protein
structure
gene
homozygous
one
heterozygous
two
sexual
randomly
offspring
inherit
siblings
The structure of a protein molecule and its interactions with other protein molecules determine how that molecule functions. Each feature's gene is present in two copies in an organism. Each feature may have two identical copies of the same gene (homozygous), which only codes for one kind of protein. Each feature may have two copies of a gene that code for two different kinds of proteins, known as heterozygosity. Genes are passed down to new organisms through sexual reproduction. One of each gene's two copies from each parent is randomly transferred to the offspring. Each sexually reproduced child has the potential to receive a unique set of gene variants. Siblings might therefore differ from one another and even from their parents in terms of personality qualities.
What is a protein?a structure composed of amino acids. The body need proteins to function properly. They serve as the building blocks for several bodily components, including the skin, hair, and enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.Living things contain chemical molecules called proteins. They carry out a variety of activities, including planning, moving, and protecting. A protein is made up of chains of amino acids and can have up to four different structural levels. Examples of particular proteins are collagen, insulin, and anti-corps.What components make up protein?The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small chemical molecules with an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component.What sources of protein are there?Animal-based meals (meat, chicken, fish, eggs, and dairy products) are frequently good providers of essential amino acids, but plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds) frequently lack one or more of them. Complete protein is usually found in foods like (meat, fowl, fish, eggs, and dairy products).To learn more about proteins visit:
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The image shows water after it has been disturbed. In the image, the
water appears as a cone with a sphere at the top because water ??
explanation:
Cohesion enables the droplets to form, and bonding also called adhesion keeps the droplets on the needle .
Adhesion allows the droplets to form, and cohesion keeps the droplets on the needle.
so as you know Cohesion allows droplets to form and capillary action keeps the droplets on the needles where as Adhesion allows droplets to form, and capillary action keeps the droplets on the needles.
Which term best describes the fine tuning of an antibody mediated immune response, via genetic hypermutatoins?
Adaptive Immunity is the term that describes the fine-tuning of an antibody-mediated immune response, via genetic hypermutations.
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes- B cells and T cells which have receptors for any antigen they encounter. When exposed to an antigen, T cells release chemicals to activate B cells. B cells then divide and differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells. Plasma cells produce a large number of antibody molecules to fight against the specific antigens while memory cells reserve some of these antibodies to protect the body from future infections.
Genetic hypermutation changes the affinity of an antibody (B cell receptor) to detect the antigen. This occurs through a process called affinity maturation. It enables an antibody to produce a stronger and specific response to an antigen.
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Which of the following correctly lists the levels
of organization of the biosphere from smallest
to largest?
A. population, species, community, ecosystem, biome
B. biome, ecosystem, community, population, species
C. species, population, community, ecosystem, biome
From smallest to largest, the biosphere is organized into species, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
Organization of the biosphereThe biosphere, which includes all other levels, is the highest level of organization for living things. Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere are the biological levels of organization of living things, going from the simplest to the most complex.
Importance of BiosphereThe ecosystem required for survival is provided by the biosphere. The biosphere's weather is something that living things should be able to adapt to. Ecosystems support biodiversity, and the biosphere is a dependable source of food for all life on Earth.
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Answer: C. species, population, community, ecosystem, biome
Using Chargaff's Rule, if there are 23 Thymine this means there has to be how many Adenine ?
Answer:
23
Explanation:
Chargaff's rules state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine
Organic farmers use the bacterium bacillus subtilis to prevent downy mildew in grapes and powdery mildew in greenhouse tomatoes. the farmers are therefore using this bacterium as a:________
Organic farmers use the bacterium bacillus subtilis to prevent downy mildew in grapes and powdery mildew in greenhouse tomatoes. the farmers are therefore using this bacterium as a Fungicide.
A tough kind of bacteria called Bacillus subtilis, sometimes referred to as "hay bacillus" and "grass bacillus," is found in soils and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals like cattle, goats, deer, and humans. It was one of the first bacterial species to undergo extensive study, and because of its capacity to withstand high and low temperatures, it is now frequently utilized in industrial, agricultural, and fermentation operations. Because Bacillus subtilis is highly competitive in the soil and frequently outperforms other soil microorganisms, it excels at preventing fungal diseases on foliage and in growing media.To know more about fungal diseases visit:
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When conducting an experiment, it is generally necessary to include __________ groups that are treated exactly the same as treatment groups except for the condition being tested.
