The following data show the rate constant of a reaction measured at several different temperatures. Temperature (K) Rate Constant (1/s) 310 0.194 320 0.554 330 1.48 340 3.74 350 8.97 Part APart complete Use an Arrhenius plot to determine the activation barrier for the reaction. Express your answer using three significant figures. Ea

Answer:

sodium chloride can be used as salt

extraction sodium metal by electrolysis

a common chemical in laboratory experiments

Answer:

sodium chloride can be used as preservatives,

in preserving foods.

Answer:

We can produce 6.20 grams of CO2

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of hexane = 4.3 grams

Molar mass of hexane = 86.18 g/mol

Mass of oxygen = 7.14 grams

Molar mass of oxygen = 32.0 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

2C6H14 + 19O2 → 12CO2 + 14H2O

Step 3: Calculate moles

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles hexane = 4.3 grams / 86.18 g/mol

Moles hexane = 0.0499 moles

Moles oxygen = 7.14 grams / 32.0 g/mol

Moles oxygen = 0.2231 moles

Step 4: Calculate the limiting reactant

For 2 moles hexane we need 19 moles O2 to produce 12 moles CO2 and 14 moles H2O

Oxygen is the limiting reactant. It will completely be consumed ( 0.2231 moles). Hexane is in excess. There will react 2/19 * 0.2231 = 0.02348 moles

There will be porduced 12/19 * 0.2231 = 0.1409 moles CO2

Step 5: Calculate mass CO2

Mass CO2 = moles CO2 * molar mass CO2

Mass CO2 = 0.1409 moles * 44.01 g/mol

Mass CO2 = 6.20 grams

We can produce 6.20 grams of CO2

The given question is not complete, the complete question is:

Suppose a reaction mixture, when diluted with water, afforded 300 mL of an aqueous solution of 30 g of the reaction product malononitrile [CH2(CN)2], which is to be isolated by extraction with ether. The solubility of malononitrile in ether at room temperature is 20.0 g/100 mL, and in water is 13.3 g/100mL. The ratio of these quantities is equal to the partition coefficient, k, which equals What weight of malononitrile would be recovered by extraction of (a) three 100-mL portions of ether and (b) one 300-mL portion of ether? SHOW WORK (Can be written in pen and attached to report). Suggestion: For each extraction, let x equal the weight extracted into the ether layer. In part (a), for the first of the three extractions, the concentration of malononitrile in the ether layer is x/100 and in the water layer is (30-x)/100.

Answer:

The correct answer is 10 grams and 18 grams.

Explanation:

Based on the given question, 20 gram per 100 ml is the solubility of malononitrile in ether, and 13.3 gram per 100 ml is the solubility of malononitrile in water.  

Thus, the ration of the solubility is,  

Solubility in water/solubility in ether = 20/13.3 = 1.50

a) Let w be the weight of malononitrile extracted into water in every extraction. Then the concentration of the ether layer will be w/100. The concentration in the water layer will be 30-w/300. Now the ratio will be,  

Ratio = w/100 / (30-w)/300

1.50 = w/100 * 300 (30-w)

w = 10

Hence, the weight of malononitrile recovered by extraction is 10 grams.  

b) The concentration in the ether layer will be w/300. The concentration in the water layer will be (30-w) / 300. Now the ratio will be,  

Ratio = w/300 / (30-w) / 300

1.50 = w/300 * 300 (30-w)

w = 18

Hence, 18 grams is the weight of malononitrile recovered by extraction.  

Answer:

Explanation:

ratio of  moles of N and O in molecule =

N / O = 2.17 / 4.35

1/2

empirical formula = NO₂

Answer:

[tex]\Delta H=1962.3J[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we can compute the change in the solution enthalpy by using the following formula:

[tex]\Delta H=mC\Delta T[/tex]

Whereas the mass of the solution is 350 g, the specific heat capacity is 4.184 J/g °C and the change in the temperature is 1.34 °C, therefore, we obtain:

[tex]\Delta H=350g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C} *1.34\°C\\\\\Delta H=1962.3J[/tex]

It is important to notice that the mass is just 350 g that is the reacting amount and by means of the law of the conservation of mass, the total mass will remain constant, for that reason we compute the change in the enthalpy as shown above, which is positive due to the temperature raise.

