2H5OH): Ethanol is a polar covalent compound with a bent molecular geometry. It exhibits both hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions.Methane (CH4): Methane is a nonpolar molecule with a tetrahedral molecular geometry. It exhibits only London dispersion forces.To learn more about intermolecular forces refer to this link
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suppose you mix 100.0 g of water at 21.4 oc with 75.0 g of water at 72.0 oc. what will be the final temperature of the mixed water, in oc?
mix 100.0 g of water at 21.4 oc with 75.0 g of water at 72.0 oc then final temperature of the mixed water is 34.9°C.
To find the final temperature of the mixed water, we can use the principle of heat transfer. The heat lost by the hot water is equal to the heat gained by the cold water. The formula for calculating heat transfer is: Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat transfer, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
First, we can calculate the heat lost by the hot water using Q = mcΔT. The mass of the hot water is 75.0 g, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g°C, and the initial temperature of the hot water is 72.0°C, while the final temperature is unknown. Therefore, the heat lost by the hot water is (75.0 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(72.0°C - x), where x is the final temperature of the mixed water.
Next, we can calculate the heat gained by the cold water using the same formula, but with the mass, specific heat capacity, and initial temperature of the cold water. The heat gained by the cold water is (100.0 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(x - 21.4°C).
Since the heat lost by the hot water is equal to the heat gained by the cold water, we can set these two expressions equal to each other and solve for x:
(75.0 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(72.0°C - x) = (100.0 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(x - 21.4°C)
Solving for x gives x = 34.9°C.
Therefore, the final temperature of the mixed water is 34.9°C.
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Does doubling the amount of substance that dissolves in water correspond to a doubling of a temperature change in the solution? Explain
The temperature change would not necessarily double, but it would depend on the initial temperature, the specific heat capacity of the solution, and other factors affecting the dissolution process.
What is Dissolution process?
Dissolution is a physical process where a solid or a liquid substance dissolves in a liquid solvent to form a homogeneous solution. It is a process in which the solute particles are separated and dispersed in the solvent. This process is driven by the intermolecular interactions between the solute and solvent molecules. The dissolution process is a key step in many chemical and biological processes, such as digestion, drug absorption, and many industrial processes.
No, doubling the amount of substance that dissolves in water does not necessarily correspond to a doubling of the temperature change in the solution. The temperature change in a solution is determined by the amount of heat transferred to or from the solution, the heat capacity of the solution, and the amount of solute dissolved.
Doubling the amount of solute dissolved would increase the amount of heat absorbed or released during the process of dissolution, but the heat capacity of the solution would remain the same. Therefore, the temperature change would not necessarily double, but it would depend on the initial temperature, the specific heat capacity of the solution, and other factors affecting the dissolution process.
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An incomplete diagram of meiosis is shown below. At the end of the process, how many chromosomes would be present in cell A?
In Cell A, there would be 8 chromosomes present at the end of the meiosis process.
What is the meiosis process?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four daughter cells from one parent cell. It is a type of nuclear division that occurs in eukaryotic cells and is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are formed. The process of meiosis is composed of two separate divisions called meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (which contain two copies of each gene) pair up, exchange genetic material, and then separate. This process is called crossing over and it creates genetic diversity. During meiosis II, the sister chromatids (copies of each chromosome) separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
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in an electric discharge the emission spectra of helium is an example of:______.
In an electric discharge the emission spectra of helium is an example of flame test. light is released with the energy corresponding to the difference in energy between the higher and lower states.
What is emission spectra?Electrons are stimulated to something like a higher energy level when a molecule or atom absorbs energy. When the electron returns to the lower energy level, light is released with the energy corresponding to the difference in energy between the higher and lower states.
Because several levels of energy are available, each electron can experience numerous transitions, each of which produces a distinct wavelength that makes up the emission spectrum. In an electric discharge the emission spectra of helium is an example of flame test.
Therefore, in an electric discharge the emission spectra of helium is an example of flame test.