When conducting an experiment, it is generally necessary to include control groups that are treated exactly the same as treatment groups except for the condition being tested.
What are control groups?
In a scientific experiment, a control group is a subset of participants who are not included in the main experiment and whose outcomes are unaffected by the independent variable under study. Isolating the effects of the independent variable on the experiment can help rule out other possible explanations for the findings of the experiment.
Positive and negative control groups are the other two categories into which they might be divided.
The parameters of the experiment are set to ensure a good outcome in positive control groups. A successful control group can demonstrate that the experiment is running as intended.
Negative control groups are those where the experiment's settings are designed to produce a poor result.
Not all scientific studies call for the use of control groups.
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A physical model is often used to show the complex structures that exist in
many cells. Which sentence best describes a benefit of using a model of a
cell?
OA. It simulates the way a cell lives and grows.
OB. It shows details about a system too small to be easily studied.
OC. It shows the structures exactly as they appear in all cells.
D. It highlights the various cell structures but not their functions.
Answer:
the answer is b.Explanation:
If we noticed that something has just one of the characteristics of life. than we can have 100% certainty that it is living and biotic.
(1 Point)
True
False
A cell that has a 1% NaCl (salt) solution inside the cell. The cell is placed
in an environment that is a 3% NaCl (salt) solution. The solute cannot move.
Create an argument about what will happen to the cell that is in this
environment. Remember, that the easiest way to create an argument is to
create a CER. (Hint: Set this up as a CER).
The cell in question will lose water to its environment because it is hypotonic to its surrounding environment.
What is an hypotonic solution?An hypotonic solution is a solution that have a lower osmotic pressure than another solution i.e. it has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution.
According to the osmotic principle, water will move from a region of lower concentration of solute to a region of higher concentration of solute across a semipermeable membrane.
In this question, a cell that has a 1% NaCl (salt) solution inside the cell is placed in an environment that is a 3% NaCl (salt) solution.
This means that the cell is hypotonic to the solution in the environment, therefore, it will lose water to its environment.
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what did Jane Goodall see chimpanzees doing that had never been seen before?
Answer: Jane discovers that chimpanzees eat meat
Prior to this discovery, chimpanzees had been assumed to be vegetarian. During her research, Jane also observed the hunting process a group of chimpanzees attacked, killed, and ate a red colobus monkey that had climbed high into a tree.
Explanation:
Fill in the Venn Diagram
explaining the similarities
and differences in carbs,
lipids, and proteins
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Answer:
Carbohydrates - made from sugars
Lipids - made from fatty acids
Proteins - made from amino acids
Explanation:
For more details:
Carbohydrates
Monomers are sugarsHave linear structuresUsed for glucose storageLipids
Monomers are fatty acidsHydrophobicHigher energy storage than glucoseProteins
Monomers are amino acidsMake up 50% of the weight of the cellSeveral cellular functions (structural, storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, contractile, defensive, enzymes)Have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structuresSimilarities
All 3 contribute to storageCarbohydrates and lipids have energy storageLipids and proteins both have lots of carbon-hydrogen bondsProteins and carbohydrates have similar molecular makeup and give out 4 kcal per gram
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Membrance glycoproteins and glycolipids that enable cellls to recognize potentially dangerous foreign cells serve as?
Membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids that enable cells to recognize potentially dangerous foreign cells serve as cell identity markers.
Cell surface antigens and cell markers act as monograms to help distinguish and categorize cells. Most of these are chemicals or antigens found in the plasma membrane of cells. There are distinct sets of markers or antigens that are particular to various cell types. In essence, cell surface markers are like a fingerprint—they are unique to each type of cell and can be recognized based on the types of markers that are found on the membrane. Currently, CD antigen, often referred to as CD molecules and clusters of differentiation, is the most prevalent cell surface marker.Glycoproteins carry out essential structural and metabolic tasks. Cell-cell recognition is the ability for cells to identify if another cell is familiar or foreign.learn more about Glycoproteins here: https://brainly.com/question/9507947
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What is glucagon
what is glucagon
Answer:er
Explanation:dwgrsdfg
?
