The expression of genes in eukaryotic cells can be controlled at all of the following stages of protein synthesis except b) DNA processing
Gene expression is controlled in eukaryotic cells at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In particular, gene expression is regulated at two levels. First, transcription is controlled by limiting the amount of mRNA produced by a particular gene. The second level of control is through post-transcriptional events that regulate the translation of mRNA into protein. In eukaryotic cells, the first level of regulation of gene expression occurs at the epigenetic level. Epigenetic mechanisms can control access to chromosomal regions to turn genes on or off.
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if you have inserted a gene in the ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is
A) transformation of coli with Ti plasmid.
B) splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
C) transformation of an animal cell.
D) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
E) inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.
If you have inserted a gene in the ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is D) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
For the purpose of producing transgenic plants, the Ti-plasmid's capacity to alter plant cells has been utilized. The plasmids are no longer pathogenic to plants because they have been transformed into a cloning vector.
Agrobacterium's Ti plasmid can cause plants to develop tumors. After being appropriately modified, this plasmid can be utilized as a cloning vector for the purpose of delivering a gene of interest to animals and plants.
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what would be the next step when an edta specimen had an automated platelet count of 61,000/mm3 and the platelets were surrounding the neutrophils on the differential?
The next step when an EDTA specimen had automated platelet count of 61,000/mm3 and the platelets were surrounding the neutrophils on the differential : recollect specimen for a platelet count without using EDTA.
What is platelet count?Platelets are cells that helps in your blood clot. Low platelet count might be a sign of certain cancers or infections. And high platelet count can put you at risk of harmful blood clots or stroke.
Low platelet level can have causes that are not due to underlying disease. Examples may be pregnancy, altitude, or medication side effects. If platelet count is too high, then blood clots can form in blood vessels and this can block blood flow through your body.
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the plants in a biome grow very tall. which statement most likely describes the abiotic factors in the biome?(1 point) responses the biome receives abundant sunlight. the biome receives abundant sunlight. the biome has very cold temperatures year round. the biome has very cold temperatures year round. the biome has limited rainfall. the biome has limited rainfall. the biome's soil lacks nutrients. the biome's soil lacks nutrients.
Trees growing tall indicates an abundance of sunlight in the biome. The correct response is that the biome receives abundant sunlight.
Plant growth is dependent on various factors like sunlight, water and temperature, and nutrients from the soil. The absence or extreme of any can be detrimental to growth.
Plants like other organisms require sunlight as they develop. Abundance of sunlight promotes higher rates of photosynthesis, providing an opportunity for increased growth of the trees.
Cold temperatures year round inhibit the growth of the trees and lead to stunted growth. This is why trees in tropical regions are taller than the trees in tundra and taiga regions.
As the plant grows it requires water. Water is required for the conduction of nutrients, in photosynthesis and also in the cells to maintain their viability. Limited rainfall would make the trees be able to support a smaller biomass, that is, they would not grow very tall.
If the soil is not fertile it cannot support the growth of trees, as trees grow they require nutrients majorly NPK and other macro and micronutrients. In fertile soil leads to stunted growth.
Considering all the nutrients required, limitation rain and nutrients stunt the growth same is true for the trees facing extreme cold temperatures year-long. Abundance of sunlight with ample nutrients and optimum conditions does however lead to taller growth in trees.
Therefore if the trees in that region grow tall, it likely receives abundant sunlight.
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Is selection adaptive or nonadaptive?
The evolution of large genomic networks is shaped over many generations by a variety of factors.
These are divided into two categories: adaptive forces like natural selection and non-adaptive forces like recombination, genetic drift, and random mutation.
Individuals with beneficial qualities are able to reproduce successfully through natural selection. These characteristics are passed on to future generations. Adaptive evolution refers to evolution in which modifications are driven by natural selection.
Natural selection is adaptive evolution because it acts to enhance the frequency of beneficial alleles and traits while decreasing the frequency of detrimental qualities.
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what would interfere with the binding of estrogen to the estrogen receptor?
Selective estrogen receptor modulators would interfere with the binding of estrogen to the estrogen receptor.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are nonsteroidal medications that work as adversaries or agonists to the estrogen receptor. These medications are frequently recommended to treat or forestall bosom disease. They can likewise direct menopausal side effects.