Best regards.

Answer:

0.134 moles of H₂ can be formed if a 3.25g sample of Mg reacts with excess HCl

Explanation:

The balanced reaction is:

Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

By stoichiometry of the reaction (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles react:

Being:

the molar mass of the compounds participating in the reaction is:

Then, by stoichiometry of the reaction, the following quantities of mass participate in the reaction:

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by stoichiometry 24.31 grams of Mg form 1 mole of H₂, 3.25 grams of Mg how many moles of H₂ will they form?

[tex]moles of H_{2} =\frac{3.25 grams of Mg*1 mole of H_{2} }{24.31 grams of Mg}[/tex]

moles of H₂= 0.134

0.134 moles of H₂ can be formed if a 3.25g sample of Mg reacts with excess HCl

0.134 moles of H₂ are formed by the reaction of 3.25 g of Mg with excess HCl.

Let's consider the balanced equation between Mg and HCl.

Mg + 2 HCl ⇒ MgCl₂ + H₂

The molar mass of Mg is 24.3 g/mol. The moles corresponding to 3.25 g of Mg are:

[tex]3.25 g \times \frac{1mol}{24.3g} = 0.134 mol[/tex]

The molar ratio of Mg to H₂ is 1:1. The moles of H₂ formed by 0.134 moles of Mg are:

[tex]0.134 mol Mg \times \frac{1molH_2}{1molMg} = 0.134molH_2[/tex]

0.134 moles of H₂ are formed by the reaction of 3.25 g of Mg with excess HCl.

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Answer: An element with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

Explanation:

The # of protons in an atom is what determines what atom it is (hydrogen has 1 proton, helium has 2 protons, etc ...). You cannot change the number of protons in an atom without changing what element the atom is.

The number of electrons in atoms varies greatly because electrons are constantly gained, lost, and shared during chemical reactions.

An isotope is a variation of the same element (so they must have the same # of protons) that have different masses (and therefore a different number of neutrons).

The answer is the fourth choice, "An element with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons"

The isotopes refer to an element that consists of a similar number of protons but have a distinct no of neutrons.

It is considered to be the members of the family with respect to the elements that consist of a similar number of protons but have a distinct no of neutrons. The no of protons in the nucleus measured the atomic number of elements based on the periodic table.

Therefore, the fourth option is correct.

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Answer:

To calculate the moles we must first find the molar mass M

M (Na2S2O8) = (23*2) + (32*2) + (16*8)

= 46 + 64 + 168

= 278g/mol

Molar mass = mass/moles

moles =mass / molar mass

= 25.2/278

= 0.0906mol

Hope this helps.

Answer:

The percentage of the void space out of the total volume occupied is 93.11%

Explanation:

A mole of water contains 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen.

To calculate the volume of a mole of water, we calculate 2 times the volume of the hydrogen atom and 1 times the volume of the oxygen atom

Let's calculate this one after the other.

For the hydrogen, formula for the volume will be

[tex]V_{hydrogen[/tex] = 2 × 4/3 × π × [tex]r_{H}^{3}[/tex]

where [tex]r_{H}^{3}[/tex] = 37 pm which is read as 37 picometer (1 picometer = 10^-12 m) = 37 × [tex]10^{-12}[/tex] meters

Volume of the hydrogen = 8/3 × (37 × 10^-12)^3 = 4.05 * 10^-31

we multiply this by the avogadro's number = 6.02 * 10^23

= 4.05 * 10^-31 * 6.02 * 10^23 = 2.6 * 10^-8 m^3

We do same for thr oxygen, but this time we do not multiply the volume of the oxygen by 2 as we have only one atom of oxygen