Answer:
A glucagon is a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
Explanation:
Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations except the.
Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations except the blood.
Microbiota is made up of two words micro and biota where micro is small and biota is a range of organisms so microbiota means a wide range of microorganisms that are present in the body including bacteria and these can be symbiotic, commensal, parasitic, pathogenic, and in the same way the human body is also inhabited by millions of different kinds of microorganisms which live in body but does not give any harm to it and the most important ones are the bacteria which are found in the skin, nose, mouth and also the gut and the bacterias found in the gut are very important as they help in digestion and also they are innate to our body as they are found and present since birth to throughout the lives but these microbes are not present in the blood which is fluid and is made up of plasma, platelets, RBCs that is red blood cells and WBC that is white blood cells and bacterias or microbes because they need an optimum ph to survive and as blood ph is neutral with 7 so they don't grow there hen put in a culture dish and the function of microbes in the body includes to protect the intestine agaisnt the colonization by exogenous pathogens and harmful microorgansisms through modulated immune responss.
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A phenotypically normal woman has a child with down syndrome. the woman is found to have 45 chromosomes. what chromosome abnormality can account for this transformation?
Down syndrome mosaicism is thought to result from nondisjunction (when chromosomes do not fuse into separate cells) during embryonic cell division.
A person with Mosaic Down Syndrome he has two cell lines. One normal he has 46 chromosomes and one extra he has 47 chromosomes including chromosome 21. The prognosis of intelligence and the risk of medical complications may depend on the proportion of her trisomy 21 cells in all different tissues. , including the brain. However, in practice, it is not possible to karyotype every cell in the body, so risk cannot be predicted. Some people with mosaic Down syndrome have very subtle clinical signs and normal intelligence. However, people without detectable mosaicism may still have very different results. If either parent has germline mosaicism for trisomy 21, the risk for a second affected child is higher than the age-based risk for the mother.
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Which compound contains nitrogen (1point)
Answer:
Ammonia
Explanation:
a members of the species microtus pennsylvanicus living in a certain location make a up a
Kendra wishes to build a model of a carbohydrate molecule ideally containing as many monomers as possible which set should she choose
Kendra wishes to build a model of a carbohydrate molecule ideally containing as many monomers as possible. She will choose set B.
What are monomers?
A monomer is a type of molecule that has to make chemical bond with any of the molecule and can form long chain and polymer has been sequence of chain that is unspecified or unknown number of the monomers.
Monomers are considered to be smaller in size and the molecules are organic in nature that can be combined with similar the molecule to form a very large size of the molecule, or the molecule has been known as polymer.
The main example of the monomers are glucose, amino acids, ethylene, and vinyl chloride. Each monomer has been combined to form polymers in other ways.
Therefore, Kendra wishes to build a model of a carbohydrate molecule ideally containing as many monomers as possible. She will choose set B.
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How long does it take for the Earth to make one round-trip around the Sun?
Answer: Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days, 5 hours, 59 minutes and 16 seconds. The time a planet takes to revolve around the sun is called a year
Explanation:
Answer: Three hundred sixty-five days and 6 hours.
Explanation:
Cells that have membrane-bound organelles and cytoplasm are classified as ________ cells
Cells that have membrane-bound organelles and cytoplasm are classified as Eukaryotic cells.
What is cytoplasm, and its function?Cytoplasm is the name for the gel-like substance that makes up a cell. In chemical processes, it acts as a catalyst. It provides a framework for the operation of other organelles within the cell. All of the procedures for cellular division, growth, and replication actually occur in the cytoplasm of a cell.
What substance is in the cytoplasm?Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur can all be found in the cytosol. These components are essential to the metabolic activities that microorganisms utilise. The bacterial cytoplasm contains ribosomes, proteins, enzymes, and the nucleoid portion of bacteria.
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help me label this pls i can't find it anywhere
The provided image is an image of human cell showing different cell organelles. These are the Golgi complexes, mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, lysosome and plasma membrane respectively.
How can be the image pointed from a to f as asked?
a. Golgi complexes
b. Mitochondria
c. Cytoplasm
d. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
e. Nucleus
f. Lysosome
g. Plasma membrane.
