the incidence of a tax falls more heavily on a. consumers than producers if demand is more inelastic than supply. b. producers than consumers if supply is more inelastic than demand. c. consumers than producers if supply is more elastic than demand. d. all of the above are correct.

The after-tax salvage value of the machine is $5,386.89, if the lathe can be sold for $5,700 at the end of year 3.

The first step in finding the after-tax salvage value is to calculate the depreciation for each year using the MACRS 3-year class life method. The depreciation percentages for each year are 33.33%, 44.45%, and 14.81% respectively. Using these percentages, the depreciation for each year is:

Year 1: $57,000 x 33.33% = $19,011

Year 2: $57,000 x 44.45% = $25,343

Year 3: $57,000 x 14.81% = $8,437

The total depreciation over the three years is $52,791.

Next, we can calculate the after-tax salvage value. The machine will be sold for $5,700 at the end of year 3. The book value of the machine at that time will be $57,000 - $52,791 = $4,209. Thus, the sale of the machine will result in a taxable gain of $1,491 ($5,700 - $4,209). The tax on this gain will be 21% x $1,491 = $313.11.

The after-tax salvage value is therefore $5,700 - $313.11 = $5,386.89.

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The president of a private company sharing a new five-year strategic plan with her VPs is an example of internal communication.

Internal communication is the transmission of information within an organization through formal and informal channels. It includes all communication inside a company, such as employee communication, management communication, and crisis communication.

The goal of internal communication is to enhance the functioning of the organization as a whole through more effective communication with employees and other stakeholders.

This type of communication is used for sharing goals and plans, making announcements, and keeping all employees informed about what is going on in the company.

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The Promotional Budget primarily determines the level of awareness that a company can generate for its products or services.

The Promotional Budget is an important aspect of any marketing campaign, and it plays a critical role in determining the success of the campaign. In simple terms, the Promotional Budget is the amount of money that a company allocates to promote its products or services. This budget is used to fund various promotional activities, such as advertising, sales promotions, public relations, and personal selling. By allocating more money to the Promotional Budget, a company can reach a wider audience and create more buzz around its offerings. This, in turn, can help to increase brand awareness and ultimately lead to higher sales.

Additionally, the Promotional Budget can also impact the accessibility of a company's products or services. For example, if a company decides to spend more money on advertising, it can reach more potential customers and make its products or services more easily accessible to them. On the other hand, if a company has a limited Promotional Budget, it may need to focus on other strategies to increase accessibility, such as improving distribution channels or offering special promotions.

In conclusion, the Promotional Budget determines both awareness and accessibility but primarily focuses on the former. It is a crucial aspect of any marketing campaign and requires careful planning and management to ensure that it is used effectively.

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The given statement is false. Robert Nozick was a philosopher who believed in a libertarian approach to social justice. He argued that individuals have the right to keep the fruits of their labor and that any attempt to redistribute wealth through taxation or other means would violate their rights.

In his book "Anarchy, State, and Utopia," Nozick famously rejected the idea of a redistributive welfare state and instead advocated for a minimal state that would only protect individuals from harm and enforce contracts.

Therefore, based on Nozick's beliefs, the statement that it would be morally correct to tax those with higher incomes to supplement those with lower incomes is false. Nozick would argue that such a policy would be an unjust infringement on the property rights of the wealthy and would not be in the interest of all.

Furthermore, Nozick believed that inequality of wealth and income is not necessarily a bad thing as long as it arises from just acquisition and transfer. He argued that individuals have the right to acquire property through voluntary exchanges and that any attempt to forcibly redistribute wealth would violate their rights.

In summary, Nozick's approach to social justice does not support the idea of taxing the wealthy to supplement the poor, and he would argue that such a policy would be morally wrong. Instead, he believed in a minimal state that would protect individuals' rights to property and allow for voluntary exchanges of wealth and income.

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The demand for business products is characterized as derived demand because it is a result of the demand for consumer goods or services that use those business products as inputs.