Volume of oxygen = 4/3 * π * (73 * 10^-12) ^3 * avogadro's number = 9.81 * 10^-7 m^3

adding both volumes together, we have 1.24 * 10^-6 m^3 or simply 1.24 ml ( 0.01 m = 1 ml)

Dividing the molar mass of one mole of water by its density, we can get the volume of 1 mole of water

= (18g/mol)/(1 g/ml) = 18 ml/mol

Now we proceed to calculate the volume of void = Total volume - volume of molecule = 18 - 1.24 = 16.76 ml

Now, the percentage of void = volume of void/total volume * 100%

= 16.76/18 * 100% = 93.11%

Answer: 7.45 g of [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2[/tex] excess reagent are left over after the reaction is complete.

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

a) [tex]{\text{Number of moles of} KI}=\frac{7.55g}{166g/mol}=0.045moles[/tex]

b) [tex]{\text{Number of moles of} Pb(NO_3)_2}=\frac{9.06g}{331.2g/mol}=0.027moles[/tex]

The balanced chemical reaction is :

[tex]Pb(NO_3)_2(s)+2KI(s)\rightarrow 2KNO_3(s)+PbI(s)[/tex]

According to stoichiometry :

2 moles of [tex]KI[/tex] require = 1 mole of [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2[/tex]

Thus 0.045 moles of [tex]KI[/tex] will require=[tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 0.045=0.0225moles[/tex]  of [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2[/tex]

Thus [tex]KI[/tex] is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product and [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2[/tex] is the excess reagent as (0.045-0.0225) = 0.0225 moles are left

Mass of [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2=moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.0225moles\times 331.2g/mol=7.45g[/tex]

Thus 7.45 g of [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2[/tex] of excess reagent are left over after the reaction is complete.

Answer:

A. [tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0 = -72.6 \ kJ/mol}[/tex] ; as such the reaction is said to be spontaneous since the value of [tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0 }[/tex] is negative.

B.  [tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} = -13.29 \ kJ/mol.K}}[/tex] and the reaction is spontaneous

Explanation:

The equation for this chemical reaction is :

[tex]2NO_{(g)} +O_{2(g)} \to 2NO_{2(g)}[/tex]

Using the following relation to calculate [tex]\Delta G^0[/tex];

[tex]\Delta G^0 = [2(\Delta G^0_{NO_{2(g)}}] - [1(\Delta G^0_{O_{2(g)}})+ 2(\Delta G^0_{NO_{g}})][/tex]

At 298 K; the standard Gibbs Free Energy for the formation are as follows:

[tex]\Delta G^0_{NO_{2(g)}} = 51.2 \ kJ/mol[/tex]

[tex]\Delta G^0_{O_{2(g)}} = 0[/tex]

[tex]\Delta G^0_{NO_{g}}= 87.6 \ kJ/mol[/tex]

Replacing them into the above equation;

[tex]\Delta G^0 = [2(51.2 \ kJ/mol}] - [1(0)+ 2(87.6 \ kJ/mol})][/tex]

[tex]\Delta G^0 = [102.4 \ kJ/mol}] - [175.2 \ kJ/mol})][/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0 = -72.6 \ kJ/mol}[/tex]

Thus; [tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0 = -72.6 \ kJ/mol}[/tex] ; as such the reaction is said to be spontaneous since the value of [tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0 }[/tex] is negative.

B.

Using the same above chemical equation;

The relation used for calculating [tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0}[/tex] of the reaction when the temperature is 702 K is:

[tex]\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} = \Delta H^0_{xn} - T \Delta S^0_{rxn}[/tex]

where;

[tex]\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} =[/tex] Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 702 K

[tex]\Delta H^0_{xn}[/tex] = standard enthalpy of the reaction = -116.2 kJ/mol

[tex]\Delta S^0_{rxn}[/tex] = standard entropy of the reaction = -146.6 J/mol/K

Temperature T = 702 K

[tex]\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} = -1162. \ kJ/mol - 702 \ K ( -146.6 \ J/mol. K (\dfrac{1 \ kJ }{1000 \ J})[/tex]