All are the organelles of the human cell embedded in the cytoplasm and surrounded by the plasma membrane. Here the endoplasmic reticulum can be of two type, one is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and another is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
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The answer is a. Golgi complexes
b. Mitochondria
c. Cytoplasm
d. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
e. Nucleus
f. Lysosome
g. Plasma membrane.
What are Golgi complexes used for?Proteins and lipid (fat) molecules are prepared for usage both within and outside of the cell by the Golgi complex. A cell organelle is the Golgi complex. also known as the Golgi body and apparatus.
In cells that produce and secrete significant amounts of chemicals, the Golgi apparatus tends to be bigger and more numerous; for instance, the immune system's plasma B cells, which release antibodies, have notable Golgi complexes.
The Golgi complex is where?The nucleus and the Golgi are in close proximity. Perinuclear bodies are what they're called, and the endoplasmic reticulum is also not far from them. Additionally, proteins that exit the endoplasmic reticulum enter the Golgi for additional processing.
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The Creation Mandate, The fall of Man, and Redemption are important to biology
because
These concepts are important for biology because they present an aspect of the biological construction of human beings and society.
How can this be explained?The creation mandate is important to biology because it introduces the concept of reproduction of the human species.The fall of man is important to biology because it introduces the biological concepts of guilt and repentance.Redemption is important to biology because it introduces the concept of the manipulation of natural resources.Although the mandate of creation, the fall of man, and redemption are religious concepts, they have important aspects for biology, especially when it comes to the constitution of human thought and the manipulation of natural resources necessary for the maintenance of life.
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The human nervous system includes __________ of individual neurons that assist with __________ communication. a. millions . . . external b. millions . . . internal c. billions . . . external d. billions . . . internal please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The human nervous system includes billions of individual neurons that assist with internal communication.
The human nervous system consists of two main parts:
The central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and The peripheral nervous system (the nerves that carry impulses to and from the central nervous system).Neurons are the electrically excitable cells that make up the nerve tissues of the components of the central nervous system.
Neurons are made up of three regions;
Dendrites - These are the branching processes of one neuron that connect to the axonal ends of the other neuron.Cell bodies - It is the soma of the neuron. Axon - It relays stimulus from one neuron to another.Neurons are essential for internal communication by relaying chemical and electrical signals that help components of the nervous system communicate with effector organs. The complexity of neurons is reflected in different clades of the organism. Therefore, in addition to the structure of neurons, the number of neurons also varies from organism to organism. In humans, about 86 billion neurons contribute to the formation of nervous tissue in the brain. The number of neurons in the brain depends on multiple factors such as brain growth, history or current condition with neurodegenerative disorders, and the age of the individual.
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Which process would most likely result in the formation of a volcano?
A central crack forms where a thin section of the earth’s crust breaks, and molten rock seeps out.
A central crack forms where a thin section of the earth’s crust breaks, and molten rock seeps out.
The earth's crust is broken into pieces.
The earth's crust is broken into pieces.
A central crack forms where a thick section of the earth’s inner core breaks, and molten rock seeps out.
A central crack forms where a thick section of the earth’s inner core breaks, and molten rock seeps out.
Heat and pressure act on igneous or sedimentary rock.
Answer:
The Earth's crust is broken into pieces
Answer:
Number 1
Explanation:
Some blood is put on a slide under a microscope. The image of the red blood cell seen through the microscope has a length of 5 mm. A red blood cell has a real length of 7.1 µm.
Work out the magnification and give the answer to 1 decimal place.
The magnification of the red blood cell under the microscope is = × 0.00142
Calculation of object magnificationThe real length of the red blood cell = 5mm
The length of the red blood cell under the microscope=
7.1um
Convert 7.1 um to mm;
1 um = 0.001 millimetre
7.1 um = X mm
make X mm the subject of formula,
xmm = 7.1 × 0.001 = 0.0071 mm
The formula for magnification
= image length/ real length
= 0.0071 mm/5 mm
= × 0.00142
Therefore, the magnification of the red blood cell under the microscope is = × 0.00142.
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__________ accumulate in dna over succeeding generations and are the ultimate source of new genetic variation.
Mutations accumulate in dna over succeeding generations and are the ultimate source of new genetic variation.