The demand for business products is characterized as derived demand because it is a result of the demand for consumer goods or services that use those business products as inputs. In other words, businesses demand goods and services from other businesses in order to produce their own goods or services.

For example, a company that produces cars will require a variety of inputs, such as steel, rubber, glass, and electronics. The demand for these inputs is derived from the demand for cars. If the demand for cars increases, the demand for these inputs will also increase. Conversely, if the demand for cars decreases, the demand for these inputs will also decrease.

Therefore, the demand for business products is closely tied to the overall economic conditions and the demand for consumer goods and services. Changes in consumer demand can have a ripple effect on the demand for business products and can impact the entire supply chain.

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The market price of the bond is $2,150.99. lincoln park company has a bond outstanding with a coupon rate of 5.98 percent and semiannual payments.

To calculate the market price of a bond, you need to use the present value formula. This involves discounting the future cash flows (coupon payments and principal repayment) back to their present values using the yield to maturity (YTM) as the discount rate. In this case, the bond has a coupon rate of 5.98%, semiannual payments, a maturity of 18 years, and a par value of $2,000. The YTM is 5.5%.

First, calculate the total number of coupon payments over the life of the bond: 18 years x 2 semiannual payments per year = 36 coupon payments.

Next, calculate the semiannual coupon payment: $2,000 x 5.98% / 2 = $59.80.

Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, calculate the present value of the coupon payments: PV = C x ((1 - (1 / (1 + r)^n)) / r), where PV is the present value, C is the semiannual coupon payment, r is the YTM divided by 2 (since it's a semiannual payment), and n is the total number of coupon payments. Plugging in the values, we get: PV = $59.80 x ((1 - (1 / (1 + 0.055 / 2)^36)) / (0.055 / 2)) = $1,451.95.

Using the formula for the present value of a single payment, calculate the present value of the principal repayment: PV = F / (1 + r)^n, where PV is the present value, F is the par value, r is the YTM divided by 2, and n is the total number of periods. Plugging in the values, we get: PV = $2,000 / (1 + 0.055 / 2)^36 = $699.04.

Finally, add the present values of the coupon payments and principal repayment to get the market price of the bond: $1,451.95 + $699.04 = $2,150.99. Therefore, the correct answer is b. $2,150.99.

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The basic postulate of economics refers to a fundamental principle that underlies economic theories and models. Among the options given, the one that is often referred to as the basic postulate of economics is B: Incentives matter - individuals respond in predictable ways to changes in personal costs and benefits.

This postulate suggests that people's decisions and behaviors are influenced by the incentives they face. Incentives can be either positive (rewards) or negative (penalties), and they can come in various forms such as monetary, social, or psychological. According to this postulate, when people face higher costs or lower benefits, they are less likely to engage in a particular activity, whereas when they face lower costs or higher benefits, they are more likely to do so. This idea has important implications for economic analysis because it allows economists to predict how people will behave under different circumstances and how they will respond to policy interventions. For instance, if the government imposes a tax on a certain product, the basic postulate of economics would predict that people will buy less of that product because the tax increases its cost. On the other hand, if the government offers a subsidy for a particular activity, people are more likely to engage in it because the subsidy lowers the costs.

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A chief operating officer (COO) is typically considered a part of a firm's top management team.

They are responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the company and ensuring that the organization runs smoothly and efficiently. The COO works closely with other senior executives, such as the CEO and CFO, to develop and implement strategies that align with the company's goals and objectives.

In larger firms, the COO may also be responsible for managing specific business units or departments. They may work closely with department heads to identify areas for improvement and implement changes to improve efficiency and productivity.

Overall, the COO plays a critical role in the success of a firm by ensuring that the organization is operating at peak performance. They are responsible for driving growth, improving profitability, and delivering value to customers and stakeholders.

