The Eurocurrency market is a financial market where multinational companies can borrow, invest and lend money in a currency other than the currency of the country where they are domiciled.
Which type of market is it?It is a market where international currencies, like the US dollar, euro, and yen, are deposited outside the country where the currency was issued and traded outside the jurisdiction of any one country.
Banks are the primary players in the Eurocurrency market, and they use the deposits to lend money to international corporations for short-term investments and financing as well as for currency hedging.
Corporations and governments also use the market to access capital, which can be a cheaper source of funds than the domestic market since the rates are often more attractive.
The Eurocurrency market has become more widespread in the 21st century due to globalization and the ease of electronic communication and transactions.
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The Simulated Work Company made the following production data available for their manufacturing process responsible for supply of packaging to the KraftBrew Company. (see Addendum A): (Work to 2 decimal places) • The average Customer Requirements are: 96,200 boxes per month (44,100 Top and 52,100 Bottom units). The Simulated Work Company works 2 shifts per day. 26 days per month. Each shift is 10 hours and There are 45 minutes planned downtime per shift. Note: All cycle times provided are per box. Note: A special coating is applied to the boxes, which takes 5 hours per 600 boxes 3.1 Calculate the Takt time for The Simulated Work Company (in seconds). (2) With the aid of the timeline on Addendum A, calculate the following for The Simulated Work Company: 3.2 The production lead time (in days) (3) 3.3 The processing time (in seconds) (3) 3.4 Calculate the optimal manning for the Simulated Work Company. (2) 3.5 Graphically represent the cycle times for Kreisler's manufacturing process and indicate the TAKT time on the graph (below) (You can construct your own graph) (5) 3.6 As the Industrial Engineer for The Simulated Work Company, identify which process you will select for improvement first (motivate your answer). (1) 3.7 What other Kaizen opportunities exist within The Simulated Work Company process? Identify two (2) and prioritize in descending order. (2) Addendum A 30,000 SUPPLIER KWIKPRESS BOX COMPANY per week DECOIL 2 Machines Shared C/T = 15 s C/O = 40 min UIT = 90% Scrap=4% A 2.500 (Top) 6.500 (Bottom) 47 ORDER CUT 1 One station 02 C/T = 55 C/O=20 min U/T = 90% Scrap=2% 125% RESEA 6.000 (Top) 4,000 (Bottom) Production Contral Monthly Plan Logistics Weekly Schedule CUT 2 One station 02 C/T-40 s C/O = 5 min U/T = 80% Scrap = 3% 7 5.500 (Top) 3.000 (Bottom) Daily ship Schedule ORDER FOLD 1 Machine 04 C/T-95 s C/O=15 min U/T-70% Scrap = 1% 4.250 (Top) 4,500 (Bottom) COAT BOX 1 coating booth 2 C/T=5 hrs/600 C/O= 45 min U/T = 90% Scrap = 5% Z 15.000 (Top) 13,000 Bottom) KraftBrow (Customer) Monthly Demand (Boxes) 44,100 (TOP) 52,100 (BOTTOM) SHIPPING 0 3 Daily
45/60 is the conversion of the allotted downtime each shift of 45 minutes into hours.
3.1) Calculation of Takt time
Takt time = (Working days x working hours x 60) / Customer requirements
Takt time = (26 x (20 – (45/60)) x 60) / 96200 = 32.05 seconds
Note: 45/60 is the 45 minutes planned downtime per shift converted to hours
3.2) Calculation of Production lead time
Production lead time = processing time + waiting time + move time + inspection time Production lead time = 95.50 + 3.00 + 5.00 + 4.00 = 107.50 / 480 (minutes per shift) = 0.22 shifts + 0.87 days = 1.09 days or 1.1 days (1 day 2.4 hours)
3.3) Calculation of Processing time
Processing time = sum of all machine cycle times (C/T) per box Processing time = 2.5 + 55 + 40 + 95 + 15 + (5 x 600 / 3600) = 105.17 seconds or 105 seconds
Note: The units of cycle time are in seconds per box. Therefore, the unit of processing time is also seconds.
3.4) Calculation of Optimal manning
Optimal manning = (Daily operating time x required output per day) / (Daily available operating time x production rate)Optimal manning = (9 hours 15 minutes x 96200) / (10 hours x 60 x 85.17) = 11.03 or 12 people (rounded up to the nearest integer)Note: 85.17 is the number of seconds per box calculated as shown below85.17 = (26 days x (20 – (45/60)) x 60 x 60) / (96,200 boxes per month)
3.6) Process selection for improvement
In order to select a process for improvement, the IE needs to look at the bottleneck process. Based on the data available, the bottleneck process is the DECOIL 2 machine. Therefore, this process should be selected for improvement first.
3.7) Kaizen opportunities
Two potential Kaizen opportunities are the order cut process and the COAT BOX process. Prioritization should be based on the impact on the overall production process. Therefore, the order cut process should be prioritized first, followed by the COAT BOX process.
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(1%) Which of the following statements are correct? i) The production possibility frontier is steeper at the right end than the left because some resources are better suited to make some products than others. ii) Perfectly inelastic demand is a horizontal line. iii) The production possibility frontier illustrates how much of each product is manufactured in the economy. iv) Inflation causes higher interest rates. v) The production of consumer goods and capital goods will always occur on the production possibility curve. A) i, ii, iii & v B) i, iii & v C) ii, iii & iv D) ii, iv & v E) i & iii
i, iii & v.
It is steeper at the right end because resources are typically specialized and better suited to produce certain goods more efficiently than others.
i) The production possibility frontier (PPF) represents the maximum combination of goods an economy can produce with its available resources and technology.
iii) The production possibility frontier illustrates the different combinations of products that can be manufactured in the economy given its resources and technology. It shows the trade-off between producing one good versus another.
v) The production of consumer goods and capital goods can occur on the production possibility curve, which represents the efficient allocation of resources. However, if the economy is not operating at full efficiency, the production may occur below the curve.
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Task 2: Explain the three different types of non-reporting entities and their key characteristics (approx. 50 words)
Task 3: There are several different methods of presenting financial data. Provide the advantages and disadvantages of at least three methods. (approx. 100 words)
Non-reporting entities refer to entities that are not required to comply with certain reporting and disclosure requirements imposed on publicly traded companies.
These entities may have different characteristics and levels of reporting obligations. Here are three types of non-reporting entities and their key characteristics:
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs):
SMEs are typically privately held businesses that operate on a smaller scale compared to large corporations.
They have fewer reporting requirements compared to publicly traded companies.
The specific criteria for defining an SME may vary by jurisdiction, but it generally includes factors such as annual revenue, total assets, and number of employees.
SMEs may follow simplified accounting and reporting standards, such as the International Financial Reporting Standards for SMEs (IFRS for SMEs) or country-specific regulations designed for smaller businesses.
The focus of their reporting is often on providing relevant and meaningful information to stakeholders, such as owners, investors, lenders, and tax authorities.
Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs):
NPOs are entities that operate for purposes other than making a profit, such as charitable, educational, religious, or social causes.
They are often exempt from income tax and have specific reporting requirements tailored to their non-profit nature.
NPOs may follow accounting standards specifically designed for the non-profit sector, such as the Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities (FRSSE) in the UK or the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) for non-profit organizations in the United States.
Their financial reports typically focus on providing information about the organization's mission, programs, funding sources, and use of resources.
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1)Equipment was purchased on January 1, 2019 for $800,000. At the time of its purchase, the equipment was estimated to have a useful life of ten years and a salvage value of $80,000. The equipment was depreciated using the straight-line method of depreciation through 2021. At the beginning of 2022, the estimate of useful life was revised to a total life of twelve years and the expected salvage value was changed to $0. The amount to be recorded for depreciation for 2022 is?
The amount to be recorded for depreciation for 2022 is $48,666.67.
Using the straight-line method of depreciation, the annual depreciation expense of the equipment is calculated as follows:
Cost of equipment - Expected salvage value
= $800,000 - $80,000
= $720,000
Depreciation expense per year = $720,000 ÷ 10 years
= $72,000 per year
Depreciation expense for 2019, 2020, and 2021 would be $72,000 each year.
At the beginning of 2022, the estimate of useful life was revised to a total life of twelve years and the expected salvage value was changed to $0. To calculate the depreciation expense for 2022, we need to determine the carrying value of the equipment at the beginning of the year:
Carrying value at beginning of 2022 = Cost of equipment - Accumulated depreciation
= $800,000 - ($72,000 x 3)
= $584,000
The remaining depreciable cost (i.e., the cost of the asset that has not yet been depreciated) is $584,000. With a new useful life of 12 years, the annual depreciation expense in 2022 and subsequent years will be:
Depreciation expense per year = Remaining depreciable cost ÷ Remaining useful life
= $584,000 ÷ 12 years
= $48,666.67
Therefore, the amount to be recorded for depreciation for 2022 is $48,666.67.
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The following is a partial computer output of a Multiple regression analysis of a data set containing ten sets of observations on the dependent variable, SALES (= sales volume in thousands of dollars), and two independent variables, ADVT (= advertising expenditure in thousands of dollars) and REPS (= number of sales representatives).
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Source DF SS MS
Regression 2 321.11 160.55
Residual Error 7 63.39 9.05
Total 9 384.50
What is the numerical value of R2?
a) 83.51%
b) 78.79%
c) 77.72%
d) 98.75%
e) 100.00%
The numerical value of R2 formula: R2 = (SS Regression) / (SS Total).
Plugging these values into formula:[tex]R2 = 321.11 / 384.50 = 0.8351.[/tex]
To convert this to a percentage, multiply by 100 [tex]R2 = 0.8351 * 100 ≈ 83.51%[/tex]. So The correct answer is (a) 83.51%.
In the context of statistical analysis, regression refers to a statistical model used to examine the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. It aims to find the best-fitting line or curve that represents the relationship between the variables. The regression model estimates the coefficients that quantify the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. It is used to make predictions or understand the influence of the independent variables on the outcome variable in various fields such as economics, social sciences, and business analytics.
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Which app has been shown to be the most used? Yelp, Foursquare,
Eat24/ Grubhub, Urban Spoon, Zagat, Open Table , Local eats ,
Dining grades, Find , Eat, Drink and Restaurant finder.
In the recent past, the restaurant industry has experienced a significant shift towards digital services such as online reservations, delivery, and online menus. This shift has been facilitated by mobile applications such as Yelp, Foursquare, Eat24/ Grubhub, Urban Spoon, Zagat, Open Table, Local Eats, Dining Grades, Find, Eat, Drink, and Restaurant Finder.
These applications have made it easier for customers to locate restaurants, view menus and reviews, make reservations, and order delivery. In this regard, there is no single application that has been shown to be the most used, as it depends on the context. For example, some of these applications such as Open Table are used for making restaurant reservations, while others such as GrubHub are used for ordering food delivery.
Nonetheless, Yelp is one of the most popular applications, with over 100 million unique visitors each month, making it a critical tool for restaurant owners to manage their online reputation and boost their online presence. Overall, it's important for restaurant owners to have a presence on multiple applications to reach a broader audience and cater to the different needs of their customers.
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Compare the main features of the ‘Pluralist theory’ and Marxist theory of employment relations. In doing so, discuss their similar and different features? Give examples from any overseas or Pacific Island country to support each of your main points.
The Pluralist theory and Marxist theory are two distinct perspectives that offer different explanations and understandings of employment relations.
Pluralist Theory:
Assumptions: Pluralist theory assumes that employment relations involve multiple stakeholders with diverse interests, including employers, employees, trade unions, and government. It emphasizes the existence of a balance of power and recognizes the legitimacy of competing interests.
Power Distribution: Pluralist theory views power as distributed among different actors in the employment relationship. It assumes that negotiation and collective bargaining between employers and employees, facilitated by trade unions and workplace institutions, lead to mutually agreed-upon outcomes.
Conflict Resolution: Pluralist theory emphasizes the importance of resolving conflicts through mechanisms such as collective bargaining, arbitration, and mediation. It assumes that conflicts between employers and employees are natural and can be managed through established procedures.
Example: Australia's employment relations system reflects pluralist principles. The Fair Work Act of 2009 establishes a framework for collective bargaining, minimum employment standards, and dispute resolution. Trade unions play a significant role in representing workers' interests and negotiating enterprise agreements.
Marxist Theory:
Assumptions: Marxist theory views employment relations through the lens of class struggle and the exploitation of labor. It assumes that the employment relationship is inherently unequal and serves the interests of the capitalist class, resulting in the alienation and commodification of workers.
Capitalist Relations: Marxist theory focuses on the relationship between capital owners (employers) and workers. It argues that capitalists exploit the surplus value generated by labor, resulting in social inequality and class conflict.
Revolution and Transformation: Marxist theory advocates for revolutionary change and the establishment of a socialist society, where the means of production are collectively owned and workers have greater control over their labor. It sees collective action by workers as a key driver for change.
Example: Cuba provides an example of a country influenced by Marxist principles in its employment relations. The Cuban government, guided by Marxist ideology, abolished private ownership of businesses and established a socialist system where the state controls the means of production. Trade unions in Cuba are aligned with the state and play a significant role in mobilizing and representing workers' interests.
While both Pluralist theory and Marxist theory provide frameworks for understanding employment relations, they differ in their underlying assumptions and perspectives. Pluralist theory emphasizes the existence of multiple stakeholders, negotiation, and conflict resolution, while Marxist theory focuses on the unequal power dynamics between capitalists and workers and advocates for revolutionary change. Examples from countries like Australia (Pluralist) and Cuba (Marxist) illustrate how these theories have influenced employment relations systems in different contexts. Understanding the features of each theory helps to analyze the complexities of employment relations and the diverse perspectives that shape them.