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what happens when an acidic solution is mixed with a basic solution? Give an example
Answer: Neutralization reaction
Explanation:
When an acidic solution is mixed with a basic solution, the result is a neutralization reaction. Neutralization reactions are reactions between acids and bases that result in the formation of a salt and water.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Here are some examples of acid-base reactions:
H.ydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2):
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO4 + 2H2O
how would your calculated value for the molecular weight of your unknown been affected if a small quantity of the unknown stuck to the metal stirring rod and failed to dissolve in the benzophenone?
To calculate the value for the molecular weight of your unknown been affected if a small quantity of the unknown stuck to the metal stirring rod and failed to dissolve in the benzophenone following is the process:
Your mass of counted solute added to the detergent would be lower than the recorded value performing in a lower temperature change grounded on mass of solute. A lower temperature change will affect in a lower number of calculated intelligencers of solute present. This will give a advanced molar mass for your unknown compared to the real molar mass( lower number of intelligencers divided into the mass of solute gives a larger molar mass).
These two scenarios are predicated on a solute-solvent mixture's lower freezing-point (or melting-point) as compared to pure solvent. A nonelectrolyte solute's equation is:
ΔTf = Kfm
Kf is the solvent's specific molal freezing-point depression constant, and m is the molality of the solution mixture.
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Determine the vapor pressure (in torr) of a substance at 36°C, whose normal boiling point is 84°C and has a ΔHvap of 22.1 kJ/mol.
The vapor pressure (in torr) of the substance at 36°C is 7.11 torr.
What is vapor pressure?Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency of a liquid or solid to evaporate into a gas. It is the pressure of the gaseous form of a chemical that is in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form at a certain temperature.
The vapor pressure (in torr) of a substance at 36°C can be determined by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which states that the change in vapor pressure (ΔP) is equal to the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap) divided by the ideal-gas constant (R) multiplied by the absolute temperature (T) and the natural logarithm of the ratio of the vapor pressure at the boiling point (Pb) divided by the vapor pressure at the current temperature (P).
Therefore, the vapor pressure of the substance at 36°C can be calculated as follows:
ΔP = (ΔHvap/R) * (T/ln(Pb/P))
ΔP = (22.1 kJ/mol/8.314 J/mol/K) * (309.15 K/ln(Pb/P))
ΔP = 2.68 * (309.15 K/ln(Pb/P))
P = Pb/e^(2.68 * (309.15 K/T))
P = 101.3 torr/e^(2.68 * (309.15 K/309.15 K))
P = 101.3 torr/e^2.68
P = 101.3 torr/14.24
P = 7.11 torr
Therefore, the vapor pressure (in torr) of the substance at 36°C is 7.11 torr.
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write the ground-state electron configuration for calcium, ca.
the electron configuration for calcium can be written as:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
The atomic number of calcium is 20, indicating that it has 20 electrons. The ground-state electron configuration for calcium can be written using the following rules: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
The first number before each sub-shell indicates the principal quantum number (n), while the letter indicates the type of sub-shell (s, p, d, or f) and the superscript indicates the number of electrons in that sub-shell. Therefore, the electron configuration for calcium can be written as:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2. Electronic configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in the orbitals of an atom or ion. It describes the arrangement of electrons in the electron shells or energy levels and subshells or orbitals of an atom or ion.
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if you have a 100mm solution of the weak acid (pka of 7.3) that was at a ph of 7.3 and you added 250mm koh, what would the new ph be? (assume the volume is constant)
The new pH of the solution after the addition of 250 mM of KOH is approximately 11.6.
To solve this problem, we need to use the equation that relates the pH of a solution to the dissociation constant (pKa) of a weak acid and the ratio of the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base. We can use this equation to calculate the initial concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base, then use the stoichiometry of the reaction between the weak acid and the strong base to calculate the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base after the addition of KOH. Finally, we can use the same equation to calculate the new pH.
The equation we need to use is:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid.