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External costs and benefits refer to the positive or negative impacts of an activity on individuals or society that are not reflected in the market price.

a. Fishing at a popular lakeside vacation spot: This activity primarily causes an external cost because it can lead to overfishing, depletion of fish stocks, and disruption of the ecosystem, which negatively affects other fishermen and the local community's recreational and economic opportunities.

b. Buying a fax machine: This activity primarily causes an external cost because it contributes to the depletion of natural resources and increases waste production, which can harm the environment and affect the health of people living nearby.

c. Conducting research to find an AIDS vaccine: This activity primarily causes an external benefit because it can lead to the development of a cure or a vaccine that can save lives and improve the overall health of the population, which positively affects society as a whole.

d. Occupying a seat on a bench in a crowded park: This activity primarily causes an external cost because it reduces the availability of seats for others and limits their ability to enjoy the park, which can negatively affect their well-being and quality of life.

e. Littering: This activity primarily causes an external cost because it contributes to pollution, harms the environment, and affects the health and well-being of others who may be exposed to the waste.

f. Spaying or neutering your pet: This activity primarily causes an external benefit because it can prevent the overpopulation of pets, reduce the risk of disease transmission, and improve the health and well-being of the animal and its owner, which positively affects society as a whole.

In summary, It is important to consider these externalities when making decisions to ensure that they are sustainable and socially responsible.

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CPFR, or Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment, is an inventory management system that is used to streamline the supply chain and improve operational efficiency.

It is based on the principle of collaboration between trading partners in the supply chain to share information and coordinate activities such as planning, forecasting, and replenishment. The term CPFR refers to four key metrics that are used to measure the success of the system: cost, profit, frequency, and return. Cost refers to the reduction in operational costs that can be achieved through the implementation of CPFR, while profit refers to the increased profitability that can be achieved through better planning and coordination. Frequency refers to the speed at which orders can be fulfilled, and return refers to the ability of the system to generate a positive return on investment. In summary, CPFR is a powerful tool for optimizing inventory management and achieving better outcomes in terms of cost, profit, frequency, and return.

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Senior citizen housing project is housing intended for and solely occupied by persons 62 years of age or older (option a). This means that only individuals who are 62 years old or above are allowed to live in these housing projects.

Senior citizen housing projects are specifically designed to cater to the needs of older adults.

These facilities may include various amenities such as meal services, housekeeping, and transportation.

Additionally, these housing projects may offer social and recreational activities that are tailored to the interests of senior citizens.

In summary, senior citizen housing projects are housing intended for and solely occupied by persons 62 years of age or older. These facilities are designed to meet the unique needs of older adults and may offer various amenities and activities.

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A reddening of the skin of the face that intensifies when exposed to the sun is characteristic of rosacea.

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that primarily affects the face, causing redness, flushing, and sometimes bumps and pimples. It typically occurs in individuals over the age of 30 and is more common in women than in men. The cause of rosacea is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as exposure to sunlight, extreme temperatures, and certain foods and drinks. The redness associated with rosacea is often triggered by sun exposure, stress, and other factors, and can be accompanied by a burning or stinging sensation. Treatment for rosacea typically involves avoiding triggers, such as sunlight and spicy foods, as well as using topical and/or oral medications to reduce inflammation and redness. While rosacea is a chronic condition, it can be managed with appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications.

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True. A budget system that can be kept on notebook paper or accounting paper is called a written budget. A written budget is a basic budgeting tool that can help individuals or organizations plan and track their income and expenses. It is a simple and effective way to manage finances without the need for complex software or tools.

With a written budget, you can identify your sources of income, estimate your expenses, and allocate your money accordingly. It also helps you to stay within your means and avoid overspending. However, while a written budget can be a great start to financial management, it may not be suitable for more complex financial situations. In such cases, a more advanced budgeting system that involves accounting software or tools may be necessary. An accounting budget system involves the use of software to create and track a budget plan. This type of budgeting allows for more accurate tracking of expenses and income, as well as more sophisticated analysis of financial data. It is particularly useful for businesses, organizations, and individuals with complex financial situations.
In conclusion, a written budget is a simple and effective budgeting tool that can be kept on notebook paper or accounting paper. It is suitable for individuals or organizations with basic financial situations. However, more complex financial situations may require a more advanced budgeting system such as an accounting budget system.