[tex]\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} = -1162. \ kJ/mol - 702 \ K ( 0.1466 \ kJ/mol.K})[/tex]

[tex]\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} = -13.2868 \ kJ/mol.K}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} = -13.29 \ kJ/mol.K}}[/tex]

Thus [tex]\mathbf{\Delta G^0_{702 \ K} = -13.29 \ kJ/mol.K}}[/tex] and the reaction is spontaneous

Answer:

C₅H₅N being the weakest base

Explanation:

A weak base (B) is defined as a chemical compound that, in reaction with water, produce a small quantity of BH⁺

The general reaction is:

B + H₂O ⇄ BH⁺ + OH⁻ Where Kb is defined as:

Kb = [BH⁺] [OH⁻] / [B]

That means the smallest Kb is the weakest base because is producing the smallest quantity of BH⁺.

In the problem, the smallest Kb is C₅H₅N being the weakest base.

Answer:

Option D

Explanation:

A mechanical wave is a wave of energy that can travel long distances and could go through characteristics of matter such as solids, liquids, and gases. Mechanical waves can also travel through vacuums. A good example of a mechanical wave would be sound, sound is a wave spread through a object and can go through different types of matter. Which is why your answer is option D "sunshine." Light cannot go through a vacuum while sounds, and water can.

Hope this helps.

The mechanical wave example does not include the sunshine

It is the wave of energy that can travel long distances and considered the characteristics of matter like solids, liquids, and gases. It can also travel via vacuums. The Light cannot go via a vacuum while sounds, and water can go.

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Answer:

The Avogadro's  number is [tex]N_A = 6.02289 *10^{23}[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

   The edge length is  [tex]L = 5.02 * 10^{-8} \ cm= \frac{5.02 * 10^{-8} }{100} = 5.02 * 10^{-10}[/tex]

    The density of the metal is [tex]\rho = 5.30\ g/cm^3 = 5.30 * \frac{g}{cm^3} * \frac{1*10^6}{1*10^3} = 5.30 *10^3kg/m^3[/tex]

     The molar mass of  Ba is  [tex]Z = 137.3 \ g/mol = \frac{137.3}{1000} = 0.1373 \ kg / mol[/tex]

Generally the volume of a unit cell is  

       [tex]V = L^3[/tex]

substituting value

        [tex]V = [5.02 *10^{-10}]^3[/tex]

         [tex]V = 1.265*10^{-28}\ m^3[/tex]  

From the question we are told that 68% of the unit cell is occupied by Ba atoms and that the structure is a metal which implies that the crystalline structure will be  (BCC),

The volume of barium atom is  

        [tex]V_a = \frac{V}{2} * 0.68[/tex]

substituting value

        [tex]V_a = \frac{ 1.265*10^{-28}}{2} * 0.68[/tex]

        [tex]V_a = 4.301 *10^{-29} \ m^3[/tex]

The Molar mass of barium is mathematically represented as

      [tex]Z = N_A V_a * \rho[/tex]

Where [tex]N_A[/tex] is the Avogadro's number

 So  

      [tex]N_A = \frac{ Z}{ V_a * \rho}[/tex]

substituting value

     [tex]N_A = \frac{ 0.1373}{ 4.301*10^{-29} * 5.3*10^{3}}[/tex]

     [tex]N_A = 6.02289 *10^{23}[/tex]

Answer:

D. Lowered pressure

Explanation:

As you go to more altitude or height, the atmospheric pressure significantly lowers so the gas molecules are free to expand and take up as room as possible.

This is best explained by Boyle's law where pressure and volume are inversely related, where if one thing goes up another goes down. Here the pressure goes down, so volume increases and ballon expands.

Answer:

4.07x10⁻³M AlCl₃.

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

AlCl₃(aq) + 3 AgNO₃(aq) → 3 AgCl(s) + Al(NO₃)₃(aq)

That means 1 mole of AlCl₃ reacts with 3 moles of AgNO₃ to produce 3 moles of AgCl.