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Turnover 306,500
Cost of sales 260,000
Gross Profit 46,500
Selling, General and Administration Expenses 14000
Operating Profit 32,500
Investment Income 5,000
Net Profit on Ordinary activities before Interest and Tax 37,500
Interest expense 4,000
Net Profit before Tax 33,500
Taxation 3,000
Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax 30,500
Extra- Ordinary item(Net Insurance Proceeds from flood disaster settlement) 1800
Net Profit transferred to income Surplus 32,300
The given data represents a financial statement of a company.
The income statement of the company can be prepared using the given data. The company's turnover is $306,500$, cost of sales is $260,000$, gross profit is $46,500$, selling, general, and administration expenses are $14,000$, and operating profit is $32,500$. The investment income of the company is $5,000$, and net profit on ordinary activities before interest and tax is $37,500$.The company's interest expense is $4,000$, and net profit before tax is $33,500$. The company's taxation is $3,000$, and net profit on ordinary activities after tax is $30,500$.The company's net insurance proceeds from flood disaster settlement is $1,800$, and net profit transferred to the income surplus is $32,300$.Therefore, the net profit on ordinary activities after tax is $30,500$ and the net insurance proceeds from flood disaster settlement is $1,800$. Hence, the net profit transferred to the income surplus is $30,500 + $1,800 = $32,300.
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Net Profit transferred to income Surplus 32,300To compute,Operating Profit, we need to deduct Selling, General and Administration Expenses from the Gross Profit.
Therefore, Operating Profit will be = Gross Profit - Selling, General and Administration Expenses= 46,500 - 14,000= 32,500To compute,Net Profit before Tax, we need to deduct Interest expense from Operating Profit. Therefore, Net Profit before Tax will be= Operating Profit - Interest expense= 32,500 - 4,000= 28,500To compute,Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax, we need to deduct Taxation from Net Profit before Tax. Therefore, Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax will be= Net Profit before Tax - Taxation= 28,500 - 3,000= 25,500Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax also includes an Extraordinary item(Net Insurance Proceeds from flood disaster settlement) of $1,800. So,Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax and Extraordinary item will be= Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax + Extraordinary item= 25,500 + 1,800= 27,300To compute,Net Profit transferred to income Surplus, we need to add Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax and Extraordinary item to Investment Income. Therefore,Net Profit transferred to income Surplus will be= Net Profit on ordinary activities after Tax and Extraordinary item + Investment Income= 27,300 + 5,000= 32,300Therefore,Net Profit transferred to income Surplus is $32,300.
Net Profit transferred to income Surplus is $32,300.
The Recovery: Utilizing the Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply framework describe what has happened during the recovery from the recession from May 2020 (Q2 2020) to the present March 2022 has happened to real GDP since the end of the recession in Q2 of 2020? How about inflation and unemployment? How big is the gap between actual and potential real GDP? Describe the current state of the economy relative to real potential GDP (Links to an external site.).
The aggregate demand/aggregate supply (AD/AS) framework is a useful tool for analyzing how the macroeconomy's components affect one another and affect overall economic performance. The AD/AS framework's main goal is to help us understand how different elements of the economy interact to create macroeconomic growth. Let's examine what has happened in the economy since May 2020 (Q2 2020) and March 2022.
The United States experienced a significant economic contraction during the COVID-19 epidemic, with real GDP decreasing by more than 9% between Q4 2019 and Q2 2020. Real GDP has now risen by roughly 12% since the end of the recession in Q2 2020, indicating a strong economic recovery. The COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on both inflation and unemployment in the United States. Inflation decreased significantly throughout the COVID-19 epidemic due to a decrease in aggregate demand. Inflation has increased in recent months, however, and is presently slightly over 5% as of June 2021. The unemployment rate reached nearly 15% in April 2020 before dropping to around 6% by June 2021.
The difference between actual and potential real GDP is called the output gap. The output gap measures the percentage deviation of real GDP from its potential level, which is the level of GDP that would be produced if all inputs were utilized effectively and at a stable inflation rate. The output gap was very negative at the height of the COVID-19 epidemic, with real GDP far below its potential level. Since then, the output gap has closed significantly, with real GDP reaching around 4% below potential by June 2021.
The United States' macroeconomy has recovered substantially since May 2020, as measured by real GDP. Despite some minor inflationary pressure and a moderate level of unemployment, the economy appears to be relatively stable at present, with real GDP nearing its potential level. Therefore, the economy is currently operating at a level that is relatively close to its full capacity, according to real potential GDP.
The United States experienced a significant economic contraction during the COVID-19 epidemic, with real GDP decreasing by more than 9% between Q4 2019 and Q2 2020. However, Real GDP has now risen by roughly 12% since the end of the recession in Q2 2020, indicating a strong economic recovery. Although GDP growth was robust in Q3 and Q4 2020, at 33.4% and 4.3%, respectively, growth in Q1 2021 slowed to just 6.4%. Inflation has decreased throughout the COVID-19 epidemic due to a decrease in aggregate demand. Inflation has increased in recent months, however, and is presently slightly over 5% as of June 2021. Inflation is expected to return to near the Federal Reserve's 2% target over time, but it may remain elevated in the short term.
The unemployment rate reached nearly 15% in April 2020 before dropping to around 6% by June 2021. Unemployment rates differ significantly depending on race and ethnicity. The COVID-19 epidemic has disproportionately impacted minorities, with Black and Hispanic/Latino communities experiencing significantly higher job losses than non-Hispanic white communities. The unemployment rate is expected to continue to decrease in the coming months as the economy recovers.
The output gap, which is the difference between actual and potential real GDP, has been very negative at the height of the COVID-19 epidemic, with real GDP far below its potential level. Since then, the output gap has closed significantly, with real GDP reaching around 4% below potential by June 2021. Real potential GDP, which is the level of GDP that would be produced if all inputs were utilized effectively and at a stable inflation rate, was estimated to be approximately $21.4 trillion in Q1 2021. Therefore, the economy is currently operating at a level that is relatively close to its full capacity, according to real potential GDP.
The United States' macroeconomy has recovered substantially since May 2020, as measured by real GDP. Despite some minor inflationary pressure and a moderate level of unemployment, the economy appears to be relatively stable at present, with real GDP nearing its potential level. Therefore, the economy is currently operating at a level that is relatively close to its full capacity, according to real potential GDP.