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A shortage that occurs under a binding price ceiling increases over time because the ceiling prevents the market price from rising to its equilibrium level, leading to an imbalance between supply and demand.

A binding price ceiling is a government-imposed price control that sets the maximum allowable price for a good or service below the equilibrium market price.

This artificial cap on prices discourages suppliers from producing more of the good or service, as they are unable to charge a higher price to cover their costs.

On the other hand, the lower price encourages consumers to demand more of the good or service.

As a result, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, creating a shortage.

Over time, this shortage will increase as the imbalance between supply and demand persists.

Summary: In conclusion, a binding price ceiling leads to an increasing shortage over time because it keeps the market price below the equilibrium level, causing a persistent imbalance between supply and demand.

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Based on the given information, Avigail's team task role can be identified as an "energizer". Option C.

An energizer is someone who motivates and inspires the team to achieve their goals by boosting morale, keeping the team focused and engaged, and increasing their enthusiasm and commitment to the task at hand. This role involves providing emotional support, creating a positive and productive environment, and encouraging team members to work towards achieving their full potential. Therefore, among the given options, "energizer" best describes the team task role that Avigail is filling.

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In the initial project costs for net working capital, the amount that should be included is $60,000.

Net Working Capital is the total amount of capital a company has in the form of assets after subtracting all of its current liabilities.  It's used to assess a company's liquidity and ability to cover its debts when they become due.

Let's calculate the amount that should be included in the initial project costs for net working capital.

Given:

Inventory = $36,000

Accounts Receivable = $24,000

Equipment = $11,000

Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities

Current Assets = Inventory + Accounts Receivable + Cash

Current Liabilities = Accounts Payable + Accrued Expenses + Short-term Notes Payable + Current Portion of Long-term Debt

Substituting the given values, we get:

Net Working Capital = (Inventory + Accounts Receivable + Cash) - (Accounts Payable + Accrued Expenses + Short-term Notes Payable + Current Portion of Long-term Debt)

We have only been given the value of Accounts Receivable. So, we will consider it as Current Assets.

Substituting the values of Current Assets and Current Liabilities in the formula:

Net Working Capital = ($36,000 + $24,000 + $0) - ($0 + $0 + $0 + $0)

Net Working Capital = $60,000

Therefore, the amount that should be included in the initial project costs for net working capital is $60,000.

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The greatest limitation to using this data to decide whether the government should pursue population growth policies is that population growth rates in 2016 may be irrelevant to population structures in subsequent years.

The population growth rates may vary due to several factors such as changing economic conditions, political instability, natural disasters, migration patterns, and government policies. Thus, relying solely on population growth rates from one year may not provide an accurate and comprehensive picture of the population structure and dynamics of a country.

Furthermore, the data indicates that authoritarian countries have a greater population growth rate than democratic countries. However, this finding may not necessarily imply that authoritarian regimes are more successful in implementing population growth policies. It may also reflect differences in socio-economic factors, cultural attitudes towards family size, and access to family planning services.

Lastly, the data does not account for the cost of goods and services in each country, which is a critical consideration in determining the economic feasibility of population growth policies. The cost of living varies significantly across countries, and a one-size-fits-all approach to population growth policies may not be suitable. In summary, while the data on population growth rates provide some insights into population dynamics, it has significant limitations that should be considered before using it to inform population growth policies.

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Based on the information provided, we can calculate the cost of moving 1 pound of material by dividing the total labor cost ($182,000) by the total amount of material moved (620,000 pounds). This gives us a cost of $0.2935 per pound of material moved.

To determine how much of the material handling cost should be assigned to products made in March (when 62,000 pounds were moved), we simply multiply the cost per pound ($0.2935) by the amount of material moved (62,000 pounds). This gives us a total cost of $18,167 for the material handling employees' work in March.
Therefore, $18,167 of the total material handling cost should be assigned to products made in March, since that is the amount of material they moved during that time period.

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A comprehensive, unified message can be delivered by the retailer by creating an integrated marketing communication program.