(SERMs) is contained a wide assortment of mixtures that specifically tie and enact estrogen receptors (emergency rooms) in tissues. These medications vary from estrogens in both strength and particularity, and their method of activity is profoundly tissue-explicit. This permits them to give estrogenic impacts in the designated tissues while keeping away from unfriendly impacts related with estrogen receptors.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) work by repressing the activities of estrogen on bosom malignant growth cells. SERMs tie to the trama center receptor and instigate explicit conformational changes. These progressions are significant for the dimerization of the emergency room, which influences its limiting to co-factors. Now and again, the emergency room SERM complex can tie straightforwardly to the ERE or to other transcriptional themes.
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HELP ME PLSSSS
plasma membrane summary including
Brownian motion
Concentración
Diffusion
Ósmosis
Solute
The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a thin layer of lipids and proteins that surrounds and encloses the contents of a cell. It plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
One key aspect of the plasma membrane is its ability to allow for diffusion, a process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This is driven by Brownian motion, the random movement of molecules due to collisions with other molecules.
Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion that occurs in liquid solutions. It is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
The solute is the dissolved substance in the solution, and the concentration of the solute can also affect osmosis. A higher concentration of solute will result in a lower concentration of water, and vice versa. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it can control which molecules can pass through, which allows the cell to maintain the proper balance of water and solutes inside and outside the cell.
scientific hypotheses must be testable. applying this criterion, are cuvier's explanation of the fossil record and lamarack's hypothesis of evolution scientific? explain your answer in each case.
By this criterion, Cuvier's explanation of the fossil record and Lamarck's idea of evolution are both scientific. Cuvier believed that species did not change throughout time.
Cuvier also proposed that extinctions in certain locations were triggered by rapid, catastrophic catastrophes, and that such areas were eventually repopulated by a new group of species that moved from other areas. These claims may be checked against the fossil record, and his claim that species do not evolve has been proven false. Lamarck's concept of use and disuse, for example, may be used to establish testable predictions for fossils of groups such as whale forebears as they adapted to a new home. Lamarck's notion of use and disuse, as well as his linked principle of the inheritance of experienced features, can be tested directly in live creatures; both have been proved to be erroneous.
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The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during ______. a. forced inspiration b. forced expiration c. normal inspiration
The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during forced inspiration.
In order to expand the lung's volume during forced inspiration, the scalene and other neck muscles contract and raise the thoracic wall. The abdominal accessory muscles, including the obliques, contract during forced expiration, pushing the internal organs up into the diaphragm. During forced breathing, additional muscles are used to quickly expand and compress the thoracic cavity volume. It generally happens during exercise.
Exercise helps you maintain a healthy weight, reduces your risk of disease, and makes it easier for you to complete daily tasks. It also improves the health of your bones and muscles. Within starting an exercise programme, increased productivity becomes apparent after a few weeks. People who prioritise their health and fitness and exercise regularly have greater energy and focus.
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by altering metabolism, which gland can have a sizable effect on personality with overactivity of this gland causing excitability and nervousness and underactivity of this gland causing one to be lethargic and sleepy?
By altering metabolism, thyroid gland can have a sizable effect on personality with overactivity of this gland causing excitability and nervousness and underactivity of this gland causing one to be lethargic and sleepy.
To clarify, the thyroid gland is an endocrine (i.e., ductless) gland that is situated near the windpipe. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are among the hormones produced by this gland. The overactivity of this gland is a symptom of hyperthyroidism. The involvement of this gland is related to the disorder known as hypothyroidism. A crucial hormone gland, the thyroid gland is important for the growth, development, and metabolism of the human body. By continuously releasing a regular amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, it aids in the regulation of numerous bodily processes. The thyroid gland creates hormones that control the body's metabolic rate, which affects bone growth and maintenance, heart, muscle, and digestive function.
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Which of the following provides the information necessary to stipulate a protein's 3- D shape? a. side chains of various amino acids b. number of water molecules in the vicinity c. sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain d. peptide bonds between different amino acids
The correct option is B ; Number of water molecules in the vicinity ,A protein molecule has hydrogen bonds. The folded polypeptide chain forms many hydrogen bonds with neighboring areas, which aid in stabilizing its three-dimensional structure.
The information required to determine a protein's three-dimensional structure is included in the amino acid sequence of the protein. When the protein starts to fold, the ordering of the amino acids enables certain amino acids to interact noncovalently with other amino acids.
The folding and intramolecular bonding of the linear amino acid chain, which ultimately creates the protein's distinctive three-dimensional form, are driven by the main structure of a protein, which is its amino acid sequence.