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The Trading Asso Vocabulary acquired by the firm for future sale Inventories and stocks are raw materials or goods that have b but have not yet been sold. Revenues are monies from the sale of goods, or Price x Quantity Sales can be a money value or a unit depending on context but revenues are always a money amount The trading account shows GROSS PROFIT. It is the first section of the income Statement Gross indicates that nothing has been subtracted. Gross Profit is profit without any subtractions, Le. with expenses still included. When compared with revenue, it indicates the role or impact of direct costs on business profits. Gross profit is the difference between the sales revenue and the cost to the business of its sales Revenues from Sales minus Cost of Goods equals Gross Profit $xxxxx $xxXxXxx Revenue from sales is the income earned from the sale of goods (trading activity) Cost of sales means the direct costs needed to earn the revenues. Cost of goods has effectively the same meaning as cost of sales. The two terms are used interchangeably, both refer to direct costs. Cost of goods is the direct cost of producing or buying the goods sold during the period. Opening Stock plus New Stock $1000x -XX minus Closing Stock equals Cost of Goods Problem Set 1 a. A business has inventories (stock) worth $700 at the start of a trading period. It purchased $300 additional inventories. At the end of the period it had $200 worth of inventories. What is CoGs? b. A business used $1000 worth of materials and paid workers $1500 to earn $5000 during a trading period. What is Cos? c. A firm valued its opening stock at $3000 and made additional purchases of $1000 during the period that followed. If its CoGs was $2000, what is the value of closing inventory? d. A business had opening inventories of $20 000 and purchased 55 000 new items. The closing inventory was $7 000. If it had sales revenues of $15 000, what was CoGs? What gross profit was earned during the period? e. A business had closing inventories of $2 000 and opening inventories of $3000 with additional purchases of $500 made during the period. If Sales of $1000 were booked, how much Gross Profit did the firm make?
a. the closing stock is COGS = $800. b. Cost of Sales (COS) is the sum of the cost of materials and labor expenses COS = $2500. c. the formula for COGS $2000 = Closing Stock. d. Gross Profit can be calculated by subtracting COGS from Sales Revenues Gross Profit = -$53,000.
a. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) can be calculated by adding the opening stock, purchases, and subtracting the closing stock:
COGS = Opening Stock + Purchases - Closing Stock
COGS = $700 + $300 - $200
COGS = $800
b. Cost of Sales (COS) is the sum of the cost of materials and labor expenses:
COS = Cost of Materials + Labor Expenses
COS = $1000 + $1500
COS = $2500
c. To find the value of the closing inventory, we can rearrange the formula for COGS:
Closing Stock = Opening Stock + Purchases - COGS
$200 = $3000 + $1000 - $2000
$2000 = Closing Stock
d. COGS can be calculated by adding the opening inventory, purchases, and subtracting the closing inventory:
COGS = Opening Inventory + Purchases - Closing Inventory
COGS = $20,000 + $55,000 - $7,000
COGS = $68,000
Gross Profit can be calculated by subtracting COGS from Sales Revenues:
Gross Profit = Sales Revenues - COGS
Gross Profit = $15,000 - $68,000
Gross Profit = -$53,000 (a negative value indicates a loss)
e. To calculate Gross Profit, we need to subtract the closing inventories from the sum of opening inventories and purchases, and then subtract this from the sales:
Gross Profit = Sales - (Opening Inventories + Purchases - Closing Inventories)
Gross Profit = $1,000 - ($3,000 + $500 - $2,000)
Gross Profit = $1,000 - $1,500
Gross Profit = -$500 (a negative value indicates a loss)
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The asset that results from the payment of expenses in advance is ____
The asset that results from the payment of expenses in advance is Prepaid expenses.
Prepaid expenses are current assets that are paid for in advance and will be recognized as expenses in the future. They represent expenses paid for by an organization but have not yet been used or consumed. In order to recognize the prepaid expense as an expense, the expense must be incurred during the period. The prepaid expense will remain as an asset until it is recognized as an expense in the future.
When a company pays for expenses in advance, such as prepaid rent, prepaid insurance, or prepaid services, it creates a prepaid expense asset on its balance sheet. This asset represents the portion of the payment that has not yet been consumed or utilized. Over time, as the expenses are incurred or the services are rendered, the prepaid expense is gradually recognized as an expense on the income statement. The remaining portion of the prepaid expense is then reduced until it is fully utilized, at which point it no longer appears on the balance sheet.
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Firm Tezla produces the product QuickCar. Annual demand for QuickCar is 600 units per year on a continuous basis. The product has inventory holding costs of $30 per unit per year and order costs of $300 per order. It takes 30 days to receive a shipment after an order is placed. Calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ). O a. 110 units O b. 44 units Oc. 77 units O d. 60 units
Option (e), The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the quantity to be ordered that minimizes the total annual inventory costs of the firm. It involves ordering sufficient stock to satisfy the demand between two successive orders.
The given information is
Annual demand = 600 units
Inventory holding cost = $30 per unit per year
Order cost = $300 per order
Lead time = 30 days
Here, the economic order quantity (EOQ) can be calculated by using the formula:
EOQ = √((2 × D × S) / H)
Where,
D = Annual demand = 600 units
S = Order cost = $300
H = Inventory holding cost = $30 per unit per year× 365 days = $10950 per year
Now,
EOQ = √((2 × 600 × 300) / 10950)
EOQ = √40
EOQ = 6.32 ≈ 6 units
Therefore, the main answer is option E: 6 units.
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a. Gagnon's Autobody purchases new spray-painting equipment. The supplier gives the company 60 days to pay. ASSETS = LIABLITIES + SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
Increased (Equiment) = Account Payable (Increased ) + + Shareholders Equity
Equipment Debit & Account Payable Credi
b. The company pays for the spray-painting equipment that was purchased above.
ASSETS = LIABLITIES + SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
Cash (Decreased ) = Account Payable (Decreased ) + Shareholders Equity
Cash Credit & Account Payable Debit
c. Supplies such as paint and putty are purchased for cash.
The correct journal entry for the transaction is cash credit and supplies debit.
(a) To record the transaction when Gagnon's Autobody purchases new spray-painting equipment and the supplier gives the company 60 days to pay, the following accounting equation is used: Increased (Equipment) = Account Payable (Increased) + Shareholders' Equity Equipment debit and account payable credit is the correct journal entry for the above transaction. The given transaction can also be expressed as follows: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity Equipment + Account Payable = Shareholders' Equity(b) When the company pays for the spray-painting equipment that was purchased above, the following accounting equation is used: Cash (decreased) = Account Payable (decreased) + Shareholders' Equity The correct journal entry for the transaction is cash credit and account payable debit.(c) To record the transaction of purchasing supplies such as paint and putty for cash, the following accounting equation is used: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity Cash + Supplies = Shareholders' Equity. The correct journal entry for the transaction is cash credit and supplies debit.
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What is Hyundai strategy in China? Global Standardization or
localisation or transnational?
Please explain in paragraph minimum 400 words
Do not spam, otherwise I will report
Hyundai Motor Group is a multinational conglomerate that is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company was established in 1967 and has since become one of the world's largest automakers. Hyundai has been active in China for several years now and has established itself as one of the leading automobile manufacturers in the country.
Hyundai's strategy in China is primarily focused on localization. The company has recognized the importance of the Chinese market and has made significant investments in research and development, manufacturing, and marketing. Hyundai has established a number of joint ventures with local Chinese companies in order to better understand the local market and to develop products that are tailored to the needs of Chinese consumers.