In contrast to wholesalers, who sell to businesses or institutions, retailers sell products and services to consumers. A retailer buys products in bulk from manufacturers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells them to consumers in smaller quantities for a profit. In the chain of distribution between producers and customers communication, retailers are the last stop.

With roots in antiquity, retail markets and stores have a long history. Traveling salespeople were among of the first merchants. From being little more than "rude booths" over the years to the upscale shopping malls of the present period, retail stores saw significant change.

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In a project team, the individual who typically leads the early phases of systems development is the systems analyst. The systems analyst is responsible for identifying the requirements of the proposed system and translating those requirements into a functional design.

The analyst works closely with the project team members and stakeholders to gather and document the requirements and constraints of the system. The systems analyst also develops a preliminary design of the system, including data flows, data structures, and system processes. The analyst then presents this design to the project team and stakeholders for review and feedback.

The systems analyst is critical to the success of systems development projects because they ensure that the system meets the needs of all stakeholders and is designed to function effectively and efficiently. The analyst is also responsible for communicating with team members, stakeholders, and end-users to ensure that the system is developed on schedule and within budget. The analyst works with project managers and other team members to create project plans, schedules, and budgets, and they provide guidance and leadership throughout the systems development process.

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The accrual basis of accounting is a method of recognizing revenue and expenses that is widely used in the business world. It involves recognizing revenue when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash changes hands. In this way, it provides a more accurate picture of a company's financial position.

The purpose of the accrual basis of accounting is to provide a more accurate picture of a company's financial position. By recognizing revenue and expenses when they are earned or incurred, rather than when cash changes hands, the accrual basis of accounting ensures that a company's financial statements reflect the true economic activity of the business. For example, if a company provides services to a customer in one month but does not receive payment until the following month, the accrual basis of accounting would recognize the revenue in the month in which the services were provided, even though the cash was not received until the following month. This provides a more accurate picture of the company's financial performance for that month. Similarly, if a company incurs expenses in one month but does not pay for them until the following month, the accrual basis of accounting would recognize the expenses in the month in which they were incurred, rather than the month in which the cash was paid. This ensures that the company's financial statements reflect the true costs of running the business.

In conclusion, the purpose of the accrual basis of accounting is to provide a more accurate picture of a company's financial position by recognizing revenue and expenses when they are earned or incurred, rather than when cash changes hands. This method ensures that a company's financial statements reflect the true economic activity of the business and provides a more reliable basis for decision-making.

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FALSE. Emerging markets such as India and South Africa do consider sustainability critical to business.

In recent years, there has been a growing awareness and emphasis on sustainability in emerging markets. This is due to various factors such as increasing consumer demand for sustainable products, global efforts to address climate change, and the recognition that sustainable practices can lead to long-term profitability.

Many companies in emerging markets are adopting sustainable practices in areas such as energy efficiency, waste reduction, and responsible sourcing of raw materials. Additionally, there are government policies and regulations in place to encourage and enforce sustainable practices. For example, India has introduced policies such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change and the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) to promote sustainability.

Overall, it is clear that emerging markets are taking sustainability seriously and recognizing its importance to business success and long-term growth.

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A property and casualty insurer's loss reserve includes estimates for all of the following EXCEPT claims incurred but not yet reported to the company.

The loss reserve is an estimate of the amount of money that an insurer sets aside to cover the cost of claims that have been reported and adjusted but not yet paid, and claims that have been reported and filed but not yet adjusted. It also includes an estimate of claims that have been anticipated but not yet incurred.

Claims incurred but not yet reported to the company are not included in the loss reserve because they are not yet known to the insurer. These claims may not be reported for several months or even years after the loss has occurred, so it is difficult for insurers to estimate the cost of these claims accurately. Insurers use various statistical and actuarial techniques to estimate the value of claims that have been incurred but not yet reported.

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Anything that a firm does especially well compared to rival firms is referred to as a core competency.

Core competencies are unique strengths or abilities that a firm possesses which sets it apart from its competitors.