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Which of the choices is a characteristic of meiotic cell division?
A) Cell division results in the production of gametes.
B) Meiotic cell division requires two rounds of DNA replication.
C) Meiotic cell division ultimately results in the formation of two cells.
D) The cells produced by meiosis are genetically identical.
Answer: A) Cell division results in the production of gametes
Explanation:
Gametes are the specialized cells formed by the gonad which contain half the number of chromosomes (haploid). It is formed by the process of meiosis.
Meiotic cell division results in the production of gametes. Therefore, A) Cell division results in the production of gametes.
Explanation:The characteristic of meiotic cell division from the given choices is A) Cell division results in the production of gametes. Meiotic cell division is a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive cells, such as sperm and eggs, and leads to the formation of haploid gametes. During meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division, resulting in the production of four haploid cells.
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help me please i need this soon
Answer: 15: It has to occur because without the merging of 2 reproductive cells, the result would be offspring having 2 times the usual number of chromosomes.
16: true
17: true
Explanation: I apologize if I didn't understand or got it wrong, i also tried to paraphrase so no hate pls ty
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sense receptors are biological transducers, which means that they question 50 options: a) select from a broad range of stimulation. b) convert one form of energy to another. c) detect only a limited range of energies. d) analyze the environment into important features.
Sense receptors are biological transducers, which means that they convert one form of energy to another.
A biological transducer is a device or mechanism in a living organism that converts one form of energy into another. Examples of biological transducers include sensory receptors, which convert physical stimuli such as light, sound, or pressure into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system, and muscle cells, which convert chemical energy from the breakdown of molecules into mechanical energy for movement. Other examples include hair cells in the ear and light sensitive cells in the eyes. Overall, biological transducer play an important role in sensing the environment and responding to it in living organisms.
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steelhead fish are predators of predatory insects, which in turn feed on midge larvae. the midge larvae feed on algae. if you increased the number of steelhead fish, what would you expect to happen to the algae in the stream by indirect effects? group of answer choices the algae would increase. the algae would decrease. the algae would not be affected by more fish since they are carnivores, not herbivores.
Answer:
The algae would decrease.
Explanation:
As the number of steelhead fish increases, they will consume more predatory insects, which in turn would consume more midge larvae. As a result, there would be fewer midge larvae to feed on the algae, leading to a decrease in the amount of algae in the stream. This is an example of a trophic cascade, where changes in the population of one species can have cascading effects on other species in the ecosystem through the food web.
which actions most likely cause the domains within a material to lose their alignment and become more randomized? check all that apply.
The actions that are most likely to cause the domains within a material to lose their alignment and become more randomized are:
heating the materialplacing the material in a magnetic field of opposite polarityhitting the material.A magnet can lose its magnetic homes if the domain names emerge as randomly arranged. Dropping, hitting, or heating a magnet can purpose the domain names to emerge as random.
Permanent magnets can lose their magnetism if they may be dropped or banged on sufficient to bump their domain names out of alignment.
Demagnetization procedures encompass heating beyond the Curie point, making use of a sturdy magnetic field, making use of alternating current, or hammering the metal. Demagnetization happens obviously over time. The pace of the technique relies upon at the material, the temperature, and different factors.
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Complete question :
Which actions most likely cause the domains within a material to lose their alignment and become more randomized? Check all that apply. Heating the material rubbing the material against a magnet passing electricity around the material placing the material in a magnetic field of opposite polarity placing the material near a strong magnet hitting the material.
Which molecule holds sister chromatids together during mitosis and meiosis?
Cohesins are multi subunit complexes that hold sister chromatids together. They were first discovered in Xenopus and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The cohesin complex, which is made up of four major proteins, is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes.Cohesin is not only multi subunit protein complex linked with chromosomes but that is particularly abundant at centromeres. This four-subunit complex assembles into a ring-like structure that surrounds the chromatin and holds sister chromatids together. Therefore, during mitosis and meiosis, cohesin is the molecule that keeps sister chromatids together.Chromosome segregation in dividing cells depends on cohesin, a protein that mediates cohesion between sister chromatids that have been replicated. Additionally necessary for effective DNA damage repair, cohesin also plays a critical role in controlling gene expression in both proliferating and post-mitotic cells
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cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that creates excessive mucus in human organs. what is a person with this disorder missing? question 13 options: the contractile proteins used in muscle movement the gene that codes for an important cell membrane protein an important organ that breaks down mucus an important protein easily obtained through food
Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder that creates excessive mucus in human organs, a person with this disorder is missing:
The gene that codes for an important cell membrane protein is called Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR).