As 0.325g of AgCl are produced. Moles of AgCl are (Molar mass AgCl: 143.32g/mol):

0.325g AgCl ₓ ( 1 mol / 143.32g) = 2.27x10⁻³ moles of AgCl

As 3 moles of AgCl are produced from 1 mole of AlCl₃, moles of AlCl₃ that produce 2.27x10⁻³ moles of AgCl are:

2.27x10⁻³ moles of AgCl ₓ (1 mole AlCl₃ / 3 moles AgCl) =

7.56x10⁻⁴ moles AlCl₃

As volume of the AlCl₃ solution that reacts is 185.5mL = 0.1855L, molar concentration of the solution is:

7.56x10⁻⁴ moles AlCl₃ / 0.1855L =

Answer:

Final temperature of the solution = 26.43°C

Explanation:

Concentration of HCl = 0.662 M, Volume = 200 mL= 0.200 L

Concentration of Ba(OH)₂ = 0.331 M, Volume = 200 mL = 0.200 L

Initial temperature of solution = 22.00°C

Specific Heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g°C

Heat of neutralization = -56.3 KJ/mol of H₂O produced.

The full calculations is found in the attachment below

Answer:

The correct IUPAC name for the organic reactant is :

d) 3-methylbutene

Explanation:

Firstly the  missing diagram is attached in the diagram below.

The objective of this question is to draw the major organic product and select the correct IUPAC name for the organic reactant. If there is more than one major product, both may be drawn.

From the image attached below; we would see the reaction that occurs between the alkene and the HBr (hydrobromic acid). What really occur in the reaction is that; in the presence of HBr with an alkene compound a secondary 2° carbocation is usually formed. This secondary 2° carbocation formed is usually unstable, so what we called an hydride shift occurs (Markovnikov's product) here to form a stable tertiary 3° carbocation.

The correct IUPAC name for the organic reactant is : 3-methylbutene

Answer: D. The Government could take away research funds if ethical standards are not met

The government enforce ethical standards of scientific experiments

B. The government could take away research funds if ethical

standards are not met.

Ethical standards are a set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values. This code provides a framework that can be used as a reference for decision making processes.

Politicians and bureaucrats control scientific research and research outcomes by selectively funding projects that look for potential disasters, ideally global disasters.

This analysis focuses on whether and how the statements in these eight codes specify core moral norms (Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-Maleficence, and Justice), core behavioral norms (Veracity, Privacy, Confidentiality, and Fidelity), and other norms that are empirically derived from the code statements.

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Answer:

Sol is a colloidal suspension with solid particles in a liquid. Foam is formed when many gas particles are trapped in a liquid or solid. Aerosol contains small particles of liquid or solid dispersed in a gas. While solid solution contain solid as solute in either solid, liquid or gas.

Answer:

a) ortho-para isomers predominates

b) 3-nitrobenzoic acid ( meta isomer predominates)

c) 3-bromo nitrobenzene ( meta isomer predominates)

d) the ortho- para isomers predominates

Explanation:

a) Toluene contains -CH3 which is an ortho- para- director hence the major product of the sulphonation of toluene should be the ortho- para isomers.

b) The major product of the nitration of benzoic acid is 3-nitrobenzoic acid. This is an electrophilic substitution in which the meta isomer predominates.

c) The meta isomer predominates giving 3-bromo nitrobenzene as the major product.

d) The isopropyl group is an ortho- para director hence the ortho- para isomers predominates .