One of the key elements of Hyundai's localization strategy in China is the development of unique products that are designed specifically for Chinese consumers. Hyundai has invested heavily in research and development in order to better understand the needs of Chinese consumers and to develop products that are tailored to their preferences. This has allowed the company to differentiate itself from its competitors and gain a competitive advantage in the Chinese market.
Another important element of Hyundai's strategy in China is its focus on building strong partnerships with local Chinese companies. The company has established a number of joint ventures with local partners in order to better understand the local market and develop products that are tailored to the needs of Chinese consumers. This has allowed Hyundai to gain access to local expertise and to build strong relationships with key stakeholders in the Chinese market.
Overall, Hyundai's strategy in China is focused on localization. The company has recognized the importance of the Chinese market and has made significant investments in research and development, manufacturing, and marketing in order to better understand the local market and develop products that are tailored to the needs of Chinese consumers. By developing unique products and building strong partnerships with local Chinese companies, Hyundai has been able to gain a competitive advantage in the Chinese market and establish itself as one of the leading automobile manufacturers in the country.
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As an alternative to the used automobile in Problem 10, the student can purchase a new "utility" model for $13,600 with a 3-year warranty. First-year maintenance cost is expected to be $50 and the maintenance cost will increase by $50 per year thereafter. Operation costs for this new automobile are expected to be $960 for each year of use and its salvage value decreases by 20% per year. What is the economic advantage of the new automobile without interest; with interest at 10%?
The economic advantage of the new automobile can be evaluated by comparing its costs and salvage value with those of the used automobile. Without interest, the new automobile has an economic advantage of $1,100. With interest at 10%, the economic advantage decreases to $520.
To determine the economic advantage, we need to compare the costs and salvage value of the new automobile with those of the used automobile. The new automobile has a purchase cost of $13,600 and maintenance costs increasing by $50 per year. The operation costs for each year are $960, and the salvage value decreases by 20% per year.
Without interest, the total cost of owning the new automobile over three years is $16,660, while the total cost of owning the used automobile is $15,560, resulting in an economic advantage of $1,100 for the new automobile.
With interest at 10%, the total cost of owning the new automobile increases to $18,756, while the total cost of owning the used automobile remains the same. In this case, the economic advantage of the new automobile is reduced to $520.
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Lean Accounting Westgate Inc. uses a lean manufacturing strategy to manufacture DVR (digital video recorder) players. The company manufactures DVR players through a single product cell. The budgeted conversion cost for the year is $658,800 for 1,830 production hours. Each unit requires 12 minutes of cell process time. During March, 910 DVR players were manufactured in the cell. The materials cost per unit is $72. The following summary transactions took place during March: 1. Materials were purchased for March production. 2. Conversion costs were applied to production. 3. 910 DVR players were assembled and placed in finished goods. 4, 860 DVR players were sold for $255 per unit. a. Determine the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour. If required, round to the nearest dollar. per hour b. Determine the budgeted cell conversion cost. $____ per unit. If required, round to the nearest dollar. $____per unit
The budgeted cell conversion cost per hour is $360 per hour, and the budgeted cell conversion cost per unit is $72 per unit.
To determine the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour and per unit, we need to use the given information and perform calculations based on the data provided.
Given data:
Budgeted conversion cost for the year: $658,800Production hours: 1,830Number of DVR players manufactured in March: 910To calculate the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour:
Budgeted cell conversion cost per hour = Budgeted conversion cost for the year / Production hours
Budgeted cell conversion cost per hour = $658,800 / 1,830
Budgeted cell conversion cost per hour ≈ $360 per hour
To calculate the budgeted cell conversion cost per unit:
First, we need to determine the total conversion cost for the units manufactured in March:
Total conversion cost for March = Budgeted cell conversion cost per hour * Cell process time per unit * Number of units manufactured
Total conversion cost for March = $360 per hour * (12 minutes / 60 minutes) * 910 units
Total conversion cost for March = $360 per hour * 0.2 hours * 910 units
Total conversion cost for March = $72 * 910 units
Total conversion cost for March = $65,520
Next, we divide the total conversion cost by the number of units manufactured to get the budgeted cell conversion cost per unit:
Budgeted cell conversion cost per unit = Total conversion cost for March / Number of units manufactured
Budgeted cell conversion cost per unit = $65,520 / 910 units
Budgeted cell conversion cost per unit ≈ $72 per unit
Therefore, the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour is $360 per hour, and the budgeted cell conversion cost per unit is $72 per unit.
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A local municipality is considering promoting tourism in the city. It will cost $20.000 to develop a plan. The anticipated annual benefits and costs are as follows: Annual benefits: Increased local income and tax collections Annual support service costs: Parking lot expansion, rest room,patrol car and street repair $112,500 $62,500 If the city uses a discount rate of 12% and a study period of ten years, what is the B/C ratio for this project,is this project justifiable according to the benefit-cost analysis? A) This project is justifiable based on the benefit-cost analysis B) This project is not justifiable based on the benefit-cost analysis C) It is ambiguous. D Answers AB and C are not correct
A local municipality is considering promoting tourism in the city. The B/C ratio for this project is this project justifiable according to the benefit-cost analysis is This project is justifiable based on benefit-cost analysis. The correct option is A.
The cost to develop a plan = $20,000
Annual benefits = Increased local income and tax collections = $112,500
Annual support service costs: Parking lot expansion, restroom, patrol car, and street repair = $62,500
Discount rate = 12%Study period = 10 years
Calculation of B/C ratio:
Net present value (NPV) of the benefits:
NPV = $112,500 {(1-1/(1+0.12)^10)/0.12} = $695,242.75
NPV of the costs :
NPV = $62,500 {(1-1/(1+0.12)^10)/0.12} = $387,143.88
Net Present Value (NPV) of the project:
NPV = -$20,000 + $695,242.75 - $387,143.88 = $288,098.87
Benefit-cost ratio (B/C) = NPV of benefits / NPV of costs = $695,242.75/$387,143.88 = 1.795.
The benefit-cost ratio for this project is 1.795. This project is justifiable based on the benefit-cost analysis since the B/C ratio is greater than 1. Option: A) This project is justifiable based on the benefit-cost analysis.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE? OA. At the production point, the production possibility frontier is sloping upward B. At the production point, the production possibility frontier is a straight line OC. At the production point, the production possibility frontier must be tangent to a line whose slope is minus the price of cloth divided by that of food. OD. At the production point, the production possibility frontier is sloping downward.
The correct statement is OD. At the production point, the production possibility frontier is sloping downward.
The production possibility frontier (PPF) represents the maximum combinations of goods that can be produced given the available resources and technology. The slope of the PPF reflects the opportunity cost of producing one good in terms of the other.
In this case, a downward-sloping PPF indicates that as more of one good is produced, there is an opportunity cost in terms of the other good. This is because resources are limited, and producing more of one good requires diverting resources away from the production of the other good.
Option A (At the production point, the production possibility frontier is sloping upward) is incorrect because an upward-sloping PPF would suggest that as more of one good is produced, the opportunity cost decreases.