CFTR is a chloride channel that regulates the movement of chloride ions across cell membranes, this channel is responsible for maintaining the proper balance of salt and water in the body.
The mutation of the CFTR gene leads to the malfunction of the chloride channel and results in the production of thick, sticky mucus that clogs the airways, the pancreas, and other organs.
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The elbow is also referred to as the
The elbow is also referred to as the olecranon.
Option C is correct.
What is the elbow?The elbow is described as a hing_ed joint made up of three bones, the Humerus, ulna, and radius.
The ends of the bones are covered with cartilage where the cartilage has a rubbery consistency that allows the joints to slide easily against each another which functions as a means to absorb shock. The bones are held together with ligaments that form the joint caps.
In conclusion, the elbow is made up of the humeroulnar, humeroradial and prox_imal radioulnar joints.
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where in the cell does anaerobic respiration take place. what is the first step of respiration
ligands, such as insulin, bind to their receptor in a reversible manner. what properties of noncovalent bonds lend themselves to such interactions?
Ligands, such as insulin, bind to their receptor in a reversible manner. Numerous low-energy non-covalent interactions' transient dynamics lend themselves to such interactions.
The term "ligand" refers to a molecule that binds to a receptor, such as a medication, hormone, or neurotransmitter. The binding may be reversible and particular. A receptor can be activated or inactivated by a ligand; activation can change how well cell functions. Each ligand may interact with different subtypes of receptors.
Any chemical or atom that forms an irreversible bond with a receiving protein molecule, also known as a receptor, is referred to as a ligand. A ligand's form and/or activity are changed when it binds to a certain receptor, which leads to the onset of a variety of biological reactions.
By changing the three-dimensional shape orientation, ligand binding to a receptor protein changes the conformation. The functional state of a receptor protein is composed of its conformation.
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what is the thin layer of connective tissue that must be removed when preparing a lamb loin for roasting?
The elastin proteins in gristle ensure that it will always be rough and chewy, regardless of cooking technique. Because of this, it is customary to trim a beef cut of as much elastin connective tissue, also known as gristle, before cooking or preparing lamb. Another typical protein present in meat is collagen.
Even though meat from young animals can be properly roasted at moderate temperatures, shoulder portions are often prepared using moist heat. Whole shoulder is one of the more substantial cuts of lamb and has a rich flavor and protein. More affordable than leg roast, bone-in shoulder roast can be utilised in a variety of recipes.
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in lab strains established in the 1960s, the frequency of the ddt-resistance allele is 37%. which statement is correct?
Once DDT usage became common, the evolutionary fitness linked to the heritable characteristic of DDT resistance shifted.
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to take place in a small population of organisms?Due to stochastic sampling error, small populations typically lose genetic diversity more quickly than large ones (i.e., genetic drift). This is because small populations make it more probable for some gene variants to be lost as a result of random chance.
Random occurrences that alter the allele frequencies in a population are known as genetic drift. Small populations are more prone to experience this because there, even seemingly random changes in allele frequencies may have a big impact on the population as a whole.
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Which of the following statements concerning pathology, infection, and disease is true? The term infection is synonymous with the term disease.Pathology refers to the study of structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease.
The true statement about pathology, infection, and disease is: Pathology refers to the study of structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease.
Infection is the appearance of microorganisms inside the living body where they multiply themselves and spread across the body. The microorganisms can be virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan, etc. They can hamper with the normal functioning of the host body.
Pathology is the study of diseases. It is the interdisciplinary branch of science and medicine. The term pathology is derived from ancient Greek roots. Pathology can be of 4 types: Anatomic, Cytopathology, Forensic and Molecular.
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g what is the relationship between glycolysis and cancer? group of answer choices cancer cells lack a glycolytic pathway cancer cells use a modified version of glycolysis cancer cells exhibit a much higher level of anaerobic glycolysis than normal cells none of these
Anaerobic glycolysis is significantly more prevalent in cancer cells than in healthy cells. The Warburg effect is the name given to this phenomena.
The metabolic process known as glycolysis produces both ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH simultaneously when it breaks down the sugar glucose into pyruvate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). It takes place in the cytoplasm of cells in all living beings and is the initial stage in the breakdown of carbohydrates. The general response can be expressed as:
Pyruvate + NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi
It is an anaerobic process, which means that oxygen is not necessary for it to take place and that it can still take place without it. In fact, many cells and bacteria that lack oxygen use glycolysis as their main source of energy.