Answer:

1. In order to reach equilibrium COCl₂(g) must be consumed.

B. False

2. In order to reach equilibrium Kc must increase.

B. False .

3. In order to reach equilibrium CO must be consumed.

A. True.

4. Qc is greater than Kc.

A. True

5. The reaction is at equilibrium. No further reaction will occur.

B. False.

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

COCl₂(g) → CO (g) + Cl₂(g)

And Kc is defined as:

Kc = 1.29x10⁻² = [CO] [Cl₂] / [COCl₂]

Molar concentrations of each species are:

[COCl₂] = 0.104 moles of COCl₂ / 1L = 0.104M

[CO] = 4.66×10⁻² moles of CO / 1L = 4.66×10⁻²M

[Cl₂] = 3.76×10⁻² moles of Cl₂ / 1L = 3.76×10⁻²M

Replacing in Kc formula:

4.66×10⁻²M × 3.76×10⁻²M / 0.104M = 1.68x10⁻²

As the concentrations are not in equilibrium, 1.68x10⁻² is defined as the reaction quotient, Qc.

As Qc > Kc, the reaction will shift to the left producing more COCl₂ and consuming CO and Cl₂. Thus

1. In order to reach equilibrium COCl₂(g) must be consumed.

B. False

2. In order to reach equilibrium Kc must increase.

B. False . Kc is a constant that never change.

3. In order to reach equilibrium CO must be consumed.

A. True.

4. Qc is greater than Kc.

A. True

5. The reaction is at equilibrium. No further reaction will occur.

B. False. The reaction is in equilibrium when Qc = Kc

Answer:

see explanation below

Explanation:

In the first case, we have a reaction where we have the 3-chloro-3-methylpentane reacting with t-butoxide. The t-butoxide is a very voluminous base, so the strength of substracting a hydrogen atom is reduced. Therefore, the reaction taking place here will be an E2 but instead of substracting the hydrogen from the carbons 2 or 4, it will substract it from the methyl group, cause it has less steric hindrance there and the reaction will go faster.

In the second case, the sodium ethoxide is a strong base, so it will rapidly substract an atom of hydrogen from carbon 2 or 4 to form the (Z) - 3 - methyl - 2- pentene and the substitution product.

Look picture for mechanism and products.

Answer:

You would be able to see the ants clearly with the unique body parts.

Explanation:

Convex lens is also known as Converging lens. It helps in converging rays of light to become a principal focus which is usually very clear and visible to the eyes. The converging lens when used to view the ant makes the ant appear very visible and the individual is able to see all the unique body parts of the ant. This type of lens is used in individuals who are longsighted.

Answer:

7.92gml-1

Explanation:

water=25.20ml

water+iron=25.92ml

iron=5.7g

P=mass/volume (formula of density)

mass=5.7g

volume=25.92-25.20

=0.72ml

p=5.7/0.72

=7.92gml-1

Given:

Initial volume of water = 25.20mL

Volume of water after iron is added = 25.92mL

Mass of iron = 5.7g

So, the volume of iron = 25.92mL - 25.20mL = 0.72mL

∴ Density of iron will be

Density = Mass/Volume

Density = 5.7g / 0.72mL

Density = 7.91 g/mL

The density of a substance is the relationship between its mass and how much space it takes up. Density equals the mass of the substance divided by its volume, D = m/v.

Though SI unit of density is kg/m³ solids, g/ml for liquids and g/L for gases.

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Answer:

NH4NO3 = N2O + 2(H2O)

Explanation:

there are 2 N, 4 H, 3 O

Answer:

NH4NO3=N2O+2H2O

Explanation:

N-2,O-3,H-4

Answer:

endothermic

Explanation:

Heat is added to make the process possible.

Answer:

H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) —> H2O(l)

Explanation:

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction.

2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) —> CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Ca(OH)2 is a strong base and will dissociates as follow:

Ca(OH)2(aq) —> Ca^2+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq)

HCl is a strong acid and will dissociates as follow:

HCl(aq) —> H^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)

Thus, In solution a double displacement reaction occurs as shown below:

2H^+(aq) + 2Cl^-(aq) + Ca^2+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) —> Ca^2+(aq) + 2Cl^-(aq) + 2H2O(l)

To get the net ionic equation, cancel out Ca^2+ and 2Cl^-

2H^+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) —> 2H2O(l)

H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) —> H2O(l)