First, we can use the initial pH of 7.3 to calculate the initial concentration of the weak acid using the following equation:
pH = -log[H+]
[H+] = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-7.3) = 5.01 x 10^(-8) M
Since the initial pH is equal to the pKa of the weak acid, we know that half of the weak acid has dissociated into its conjugate base, so the initial concentration of the weak acid is equal to the initial concentration of the conjugate base:
[HA] = [A-] = 5.01 x 10^(-8) / 2 = 2.505 x 10^(-8) M
When we add 250 mM of KOH to the solution, it will react with the weak acid to form its conjugate base and water:
HA + OH- → A- + H2O
The stoichiometry of the reaction tells us that the concentration of the weak acid will decrease by the same amount that the concentration of the conjugate base increases. If we assume that the total volume of the solution is 100 mL, then the final volume of the solution will be 350 mL, and the concentration of KOH will be:
[OH-] = 250 mM / 350 mL = 0.714 M
At the end of the reaction, the concentration of the conjugate base will be:
[A-] = [HA]initial + [OH-] = 2.505 x 10^(-8) M + 0.714 M = 0.714 M
The concentration of the weak acid will be:
[HA] = [OH-] = 0.714 M
Now we can use the same equation as before to calculate the new pH:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) = 7.3 + log(0.714/2.505x10^-8) ≈ 11.6
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can you guys help me with these things??? please!
The balanced reaction equation is; NH4Cl (aq) → NH3 (aq) + HCl (aq)
The temperature was increasing by 1 degree.
How do you balance reaction equation?
Balancing a chemical reaction equation involves making sure that the same number of each type of atom appears on both the reactant and product side of the equation. This is necessary because the law of conservation of mass states that the total amount of matter in a system must remain constant.
To balance a chemical reaction equation, follow these steps:
Write the unbalanced equation
Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
Add coefficients (numbers in front of molecules) to the reactants or products to make the number of atoms of each element the same on both sides of the equation.
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On your own: Complete the following 3 calculations that are not in the Gizmo.
2 C2H6 + 7 O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
A. How many grams of ethane (C2H6) will be required to react with 175 g of oxygen (O2)?
B. How many grams of carbon dioxide (CO2) will be produced when 9. 85 x 1024 molecules of ethane (C2H6) reacts completely with excess oxygen (O2)?
C. How many molecules of water (H2O) will be produced with 36. 60 g of carbon dioxide (CO2)?
for the following chemical reaction, A-164g B- 144.32 g of carbon dioxide are produced and C- 7.483 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules of water are produced.
A. According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 molecules of ethane (C2H6) react with 7 molecules of oxygen (O2) to produce 4 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 6 molecules of water (H2O). So, for every 7 moles of oxygen, 2 moles of ethane will be required.
Therefore, the number of moles of ethane required to react with 175 g of oxygen can be calculated as follows:
moles of O2 = 175 g / 32 g/mol = 5.47 moles
moles of C2H6 = 5.47 moles O2 / 7 moles O2/2 moles C2H6 = 0.784 moles C2H6
One mole of ethane contains 6.022 x[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules, so 9.85 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] molecules of ethane is equal to:
moles of C2H6 = 9.85 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] molecules / 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules/mol = 1.64 moles C2H6
B- According to the balanced equation, 4 moles of CO2 are produced per 2 moles of C2H6. Hence, the number of moles of CO2 produced can be calculated as follows:
moles of CO2 = 1.64 moles C2H6 * 4 moles CO2 / 2 moles C2H6 = 3.28 moles CO2grams of CO2 = 3.28 moles CO2 * 44 g/mol = 144.32 g
C. To find the number of molecules of water produced, we first need to determine the number of moles of CO2 that have reacted.
moles of CO2 = 36.60 g / 44 g/mol = 0.832 moles\
moles of H2O = 0.832 moles CO2 * 6 moles H2O / 4 moles CO2 = 1.248 moles H2Omolecules of H2O = 1.248 moles H2O * 6.022 x[tex]10^{23}[/tex]molecules/mol = 7.483 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]molecules.