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What is directional and stabilizing selection?
Directional selection and stabilizing selection are two types of natural selection that can lead to changes in the traits of a population over time.
Directional selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when the environment favors individuals with a certain trait, while selecting against individuals without that trait stabilizing selection. This can lead to a shift in the distribution of traits within a population over time, in the direction that increases the population's chances of survival. Stabilizing selection, on the other hand, directional selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when the environment favors individuals with intermediate traits, directional selection shifts the trait distribution towards one side, while stabilizing selection maintains the norm or the average of a certain trait within a population and reduces the genetic variation.
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An ionic bond will form between one positive ion and:
O A. one negative ion.
OB. any other ion.
OC. another positive ion.
OD. one neutral atom.
Option A is the appropriate response, An ionic bond will form between one positive ion and one negative ion.
What do ions do?An atom or molecule is called a "ion" when the proton and electron counts are out of balance, which generates a net electric charge.
How do you figure it out?Ionic connections are formed when a positive ion, also known as a cation, and a negative ion combine (also known as an anion). This link is formed by the transfer of an electron from one element to another, resulting in the production of a positive and a negative ion. Positive and negative ions are drawn to one another because of their opposing charges, which results in the formation of an ionic bond.
The resistance between two positive ions prevents them from forming an ionic bond. Similar to this, the absence of any charges that may attract two neutral atoms together prevents them from forming an ionic bond.
Ionic bonds are important for the production of many natural substances, such as salts and minerals, as well as for many biological processes.
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biochemistry is focused on four biological molecules: proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. of these, which are not polymers? biochemistry is focused on four biological molecules: proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. of these, which are not polymers? proteins lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids
Among the following option lipid is the only one which is not a polymer. Rest all carbohydrate, nucleic acid, protein are polymer.
Biomolecules come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes and serve a wide range of purposes. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates are the four main categories of biomolecules.
Carbohydrate are polymers made up of monomeric unit and polymeric carbohydrate sugar are called polysachharide.
The covalent (phosphodiester) bonds that connect the sugar and phosphate groups of nucleotides together to form nucleic acids are polymers.
Another category of essential biomolecules that account for about 50% of the dry weight of cells are proteins. Polypeptide chains of amino acids are arranged to form polymers called proteins.
Lipids are organic compounds that are related to fatty acids, soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water, and used by living cells. Lipids unlike other biomolecules are not polymers.
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describe the differences in how genetic material is transferred between sexual and asexual reproduction. identify and explain which type of reproduction results in offspring with greater genetic variation.
The offspring of asexual reproduction are exact replicas of the parent organism. In sexual reproduction, parents give their offspring a unique set of genes.
In asexual reproduction, the species simply reproduces itself through the process of budding, fission, and other similar mechanisms. in which a new, younger version of the parent emerges, which keeps in touch with the parents until they reach adulthood. These smaller, newly formed young species are separated from the parents' plant and allowed to grow independently as they reach maturity. A single parent can carry out asexual reproduction.
The genetic material of two parents is exchanged during sexual reproduction, resulting in a genetically diverse species.
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in some parts of the world, forests are being cut
down and burned to clear land for new homes
and new farmland. a negative effect of these
activities might be
(1) an increase in global warming
(2) destruction of the ozone shield
(3) a decrease in the average temperature of the
atmosphere
(4) an increase in biodiversity of the deforested
areas
Activities might be responsible for above scenario can be an increase in global warming.
In general, Global warming is term as the heating of Earth's surface from era of industrial revolution lies between 1850 and 1900 due to human activities, majorly due to fossil fuel burning, that has increased heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere. Hence, this term is also not interchangeable with the term climate change.
Global warming is mainly due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, cutting of trees and farming related activities.
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Hepatocytes synthesize the primary bile acids from _______________cholesterolcarbohydratesproteinfat
Hepatocytes synthesize the primary bile acids from human liver cholesterol carbohydrates protein fat
The parenchymal tissues of the liver contain an important cell type called the hepatocyte, which is involved in a variety of liver processes including detoxification, lipid and glucose metabolism, albumin secretion, clotting factors, and complements.The primary parenchymal cells of the liver, called hepatocytes, are crucial for metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. By secreting innate immunity proteins, hepatocytes also stimulate innate immunity against invasive pathogens.
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