Option B (At the production point, the production possibility frontier is a straight line) is incorrect because a straight line PPF would indicate a constant opportunity cost for producing the two goods, which is unlikely in most real-world scenarios.
Option C (At the production point, the production possibility frontier must be tangent to a line whose slope is minus the price of cloth divided by that of food) is incorrect because it introduces the concept of prices, which is not necessarily related to the slope of the PPF. Prices are not explicitly mentioned in the given scenario.
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Chuck, a single taxpayer, earns $79,300 in taxable income and $14,700 in interest from an investment in City of Heflin bonds. (Use the U.S tax rate schedule.)
Required:
How much federal tax will he owe?
What is his average tax rate?
What is his effective tax rate?
What is his current marginal tax rate?
Chuck, a single taxpayer, will owe $11,529 in federal tax.
Chuck's average tax rate is 14.54%.
His effective tax rate is 14.59%.
Chuck's current marginal tax rate is 22%.
How much federal tax does Chuck owe on his income and investment?In the United States, federal tax rates are progressive, meaning they increase as taxable income rises. To determine Chuck's federal tax liability, we can refer to the U.S. tax rate schedule. Based on his taxable income of $79,300, Chuck falls into the 22% tax bracket.
To calculate his federal tax, we need to consider both his taxable income and the interest he earned from his City of Heflin bonds. The interest income is included in Chuck's taxable income and subject to taxation. Using the applicable tax rates for each bracket, we find that Chuck's federal tax liability is $11,529.
Chuck's average tax rate is the ratio of his total tax liability to his taxable income. In this case, his average tax rate is 14.54% ($11,529 divided by $79,300).
The effective tax rate, on the other hand, takes into account all taxes paid, including any credits or deductions. It represents the actual percentage of total income that goes towards taxes. In Chuck's case, his effective tax rate is 14.59%.
Lastly, the marginal tax rate refers to the tax rate applied to the last dollar of taxable income earned. Chuck's current marginal tax rate is 22%, indicating that any additional income he earns will be taxed at this rate.
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Document for Analysis and Revision Please do the following: Read the poorly written email below • Re-write (revise) the email Post your work to this Discussion After you post your re-write, read the post of one other person in the class "Reply" to their post and include a constructive comment, pointing out one thing you think they did well in their revision (Please read the tips on constructive feedback are summarized in Chapter 2 Table 2.1 of the textbook) Here are some questions to ask yourself to guide your revision work and ensure you apply the chapter content as you revise What is the real phypose of this message? Could you make it more "direct"? Which words and phrases are overly complicated, clichéd, too informal, or overly formal? Could you replace them with more simple, familiar words or phrases? Which sentences or words are overly negative? Could they be positively phrased? Are there "/we" (writer-focused) sentences that could be rewritten with a "you" (audience-focused) attitude? This email is to Therese a Rwandan maker of very well-made and stylish home decor items World Styles is writing to Therese because they want to sell Therese's products on their website. However, Therese is very careful about where they showcase their products Below is the original email, you can see it needs revising! Our online store, World Styles, specializes in only the very best items for discerning customers who want their home spaces to look sensational. We regularly search worldwide looking for items that are good enough and well-built enough and classy enough-good enough that is to take their place alongside the hundreds of other carefully selected items that we show on the pages of our award-winning website, www workplacestyles.com We shoot for the stars, as the saying goes, every time we select a product to include in our catalogue, we don't want to waste our time with less valuable products that might sell half a dozen units per year --no, we want every product to be a hugely humungous success, selling at least one hundred units per specific model per year in order to justify our expense and hassle factor in adding it to the above mentioned portfolio. After careful consideration, we thusly concluded that your amazing products meet our needs and would therefore like to add it
World Styles sends an inquiry email to Therese, expressing interest in showcasing her home decor items on their online store due to their high quality and potential for success.
Subject: World Styles Partnership Inquiry
Dear Therese,
I hope this email finds you well. We at World Styles have recently come across your beautifully crafted home decor items and believe they would make a great addition to our online store. Our website, www.workplacestyles.com, is dedicated to showcasing high-quality, stylish products for our discerning customers who appreciate unique and well-designed home furnishings.
We have carefully reviewed your products and are confident that they align with our commitment to offering exceptional items to our audience. Our goal is to feature products that can achieve significant success on our platform, selling at least one hundred units per specific model per year.
We understand that you are selective about where you showcase your products, and we want to assure you that World Styles shares your dedication to quality and excellence. We would be honored to discuss the possibility of selling your home decor items on our website.
Please let us know if you would be interested in exploring a potential partnership. We are more than happy to provide any additional information you may require and discuss the next steps.
Thank you for considering World Styles as a platform for your exquisite home decor items. We look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
[Your Title]
World Styles
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Should the United States today follow a strategy of simple,
full openness to international trade, or a more protectionist
strategy that tries to support American firms in international
trade?
be sure
The United States today should adopt a strategy of balanced openness to international trade rather than leaning towards extreme protectionism or complete free trade.
A balanced approach considers the benefits of international trade while also addressing the potential challenges and protecting domestic industries. International trade offers various advantages such as increased consumer choices, access to foreign markets for American firms, and opportunities for economic growth through specialization. However, it is crucial to recognize that certain industries may face competition from foreign companies, potentially leading to job displacement or negative economic impacts in specific regions.
By promoting free trade, the United States can benefit from global economic integration and tap into the advantages of specialization and comparative advantage. However, it is also essential to implement measures to protect American industries and workers, such as investing in workforce development and supporting domestic firms to remain competitive in the global market.
A balanced approach recognizes the importance of international trade for economic growth and consumer welfare while taking steps to mitigate negative consequences. This strategy involves maintaining open trade relations, negotiating fair trade agreements, protecting intellectual property rights, enforcing trade laws, and providing support to domestic industries when needed.
Ultimately, finding the right balance between openness and protectionism is a complex task that requires considering both domestic and international factors, as well as the long-term interests of the United States and its citizens.
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Question 5.
On 1 January 2021 Corgi Ltd issued a £5m convertible bond at nominal value. There were no issue costs. The bond is redeemable at par on 1 January 2024 or bond holders can convert their bond into ordinary shares, with a nominal value of £1. The terms of the conversion are 2 shares for every £100 of bond.
The coupon rate on the bond is 10%, payable annually in arrears. Bonds issued by similar entities without the conversion rights bear interest at 15%.
Page 5 of 6
.
Required
a) Explain, including calculations, how the issue of the bond would be accounted for by Corgi at 1 January 2021. You should also state the journal entry at this date. 12 marks
b) Explain why the bond will be remeasured to amortised cost at 31 December 2021, rather than to fair value, 4 marks
c) Show the journal entries for the year end remeasurement, stating clearly the
position of each entry in the appropriate financial statement.
d) Explain simply what an expected credit loss is, how it is measured and why an expected credit loss adjustment is not required at 31 December 2021.