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How many grams are 7. 00 x 10^22 molecules of NaOH?
The mass of 7,00 × 10²² NaOH molecules is 4,64 gram. 7,00 × 10²² NaOH molecules equal 0.116 moles NaOH.
To find out the mass of 7,00 × 10²² NaOH molecules you can use the following steps
Step 1: The first step is to calculate the number of moles of the compound.
mol = number of particles ÷ Avogadro's number
= 7,00 × 10²² ÷ 6,022 × 10²³
= 0,116 mol
Step 2: The next step is to calculate the mass of the molecules.
mass = mol × relative molecular mass
= 0,116 mol × 40 gram/mol
= 4,64 gram
So the mass of 7,00 × 10²² NaOH molecules is 4,64 gram.
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suppose that, in a given reaction, the enthalpy (h) increases by 10 units, and the disorder (ts) increases by 12 units. by how many units did the gibbs free energy change?
we cannot determine the exact value of ∆G, but we can say that it decreased as a result of the increase in entropy
The Gibbs free energy change (∆G) Determination
The Gibbs free energy change (∆G) is related to the enthalpy change (∆H) and the entropy change (∆S) through the equation:
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
where T is the temperature in Kelvin.
In this case, we know that ∆H = 10 units and ∆S = 12 units. However, we do not know the temperature, so we cannot calculate ∆G exactly.
We can, however, make some general statements about the sign and magnitude of ∆G. Since ∆H is positive (indicating an endothermic reaction) and ∆S is positive (indicating an increase in disorder), the sign of ∆G will depend on the temperature. At low temperatures, the positive ∆H term will dominate, and ∆G will be positive. At high temperatures, the negative T∆S term will dominate, and ∆G will be negative. At some intermediate temperature, ∆G will be zero, and the reaction will be at equilibrium.
Therefore, we cannot determine the exact value of ∆G, but we can say that it decreased as a result of the increase in entropy.
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calculate the maximum numbers of moles and grams of iodic acid (hio3) that can form when 373 g of iodine trichloride reacts with 140.5 g of water:
Number of moles of Iodic acid is 1.59 moles and the number of moles of Water is 7.80 moles.
Iodic acid that can form when 373 g of iodine trichloride reacts with 140.5 g of water
The balanced chemical equation is,
2ICl₃ + 3H₂O → ICI + HIO₃ + 5HCl
Mass of Iodine trichloride is 373 g.
Mass of H₂O is 140.5 g.
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
molar mass of ICl3 is 233.5g/mole.
molar mass of water is 18g/mole.
Number of moles of ICl₃ = 373g / 233.5g/mole
= 1.59 moles
Number of moles of H₂O = 140.5 g / 18g/mole
= 7.80 moles
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The characteristic odor of pineapple is due to a compound known as ethyl butyrate. Combustion of 2.78 mg of ethyl butyrate produces 6.32 mg CO
2 and 2.58 mg H2O.
a. What is the empirical formula of this compound?
b. In a separate experiment, the molar mass was determined to be about 115 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of ethyl butyrate?
A. The empirical formula of the compound is [tex]C_{3} H_{6} O[/tex].
B. The molecular formula of ethyl butyrate [tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{2}[/tex]
The empirical formula of a chemical compound is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound. The molecular formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element making up the compound. It may be similar to the molecular formula of the compound. In the combustion of 2.78 mg of ethyl butyrate produces 6.32 mg CO2 and 2.58 mg H2O. In the one millimole of carbon dioxide, there is 1 millimole of carbon. So, in 44.01 mg of carbon dioxide there is 12.01 mg of carbon. Likewise there is 2 mole of hydrogen in every mole of water. So, in 18.02 mg of water there is 2.02 mg of hydrogen since the molar mass of hydrogen is 1.01 mg/mole. The molecular formula of the compound can be written as C6H12O2.