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Yes, Quail, Inc. is subject to federal income tax. Quail is a separate taxable entity, and its income is subject to a 21% income tax rate.

Quail, Inc., although a wholly owned subsidiary of Roadrunner, an exempt medical organization, is still subject to federal income tax. This is because Quail operates as a separate taxable entity, engaging in unrelated business activities (sporting goods retailing) that are not directly tied to Roadrunner's exempt purpose. As a result, Quail's taxable income of $550,000 is subject to a 21% income tax rate. After paying taxes, Quail can remit its earnings to Roadrunner to support the exempt purpose of the parent organization. In this scenario, the income tax paid by Quail does not affect Roadrunner's exempt status, but it does reduce the net earnings that are contributed to Roadrunner's cause.

Calculation Steps:
1. Calculate Quail's income tax liability: $550,000 (taxable income) x 0.21 (tax rate) = $115,500 (income tax owed).
2. Calculate the net earnings remitted to Roadrunner: $550,000 (taxable income) - $115,500 (income tax owed) = $434,500 (net earnings remitted to Roadrunner).

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The total sales revenue of a small business is determined by various factors, including the price of the product or service, credit terms offered to customers, sales volume, and expenses incurred. However, the two primary factors that have the most significant impact on the total sales revenue are sales volume and price.

Sales volume refers to the quantity of products or services sold by the business in a given period. It is directly proportional to the total sales revenue of the business, meaning that the higher the sales volume, the higher the revenue. Therefore, the business should focus on increasing its sales volume by attracting more customers, retaining existing ones, and expanding its market reach.Price, on the other hand, refers to the amount of money charged by the business for its products or services. It is a crucial factor that affects the total sales revenue since it directly impacts the profit margin of the business. The business should set a price that is competitive, reasonable, and profitable. If the price is too high, it may deter customers from buying, resulting in lower sales volume and revenue. On the other hand, if the price is too low, it may attract more customers, but the profit margin may be too small to sustain the business.
Credit terms, although an important factor, do not have a direct impact on the total sales revenue since they only affect the timing of the revenue received. If the business offers favorable credit terms, it may attract more customers, but it may also increase the risk of bad debt and delay in payments, affecting the cash flow of the business.

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A multidomestic strategy is most common for C. food industries. This is because food preferences and tastes often vary significantly across different countries and cultures, making it essential for food companies to adapt their products and marketing strategies to cater to local tastes and preferences.

In the context of multinational corporations, a multidomestic strategy refers to a localization approach where a company adapts its products and marketing strategies to fit the local market conditions of each country it operates in.

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The correct answer is a) true. Capital expenditures refer to investments made by a company in productive facilities, such as buildings, machinery, and equipment, that are expected to generate long-term benefits and increase the company's productive capacity.

These expenditures are typically significant and involve a substantial outlay of cash or financing. In contrast, operating expenditures are expenses incurred in the day-to-day operations of a business, such as salaries, rent, and utilities, that are necessary to keep the business running but do not involve significant capital investment. It is important for companies to carefully evaluate and plan their capital expenditures to ensure that they are making wise investments in their future growth and profitability.

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The United States' growing trade deficit reflects a number of factors which exclude- C. the enormous cost of military operations in the Middle East .

This is because the trade deficit mainly involves increased imports from China (A), a seemingly insatiable consumer demand for imported goods (B), the services trade surplus (D), and record goods sales to developing countries (E).

Military operations, although a significant expense, do not directly impact the trade deficit as they are not related to the import and export of goods and services between countries.

Hence, the answer is C.

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As of 2010, the per capita GDP in the United States was approximately 4.5 times the world average.

This means that the average income of individuals in the United States was significantly higher than the average income of individuals worldwide. The reason for this can be attributed to the United States being one of the largest economies in the world, with a highly developed and diverse economy.

Additionally, the United States has a relatively high standard of living and a strong focus on innovation and technology, which has contributed to its high GDP per capita.

However, it is important to note that this gap has likely changed since 2010 due to various global economic and political changes.

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