Gene variants, sometimes known as mutations, can cause genetic differences, or a normal process in which genetic information is rearranged as a cell prepares to divide can also cause genetic variations (known as genetic recombination).Different phenotypes can be introduced into an organism by genetic changes that change gene activity or protein function.By changing genes and alleles in a population, mutations cause genetic variety. They could affect a single gene or a whole chromosome. Although mutations alter an organism's genotype (genetic make-up), the phenotype of an organism may not always be altered. For instance, dogs and humans have different-sized tails and different-colored eyes. This implies that no two individuals within a species are alike. Variation refers to the differences that exist between individuals within a species.learn more about mutations here: https://brainly.com/question/14438201
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b. Which is the broadest category of classification for
the praying mantis?
Answer:
Explanation:The table below shows the classification of a praying mantis, an insect that feeds on smaller insects. a. What is the scientific name of the praying mantis? b. What is the broadest category of classification for the praying mantis? C. What is the most limited rank and taxon that praying mantises and gray wolves have in common? Do you think these two organisms are closely related? Why or why not?
what has “sprung up” all over phoenix and why is this a problem?
Drought has “sprung up” all over Phoenix.
How Drought has become a problem in Phoenix?About 40 million people in the southwest depend on the Colorado River for their water supply, but it is currently experiencing catastrophically dry conditions. It has been the driest two decades in 1,200 years. Phoenix is one of at least six Arizona cities that have officially declared water shortages. This desert area gets less than 8 inches of rain a year.As Phoenix and its neighbors continue their relentless development — Arizona's population has more than quadrupled in the past 50 years, from 1.8 million in 1970 to 7.2 million today — it has long been debatable how to supply enough water to sustain a city this size in the desert. The potential effects of drought on their daily life, are an increase in wildfires, a decrease in local food, and a decrease in leisure activities because of low lake water levels.How is Phoenix coping up with dry conditions?Phoenix has activated its drought management plan and is asking residents to use less water. The City of Phoenix issued a stage 1 water alert this year. With the alert, individuals are being advised to use less water in ways that won't significantly affect their daily life. One of the simplest and most efficient methods to preserve water, according to the city, is to water landscapes appropriately. The city concentrates on consumer outreach and education about the drought conditions rather than enforcement because the water reductions are voluntary.Phoenix has weathered every drought without having to impose forced water use restrictions or prohibitions thanks to long-term planning, investments in alternate water supply options, and a track record of success with water conservation.To learn more about Phoenix visit:
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Scientific research led to the discovery that bacteria cannot grow in the presence of a certain type of mold.
Further research revealed that the mold produced a chemical with antibiotic properties.
Which statement best describes the impact of this scientific research?
• A. It harmed the environment because it led to the development of harmful pesticides.
O B. It benefited society because it led to the widespread use of
penicillin, which saved many lives.
• C. it had a positive impact on the environment because it restored an endangered species.
D. It negatively affected society because it led to the production of mold that could harm humans.
Scientific research led to the discovery that bacteria cannot grow in the presence of a certain type of mold. It benefited society because it led to the widespread use of penicillin, which saved many lives.
Answer no B is correct.
During World War II, penicillin was mass-produced and used to treat infections in wounded and ill soldiers. Historically, infections had killed more soldiers at war than battle injuries, Markel wrote. The discovery of penicillin decreased the death rate from bacterial pneumonia in soldiers from 18% to 1%.
The discovery of penicillin changed the world of medicine enormously. With its development, infections that were previously severe and often fatal, like bacterial endocarditis, bacterial meningitis and pneumococcal pneumonia, could be easily treated.
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Scientific research led to the discovery that bacteria cannot grow in the presence of a certain type of mold. It benefited society because it led to the widespread use of penicillin, which saved many lives.
Option number B is correct.
Penicillin was developed in large quantities and utilized to treat infections in sick and injured soldiers during World War II. In the past, Markel said, illnesses had killed more men in combat than injuries. When penicillin was discovered, the mortality rate among troops from bacterial pneumonia dropped from 18% to 1%.
The discovery of penicillin significantly altered the field of medicine. With its advancement, illnesses like bacterial endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, and pneumococcal pneumonia that were previously severe and frequently fatal may be managed with ease.
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How would you classify the interaction between coral and the algae that live in their tissues?.