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I need help with these questions Lewis Diagrams
The diagrams known as Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.
Structure Lewis structures are diagrams that show the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. They are also referred to as Lewis dot structures or electron dot structures. The valence electrons of atoms and molecules, whether they reside as lone pairs or within bonds, can be seen using these Lewis symbols and structures.A single bond is defined as one shared pair of electrons. Eight valence electrons engage with each Cl atom: six are in lone pairs and two are in a single bond.For more information on Lewis structure kindly visit to
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Which piece of laboratory equipment is used to make precise measurement of only one volume?
a. beaker
b. graduated cylinder
c. volumetric flask
d. test tube
e. eudiometer
The volumetric flask is used in titration, a process used to determine the unknown concentration of a known solution
The volumetric flask is a glassware piece of laboratory equipment that is used to make precise volume measurements of a liquid. It is also known as a 'measuring flask', and consists of a tapered conical body with a long neck and a flat bottom. The bottom of the flask is usually marked with a calibration mark, which can be used to determine the exact volume of the liquid inside. The volumetric flask is used in titration, a process used to determine the unknown concentration of a known solution. A burette, filled with the known solution, is used to slowly add the solution to the volumetric flask, containing the unknown solution. As the burette is slowly releasing the solution, a color change will take place as the concentration of the unknown solution is reached. A full reading of the volume in the volumetric flask is then taken, which can be used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution.
The volumetric flask is also used in general laboratory tasks such as diluting solutions and transferring liquids. The accuracy of the volumetric flask is based on its calibration mark and the accuracy of the liquid inside. It is important to properly clean and store the volumetric flask to ensure accuracy in future measurements.
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what is the name of the subatomic particles that can increase or reduce size & mass?
The size and mass of an atom are determined by the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons it contains and can increase or reduce size & mass.
Protons and neutrons are the subatomic particles responsible for most of the mass of an atom. Protons have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu), while neutrons have a slightly larger mass of approximately 1.008 amu. Electrons, on the other hand, have a much smaller mass of approximately 0.0005 amu.
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom determines its atomic mass, which is the sum of the masses of all its protons and neutrons. The number of electrons determines the chemical properties of an atom and how it interacts with other atoms.
In summary, subatomic particles, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons, do not have the ability to increase or decrease the size and mass of an atom. Rather, they determine the fundamental properties of an atom, including its size, mass, and chemical behaviour.
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A 10-kg rock falls from a height of 8.0 m above the
ground. What is the potential energy of the rock?
What signals represent in a 1H NMR spectrum?
In a 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum, signals represent different types of hydrogen atoms in a molecule. Each signal represents a group of hydrogen atoms that are chemically equivalent, meaning they have the same chemical environment and experience the same magnetic field.
In a 1H NMR spectrum, the position of each signal is determined by the chemical shift, which is a measure of the deviation of the hydrogen atom's magnetic environment from that of a reference compound. The chemical shift is reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to the reference, usually tetramethylsilane (TMS).The intensity of each signal in the 1H NMR spectrum represents the number of hydrogen atoms in each chemically equivalent group. A strong signal in the 1H NMR spectrum indicates a large number of hydrogen atoms, while a weak signal indicates a smaller number of hydrogen atoms.
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AgCl is found to have 78.1% ionic character, and its gas phase dipole moment is 11.5 D. What is the distance between the Ag and Cl atoms in gaseous AgCl in picometers?
Since the dipole moment of gaseous AgCl is 11.5 D and the ionic character of AgCl is 78.1%, we can assume that the magnitude of the partial charge is 0.781.
What is magnitude ?Magnitude is a measure of the size, strength, or intensity of something. It can refer to physical objects, such as earthquakes, or abstract concepts, such as numbers or emotions. In physical sciences, magnitude is typically used to measure an object's size, intensity, or speed. In mathematics, magnitude is often used to indicate the size of a number, usually expressed as the absolute value. Magnitude is also used to describe the size of an emotion or feeling, such as happiness or sadness.
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