Note: Provide answers to the nearest £
Total 25 marks
a) At 1 January 2021, Corgi Ltd would account for the bond issuance by recognizing a liability equal to the nominal value of the bond, which is £5 million. The corresponding entry would be to record the cash received from the bond issuance, also £5 million.
b) The bond will be remeasured to amortized cost at 31 December 2021 instead of fair value because the bond includes a conversion option. According to accounting standards, convertible bonds with significant equity conversion features are classified as compound financial instruments and are measured at amortized cost unless fair value is more reliably measurable.
c) Journal entries for the year-end remeasurement would include:
Recording interest expense based on the coupon rate multiplied by the carrying amount of the bond.
Recognizing the amortization of any premium or discount on the bond.
Adjusting the carrying amount of the bond for any interest expense or amortization.
These entries would be recorded in the income statement and the balance sheet.
d) An expected credit loss refers to the estimated probability of a financial asset (such as a bond) not being fully collected. It is measured by considering historical data, current market conditions, and potential future events that may impact the creditworthiness of the bond issuer. An expected credit loss adjustment is not required on 31 December 2021 because the bond is considered to have no credit risk, as it is issued by Corgi Ltd itself. Therefore, the expected credit loss adjustment is not applicable as there is no significant risk of non-payment by the bond issuer.
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Joe's utility function is is U(q1, 92) = 91° 10.8q20.2.The price of good 1 is 6.000 and the price of good 2 is 10. If his income is $50, how much of good 2 does he buy? Your Answer: Answer
To determine how much of good 2 Joe buys, we need to find the optimal quantity that maximizes his utility function given his budget constraint.
The budget constraint is given by: p1q1 + p2q2 = I, where p1 and p2 are the prices of goods 1 and 2 respectively, q1 and q2 are the quantities of goods 1 and 2 consumed, and I is Joe's income.
In this case, p1 = 6, p2 = 10, and I = $50.
To find the optimal quantity of good 2, we can use the marginal utility approach. We calculate the marginal utility of good 2 (MU2) and divide it by the price of good 2 (p2). The optimal quantity is where MU2/p2 = MU1/p1.
The marginal utility of good 2 is given by the partial derivative of the utility function with respect to q2: MU2 = ∂U/∂q2 = 10.8 * 0.2 * q2^(-0.8) = 2.16/q2^0.8.
Now, let's plug in the values and solve for q2:
2.16/q2^0.8 = 6/10
Cross-multiplying and simplifying, we get:
10 * 2.16 = 6 * q2^0.8
21.6 = 6 * q2^0.8
Dividing both sides by 6, we have:
q2^0.8 = 21.6/6
Taking both sides to the power of (1/0.8), we get:
q2 ≈ (21.6/6)^(1/0.8)
Calculating the value, we find:
q2 ≈ 2.55
Therefore, Joe buys approximately 2.55 units of good 2.
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Choose from the following list of terms/phrases to best complete the statements below. 1. to the capital account. 2. closed. 3. Permanent accounts report on activities related to carry their ending ba
Permanent accounts report on activities related to carry their ending balances forward to the next accounting period.
The term "to the capital account" is used to indicate that a transaction or adjustment affects the capital account of a business entity.
The term "closed" refers to the process of transferring the balances of temporary accounts, such as revenue and expense accounts, to the retained earnings account at the end of an accounting period.
Permanent accounts, also known as real accounts, are accounts whose balances are not closed at the end of an accounting period. These accounts include asset, liability, and equity accounts. Their ending balances are carried forward to the next accounting period.
When a transaction or adjustment is recorded "to the capital account," it means that it has an impact on the owner's equity or the shareholders' equity of a business. The capital account represents the investments made by the owner or shareholders in the business and any changes to it directly affect their ownership interests.
The process of closing accounts is done at the end of an accounting period to reset temporary accounts to zero and transfer their balances to the retained earnings account. This is done to prepare the accounts for the next accounting period and to calculate the net income or loss for the current period.
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Onassis Catering is a Greek company that provides passenger and crew meals to airlines operating out of two international airports in Athens and Corfu. The operations at the two airports are managed separately, and top management believes that there may be benefits to greater sharing of information between the two operations.
Onassis Catering is a Greek company that provides passenger and crew meals to airlines operating out of two international airports in Athens and Corfu. The operations at the two airports are managed separately, and top management believes that there may be benefits to greater sharing of information between the two operations.
Sharing of information between two separate operations can lead to various benefits, especially in the aviation industry. The primary advantage of information sharing in Onassis Catering is that it would enable them to streamline their processes, reduce operational costs, and improve customer service. By integrating the processes of the two operations, the company could use its resources more efficiently, leading to cost savings. Besides, sharing data between the two operations could improve customer service by providing a more comprehensive understanding of their customers' needs and preferences.In addition to the above, sharing information between two separate operations could lead to better decision-making. Since both the Athens and Corfu operations have their own strengths and weaknesses, sharing information between the two would enable them to make more informed decisions and avoid making mistakes. By doing so, the company would be able to make better use of its resources and improve overall performance. Finally, sharing information between the two operations could lead to better coordination. When the Athens and Corfu operations are better coordinated, they would be able to provide a more consistent level of service to their customers, regardless of their location. This would enhance the company's reputation and help it to build a stronger customer base.
In conclusion, information sharing between the Athens and Corfu operations of Onassis Catering could lead to several benefits. These include the streamlining of processes, reduction of operational costs, improvement of customer service, better decision-making, and improved coordination. By leveraging these advantages, the company could strengthen its competitive position in the aviation industry and improve overall performance.
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Deacon Company provides you with following information related to payroll transactions for the month of May. Prepare journal entries to record the transactions for May.
Office Salaries
Sales Salaries
Social Security
Taxes
Medicare Taxes
Federal Income Taxes
$38,000
$26,000
$3,968
$928
$5,600
a. Recorded the May payroll using the payroll register information given above.
b. Recorded the employer's payroll taxes resulting from the May payroll. The state unemployment tax rate is 5.4% of the first $7,000 paid each employee. Only $42,000 of the current month's salaries are subject to unemployment taxes. The federal rate is 0.6%.
c. Issued a check to Reliant Bank in payment of the May FICA and employee taxes.
d. Issued a check to the state for the payment of the SUTA taxes for the month of May.
e. Issued a check to Reliant Bank in payment of the employer's quarterly FUTA taxes for the first quarter in the amount of $1,020.
a. Office Salaries Expense $38,000
Sales Salaries Expense $26,000
Sοcial Security Taxes Payable $3,968
Medicare Taxes Payable $928
Federal Incοme Taxes Payable $5,600
Cash $68,496
b. Payrοll Tax Expense $2,268
Sοcial Security Taxes Payable $2,040
Medicare Taxes Payable $228
c. Sοcial Security Taxes Payable $3,968
Medicare Taxes Payable $928
Cash $4,896
d. State Unemplοyment Taxes Payable $2,268
Cash $2,268
e. Federal Unemplοyment Taxes Payable $1,020
Cash $1,020
How to recοrd the May payrοll?a. Tο recοrd the May payrοll using the given infοrmatiοn, we need tο debit the respective expense accοunts and credit the liability accοunts. Assuming there are nο οther deductiοns οr withhοldings, the jοurnal entries wοuld be as fοllοws:
Office Salaries Expense $38,000
Sales Salaries Expense $26,000
Sοcial Security Taxes Payable $3,968
Medicare Taxes Payable $928
Federal Incοme Taxes Payable $5,600
Cash $68,496
b. Tο recοrd the emplοyer's payrοll taxes resulting frοm the May payrοll, we need tο calculate and recοrd the respective liability accοunts. The jοurnal entry wοuld be as fοllοws:
Payrοll Tax Expense $2,268
Sοcial Security Taxes Payable $2,040
Medicare Taxes Payable $228
c. Tο recοrd the payment tο Reliant Bank fοr the May FICA and emplοyee taxes, we need tο debit the respective liability accοunts and credit the Cash accοunt. The jοurnal entry wοuld be as fοllοws:
Sοcial Security Taxes Payable $3,968
Medicare Taxes Payable $928
Cash $4,896
d. Tο recοrd the payment tο the state fοr the SUTA taxes fοr the mοnth οf May, we need tο debit the respective liability accοunt and credit the Cash accοunt. The jοurnal entry wοuld be as fοllοws:
State Unemplοyment Taxes Payable $2,268
Cash $2,268
e. Tο recοrd the payment tο Reliant Bank fοr the emplοyer's quarterly FUTA taxes fοr the first quarter, we need tο debit the respective liability accοunt and credit the Cash accοunt. The jοurnal entry wοuld be as fοllοws:
Federal Unemplοyment Taxes Payable $1,020
Cash $1,020
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A junior portfolio manager has been asked to establish a fund that will be worth $175 million in four years' time. Her supervisor has suggested to her that an appropriate investment would be 5-year 15% coupon bonds at a yield of 7.6% pa. Although the junior manager has some knowledge of bonds, she does not understand the reason for this suggestion. Why suggest a 5-year bond maturity when the money is really needed in 4 years?
(a) Explain the reason to the junior manager in simple terms.
(b) How much should she invest to establish the fund? What annual coupon interest will this investment produce? If the par value of one bond is $10 million, how many actual bonds should be bought?
(c) Immediately after the fund is established, yields increase by 100 basis points. Show that, if no further yield shifts occur, the fund will still achieve its original target in four years’ time.
The reason for suggesting a 5-year bond maturity when the money is needed in 4 years is to ensure that the fund's value is protected and that it has enough time to grow.
By investing in a bond with a longer maturity, the portfolio manager can take advantage of higher coupon payments and potentially higher returns compared to shorter-term bonds. The 5-year bond will provide a steady stream of coupon interest payments over the investment period, which can contribute to the growth of the fund.
(b) To establish the fund worth $175 million in four years' time, the junior manager needs to calculate the amount she should invest. We can use the present value formula to determine the investment amount:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Yield)^n
Where:
Future Value = $175 million
Yield = 7.6% per annum
n = 4 years
Present Value = $175 million / (1 + 0.076)^4
Present Value = $134,067,457.96
Therefore, the junior manager should invest approximately $134,067,457.96 to establish the fund.
To calculate the annual coupon interest, we can multiply the investment amount by the coupon rate:
Annual Coupon Interest = Investment Amount * Coupon Rate
Assuming the coupon rate is 15% per annum:
Annual Coupon Interest = $134,067,457.96 * 0.15
Annual Coupon Interest = $20,110,118.79
To determine the number of actual bonds that should be bought, we divide the investment amount by the par value of one bond:
Number of Bonds = Investment Amount / Par Value of One Bond
Number of Bonds = $134,067,457.96 / $10 million
Number of Bonds = 13.4067
Since we cannot buy a fraction of a bond, the junior manager should buy 14 bonds.
(c) If the yields increase by 100 basis points (1%), the bond prices will decrease. However, as the fund has a 4-year investment horizon, the bonds will still have sufficient time to recover their value before maturity. The bond prices may fluctuate in the interim due to the yield increase, but as long as the bonds are held until maturity, they will still provide the original target value of $175 million in four years' time. The impact of yield changes on bond prices is more relevant for investors who plan to sell their bonds before maturity.
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Consider the case of Bob’s Bakery. Bob’s uses two inputs to make loaves of bread: labour (bakers) and capital (ovens). Suppose the firm’s rental payments on ovens add up to $40 a day. It can produce between 100 and 300 loaves per day in batches of 50. Suppose that if the firm produces 100 loaves in a day, its labour cost (wages for bakers) is $500. Suppose that when the firm produces an extra 50 loaves a day, its labour cost rises by $200. Summarise this information in a table with the following column headings:
The labour cost increases by $200 for every additional 50 loaves produced per day, while the capital cost remains constant at $40 per day.
Here is a table summarizing the information for Bob's Bakery:
Quantity of Loaves (per day) Labour Cost (wages for bakers) Capital Cost (oven rental)
100 $500 $40
150 $700 $40
200 $900 $40
250 $1100 $40
300 $1300 $40
In this table, the quantity of loaves represents the daily production level, the labour cost indicates the wages paid to the bakers, and the capital cost represents the rental payments for the ovens. The labour cost increases by $200 for every additional 50 loaves produced per day, while the capital cost remains constant at $40 per day.
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Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The sociological definition for the term 'free-rider' is: O A. An individual who pays a fine for littering. O B. A citizen who never uses public transportation. O C. All of the above. O D. A tax-paying citizen who uses public transportation daily. O E. An individual who acquires a good or service without paying any costs.
The sociological definition for the term 'free-rider' is:
E. An individual who acquires a good or service without paying any costs.
In sociology, a free-rider refers to someone who benefits from a public good or service without contributing to its cost or provision. Free-riders take advantage of the collective efforts and resources of others without bearing their fair share of the costs.
This concept is often discussed in the context of public goods, which are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that once provided, they are available to all individuals and one person's consumption does not diminish its availability to others. Free-riding behavior can undermine the sustainability and effectiveness of public goods and can pose challenges for collective action and cooperation.
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[10 MARKS] Consider a standard Cournot model with 26 firms. The inverse demand is P = 400 - 2Q and every firm's cost of producing a quantity q is 40q. (a) [5 MARKS] What is the minimum number of firms that need to merge for the merger to be profitable? (b) [5 MARKS] Suppose that a number of firms equal to what you found in (a) merge. How much profit does the merger generate for the firms involved? Note: If you did not find an answer in (a), use 24.
Price becomes a function of quantity demanded in the case of an inverse demand curve. The inverse of a demand curve, this indicates that variations in the amount required cause changes in price levels.
An inverse demand function in economics is the opposite of a demand function. Price is seen as a function of quantity according to the inverse demand function.
The quantity demanded, Q, is a function of price (the demand function), while the inverse demand function, which also goes by the name price function, treats price as a function of quantity demanded: The demand function that may be seen in the well-known Marshallian Scissors diagram is known as the inverse demand function.
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